CN100429527C - Three-dimensional seismic data processing quality monitoring technology - Google Patents
Three-dimensional seismic data processing quality monitoring technology Download PDFInfo
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- CN100429527C CN100429527C CNB2005100567643A CN200510056764A CN100429527C CN 100429527 C CN100429527 C CN 100429527C CN B2005100567643 A CNB2005100567643 A CN B2005100567643A CN 200510056764 A CN200510056764 A CN 200510056764A CN 100429527 C CN100429527 C CN 100429527C
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a three-dimensional seismic data processing quality monitoring technique which comprises the steps that a time window is selected, and the frequency is analyzed; the fast Fourier transformation is carried out on all seismic paths of a certain cannon in the time window so as to obtain the transformation result of the path data in the frequency field; the frequency field median filtering is carried out on all seismic paths of the same cannon so as to obtain the results of statistic excitation energy or the noise disturbance amount of the cannon; the calculation results of all cannons are respectively drawn on a plane graph of each cannon point so as to monitor the three-dimensional excitation energy or noise disturbance; the normalization autocorrelation is carried out on all seismic paths of a certain cannon of the seismic data; the autocorrelation of all of the seismic paths of the same cannon is counted and totalized so as to obtain the result of statistic autocorrelation of the cannon; the zero crossing time of the statistic autocorrelation of the cannon is searched, and the zero crossing time of all of the cannons are drawn on the plane position of each cannon point so as to complete the excitation wavelet monitoring. The present invention has the advantages of small calculation data quantity, high calculation speed, strong anti-interference capability and stable and reliable result.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the geophysical prospecting for oil technology, specifically is a kind of three-dimensional seismic data processing quality monitoring technology.
Technical background
Oil seismic exploration is to utilize manual method to produce seismic event, by the propagation condition of research seismic event in subterranean strata, and prospecting subsurface geological structure and formation variations, a kind of geophysical exploration method of searching oil gas field.Seismic prospecting can be divided into seismic data acquisition, seismic data processing, three big links of seismic data interpretation.
Seismic data acquisition is to produce seismic event by artificial method, uses explosive source on land usually, beats a bite shallow well at selected shot point, and well depth is generally 6-30 rice.The dose of explosive is generally the 1-25 kilogram, and the electric detonator of packing into is put into the shaft bottom, and fired charge produces seismic event.Receive instrument record by the caused ground vibration signal of the underground seismic event that reflects with surface seismic then, and be recorded on the tape, offer indoor computing center and carry out subsequent treatment.
What seismic data was handled mainly is the communication theory of base area seismic wave, utilize equipment and corresponding seismic data process softwares such as robot calculator, the original earthquake data of field acquisition is carried out various processing handle, with information such as the seismic amplitude of " seismic cross-section " that obtain to reflect subsurface geologic structures and the variation of reflection subsurface rock, frequency, velocity of propagation.Be used to study subsurface geological structure, seek favourable oil and gas bearing trap, determine the drilling well well location.
The seismic data processing procedure mainly comprises: (1) pre-service: at first be the original earthquake data of field acquisition to be separated compile or Data Format Transform, the original earthquake data of different-format record is converted to the data layout that is fit to data processing system; Next is to load recording geometry information, exactly the relevant observation information of field acquisition is charged to seismologic record trace header or specific database, as: the spread geometry of sp location, acceptance point position, face of land absolute elevation, reception wave detector etc.In addition, also do processing such as pre-filtering, field statics according to actual conditions.(2) deconvolution: because the earth filtering effect excites the seismic wavelet that is produced can to reduce gradually at the communication process medium frequency, perdurability is elongated gradually, and the purpose of deconvolution is compressed seismic wavelet exactly, improves the resolution characteristic of seismic data.(3) level stack: comprise two key steps: velocity analysis and normal moveout correction, because the geophone offset difference of the each observation of same reflection spot, the path of seismic wave propagation and distance are also inequality, the reflection wave of each observation station record reaches the time and there are differences, this time difference is relevant with the degree of depth of formation velocity and reflecting interface, is called normal moveout.The purpose of velocity analysis and normal moveout correction is exactly to eliminate the normal moveout influence that different geophone offsets cause, and the recording channel of underground same reflection spot is carried out improving the signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) of seismic data with superimposed.(4) skew playback: in horizontal stacked section, the reflection wave of inclination reflecting interface and fault surface can depart from its space actual position, and diffracted wave is also very strong in the horizontal in addition stacked section.The purpose of skew is exactly to realize the space playback of reflection wave, reflection wave is displaced on the position of its real space, and makes the diffracted wave convergence.
By data processing, can become the geological data of field acquisition can explain for the explanation personnel, can reflect the seismic section of subsurface geologic structures and relevant earthquake information (as speed, amplitude, frequency etc.).
The purpose that seismic data is handled is the process that geological data is eliminated the false and retained the true, and final acquisition can truly reflect the effective information of subsurface geology situation.Therefore, high-quality seismic data is the key of oil-gas exploration success.At first high-quality field acquisition is the basis of seismic prospecting success, if there is major defect in raw data, then can remedy without any way.Secondly, seismic data is handled and is comprised various disposal routes and treatment step, the deviation of each step, and the unreasonable of processing parameter all can influence final treatment effect.Therefore, the quality monitoring that each step of Data Processing process is carried out strictness, science is the successful important step of exploration.
The general two dimension that adopts of early earthquake exploration is explored, article one, survey line has only the hundreds of big gun usually, every big gun is gathered the road number and is had only tens roads, in handling, seismic data generally monitors by the pure wave big gun collection of drawing total data, do like this and can more comprehensively monitor earthquake data quality, but along with the 3-d seismic exploration widespread use, make a 3-D seismics that several thousand big guns even several ten thousand big guns generally all be arranged, the reception channel number of each big gun also reaches several thousand roads or road up to ten thousand, if the pure wave big gun collection of drawing total data is monitored the size and the difference of every gun excitation energy, for three-dimensional data with several thousand big guns and even several ten thousand big guns, this means needs a large amount of drawing and manual analysis, its workload is huge, is difficult to realize.As, one 100 square kilometres three-dimensional exploration block is pressed standard proportional and is drawn a shot gather data, and the length of map will almost can not be accomplished in practice above 10 kilometers.
Therefore, in actual treatment, only draw part reference mark shot gather data at present, every tens in addition the hundreds of big gun draw the mass change that a big gun comes monitor data.This method for supervising can not really reflect existing problem in the data, is difficult to reach the purpose of full appreciation data and monitor data.
In addition, quality and treatment effect to seismic data when detecting mainly rely on individual's experience to carry out evaluation analysis, and the human factor influence is bigger, makes final process result vary with each individual, and wastes time and energy, and is difficult to reach best monitoring effect.
The content of invention
The invention provides a kind of can not draw or few condition of drawing under to three-dimensional data by big gun quality monitoring, reach fast effectively and convenient three-dimensional data quality control method accurately.
The present invention is by the following technical solutions:
Three-dimensional seismic data processing quality monitoring technology adopts following steps:
1) according to selected analysis window (zone of interest position or interference wave position) of the needs of monitoring and analysis frequency (reflection dominant frequency or interference wave frequency);
2) each seismic trace of a certain big gun of geological data is done fast Fourier transform in selected analysis window, obtain the transformation results of each track data in frequency field;
3) all seismic traces of same big gun are done the frequency field medium filtering, obtain the statistics excitation energy or the noise amount result of this big gun;
4) on the planimetric position figure that the excitation energy or the noise result of calculation of all big guns is plotted to each shot point,
ByThe reservoir position
Spatial variations two dimensional analysis figureFinish the plane monitoring of three-dimensional excitation energy or noise.
5) each seismic trace of a certain big gun of geological data is done normalized autocorrelation in selected analysis window, obtain the auto-correlation result of each track data;
6), obtain the statistics auto-correlation result of this big gun to the auto-correlation statistics summation of all seismic traces of same big gun;
When 7) seeking this big gun and add up autocorrelative zero crossing, the result is plotted on the planimetric position of each shot point during with the zero crossing of all big guns, finishes the plane monitoring of three-dimensional excitation wavelet.
The present invention is also by the following technical solutions:
Excitation energy, interfering energy adopt following formula to calculate:
Wherein: x
Ij(t)-seismic channel data of gathering
(i=1,2, Λ N big gun collection number; J=j
1, Λ j
2Big gun collection inner analysis Taoist monastic name; T=t
1Λ t
2Sampling point in the analysis window)
A
i TF(f)---and the big gun collection statistics energy of time frequency analysis (f---be analysis frequency)
Excitation wavelet detection method of the present invention is calculated by following formula:
Wherein: x
Ij(t)---seismic channel data
(i=1,2, Λ N big gun collection number; J=j
1Λ j
2Big gun collection inner analysis Taoist monastic name; T=t
1Λ t
2Sampling point in the analysis window)
T
i(l)---during zero crossing when being zero crossing (1 number of samples); τ---the simple crosscorrelation time;
Find{}---when seeking zero crossing;
Analysis frequency is chosen, and is 20-35Hz during significant wave, is 8-15Hz during the low frequency ground roll, and the industrial noise ripple is 50Hz, and the high frequency interference ripple is more than the 100Hz.
Carry out the energy spectrometer of high frequency interference by information before the first arrival.
The present invention is owing to adopt analysis window to carry out analytical calculation, and the computational data amount is little, and computing velocity is fast, and adopts the frequency field median filtering algorithm to improve the antijamming capability of this method, makes result of calculation more reliable and more stable.
The present invention is not drawing as far as possible and is lacking to finish under the condition of drawing whole three-dimensional data pursued the gun excitation energy spectrometer by selecting analysis window (zone of interest position) and analysis frequency (reflection dominant frequency).
The present invention uses in gathering, handling, and processing of seismic data result obviously improves, and it is higher to monitor the well location drilling well success ratio that the result of processing provides by the present invention.
On the basis of pursuing the big gun energy spectrometer, can therefrom select representative (preferably with the poorest) big gun collection (or detection point set) data according to analysis result and further add up quantitative test, can adopt simultaneously these reference mark big gun (or geophone station) collection to carry out the quality monitoring of processing procedure, thereby reach effective and economic quality monitoring whole three-dimensional data.
Description of drawings:
Fig. 1 is three-dimensional excitation energy two dimensional analysis;
Fig. 2 analyzes for control shot point excitation energy;
Fig. 3 is the three-dimensional statistical study of high frequency interference;
Fig. 4 is that high frequency interference reference mark big gun collection shows;
Fig. 5 analyzes for the excitation wavelet three-dimensional planar;
Fig. 6 is the autocorrelation analysis of control line statistics.
Embodiment
The principal element that influences earthquake data quality has excitation energy, excitation wavelet and noise etc.
Excitation energy directly reflects the state when exciting, and it can reflect the near surface lithology that excites, the difference that excites factors such as the degree of depth and explosive effect.The change of excitation energy will influence seismic amplitude, wavelet frequency, sub-wave phase etc.; Thereby directly influence the effect of seismic imaging and the precision of inverting reservoir information.It is that fidelity is handled one of important evidence of monitoring that the excitation energy of analyzing data in processing effectively changes.
Excitation wavelet is the important information of identification oil and gas reservoir spatial variations in seismic inversion, when the high-resolution seismic survey lithological reservoir exploration, excites the quality of seismic wavelet will directly influence the success ratio of exploration.The factor that influences excitation wavelet in collection is a lot, for example excitation well depth, excite lithology and excite dose etc.These factors can cause the spatial variations of excitation wavelet, have a strong impact on the ability of seismic recognition formation variations.Therefore, the variation of analyzing several thousand gun excitation wavelets rapidly and accurately is a crucial step in handling.
The quality of seismic imaging also the be interfered influence, the particularly influence of high frequency interference energy of ripple.These high frequency interference do not decay with the increase of writing time, therefore, under the effect of attenuation by earth absorption, must cause the reduction of reflection wave signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) with the increase of propagation distance and frequency.This also is to cause the high-frequency seism data to be difficult to the one of the main reasons of imaging.
Because above problem needs monitoring and analyzes interfering energy and high frequency signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) in high-resolution acquisition with in handling, could predict finally can obtainable seismic imaging resolution.
The time-frequency domain analytical approach that to the effect that adopted of the present invention has realized the new method of three-dimensional quick quality monitoring.
Concrete implementing method of the present invention is at first the raw data of field acquisition to be carried out three-dimensional quality monitoring fast.Detect comprising three-dimensional excitation energy detection, the detection of three-dimensional interfering energy and three-dimensional excitation wavelet.
Three-dimensional excitation energy detection method fast of the present invention and three-dimensional interfering energy detection method fast adopt following formula to calculate (shown in the formula (1)).
Wherein: x
Ij(t)-seismic channel data of gathering
(i=1,2, Λ N big gun collection number; J=j
1, Λ j
2Big gun collection inner analysis Taoist monastic name; T=t
1Λ t
2Sampling point in the analysis window)
A
i TF(f)---and the big gun collection statistics energy of time frequency analysis (f---be analysis frequency)
The physical meaning of formula (1) is that each seismic trace of a certain big gun of geological data is done fast Fourier transform in selected analysis window, obtains the transformation results of each track data in frequency field.Then the frequency field medium filtering is done in all roads of same big gun, promptly obtained the statistics energy result of this each frequency of big gun.At last select the statistics energy of required analysis frequency, the result of calculation of all big guns is plotted on the planimetric position of each shot point, promptly finished the plane monitoring of three-dimensional excitation energy according to analyzing needs.This method is owing to adopt analysis window to carry out analytical calculation, and the computational data amount is little, and computing velocity is fast, and adopts the frequency field median filtering algorithm to improve the antijamming capability of this method, makes result of calculation more reliable and more stable
When adding up autocorrelative zero crossing by formula (2), the three-dimensional excitation wavelet detection method fast of the present invention carried out the monitoring analysis of excitation wavelet.
Wherein: x
Ij(t)---seismic channel data
(i=1,2, Λ N big gun collection number; J=j
1Λ j
2Big gun collection inner analysis Taoist monastic name; T=t
1Λ t
2Sampling point in the analysis window)
T
i(l)---during zero crossing when being zero crossing (1 number of samples); τ---the simple crosscorrelation time;
Find{}---when seeking zero crossing;
The physical meaning of formula (2) is that each seismic trace of a certain big gun of geological data is done normalized autocorrelation in selected analysis window, obtains the auto-correlation result of each track data.To the auto-correlation statistics summation in all roads of same big gun, obtain the statistics auto-correlation result of this big gun then.When seeking this big gun at last and adding up autocorrelative zero crossing, the result is plotted on the planimetric position of each shot point during with the zero crossing of all big guns, has promptly finished the plane monitoring of three-dimensional excitation wavelet.
Above 3 D monitoring analytical approach is removed the acquired original data is carried out monitoring analysis, outside the acquisition quality information that obtains raw data, in the processing procedure afterwards, all to carry out corresponding monitoring analysis, to guarantee the processing quality in each step to the result in each step.
Embodiment of the invention Fig. 1 tries to achieve the spatial variations two dimensional analysis figure of three-dimensional data in the excitation energy at reservoir position fast according to formula (1).Obviously there is some difference to be somebody's turn to do the excitation energy of distinguishing image data as can be seen from the excitation energy planimetric map.
By plane excitation energy variation diagram, we select shot point A, B, C and D is analysis and Control point big gun collection, carries out quantitative test and handles the quality purpose that monitoring reaches the whole three-dimensional data of monitoring according to the shot gather data of analysis and Control point.
More than single big gun pure wave of control shot point A, B, C and D shows as shown in Figure 2.Can obviously find out from the reference mark shot gather data that shows, the A that excites at the position, sand dune and the energy of D gun excitation are obviously greater than B that excites in the farmland district and C big gun, the dose that excites in the sand dune district as can be known by field acquisition information is 4 kilograms, and the dose that excites in the farmland district is 3 kilograms, and obviously excitation energy difference is mainly owing to excite dose difference to cause.Also weak as can be seen amplitude excites the part in the farmland district from three-dimensional excitation energy analysis chart (Fig. 1), and strong amplitude excites in the sand dune district.
According to above excitation energy quantitative analysis, we have obtained the Changing Pattern of excitation energy in the space, determine the quantitative values of the maximum relative different of excitation energy in this three-dimensional data simultaneously according to the statistics quantitative test of reference mark shot gather data.Thereby can utilize minimum monitoring shot gather data to reach whole three-dimensional (several thousand-several ten thousand big guns) data of monitoring, realize purpose the processing procedure quality monitoring and the treatment effect monitoring of whole three-dimensional data.
The present invention adopts the energy spectrometer that carries out high frequency interference by information application of formula (1) before the first arrival.
Fig. 3 provides the three dimensional analysis result of certain three-dimensional data 100Hz interfering energy.Can find out that there is high frequency interference energy in various degree in the geological data of gathering at diverse location.Wherein, the high frequency interference energy is strong in the farmland district, sand dune district high frequency interference energy relatively a little less than.This shows that mainly (the humane interference is meant high frequency interference: the various interference such as object for example automobile, train etc., 50Hz industrial electro, and blowing and raining of advancing in the ground environment) from the humanity interference.
According to three-D high frequency interfering energy analysis chart, select A, B, C, D four big guns to carry out pure wave and show as shown in Figure 4.Can find out that humane high frequency interference difference is tangible.Obviously, humane high frequency interference is the principal element that influences farmland district high-resolution imaging.In improving resolution processes, should carry out necessary monitoring analysis at this problem, to guarantee in improving resolution processes, not strengthen the influence of high frequency interference to above control big gun.
In addition, the present invention can also carry out the 3 D monitoring analysis to the information of low frequency surface wave interference, the interference of 50Hz industrial electro and other type by selecting different analysis window and analysis frequency.
Fig. 5 can find out obviously that according to the spatial variations of certain three-dimensional data excitation wavelet of formula (2) calculating there are notable difference in sand dune district and farmland district excitation wavelet.For reflecting the otherness of space excitation wavelet, select following control line to carry out quality monitoring.Fig. 6 selects the statistics auto-correlation of control big gun line to analyse the result.Obviously, the statistics auto-correlation of controlling the big gun line from Fig. 6 is the situation of change of space excitation wavelet as can be seen, is positioned at the wavelet that the sand dune district excites, and frequency is relatively low.Be positioned at the wavelet that the farmland district excites, frequency is higher relatively.The principal element that influences the excitation wavelet variation is that the difference of excitation well depth causes, and promptly has the influence of ghosting difference, also may have the difference that excites lithology simultaneously.
By above analysis to excitation wavelet as can be seen, the excitation wavelet in sand dune district and farmland district is different.As can not well eliminating the spatial variations of excitation wavelet, will cause the explanation of inverting and waveform clustering to lose meaning, and the illusion that causes lithological change.Therefore, in the processing procedure that improves resolution, the excitation wavelet of the above control of strict monitoring big gun line to change, to reach the purpose of relative maintenance waveform.
Claims (2)
1, a kind of three-dimensional seismic data processing quality monitoring technology at first carries out three-dimensional quality monitoring fast to the raw data of field acquisition, comprises that three-dimensional excitation energy detects, three-dimensional interfering energy detects and three-dimensional excitation wavelet detects, and its feature adopts following steps:
1) according to selected analysis window of the needs of monitoring and analysis frequency;
2) each seismic trace of a certain big gun of geological data is done fast Fourier transform in selected analysis window, obtain the transformation results of each track data in frequency field;
3) all seismic traces of same big gun are done the frequency field medium filtering, obtain the statistics excitation energy or the noise amount result of this big gun;
Excitation energy, interfering energy adopt following formula to calculate:
Wherein: x
Ij(t)-seismic channel data of gathering
(i=1,2, Λ N big gun collection number; J=j
1, Λ j
2Big gun collection inner analysis Taoist monastic name; T=t
1Λ t
2Sampling point in the analysis window)
A
i TF(f)---the big gun collection statistics energy of time frequency analysis (f---be analysis frequency),
Analysis frequency is chosen, and is 20-35Hz during significant wave, is 8-15Hz during the low frequency ground roll, and the industrial noise ripple is 50Hz, and the high frequency interference ripple is more than the 100Hz;
4) on the planimetric position figure that the excitation energy or the noise result of calculation of all big guns is plotted to each shot point, monitor three-dimensional excitation energy or noise by the spatial variations planimetric map at reservoir position;
The excitation wavelet detection method is calculated by following formula:
Wherein: x
Ij(t)---seismic channel data
(i=1,2, Λ N big gun collection number; J=j
1, Λ j
2Big gun collection inner analysis Taoist monastic name; T=t
1Λ t
2Sampling point in the analysis window)
T
i(l)---during zero crossing when being zero crossing (1 number of samples); τ---the simple crosscorrelation time;
Find{}---when seeking zero crossing;
5) each seismic trace of a certain big gun of geological data is done normalized autocorrelation in selected analysis window, obtain the auto-correlation result of each track data;
6), obtain the statistics auto-correlation result of this big gun to the auto-correlation statistics summation of all seismic traces of same big gun;
When 7) seeking this big gun and add up autocorrelative zero crossing, the result is plotted on the planimetric position of each shot point during with the zero crossing of all big guns, finishes the plane monitoring of three-dimensional excitation wavelet.
2, a kind of three-dimensional seismic data processing quality monitoring technology according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the energy spectrometer that carries out high frequency interference by information before the first arrival.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| US7660674B2 (en) * | 2007-08-02 | 2010-02-09 | Chevron U.S.A. | Method for determining seismic data quality |
| CN102288995A (en) * | 2011-07-11 | 2011-12-21 | 中国石油化工集团公司 | Seismic exploration collection quality quantitative analysis evaluation system |
| CN103245973B (en) * | 2012-02-07 | 2016-05-25 | 中国石油天然气集团公司 | A kind of method of eliminating marine seismic data wave noise jamming |
| CN104765069B (en) * | 2014-01-03 | 2017-06-16 | 中国石油集团东方地球物理勘探有限责任公司 | A kind of method for suppressing the adjacent big gun interference of simultaneous shot collection |
| CN104133239A (en) * | 2014-07-29 | 2014-11-05 | 中国石油集团川庆钻探工程有限公司地球物理勘探公司 | Method for defining earthquake single-shot record target stratum time window |
| CN106646592B (en) * | 2015-10-29 | 2019-01-22 | 中石化石油工程地球物理有限公司胜利分公司 | The real-time stacking method of single shot record |
| CN105785441B (en) * | 2016-03-07 | 2018-07-03 | 郑鸿明 | The Analysis signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) method of seismic data |
| CN107255836B (en) * | 2017-07-13 | 2019-02-05 | 中国石油天然气集团公司 | Multi-component earthquake data filtering method based on vector mixing distance-taxis |
| CN107664778B (en) * | 2017-08-24 | 2019-11-08 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | The determination method and apparatus of earthquake data quality |
| CN109031418A (en) * | 2018-07-17 | 2018-12-18 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | A kind of earthquake collection quality analysis method and device |
| CN112379412B (en) * | 2020-11-02 | 2024-03-26 | 中国石油天然气集团有限公司 | Quality monitoring method and device for collecting seismic data |
| CN117233839B (en) * | 2023-11-10 | 2024-01-26 | 山东科技大学 | Method, system and equipment for quality control of three-dimensional space of seismic data ground absorption attenuation |
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| WO2002027355A2 (en) * | 2000-09-26 | 2002-04-04 | Westerngeco, L.L.C. | Quality control cube for seismic data |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1164651A (en) * | 1996-10-29 | 1997-11-12 | 中国石油天然气总公司西北地质研究所 | Seislog multiple information reservoir parameter inversion method |
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| WO2002027355A2 (en) * | 2000-09-26 | 2002-04-04 | Westerngeco, L.L.C. | Quality control cube for seismic data |
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