CN101852864B - Method for processing mass seismic data by using surface consistent statistical spectrum analysis technology - Google Patents
Method for processing mass seismic data by using surface consistent statistical spectrum analysis technology Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to data processing in petroleum geophysical exploration data processing, and relates to a method for processing mass seismic data by using surface consistent statistical spectrum analysis technology. The method comprises the following steps of: separating the data into shots, selecting disturbance within 100ms on an analyzed time window segment to form a data segments, adding linear slopes at two ends of a time window, filling zero to the channel length of the primary data, averaging the disturbed data to obtain an amplitude spectrum, finishing spectrum analysis of all shot records and all demodulator probe sets, and making a spectrum estimation result of the whole survey line correspond to an acquired earth surface structure to obtain regular, selective and oriented mass data. The mass data processing method can improve the processing precision and speed, reduce the noise, obtain a high-precision stratum section and determine the position of an oil-containing stratum.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the geophysical prospecting for oil technology, relate to the method for in the seismic exploration data processing to high-density the data frequency being carried out express-analysis, be specifically related to utilize the method for earth's surface-consistent statistical spectrum analysis technical finesse mass seismic data.
Background technology
As everyone knows, in the geophysical prospecting for oil technology, the geological problem that improves seismic prospecting precision, solution continental sedimentary basin complexity is a systems engineering, relates to many aspects such as acquisition method, static correction technology, noise compact technique, meticulous imaging technique.The high density spatial Sampling techniques are the new developing direction of field of seismic exploration, for improving data signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) and resolution, raising data quality, obtaining the effect that abundanter underground reflective information has uniqueness, therefore become one of focus of current seismic prospecting.The high density spatial Sampling techniques are meant implements some source excitation, some reception or small size combined reception, small distance between receivers or the observation of facet unit in the open air, seismic wave field is fully sampled, signal and noise are carried out " wide advance wide go out ", avoid coming to harm because of receiver pattern makes reflective information in the gatherer process, as far as possible the primitiveness of maintenance sampling wave field and rich.
But by the huge data volume that high density spatial sampling obtains, how adopting fast and effectively method that the data feature is analyzed is the problem that treatment people at first faces for the field; The problem that next faces be, in processing procedure, how treatment people is placed on the feature of correct understanding data, the problem that the objective analysis data exist with main energy, in this problem, how to take suitable technological means, select reasonable parameter that mass data is implemented to handle, the quality of mass data is improved constantly, make and handle the achievement needs of matter synthetic study contentedly; Moreover the problem that faces is, how to grasp analysis means, Quality Control data or the monitoring of the data map quality problems in handling, and whether study these problems has correlativity in the near surface feature.The quick face of land consistency analysis means that have are embodiments of geological data processing enter complex art strength.Adopt the earth's surface-consistent analytical technology to grasp the feature of mass data, use quantitative analysis method that the processing quality of each link in the mass data processing process is carried out in time, monitored effectively, the details of observed data, can in time remove a hidden danger, increase work efficiency, be the problem of needing solution in the geophysical prospecting for oil technology badly always.
As everyone knows, frequency is one of key character of geological data.In order to solve top described technical matters, in disposal system commonly used at present, mutual single track or the multiple tracks spectral analysis method of many employings carries out frequency analysis to geological data, but in existing rarely seen mass data processing technology, exists various deficiencies or defective.Be that example is illustrated (referring to Fig. 1) with the OMEGA earthquake data processing system below.In the graphic structure shown in Fig. 1, the demonstration that mutual spectrum is estimated divides three zones: (a) input data (T-X) district; (b) corresponding road F-X spectrum; (c) multiple tracks spectral amplitude.The concrete grammar step is: (1) selects the input data; (2) carry out the Fourier conversion; (3) the mutual spectrum of output (F-X spectrum and spectral amplitude).
For the mass seismic data of open-air high-density acquisition, conventional spectral analysis technology (as the OMEGA earthquake data processing system) mainly exists not enough in following several respects:
(1) data volume of handling when needs is big, and the data frequency feature is in the time, when direction in space there are differences, and conventional interactive mode spectral analysis method needs the artificial input data of constantly revising, and the speed of output reduces, and is unfavorable for quick comparative analysis;
(2) do not consider earth's surface-consistent hypothesis prerequisite in the seismic prospecting, be difficult to obtain excite, condition of acceptance changes the influence that the data feature is caused;
(3) the F-X spectrum is subjected to the restriction of the length of fetching data, and display mode can't be adjusted, and precision is lower;
(4) fail to extract characteristic parameter on the frequency spectrum, can't realize quantizing comparative analysis.
In addition, because the singularity that geological data is handled, be that the geological data processing is that the specific aim of carrying out on the basis of overall understanding raw data holistic distribution characteristics is handled, the difficulty of data volume and processing accuracy requirement, DATA DISTRIBUTION feature, analysis is all different with other non-mass data processing methods with analyst coverage; Again because concerning seismic exploration to high-density, the data volume of collection increases several times again, more needs the earth's surface-consistent data analysis technique that adapts with it.
Therefore, for the high density seismic exploration technique, be badly in need of at present a kind of method of suitable mass seismic data, with this improve the magnanimity earthquake processing accuracy with speed, reduce noise, take this to bring to obtain high-precision stratigraphic section and definite oil-bearing formation position by the identification active zone.
Summary of the invention
Deficiency at existing mass seismic data system, the present invention is directed to the big characteristics of pre stack data amount in the high-density acquisition, the present invention proposes a kind of method of utilizing earth's surface-consistent statistical spectrum analysis technical finesse mass seismic data, and this method can be implemented geological data spectrum estimation fast and effectively and can finish the spectrum estimation of earth's surface-consistent statistics as required.
May further comprise the steps according to the method for earth's surface-consistent statistical spectrum analysis technical finesse mass seismic data of utilizing of the present invention:
(1) survey line and emplacement are arranged in the preliminary in the open air area of determining that has oily to wish, use explosive source or ground vibroseis earthquake-wave-exciting, and with seismograph the propagation of seismic wave situation are noted;
(2) at first study frequency change rule on the shot gather data: elect the data branch as the big gun collection, window when on big gun data, selecting according to the purpose of research, geological data is x
k(i, j); I is the time sequence number, and j is a sequence number, and k is the big gun sequence number, and wherein each one-channel record is x (i);
(3) analyze the time window section on, get 100ms with interior disturbance, form m data segment, m generally gets 3-5; ((n is the random number between the 0-10 to the number of samples of Wb-Wa+10 * n)/SI, is produced automatically by software, guarantees that disturbance is in 100ms according to window length; SI is a sampling interval), the time window two ends add linear slope, and zero padding is long to the road of raw data; The data of window section are done the Fourier conversion during to the m after the disturbance, adopt formula (1) to calculate the spectral amplitude of single track data, and the data after the disturbance are asked on average, obtain the spectral amplitude A (f) of x (i);
In the formula: x
j(t
i) be the input seismic trace,
t
iBe the time,
J=1,2 ... m is the road sequence number after the random perturbation,
A (f) is the spectrum results estimated,
F is a frequency;
Calculate in view of the above the Ak that the big gun collection is recorded in selected scope Nei Gedao (f, j), calculate the spectral amplitude of every big gun data:
Describe the statistical average of lump feature, promptly mathematical expectation if data are normal distribution, can adopt following mode (2)
A
k(f)＝E[A
k(f，j)] (2)
In the formula: A
k(f j) is the spectrum estimated result in k big gun, j road,
K is the big gun sequence number,
J is a sequence number,
A
k(f) be the spectrum results estimated,
F is a frequency.
(4) the spectrum results estimated of big gun record is left in as a result in the road;
(5) take off a big gun record, repeat (3), (4), up to the analysis of spectrum of finishing all big gun records;
(6) secondly, data are sorted into the detection point set, the situation of change of data frequency on the research detection point set: window when selecting on same geophone station data according to the purpose of analyzing, geological data is x
1(i, j); I is the time sequence number, and j is a sequence number, and 1 is the geophone station sequence number,
(7) process that data spectrum is estimated on the detection point set is with (3)-(4);
(8) take off detection point set data, repeat (3)-(4), up to the analysis of spectrum of finishing all detection point set records;
(9) for every big gun time domain record (being made up of some roads) or each geophone station time domain record (being made up of some roads), after aforementioned calculation, the frequency information of this shot point or this geophone station just can be represented with 1 road, compress data volume.Just can be easily with the spectrum estimated result in whole piece survey line or whole work area the surface infrastructure during with field acquisition corresponding, be easy to find its regularity, but the problem of quick check in gathering.Each link in processing procedure also adopts the variation of the analysis of spectrum mode checking process medium frequency of earth's surface-consistent, result's fidelity, the zone that abnormal occurrence occurs etc., the speed and the accuracy that improve Data Detection.
Wherein in above-mentioned formula (2), sane relatively intermediate value can be selected,, formula (3) can be adopted if there is exceptional value to distribute in the data
A
k(f)＝median[A
k(f，j)] (3)
Also can select α-TRIM estimation flexibly,, be averaged again, can adopt formula (4) if there is exceptional value to distribute in the data
A
k(f)＝α-trim[A
k(f，j)] (4)
During α-TRIM estimates, if parameter is chosen as 20%, the spectrum that is about to each road in the selected scope of big gun data sorts on same frequency sampling point, remove 10% of minimum, remove maximum 10%, with 80% data of centre on average as the value on this frequency sampling point, frequency computation part one by one, until cutoff frequency, obtain this big gun data frequency value;
In the above-mentioned method of utilizing earth's surface-consistent statistical spectrum analysis technical finesse mass seismic data, the result of calculation that earth's surface-consistent statistics spectrum is estimated leaves in the seismic trace with the form of data, so just can handle, so that extract characteristic parameter the spectrum data.
Data are carried out disposal route:, avoid the influence of exceptional value to characteristic parameter along the integral filtering or the medium filtering of frequency direction.
A′
k(f)＝int?egralfilter[A
k(f)] (5)
A′
k(f)＝medianfilter[A
k(f)] (6)
In the formula: A '
k(f) be filtered data,
A
k(f) be the input data.
Being extracted as of characteristic parameter: the data after the Filtering Processing are carried out the extraction of characteristic parameter in different frequency band ranges.Frequency band range can be divided into: the frequency band range of interference wave frequency band range, reflection wave, dominant frequency band scope, low-frequency range, high band etc., extract the average energy (A in a certain frequency band as required
Eng) and crest frequency (f
Max), be equipped with key word and be stored in the trace header, draw out quantization characteristic curve or curved surface.
Average energy (the A of frequency band
Eng) curve can clearly reflect the energy horizontal change in this frequency band, analysing energy changes the corresponding relation that changes with near surface structure, helps treatment people to select testing site, confirmed test scheme.Crest frequency (f
Max) be the frequency of maximal value correspondence in the selected frequency band, the dominant frequency that this parameter makes treatment people can understand data apace distributes and the dominant frequency of data and the corresponding relation of near surface structure, use this parameter in the different links of data processing and can study data frequency Changing Pattern in the processing procedure, whether the variation of research near surface condition is eliminated to the influence of geological data, and what make achievement data frequency message reflection is the feature of subsurface reservoir or the situation of oily.If three-dimensional data, by the plane demonstration of this parameter or the space distribution situation of stereo display express-analysis whole district data, so that:
(1) relation of the thickness of the frequency distribution of comparative analysis geological data and face of land elevation, weathering zone speed, weathering zone, research excites, condition of acceptance is to the influence of earthquake data quality;
(2) according to earth's surface-consistent statistics spectrum signature parameter distribution situation, space-variant parameter in determining to handle and frequency variable element;
(3) variation of monitoring processing procedure medium frequency.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the synoptic diagram of the analysis of spectrum in the OMEGA system;
Fig. 2 is for using the analysis of spectrum result of the inventive method;
Fig. 3 (a) is the synoptic diagram of raw data big gun collection statistical spectral analysis;
Fig. 3 (b) is the synoptic diagram of big gun collection statistical spectral analysis after the prestack denoising;
Fig. 3 (c) is the synoptic diagram of big gun collection statistical spectral analysis after the amplitude processing;
Fig. 3 (d) is the synoptic diagram of big gun collection statistical spectral analysis after the deconvolution;
Fig. 4 (a) is the synoptic diagram of original detection point set statistical spectral analysis;
Fig. 4 (b) is the synoptic diagram of prestack denoising post-detection point set statistical spectral analysis;
Fig. 4 (c) is the synoptic diagram of deconvolution post-detection point set statistical spectral analysis;
Fig. 4 (d) is the synoptic diagram of final detection point set statistical spectral analysis;
Fig. 5 (a) is the synoptic diagram of original detection point set analysis of spectrum, and the figure upper curve is the crest frequency of 40-60Hz;
Fig. 5 (b) is the synoptic diagram of the detection point set analysis of spectrum after handling, and the figure upper curve is the crest frequency of 40-60Hz;
Fig. 6 (a) is the synoptic diagram of brute stack section;
Fig. 6 (b) is the synoptic diagram of final stacked section.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the method for utilizing earth's surface-consistent statistical spectrum analysis technical finesse mass seismic data that the present invention is proposed is described in detail.
At first, survey line and emplacement are arranged in the preliminary in the open air area of determining that has oily to wish, use explosive source or ground vibroseis earthquake-wave-exciting, and with seismograph the propagation of seismic wave situation are noted.Just, use the routine techniques means, gather the mass seismic data that to handle in the open air.
At first study the frequency change rule on the shot gather data: elect the data branch as the big gun collection, window when on big gun data, selecting according to the purpose of research, geological data is x
k(i, j), the single track data are x (i);
Secondly, analyze the time window section on, get 100ms with interior disturbance, form m data segment, m generally gets 3-5; According to window length (number of samples of Wb-Wa+10 * n)/SI (n is the random number between the 0-10, window scope when Wb-Wa is, SI is a sampling interval), the time window two ends add linear slope, and zero padding is long to the road of raw data; The data of window section are done the Fourier conversion during to the m after the disturbance, adopt formula (1) to calculate the spectral amplitude of single track data, and the data after the disturbance are asked on average, obtain the spectral amplitude A (f) of x (i);
In the formula: x
j(t
i) be the input seismic trace,
t
iBe the time,
J=1,2 ... m is the road sequence number after the random perturbation,
A (f) is the spectrum results estimated,
F is a frequency.
Moreover, calculate the A that the big gun collection is recorded in selected scope Nei Gedao
k(f, j), can adopt the estimation mode of a big gun data spectrum according to the feature of data:
The statistical average of lump feature is described, i.e. mathematical expectation: (, can adopt the manner) if data are normal distribution
A
k(f)＝E[A
k(f，j)] (2)
In the formula: A
k(f j) is the spectrum estimated result in k big gun, j road,
K is the big gun sequence number,
J is a sequence number,
A
k(f) be the spectrum results estimated,
F is a frequency.
Can select sane relatively intermediate value: (, can adopt this mode) if there is exceptional value to distribute in the data
A
k(f)＝median[A
k(f，j)] (3)
Also can selecting flexibly, α-TRIM estimates: (if there is exceptional value to distribute in the data, be averaged again, can adopt this mode)
A
k(f)＝α-trim[A
k(f，j)] (4)
During α-TRIM estimates, if parameter is chosen as 20%, the spectrum that is about to each road in the selected scope of big gun data sorts on same frequency sampling point, remove 10% of minimum, remove maximum 10%, with 80% data of centre on average as the value on this frequency sampling point, frequency computation part one by one, until cutoff frequency, obtain this big gun data frequency value.
Then, the spectrum results estimated of big gun record is left in as a result in the road;
Each big gun record is all repeated above-mentioned computing, up to the analysis of spectrum of finishing all big gun records;
Data are sorted into the detection point set, and the situation of change of data frequency on the research detection point set: window when selecting on same geophone station data according to the purpose of analyzing, geological data is x
1(i, j);
The process that data spectrum is estimated on the detection point set is identical with the big gun collection;
Each detection point set record is all repeated above-mentioned computing, up to the analysis of spectrum of finishing all detection point set records.
For every big gun time domain record (being made up of some roads) or each geophone station time domain record (being made up of some roads), after aforementioned calculation, the frequency information of this shot point or this geophone station just can be represented with 1 road, compress data volume.Just can be easily with the spectrum estimated result in whole piece survey line or whole work area the surface infrastructure during with field acquisition corresponding, be easy to find its regularity, but the problem of quick check in gathering.Each link in processing procedure also adopts the variation of the mode checking process medium frequency of earth's surface-consistent, result's fidelity, the zone that abnormal occurrence occurs etc., improves the accuracy that detects.
In earth's surface-consistent statistics spectrum was estimated, result of calculation left in the seismic trace with the form of data, so just can handle data, so that extract characteristic parameter.
Data are carried out disposal route is: along the integral filtering or the medium filtering of frequency direction, avoid the influence of exceptional value to characteristic parameter.
A′
k(f)＝int?egralfilter[A
k(f)] (5)
A′
k(f)＝medianfilter[A
k(f)] (6)
In the formula: A '
k(f) be filtered data,
A
k(f) be the input data.
Being extracted as of characteristic parameter: the data after the Filtering Processing are carried out the extraction of characteristic parameter in different frequency band ranges.Frequency band range can be divided into: the frequency band range of interference wave frequency band range, reflection wave, dominant frequency band scope, low-frequency range, high band etc., extract the average energy (A in a certain frequency band as required
Eng) and crest frequency (f
Max), be equipped with key word and be stored in the trace header, draw out quantization characteristic curve or curved surface.
Average energy (the A of certain frequency band
Eng) curve can clearly reflect the energy horizontal change in this frequency band, analysing energy changes the corresponding relation that changes with near surface structure, helps treatment people to select testing site, confirmed test scheme.Crest frequency (f
Max) be the frequency of maximal value correspondence in the selected frequency band, the dominant frequency that this parameter makes treatment people can understand data apace distributes, use this parameter in the different links of data processing and can study data frequency Changing Pattern in the processing procedure, if three-dimensional data, the space distribution situation that shows express-analysis whole district data by the plane of this parameter, space-variant parameter in determining to handle and frequency variable element, the variation of monitoring processing procedure medium frequency.
In addition, method of the present invention also adopts following technology.
1. window chooses the time
In earth's surface-consistent statistics spectrum is estimated, the selection principle of window in the time of on big gun collection or the detection point set: (1) research ground roll frequecy characteristic: the time window be taken on the little geophone offset road, the desirable different time period is studied the dispersion phenomenon of ground roll, generally get 400-800ms, 1200-2200ms, 2500-3800ms, 4000-6000ms; (2) frequecy characteristic of research reflection wave: the time window avoid ground roll district and linear disturbance district, the scope of selecting window is decided on the position that reflection wave in the record occurs, and should be the function of time and geophone offset; (3) feature of objective interval: according to the position at the zone of interest place in exploratory area, become, the time window of space-variant the frequency distribution state of useful signal and interference wave on the research purpose interval when determining.
2. frequency band range chooses
When adopting the present invention to carry out characteristic parameter extraction, carry out in certain frequency band usually, choosing on the type of seismic event in the frequency span of basic data and the data of frequency band decided.As when analyzing the frequency distribution rule of ground roll, frequency band range can be selected in 3-20Hz; But when analyzing the frequecy characteristic of effective reflection, mode that can octave is selected frequency band range, that is: 15-30Hz, 20-40Hz, 30-60Hz, 40-80Hz, 50-100Hz etc.; Also can be chosen in the scope inner analysis of dominant frequency band, that is: 20-60Hz, 30-80Hz etc.; For special interference, can select frequency band range targetedly, as the desirable 100-180hz of high frequency interference; Disturb desirable 45-55Hz or 40-60Hz for industrial electro.
The spectrum result that the geological data that uses the inventive method to obtain is handled has the following advantages:
(1) spectrum precision height, because adopted the mode statistical computation spectrum value of random perturbation, and the spectral amplitude value is stored in the seismic trace in the mode of data (notes the difference of sampling interval), be convenient to adopt the data comparative analysis in colored demonstration or visual way and original T-X territory;
(2) characteristic parameter of Ti Quing is sane, can represent the comprehensive characteristics of the data set of analyzing (big gun collection or detection point set), and deposit in the trace header in the mode of numerical value, can curve, the mode of curved surface or color plane shows, so that, carry out synthetic study with other characteristic parameters (as face of land elevation curve, low velocity layer speed and thickness, static correction value curve, energy distribution curve etc.) contrast.
(3) analysis of spectrum speed is fast, and after the analyst determined analyst coverage, parameter, the earth's surface-consistent spectrum was estimated and statistics is finished by Automatic Program, is applicable to the frequency analysis or the large-area three-dimensional data analysis of the mass data of high-density acquisition.
Below accompanying drawing is explained in detail.
Fig. 1 is the analysis of spectrum map in the OMEGA system, and horizontal ordinate is Taoist monastic name (TRACE NUM) among Fig. 1 (a), and ordinate is time (Time (ms)), and horizontal ordinate is frequency (Frequency (Hz)) among Fig. 1 (b), and ordinate is Taoist monastic name (TRACENUM); Horizontal ordinate is that frequency (Frequency (Hz)) ordinate is amplitude (Amplitude) among Fig. 1 (c).Can count the spectral amplitude of input big gun record, this mode is suitable for point analysis, can not carry out the contrast between big gun and the big gun easily, and spectral amplitude is only drawn in the mode of curve, and the frequency between the big gun or between the road and the quantitative relationship of energy are difficult to embody.For the mass data of high-density acquisition, the workload that prestack is analyzed is very big, need carry out laterally and the contrast of direction in space, and sane fast analysis of spectrum and demonstration are the foundations of processing parameter analysis and selection.
Fig. 2 is the line common receiver collection analysis of spectrum result of this method after handling.Horizontal ordinate is detection period (SRF_SLOC), and ordinate is frequency (Frequency (Hz)).The frequency transformation situation of 560 geophone stations on survey line as can be seen: 2951-2970 crosses small lake at geophone station, and winter construction produces serious interference on ice, and the bandwidth of interference wave can reach 200Hz, and energy is strong; The frequency ranges of data broad that geophone station 3000-3260 section receives, but also be subjected to the influence of surface elevation change; Geophone station 3300 is to the survey line afterbody, and shot point and acceptance point be all in the high-order bit, causes that the geological data frequency band narrows down, energy weakens.
By to receiving the statistical spectral analysis of point set altogether, the situation of change of data frequency and energy and clear with the corresponding relation of surface conditions comes into plain view on the full survey line, can reach the purpose of express-analysis.
Analysis of spectrum during application example: GA area fidelity is handled
According to the requirement of this district's Data Processing task, seismic data will carry out meticulous pre-stack time migration to be handled, and requires section to have higher signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) and resolution, can satisfy follow-up reservoir prediction and hydro carbons and detect the needs of handling.
Because the fidelity that this district's geological tasks is handled data is had relatively high expectations, quality monitoring and data analysis are very important.Conventional analytical approach is often looked for the very crux of inaccurate problem, and analyst coverage is not comprehensive.After adopting this method that the data processing procedure has been carried out the all-the-way tracking monitoring, by diagnosis, found the problem of each link in handling, found the ND problem of other softwares, be on some frequency band special disturbing effect the effect of normal process, reduced the precision of handling.For this reason, we have taked iteration frequency division noise-removed technology targetedly, have readjusted treatment scheme, have obtained good effect.
Fig. 3 (a) and (b), (c), (d) are the result of the frequency spectrum trace analysis of shot gather data in the processing procedure, and horizontal ordinate is big gun period (SOU_SLOC), and ordinate is frequency (Frequency (Hz)).Can clearly be seen that 50Hz serious between the 2310-2420 big gun, 150Hz interference wave from spectrum, laterally the difference of frequency, energy can be analyzed out apace between big gun.Fig. 5 is the result of the frequency spectrum trace analysis of detection point set data in the processing procedure, and the high frequency interference that geophone station causes unusually is than showing more significantly on the big gun collection.Processing at the detection point set in the processing should be more careful, and monitoring analysis is refinement more also.Fig. 4 (a) and (b), (c), (d) are the frequency spectrum trace analysis result of common receiver collection data in the processing procedure, and horizontal ordinate is detection period (SRF_SLOC), and ordinate is the variation that frequency (Hz) is found out data frequency composition in the processing procedure.
Fig. 5 (a) is the frequency data of original detection point set, and horizontal ordinate is detection period (SRF_SLOC), and ordinate is frequency (Hz).Curve on the figure is the crest frequency in the 40-60Hz frequency band, ordinate is frequency values (Hz), on the crest frequency curve, can clearly be seen that the geophone station position that the 50Hz industrial noise occurs, between 2196-2235, to the locational The data time domain of these geophone stations monochromatic damped system compacting industrial noise, and by deconvolution broadening frequency ranges of data, its result is shown in 5 (b).Adopt the banded amount fractional analysis technology among the present invention, can reflect the feature of different frequency bands data fast, wherein the problem of Cun Zaiing can clearly show, and has stronger specific aim.
Treatment people is in conjunction with these frequency map and quantitation curve, adopt treatment measures targetedly, under the situation that guarantees signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio), improve resolution as far as possible, make the seismic section data obtain effect preferably, effective band is brought up to 8-80Hz (see that Fig. 6 (a), Fig. 6 (b) horizontal ordinate are CDP number, ordinate is time (ms)) from 10-55Hz.
As above-mentioned, the clear earth's surface-consistent mass data spectrum method of estimation that has described the present invention's proposition in detail.Although the present invention is described and explained to the preferred embodiments of the present invention in detail, but this area those skilled in the art be appreciated that, under the situation of the spirit and scope of the present invention that do not deviate from the claims definition, can in form and details, make multiple modification.
Claims (3)
1. method of utilizing earth's surface-consistent spectrum analysis technique processing seismic data, it may further comprise the steps:
1) survey line and emplacement are arranged in the preliminary in the open air area of determining that has oily to wish, use explosive source or ground vibroseis earthquake-wave-exciting, and with seismograph the propagation of seismic wave situation are noted;
2) the frequency change rule on the research shot gather data: elect the data branch as the big gun collection, window Wa-Wb when on big gun data, selecting according to the purpose of research, geological data is x
k(i, j); I is the time sequence number, and j is a sequence number, and k is the big gun sequence number, and wherein each one-channel record is x (i);
3) analyze the time window section on, get 100ms with interior disturbance, form m data segment, m generally gets 3-5; According to window length (number of samples of Wb-Wa+10 * n)/SI, the time window two ends add linear slope, and zero padding is long to the road of raw data, wherein n is the random number between the 0-10, SI is a sampling interval; The data of window section are done the Fourier conversion during to the m after the disturbance, adopt formula (1) to calculate the spectral amplitude of single track data, and the data after the disturbance are asked on average, obtain the spectral amplitude A (f) of x (i);
In the formula: x
j(t
i) be the input seismic trace,
t
iBe the time,
J=1,2 ... m is the road sequence number after the random perturbation,
A (f) is the spectrum results estimated,
F is a frequency;
Calculate the A that the big gun collection is recorded in selected scope Nei Gedao
k(f, j), can adopt the estimation mode of a big gun data spectrum according to the feature of data:
The statistical average of lump feature is described, i.e. mathematical expectation:, can adopt the manner if data are normal distribution:
A
k(f)＝E[A
k(f，j)] (2)
In the formula: A
k(f j) is the spectrum estimated result in k big gun, j road,
K is the big gun sequence number,
J is a sequence number,
A
k(f) be the spectrum results estimated,
F is a frequency;
4) the spectrum results estimated of big gun record is left in as a result in the road;
5) take off a big gun record, repeat (3) (4), up to the analysis of spectrum of finishing all big gun records;
6) data are sorted into the detection point set, the situation of change of data frequency on the research detection point set: window when selecting on same geophone station data according to the purpose of analyzing, geological data is x
1(i, j); I is the time sequence number, and j is a sequence number, and 1 is the geophone station sequence number,
7) process that data spectrum is estimated on the detection point set is with (3);
8) take off a geophone station record, repeat (3) (4), up to the analysis of spectrum of finishing all detection point set records;
9) for every big gun time domain record of forming by some roads or each geophone station time domain record of forming by some roads, by step 1) to step 7), the frequency information of this shot point or this geophone station just can be represented with 1 road, surface infrastructure with the spectrum estimated result in whole piece survey line or whole work area during with field acquisition is corresponding, can access its regularity;
10) according to established data frequency distribution rule, select data processing method and definite rational processing parameter and flow process targetedly, improve the magnanimity earthquake processing accuracy with speed, reduce noise, take this to bring to obtain high-precision stratigraphic section and definite oil-bearing formation position by the identification active zone.
2. according to the process of claim 1 wherein in above-mentioned (2) formula, can select sane relatively intermediate value,, can adopt if there is exceptional value to distribute in the data:
A
k(f)＝median[A
k(f，j)] (3)
3. according to the process of claim 1 wherein in above-mentioned (2) formula, can select sane relatively intermediate value, be averaged again, can adopt α-TRIM to estimate if there is exceptional value to distribute in the data:
A
k(f)＝α-trim[A
k(f，j)] (4)
If wherein parameter is chosen as 20%, the spectrum that is about to each road in big gun data or the selected scope of detection point set data sorts on same frequency sampling point, remove 10% of minimum, remove 10% of maximum, with 80% data of centre on average as the value on this frequency sampling point, frequency computation part until cutoff frequency, obtains this big gun or geophone station data frequency value one by one.
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