CN104360388B - A kind of 3 D seismic observation system evaluation method - Google Patents
A kind of 3 D seismic observation system evaluation method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of 3 D seismic observation system evaluation methods, the present invention carries out forward modeling to 3 D seismic observation system according to target area geological model and pre-stack time migration is imaged, and the pre-stack time migration result of each geophone offset section is obtained in a manner of dividing geophone offset section superposition record；By geophone offset from small to large in the way of arrange obtain pre-stack time migration trace gather, obtain amplitude corresponding to each geophone offset section along seismic event in the trace gather, obtain target area 3 D seismic observation system AVO response；According to gained 3 D seismic observation system AVO respond amplitude variation amplitude and stationarity, to target area 3 D seismic observation system carry out evaluation and preferably.The 3 D seismic observation system AVO that may be present that the present invention can effectively eliminate or weakened conventional design responds excessive defect, be conducive to the 3 D seismic observation system with higher amplitudes fidelity for being preferably adapted for target area, establish good basis for the AVO analysis and prestack inversion of interpretation phase.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of 3 D seismic observation system evaluation methods, belong to seismic acquisition design field.
Background technique
With deepening continuously for oil-gas exploration, seismic prospecting based on tectonic cycle period from being gradually deep into Lithology Discrimination and hydrocarbon
Class detection.Geophysical work person is wished to obtain from seismic data more in relation to subterranean strata physical property and property of pore fluid
Information.Subterranean strata elasticity is sought with geophone offset variation (Amplitude vs offset, AVO) information using seismic amplitude
Parameter, it usually needs by means of the method for AVO analysis and prestack inversion.AVO analysis and prestack inversion with left Puli hereby
(Zoeppritz) based on equation, using AVO information acquisition formation of elastic parameters, thus have direct estimation rock parameter and
The ability of predicting oil/gas.AVO analysis or prestack inversion be built upon prestack seismic gather data, result it is reliable
Whether depend on prestack seismic gather data quality.Currently, pre-stack time migration trace gather with it by playback, signal-to-noise ratio it is high and
It is mainly selected in AVO analysis or prestack inversion.In fact, by land in 3-d seismic exploration, since each geophone offset is distributed
Inhomogeneities will lead to the phenomenon that changing there are intrinsic amplitude with geophone offset in pre-stack time migration trace gather data, this is known as
3 D seismic observation system AVO response.This 3 D seismic observation system AVO response be due in 3 D seismic observation system because
Amplitude caused by each geophone offset degree of covering is uneven in pre-stack time migration trace gather changes with geophone offset, rather than due to
Caused by the geologic(al) factors such as subsurface formations and property of pore fluid, so as to cause seismic data interpretation stage AVO analysis and
The error of prestack inversion leads to the failure of lithology or fluid prediction.
According to the stereo observing system of existing acquisition designing technique standard design, due to being arranged width, spatial sampling by it
The factors such as uniformity influence, and can directly result in AVO phenomenon false in pre-stack time migration trace gather data, seriously affect and explain rank
The formation lithology identification of section and fluid prediction.
With the increasing need for seismic exploration to be used to find oil directly, it is necessary to consider earthquake-capturing factor to prestack
The influence of AVO information in time migration trace gather, it is ensured that the authenticity and reliability of AVO information, it is necessary to analyze earthquake to see
The response of AVO present in examining system itself.In the document about AVO response analysis published, mainly from geology angle
The AVO response characteristic caused by analyzing the difference due to formation of elastic parameters in earthquake data before superposition is spent, and about to three-dimensional
The AVO response analysis of seismic observation system has not been reported, and also the AVO of 3 D seismic observation system is not responded as a kind of sight
Examining system evaluation method.
Summary of the invention
The invention aims to overcome the above-mentioned prior art according to the three-dimensional observation system of seismic acquisition technology Specification Design
System, arranging the factors such as width, spatial sampling uniformity vulnerable to it influences, and leads to the presence of falseness in pre-stack time migration trace gather data
AVO phenomenon defect, provide a kind of 3 D seismic observation system evaluation method.
To achieve the above object, the present invention the following steps are included:
1, data preparation and parameter setting:
1.1 obtain target area 3 D seismic observation system, geological model and boundary coordinate, wherein 3-D seismics observation system
System includes receiving line number, every drawing lines number, track pitch, receiving line-spacing, shooting distance, perpendicular offset of shot line, harness rolling distance；It is seen by 3-D seismics
The parameter and boundary coordinate of examining system can get each shot point coordinate, each geophone station coordinate, excitation reception relationship and each shot point-detection
The geophone offset of point pair；Geological model by several plan-position is identical and scattering point and seismic wave propagation speed that buried depth is different are true
It is fixed；
1.2 setting recording parameters, including record time and sampling interval；
1.3 Enactive earthquake wavelets, including wavelet dominant frequency and wavelet type；
Geophone offset range is divided into several geophone offsets by the principle of 1.4 foundation 3 D seismic observation system track pitch integral multiples
Section；
2, to shot point-geophone station of target area 3 D seismic observation system to progress Seismic forward and pre-stack time migration
Reason, obtains the pre-stack time migration result of each geophone offset section:
The record time and sampling interval that 2.1 seismic wavelets set using step 1.2 and step 1.3 are set, to be evaluated
In valence 3 D seismic observation system a shot point-geophone station to and geological model implement the obtained big gun of diffraction method Seismic forward
Point-geophone station is to corresponding Seismic Traces；
The Seismic Traces that 2.2 pairs of above-mentioned steps 2.1 obtain carry out pre-stack time migration processing, obtain Seismic Traces pair
The pre-stack time migration processing result answered, and pre-stack time migration processing result is carried out by the geophone offset section that step 1.4 divides
Superposition record；
2.3 according to each shot point-geophone station coordinate in 3 D seismic observation systems, repeats the above steps 2.1~2.2, obtains
The result as a result, and pressed step by the forward modeling of all shot point-geophone stations pair and pre-stack time migration in 3 D seismic observation system
The 1.4 geophone offset sections divided are superimposed record；
3, each geophone offset section pre-stack time migration result as obtained in step 2 by geophone offset from small to large in the way of
Arrangement obtains pre-stack time migration trace gather；
4, vibration corresponding to each geophone offset section is measured along seismic event in the pre-stack time migration trace gather that step 3 obtains
Width obtains the AVO response of target area 3 D seismic observation system；
5, the amplitude variation amplitude and stationarity responded according to step 4 gained 3 D seismic observation system AVO, to target area
3 D seismic observation system is evaluated.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are: amplitude of the present invention by analysis target area 3 D seismic observation system AVO response
Can amplitude of variation and stationarity, evaluation 3 D seismic observation system meet the needs of interpretation phase AVO analysis or prestack inversion,
The 3 D seismic observation system AVO that may be present for being conducive to eliminate or reduce prior art design responds excessive defect, excellent
The 3 D seismic observation system with higher amplitudes fidelity of suitable target area is selected, is that the AVO of interpretation phase is analyzed and folded
Good basis is established in preceding inverting.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is flow diagram of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the Prototype drawing of observation system 1 used in specific embodiment；
Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram of geological model 1 in specific embodiment；
Fig. 4 is 3 D seismic observation system boundary and scattering point location diagram in specific embodiment；
Fig. 5 is that the big gun collection of the single receiving line obtained by 1 forward modeling of geological model in observation system 1 in Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 is remembered
Record；
Fig. 6 is inclined in the prestack time of scattering point position imaging acquisition by geological model 1 in observation system 1 in Fig. 2 and Fig. 3
Move trace gather；
Fig. 7 is AVO response curve corresponding to 4 scattering points being obtained as pre-stack time migration trace gather in Fig. 6；
Fig. 8 is that the AVO of each 3 D seismic observation system in the Fig. 8 obtained according to geological model 1 in Fig. 3 is responded.
Specific embodiment
With reference to the accompanying drawing, by taking the preceding theatre area of Bohai gulf basin Dong- pu Depression as an example, the present invention is further retouched
It states:
As shown in Figure 1, the present invention comprises the following steps that
Embodiment 1:
1, data preparation and parameter setting:
1.1 data preparation
A 3 D seismic observation system and geological model in the preceding theatre area of Bohai gulf basin Dong- pu Depression are obtained,
In, 3 D seismic observation system major parameter are as follows: 8 line, 4 big gun observation system, 8 lines receive, and 120/reception line, connects by 50 meters of track pitch
Take-up is away from 200 meters, shot point number 4 in beam, and 50 meters of shooting distance, 200 meters of perpendicular offset of shot line, 200 meters of interfascicular rolling distance, number is observation system
System 1, as shown in Fig. 2, horizontal direction horizontal line is to receive line in figure, the dot expression being distributed thereon connects 1 template of observation system
Sink indicates shot point in the dot that the 4th, 5 receive longitudinal arrangement between line；
Geological model: including 4 scattering points, plane coordinates (x5000, y5000), depth is respectively 1500 meters, 2500m,
3500m and 4500m, seismic wave propagation speed V are 2800 meter per seconds, and reflection coefficient is 1, and number is geological model 1, such as Fig. 3 institute
Show；
Boundary coordinate: the Seismic forward in the present invention carries out in regular rectangular shape borderline region, square boundary such as Fig. 4 institute
Show, A, B, C, D are 4, boundary angle point respectively in figure, coordinate be respectively (x0, y0), (x10000, y0), (x10000,
Y10000), (x0, y10000), E point are the position of scattering point and pre-stack time migration imaging in geological model, and coordinate is
(x5000, y5000)；
1.2 setting recording parameters, record time are 4000ms, and sampling interval 4ms, time sampling points N is 1000；
1.3 Enactive earthquake wavelets: dominant frequency is the Ricker wavelet of 30Hz, is indicated with w (j), and j is the time sampling sequence to wavelet
Number, wavelet time span is 200ms, j=1 .., 50；
1.4 according to 1 times of 1 track pitch of observation system i.e. 50m be interval, and geophone offset range is divided into 60 geophone offset sections,
Using geophone offset of the size between 25-75m as one section, and pre-stack time migration result therefrom superposition be recorded with
Geophone offset section 50m be mark performance data in, using geophone offset of the size between 75-125m as another section, and so on
Determine each geophone offset category geophone offset section；
2, to shot point-geophone station of target area 3 D seismic observation system to be evaluated to progress Seismic forward and prestack time
Migration processing obtains the pre-stack time migration result of each geophone offset section:
The seismic wavelet that the 2.1 record times set using above-mentioned steps 1.2 and sampling interval, step 1.3 are set, to sight
A shot point-geophone station in examining system 1 to and geological model 1 implement diffraction method Seismic forward, obtain the shot point-geophone station pair
Corresponding Seismic Traces x (j), j=1 .., N:
2.1.1 shot point-geophone station pair coordinate data is obtained from observation system 1, with (xs, ys) indicate shot point coordinate,
With (xr, yr) indicate geophone station coordinate；
2.1.2 the coordinate data of each scattering point is obtained from geological model 1And depth dataWherein i
=1~M, M are that points are scattered in geological model, M=4 in geological model 1；
2.1.3 determine shot point-geophone station to the hourage of scattering points all into model
Wherein i=1~M, M are that points are scattered in geological model, M=4 in geological model 1；
2.1.4 shot point-geophone station into model t when the travelling of all scattering pointsi(i=1~M) is set by step 1.2
Sampling interval and the record time sampled and recorded, obtain time series t ' (j), j is that time sampling point is numbered；
2.1.5 time series t ' (j) and step 1.3 seismic wavelet w (j) convolution set are obtained the ground of formula (2) expression
Shake recorded trace:
X (j)=t ' (j) * w (j) (2)
Attached drawing 5 shows that shot point coordinate is (x4975, y4535), receives line starting point coordinate (x2000, y4000), terminates
The forward modeling big gun collection record of point coordinate (x7950, y4000), laterally marked as reception channel serial number in figure, it is vertical marked as record when
Between, unit ms；
Geophone offset section corresponding to the Seismic Traces x (j) that 2.2 determining above-mentioned steps 2.1 obtain, to Seismic Traces x
(j) carry out pre-stack time migration processing obtain its imaging position pre-stack time migration as a result, imaging position and geological model 1
Middle scattering point plan-position is consistent, and coordinate is (x5000, y5000), the pre-stack time migration knot of the Seismic Traces of acquisition
Fruit superposition is recorded in the pre-stack time migration result of corresponding geophone offset section；
2.3 according to each shot point-geophone station coordinate in observation systems 1, repeats the above steps 2.1~2.2, obtains observation system
The pre-stack time migration result as a result, and be superimposed note by the Seismic forward of all shot point-geophone stations pair and pre-stack time migration in 1
In the pre-stack time migration result for recording corresponding geophone offset section；
3, the pre-stack time migration result of the difference geophone offset section as obtained in step 2 according to geophone offset from small to large
Mode arranges, and obtains pre-stack time migration trace gather, and Fig. 6 is to obtain coordinate position according to geological model 1 by observation system 1 to be
The pre-stack time migration trace gather of (x5000, y5000), vertical reference axis is time shaft in figure, unit ms, and transverse coordinate axis is
Geophone offset axis, unit m, as seen from the figure, pre-stack time migration trace gather lineups are clear and straight, show the forward modeling in step 2
It is correct with prestack time migration method；
4, it is measured corresponding to each geophone offset section in the pre-stack time migration trace gather obtained as step 3 along seismic event
Amplitude, obtains the AVO response of observation system 1, and Fig. 7 shows the observation system 1 obtained by above-mentioned steps in geological model 14
The AVO of a scattering point is responded, and vertical reference axis is seismic reflection amplitude, and transverse coordinate axis is geophone offset, as seen from the figure, amplitude
Variation is broadly divided into two sections, and in geophone offset range 50-800m, amplitude is substantially linear with biggish slope with geophone offset
Quickly increase, and geophone offset range be 800-3000m when, amplitude variations are relatively stable, and with geophone offset increase and slowly reduce；
5, by observation system 1 to the AVO response curve of 4 scattering points, the AVO response curve of scattering point 4 shakes for comparative analysis
Amplitude variationization is overall smaller and more stable, and with the reduction of scattering point buried depth, amplitude is obvious with the amplitude of variation of geophone offset curve
Increase, unstability increases, this shows for same 3 D seismic observation system-observation system 1, for compared with shallow-layer
AVO analysis or prestack inversion are more susceptible to the influence of 3 D seismic observation system itself, are easy to fall into the trap of false AVO response；
Since preceding theatre area main purpose layer buries relatively deeply, depth rings the AVO of scattering point 3,4 in 3500-4500m, observation system 1
It answers curve entire change amplitude little and more stable, can satisfy and carry out AVO in the subsequent seismic data interpretation stage in this area
The needs of analysis and prestack inversion.
Embodiment 2:
This example is the comparative analysis to one group of 3 D seismic observation system, and table 1 shows 33 D seismic observation systems
Basic parameter, 33 D seismic observation system receiving points having the same away from, receive line-spacing, shooting distance and perpendicular offset of shot line, every line connect
Receiving road number is also all 120, except that line number and harness rolling distance are received, wherein first observation system is exactly to implement
Observation system 1 in example 1；Using geological model in the same manner as in Example 1, seismic wavelet and recording parameters by embodiment 1
The step of obtain the AVO response of observation system 2 and observation system 3.
The parameter list of 1 one groups of 3 D seismic observation systems of table
AVO response curve above-mentioned 33 D seismic observation systems for scattering point 3 in geological model 1 compares
Analysis, as seen from Figure 8, observation system 3 are more due to receiving line number, receive arrangement and broaden, and the entire change amplitude of AVO response is bright
Aobvious to increase, the variation subregion of amplitude also becomes apparent, and change rate all obviously increases in two subregions, and this AVO response is special
The AVO analysis or prestack inversion levied to the following explanations stage are unfavorable；For prestack inversion and AVO analysis, due to adopting
Collect " AVO response " more flat, more uniform, AVO of this 3 D seismic observation system of this non-geologic(al) factor caused by reason
It is better that response is only, and is just more conducive to analyze the true AVO phenomenon as caused by formation factor, received by Fig. 8 being all 8 lines
The AVO response curve of observation system 1 and observation system 2 comparison as it can be seen that observation system 2 since harness rolling distance is larger, AVO
The stability of response is relatively poor, and the AVO response characteristic of observation system 1 is in this, as observation closer to ideal situation
System evaluates preferred foundation, it is determined that observation system 1 is the 3 D seismic observation system in preceding theatre area.
By embodiment 1 and embodiment 2 it is found that the present invention responds the AVO of analyzing three-dimensional seismic observation system as one
The evaluation method of a 3 D seismic observation system, for instruct 3 D seismic observation system design and for the prestack of interpretation phase it is anti-
It drills and offers reference with AVO analysis, Prestack seismic data is avoided to play a significant role using trap and meaning.
Claims (3)
1. a kind of 3 D seismic observation system evaluation method, it is characterized in that: the following steps are included:
(1) target area 3 D seismic observation system, geological model and boundary coordinate data preparation and parameter setting: are obtained；Setting
Recording parameters, including record time and sampling interval；Enactive earthquake wavelet, including wavelet dominant frequency and wavelet type；According to three-dimensional
Geophone offset range is divided into several geophone offset sections by the principle of seismic observation system track pitch integral multiple；
(2) shot point-geophone station of target area 3 D seismic observation system handles progress Seismic forward and pre-stack time migration,
Obtain the pre-stack time migration result of each geophone offset section:
(3) each geophone offset section pre-stack time migration result as obtained in step (2) by geophone offset from small to large in the way of
Arrangement obtains pre-stack time migration trace gather；
(4) vibration corresponding to each geophone offset section is measured along seismic event in the pre-stack time migration trace gather that step (3) obtains
Width obtains the AVO response of target area 3 D seismic observation system；
(5) according to the amplitude variation amplitude and stationarity of the response of 3 D seismic observation system AVO obtained by step (4), to target area
3 D seismic observation system is evaluated.
2. a kind of 3 D seismic observation system evaluation method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: dimensionally to target area
Shot point-geophone station of observation system is shaken to progress forward modeling and pre-stack time migration processing step are as follows:
(2.1) using Enactive earthquake wavelet, record time and sampling interval, to a big gun in target area 3 D seismic observation system
Point-geophone station to and geological model implement diffraction method Seismic forward obtain the shot point-geophone station to corresponding Seismic Traces；
(2.2) pre-stack time migration processing is carried out to the Seismic Traces that above-mentioned steps (2.1) obtain, obtains Seismic Traces pair
The pre-stack time migration processing result answered, and pre-stack time migration processing result is overlapped note by the geophone offset section of division
Record；
(2.3) according to each shot point-geophone station coordinate in 3 D seismic observation system, repeat the above steps (2.1)~(2.2), obtains
In 3 D seismic observation system the forward modeling of all shot point-geophone stations pair and pre-stack time migration as a result, and the result by drawing
The geophone offset section divided is superimposed record.
3. a kind of 3 D seismic observation system evaluation method according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that: step (2.1) institute
That states obtains Seismic Traces to seismic observation system and geological model implementation diffraction method Seismic forward, comprising the following steps:
(3.1) shot point-geophone station pair coordinate data is obtained from the seismic observation system of setting, with (xs, ys) indicate shot point
Coordinate, with (xr, yr) indicate geophone station coordinate；
(3.2) coordinate data of each scattering point is obtained from the geological model of settingAnd depth dataWherein
I=1~N, N are that points are scattered in geological model；
(3.3) determine shot point-geophone station to the hourage of scattering points all into model
Wherein: i=1~N, N are that points are scattered in geological model, and V is seismic wave propagation speed；
(3.4) shot point-geophone station into model t when the travelling of all scattering pointsiSampling interval and note by step (1) setting
The record time is sampled and is recorded, and time series t'(j is obtained), j is time sampling point number；
(3.5) Seismic Traces that time series t'(j) and input seismic wavelet w (j) convolution are indicated:
X (j)=t'(j) * w (j)
J is time sampling point number, and x (j) is exactly shot point (xs, ys) and geophone station (xr, yr) forward modeling earthquake record, according to above-mentioned
Step can get the composite traces of any shot point and geophone station pair in 3 D seismic observation system.
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| CN106154354B (en) * | 2015-04-22 | 2019-02-01 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | A kind of application method that trace gather is imaged |
| CN108680968B (en) * | 2018-07-24 | 2020-01-07 | 中国石油天然气集团有限公司 | Evaluation method and device for seismic exploration data acquisition observation system in complex structural area |
| CN110794479B (en) * | 2018-08-01 | 2021-11-05 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Method and device for inspecting observation system based on near-path superposition |
| CN110954956B (en) * | 2018-09-26 | 2021-10-22 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Method for evaluating acquisition trace of observation system and computer-readable storage medium |
| CN111352152B (en) * | 2018-12-21 | 2022-11-04 | 中国石油天然气集团有限公司 | Rapid quality control method and device for seismic data observation system |
| CN109738944B (en) * | 2019-03-05 | 2020-05-08 | 中国石油大学(北京) | Wide-angle reflection-based seismic acquisition parameter determination method and device |
| CN110579799B (en) * | 2019-09-04 | 2020-10-27 | 中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所 | Seismic acquisition observation method and system with equal travel time intervals |
| CN111025424B (en) * | 2020-01-06 | 2021-09-07 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Pre-stack time migration response operator quantification judgment method |
| CN114076975A (en) * | 2020-08-13 | 2022-02-22 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Three-dimensional seismic observation system layout method and device, electronic equipment and storage medium |
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| CN101852864B (en) * | 2009-04-03 | 2011-12-07 | 中国石油集团东方地球物理勘探有限责任公司 | Method for processing mass seismic data by using surface consistent statistical spectrum analysis technology |
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