CN107505665B - A kind of stratigraphic anormaly earthquake detection method based on window Fourier transform - Google Patents
A kind of stratigraphic anormaly earthquake detection method based on window Fourier transform Download PDFInfo
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- CN107505665B CN107505665B CN201710553015.4A CN201710553015A CN107505665B CN 107505665 B CN107505665 B CN 107505665B CN 201710553015 A CN201710553015 A CN 201710553015A CN 107505665 B CN107505665 B CN 107505665B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V11/00—Prospecting or detecting by methods combining techniques covered by two or more of main groups G01V1/00 - G01V9/00
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
- G01V1/28—Processing seismic data, e.g. analysis, for interpretation, for correction
- G01V1/30—Analysis
- G01V1/301—Analysis for determining seismic cross-sections or geostructures
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V2210/00—Details of seismic processing or analysis
- G01V2210/60—Analysis
- G01V2210/61—Analysis by combining or comparing a seismic data set with other data
Abstract
The stratigraphic anormaly earthquake detection method based on window Fourier transform that the invention discloses a kind of, comprising the following steps: identified on seismic profile first in the study area, track reflection line-ups corresponding to target zone；Secondly the parameter of research area's seismic trace signal Fourier transformation is determined；Choosing seismic channel corresponding to normal stratum again is standard track, and the earth shock signal of the standard track is denoted as f (t), calculates its Frequency response F (ω)；Selection Center frequency is respectively ω1And ω2Bell window, calculate ω2And ω1Frequency response than a ξ；Then for non-standard seismic channel, successively calculate its time-domain earth shock signal f'(t) Frequency response F'(ω)；Selection Center frequency is respectively ω1And ω2Bell window, calculate ω2And ω1Frequency response than two ξ '；Finally for all seismic channels in research area, size, that is, indicative purpose layer exception of percentage η, η that the difference for calculating ξ ' and ξ accounts for ξ are strong and weak.Advantage: methodological science, simple and direct；As a result quantitative, intuitive.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of earthquake detection method of stratigraphic anormaly, especially a kind of ground based on window Fourier transform
Layer Unusual Seismic detection method.
Background technique
In many coal mining enterprises of China, due to the influence of the factors such as depositional environment and tectonic movement, main mining coal seam and
The lithology on top plate stratum, which exists, washes away the stratigraphic anormalies such as area.Due to washing away the stratigraphic anormalies such as area and normally the lithology difference of interlayer
Obviously, the elasticity modulus on abnormal stratum and the elastic modulus difference on normal stratum are obvious.In coal seam when back production, this elasticity modulus
Difference may cause the disturbance of underground stress field, form stress concentration region, jeopardize the safety of coal back production.Therefore, for
For coal seam and its top plate stratum, whether stable relation is safe to coal back production for lithology, most important.If can be
The lithology anomalous variation that coal seam and its top plate stratum are accurately grasped before coal back production can take control measure in advance, reduce coal
A possibility that stress associated power disaster occurs in charcoal exploitation process is conducive to the safety for improving the shaft productions such as coal mine.
For the detection method in coal seam and its top plate stratigraphic anormaly, current most popular method is seismic properties
Method and amplitude are examined with coal away from variation (AVO) method.It is general by extracting purpose in seismic profile for earthquake attribution method
The information predictions stratigraphic anormalies such as amplitude, frequency and the phase of layer back wave, have the characteristics that fast and efficiently.But work as pendage
When, extracted back wave seismic properties will receive the influence of buried depth of strata, and when prediction is difficult to distinguish target zone exception and buried depth
It is abnormal.AVO method is also to be had the characteristics that high-precision using more common formation lithology prediction technique at present.But due to it
Data input is prestack common point (CMP) trace gather, and calculation amount when prediction is much larger than seismic properties method, and efficiency is lower.
For the coal seam of required detection and its top plate stratum, stratigraphic anormaly and buried depth may be simultaneously present.If
Buried depth of strata is different, and identical stratum is likely to be obtained the seismic properties such as different amplitudes, frequency and phase.If directly using upper
Seismic properties detection stratigraphic anormaly is stated, may be derived a wrong conclusion.For the target zone back wave of a certain buried depth, no
Response relativeness with frequency range is held essentially constant.Can by comparison different frequency range response between relative size,
The stratigraphic anormaly of testing goal layer overcomes the influence of buried depth of strata.
Summary of the invention
Goal of the invention: in order to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, it is true, reliable that the present invention provides a kind of predictions,
Prediction technique science, the simple and direct stratigraphic anormaly earthquake detection method based on window Fourier transform.
Technical solution: to achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention are as follows:
A kind of stratigraphic anormaly earthquake detection method based on window Fourier transform, includes the following steps:
It identified on the seismic profile of step 1) in the study area, track reflection line-ups corresponding to target zone；
Step 2) determines the parameter of research area's seismic trace signal Fourier transformation, including when window size, when window position and Fu
In leaf transformation number of samples；
It is reference that step 3) collection research area, which has geologic information and log, according to log cross plot and
Rock physics modeling result analyzes and determines whether stratum is normal, and choosing seismic channel corresponding to normal stratum is standard track, described
The earth shock signal of standard track is denoted as f (t), calculates its Frequency response F (ω) using Fast Fourier Transform (FFT)；Selecting frequency
The bell window center frequency of domain response curve is respectively one ω of frequency1With two ω of frequency2Bell window, make two ω of frequency2Equal to earthquake
Road dominant frequency, the i.e. corresponding frequency in amplitude highest point, while making frequency one and two absolute value of the difference of frequency | ω2-ω1| it is greater than
When window width half, calculate Frequency response than one ξ=F (ω2)/F(ω1), wherein F (ω1) it be frequency is ω1Standard
The Frequency response of road ground vibration signal f (t), F (ω2) it be frequency is ω2Standard track earth shock signal f (t) frequency
Domain response；
Step 4) successively calculates its time-domain earth shock signal for non-standard seismic channel, using Fast Fourier Transform (FFT)
F'(t Frequency response F'(ω))；The bell window center frequency of selecting frequency domain response curve is respectively three ω of frequency3And frequency
Four ω4Bell window, make four ω of frequency4Equal to non-standard seismic channel dominant frequency, while making the absolute of four difference of frequency three and frequency
Value | ω4-ω3| greater than when window width half, calculate Frequency response than two ξ '=F'(ω4)/F'(ω2), wherein F'(ω3)
It is ω for frequency3Non-standard seismic channel earth shock signal f'(t) Frequency response, F'(ω4) it be frequency is ω4It is non-
The genuine face vibration signal f'(t of standard earthquake) Frequency response；
Step 5) calculates η=(ξ '-ξ)/ξ for all seismic channels in research area, draws η value in the equivalence in research area
Line chart, the horizontal axis longitudinal axis are respectively x, the coordinate in the direction y, and size, that is, indicative purpose layer exception of η is strong and weak in isogram.
Preferred: the specific method is as follows for step 1):
(1) density log curve and velocity of longitudinal wave log are utilized, reflection coefficient log is calculated；
(2) seismic wavelet is chosen, by the way that seismic wavelet and reflection coefficient log are carried out convolution operation, generates synthesis
Earthquake record；
(3) according to seismic trace near well, by the way that it is compared identifying purpose layer back wave with synthetic seismogram；
(4) target zone reflection line-ups is tracked using computer automatic tracing or human-computer interaction trace mode, i.e., and respectively
The identical extreme value place of road vibration phase；
(5) when tracking, window is set as the apparent cycle of target zone back wave, i.e., read earthquake on seismic profile when tracking
Wave period；
(6) when tracking, tracking phase settings are wave crest or trough or zero crossing.
Preferred: the specific method is as follows for step 2):
(1) by when window be set as the apparent cycle of target zone back wave；
(2) by when window position be set as target zone reflection line-ups；
(3) Fourier transformation number of samples is set as 256 or 512 or 1024.
It is preferred: when studying area there are when multiple standard tracks in step 3), to be put down with the earth shock signal of all standard tracks
Mean value is as standard track signal.
Preferred: the formula for the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) used in step 3) is as follows:
F (ω)=FFT (f (t))
Wherein, f (t) indicates that standard track earth shock signal, F (ω) indicate its Frequency response.
The formula for the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) used in step 4) is as follows:
F'(ω)=FFT (f'(t))
Wherein, f'(t) indicate non-standard seismic channel earth shock signal, F'(ω) indicate its Frequency response.
The present invention compared with prior art, has the advantages that
1. inspection result is more intuitive, strong with stratigraphic anormaly correspondence.Since inspection result of the invention is η value in research area
Distribution, the size of η value directly reflects the intensity of anomaly on stratum.Therefore, the η value detected can directly reflect the exception on stratum
Degree is used directly for instructing mine safety production.
2. the precision for detecting stratigraphic anormaly is higher.It is directly checked for stratigraphic anormaly relative to using seismic properties, we
Method is equivalent to by calculating (ξ '-ξ)/ξ and has sought gradient.Therefore, more sensitive for the reflection of stratigraphic anormaly, detect stratum
Abnormal precision is higher.
3. the reliability of inspection result is higher.Since the present invention calculates the ratio ξ ' of different frequency response, then and mark first
The ratio ξ comparison of quasi- road different frequency response, can overcome influence of the buried depth of strata to abnormality detection.Therefore, detection is reliable
Property is higher, is used directly for instructing mine safety production.
4. data volume is small, more efficient.The present invention is relative to amplitude with prestack inversions sides such as geophone offset variation (AVO) methods
For method, it is only necessary to use seismic profile data, rather than prestack common point (CMP) trace gather.Therefore, calculation amount is small, efficiency
It is higher.
5. the present invention depicts the isogram of η due to the window Fourier transform method of use, make based in window Fu
The stratigraphic anormaly earthquake detection of leaf transformation is possibly realized, scientific, simple and direct with detection method, as a result quantitative, intuitive, high-precision
Advantage fully meets mining areas of mine safety in production and requires.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is synthetic seismogram schematic diagram of the invention.
Fig. 2 is that stratum reflection line-ups picks up schematic diagram in seismic profile of the invention.
Fig. 3 is seismic channel Frequency response signal schematic representation of the invention.
In figure: 1, recording the time；2, seismic wavelet；3, density log curve；4, velocity of longitudinal wave log；5, it calculates
Reflection coefficient log；6, synthetic seismogram；7, seismic channel Taoist monastic name；8, seismic channel waveform；9, the lineups picked up；10, it shakes
Width reference axis；11, frequency coordinate axis；12, Frequency response curve；13, centre frequency ω2Bell window；14, centre frequency
For ω1Bell window.
Specific embodiment
In the following with reference to the drawings and specific embodiments, the present invention is furture elucidated, it should be understood that these examples are merely to illustrate this
It invents rather than limits the scope of the invention, after the present invention has been read, those skilled in the art are to of the invention various
The modification of equivalent form falls within the application range as defined in the appended claims.
A kind of stratigraphic anormaly earthquake detection method based on window Fourier transform includes the following steps:
It identified on the seismic profile of step 1) in the study area, track reflection line-ups corresponding to target zone；
(1) density log curve and velocity of longitudinal wave log as shown in Figure 1 are utilized, it is bent to calculate reflection coefficient well logging
Line.
(2) seismic wavelet as shown in Figure 1 is chosen, by the way that seismic wavelet and reflection coefficient log are carried out convolution fortune
It calculates, generates synthetic seismogram as shown in Figure 1.
(3) according to seismic trace near well, by the way that it is compared identifying purpose layer back wave with synthetic seismogram.
(4) target zone reflection line-ups is tracked using computer automatic tracing or human-computer interaction trace mode, i.e., and respectively
The identical extreme value place of road vibration phase, as shown in Figure 2.
(5) when tracking, window is set as the apparent cycle of target zone back wave, i.e., read earthquake on seismic profile when tracking
Wave period.
(6) when tracking, tracking phase settings are wave crest or trough or zero crossing.
Step 2) determines the parameter of research area's seismic trace signal Fourier transformation, including when window size, when window position and Fu
In leaf transformation number of samples；
(1) by when window be set as the apparent cycle of target zone back wave.
(2) by when window position be set as target zone reflection line-ups.
(3) Fourier transformation number of samples is set as 256 or 512 or 1024.
It is standard track that step 3), which chooses seismic channel corresponding to normal stratum, and the earth shock signal of the standard track is denoted as
F (t) calculates its Frequency response F (ω).The specific method is as follows:
(1) collection research area has geologic information and log is reference.
(2) analyze and determine whether stratum is normal according to log cross plot and rock physics modeling result.
(3) choosing seismic channel corresponding to normal stratum is standard track, and the earth shock signal of the standard track is denoted as f
(t), when research area is there are when multiple standard tracks, using the earth shock signal averaging of all standard tracks as standard track signal.
(4) its Frequency response F (ω) is calculated using Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), formula is as follows:
F (ω)=FFT (f (t))
Wherein, f (t) indicates that standard track earth shock signal, F (ω) indicate its Frequency response.
(5) the bell window center frequency of selecting frequency domain response curve is respectively one ω of frequency1With two ω of frequency2Bell window,
Make two ω of frequency2Equal to seismic channel dominant frequency, the i.e. corresponding frequency in amplitude highest point, make one ω of frequency1Below or above earthquake
Road dominant frequency, while making frequency one and two absolute value of the difference of frequency | ω2-ω1| greater than when window width half, calculate frequency
Domain response is than one ξ=F (ω2)/F(ω1), wherein F (ω1) it be frequency is ω1Standard track earth shock signal f (t) frequency
Domain response, F (ω2) it be frequency is ω2Standard track earth shock signal f (t) Frequency response, as shown in Figure 3.
Step 4) is denoted as f'(t for non-standard seismic channel, the earth shock signal of the non-standard seismic channel), successively count
Calculate its Frequency response F'(ω).The specific method is as follows:
(1) successively calculate its time-domain earth shock signal f'(t using Fast Fourier Transform (FFT)) Frequency response F'
(ω), formula is as follows:
F'(ω)=FFT (f'(t))
Wherein, f'(t) indicate non-standard seismic channel earth shock signal, F'(ω) indicate its Frequency response.
(2) the bell window center frequency of selecting frequency domain response curve is respectively three ω of frequency3With four ω of frequency4Bell window,
Make four ω of frequency4Equal to non-standard seismic channel dominant frequency, make three ω of frequency3Below or above non-standard seismic channel dominant frequency,
Make frequency three and four absolute value of the difference of frequency simultaneously | ω4-ω3| greater than when window width half, calculate Frequency response than two ξ '
=F'(ω4)/F'(ω3), wherein F'(ω3) it be frequency is ω3Non-standard seismic channel earth shock signal f'(t) frequency
Domain response, F'(ω4) it be frequency is ω4Non-standard seismic channel earth shock signal f'(t) Frequency response, such as Fig. 3 institute
Show.
Step 5) calculates η=(ξ '-ξ)/ξ for all seismic channels in research area, draws η value in the equivalence in research area
Line chart, the horizontal axis longitudinal axis are respectively x, the coordinate in the direction y, and size, that is, indicative purpose layer exception of η is strong and weak in isogram,
In, ξ is that there is a value on each stratum, and ξ ' is that each of each stratum seismic channel has a value.Therefore, η is each
Each of stratum seismic channel has a value.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it should be pointed out that: for the ordinary skill people of the art
For member, various improvements and modifications may be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, these improvements and modifications are also answered
It is considered as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of stratigraphic anormaly earthquake detection method based on window Fourier transform, which comprises the steps of:
It identified on the seismic profile of step 1) in the study area, track reflection line-ups corresponding to target zone；
Step 2) determines the parameter of research area's seismic trace signal Fourier transformation, including when window size, when window position and Fourier
Convert number of samples；
Step 3) collection research area has geologic information and log is reference, according to log cross plot and rock
Physical modeling interpretation of result judges whether stratum is normal, and choosing seismic channel corresponding to normal stratum is standard track, the standard
The earth shock signal in road is denoted as f (t), calculates its Frequency response F (ω) using Fast Fourier Transform (FFT)；Selecting frequency domain is rung
Answering the bell window center frequency of curve is respectively one ω of frequency1With two ω of frequency2Bell window, make two ω of frequency2It is excellent equal to seismic channel
Gesture frequency, the i.e. corresponding frequency in amplitude highest point, while making frequency one and two absolute value of the difference of frequency | ω2-ω1| window when being greater than
The half of width calculates Frequency response than one ξ=F (ω2)/F(ω1), wherein F (ω1) it be frequency is ω1Standard it is genuine
The Frequency response of face vibration signal f (t), F (ω2) it be frequency is ω2Standard track earth shock signal f (t) frequency domain ring
It answers；
Step 4) successively calculates its time-domain earth shock signal f' for non-standard seismic channel, using Fast Fourier Transform (FFT)
(t) Frequency response F'(ω)；The bell window center frequency of selecting frequency domain response curve is respectively three ω of frequency3With frequency four
ω4Bell window, make four ω of frequency4Equal to non-standard seismic channel dominant frequency, while making frequency three and four absolute value of the difference of frequency
|ω4-ω3| greater than when window width half, calculate Frequency response than two ξ '=F'(ω4)/F'(ω3), wherein F'(ω3) be
Frequency is ω3Non-standard seismic channel earth shock signal f'(t) Frequency response, F'(ω4) it be frequency is ω4It is nonstandard
Quasi- seismic channel earth shock signal f'(t) Frequency response；
Step 5) for research area in all seismic channels, calculate η=(ξ '-ξ)/ξ, draw η value research area isogram,
The horizontal axis longitudinal axis is respectively x, the coordinate in the direction y, and size, that is, indicative purpose layer exception of η is strong and weak in isogram.
2. the stratigraphic anormaly earthquake detection method according to claim 1 based on window Fourier transform, it is characterised in that:
The specific method is as follows for step 1):
(1) density log curve and velocity of longitudinal wave log are utilized, reflection coefficient log is calculated；
(2) seismic wavelet is chosen, by the way that seismic wavelet and reflection coefficient log are carried out convolution operation, generates synthesis earthquake
Record；
(3) according to seismic trace near well, by the way that it is compared identifying purpose layer back wave with synthetic seismogram；
(4) target zone reflection line-ups, the vibration of the road Ji Yuge are tracked using computer automatic tracing or human-computer interaction trace mode
The dynamic identical extreme value place of phase；
(5) when tracking, window is set as the apparent cycle of target zone back wave when tracking, i.e., read seismic wave week on seismic profile
Phase；
(6) when tracking, tracking phase settings are wave crest or trough or zero crossing.
3. the stratigraphic anormaly earthquake detection method according to claim 1 based on window Fourier transform, it is characterised in that:
The specific method is as follows for step 2):
(1) by when window be set as the apparent cycle of target zone back wave；
(2) by when window position be set as target zone reflection line-ups；
(3) Fourier transformation number of samples is set as 256 or 512 or 1024.
4. the stratigraphic anormaly earthquake detection method according to claim 1 based on window Fourier transform, it is characterised in that:
When studying area there are when multiple standard tracks in step 3), believed using the earth shock signal averaging of all standard tracks as standard track
Number.
5. the stratigraphic anormaly earthquake detection method according to claim 1 based on window Fourier transform, it is characterised in that:
The formula for the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) used in step 3) is as follows:
F (ω)=FFT (f (t))
Wherein, f (t) indicates that standard track earth shock signal, F (ω) indicate its Frequency response；
The formula for the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) used in step 4) is as follows:
F'(ω)=FFT (f'(t))
Wherein, f'(t) indicate non-standard seismic channel earth shock signal, F'(ω) indicate its Frequency response.
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| CN104090302B (en) * | 2014-07-02 | 2017-08-25 | 中国海洋石油总公司 | The method of work area underground medium frequency domain anomaly analysis |
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