CN112379412B - Quality monitoring method and device for collecting seismic data - Google Patents
Quality monitoring method and device for collecting seismic data Download PDFInfo
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- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 103
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 70
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 238000003908 quality control method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 claims description 20
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- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
- G01V1/24—Recording seismic data
- G01V1/247—Digital recording of seismic data, e.g. in acquisition units or nodes
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
- G01V1/16—Receiving elements for seismic signals; Arrangements or adaptations of receiving elements
- G01V1/20—Arrangements of receiving elements, e.g. geophone pattern
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
- G01V1/24—Recording seismic data
- G01V1/26—Reference-signal-transmitting devices, e.g. indicating moment of firing of shot
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Abstract
The invention provides a quality monitoring method and a device for collecting seismic data, wherein the method comprises the following steps: before three-dimensional seismic acquisition, arrangement and rolling, monitoring excitation signals and external noise when a two-dimensional survey line pair node instrument acquires seismic data; in the three-dimensional seismic acquisition, arrangement and rolling process, node quality control QC data of a three-dimensional seismic node acquisition system are utilized to monitor the working state of node equipment of the three-dimensional seismic node acquisition system; in the three-dimensional seismic acquisition, arrangement and rolling process, monitoring a seismic source excitation signal during acquisition of a three-dimensional seismic node acquisition system by utilizing the common receiving point gather seismic data; in the three-dimensional seismic acquisition, arrangement and rolling process, external noise and the integrity of the acquired seismic data are monitored by utilizing common shot point seismic data. The quality monitoring of the seismic data acquired by the three-dimensional seismic node acquisition system is realized, and the quality risk of the seismic data is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of petroleum seismic exploration data acquisition, in particular to a quality monitoring method and device for acquiring seismic data.
Background
Seismic exploration is the main method for searching and exploring petroleum and natural gas, and the main work comprises three steps of seismic data acquisition, processing and interpretation. Seismic data acquisition is essentially performed using a seismic signal receiving and recording system. Conventionally, a device for sensing the seismic signals is called a geophone, a device for collecting and recording the seismic signals is called a seismic prospecting instrument (or seismic recording instrument), and the geophone and the seismic prospecting instrument work together to realize a complete seismic data collecting function, so that the device is an inseparable whole; in view of the system, in order to meet the development requirement, the seismic signal sensing and collecting devices mainly comprising geophones and seismic prospecting instruments are collectively called as a seismic data collecting system (simply called a collecting system). Seismic data acquisition systems are classified into wired and wireless.
The wireless seismograph station is not connected by a cable, and is divided into a real-time data return (wireless communication) system and a node acquisition system. The node acquisition system mainly comprises two parts of a field node unit and a data recovery system. The field node unit is composed of a collection station, a detector, a battery and the like, and can be in a split type or integrated into a whole in a mutually separated working mode. The field node acquisition unit is internally provided with a GPS, and the synchronization of the acquisition station and the seismic source is kept through GPS timing; the collected seismic data are stored in a collection station, and all seismic collected data can be recovered at one time by using a data recovery device when the data are required to be collected. The node system breaks away from the traditional real-time acquisition and real-time transmission mode, can theoretically realize the large-channel number seismic data acquisition operation without channel number limitation, and meets the requirement of large-channel number seismic acquisition. The node instrument has the advantages that a data transmission cable is not needed, continuous acquisition is realized, the high-efficiency operation requirements of mountain areas, urban areas and areas needing special permission can be met, and the node instrument is particularly convenient to arrange and lay in the areas such as Chong mountain drastic mountains, loess tablelands, farmland water nets and the like; the method can adapt to any region and high-efficiency construction mode. The node unit has the advantages of light weight, low cost, safety, environmental protection and reduced labor and mechanical cost of arrangement.
However, the node instruments have wide distribution range and cannot be examined one by one, so that the quality of the collected seismic data cannot be monitored, and the risk of losing system equipment is high especially in cities and densely populated areas. If the equipment is not found in time after being lost, the loss of the seismic data is caused, the recovery cannot be carried out, and the quality risk of the seismic data exists.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention provides a quality monitoring method for collecting seismic data, which is used for monitoring the quality of the seismic data and reducing the quality risk of the seismic data, and comprises the following steps:
before three-dimensional seismic acquisition, arrangement and rolling, monitoring excitation signals and external noise when a two-dimensional survey line pair node instrument acquires seismic data;
in the three-dimensional seismic acquisition, arrangement and rolling process, node quality control QC data of a three-dimensional seismic node acquisition system are utilized to monitor the working state of node equipment of the three-dimensional seismic node acquisition system;
in the three-dimensional seismic acquisition, arrangement and rolling process, monitoring a seismic source excitation signal during acquisition of a three-dimensional seismic node acquisition system by utilizing the common receiving point gather seismic data;
in the three-dimensional seismic acquisition, arrangement and rolling process, external noise and the integrity of the acquired seismic data are monitored by utilizing common shot point seismic data.
The embodiment of the invention also provides a quality monitoring device for collecting the seismic data, which is used for monitoring the quality of the seismic data and reducing the quality risk of the seismic data, and comprises the following steps:
the excitation signal and external noise monitoring module is used for monitoring the excitation signal and external noise when the node instrument collects the seismic data by utilizing the two-dimensional survey line before the three-dimensional seismic collection arrangement rolls;
the node equipment working state monitoring module is used for monitoring the node equipment working state of the three-dimensional earthquake node acquisition system by utilizing node quality control QC data of the three-dimensional earthquake node acquisition system in the three-dimensional earthquake acquisition arrangement rolling process;
the excitation signal monitoring module is used for monitoring a seismic source excitation signal acquired by the three-dimensional seismic node acquisition system by utilizing the common receiving point gather seismic data in the three-dimensional seismic acquisition arrangement rolling process;
and the external noise and data integrity monitoring module is used for monitoring the external noise and the integrity of the acquired seismic data by utilizing the common shot point seismic data in the three-dimensional seismic acquisition, arrangement and rolling process.
The embodiment of the invention also provides computer equipment, which comprises a memory, a processor and a computer program stored on the memory and capable of running on the processor, wherein the processor realizes the quality monitoring method for acquiring the seismic data when executing the computer program.
Embodiments of the present invention also provide a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program for executing the quality monitoring method of acquiring seismic data described above.
In the embodiment of the invention, before three-dimensional seismic acquisition, arrangement and rolling, the excitation signal and external noise are monitored when a two-dimensional survey line pair node instrument is used for acquiring seismic data; in the three-dimensional seismic acquisition, arrangement and rolling process, node quality control QC data of a three-dimensional seismic node acquisition system are utilized to monitor the working state of node equipment of the three-dimensional seismic node acquisition system; in the three-dimensional seismic acquisition, arrangement and rolling process, monitoring a seismic source excitation signal during acquisition of a three-dimensional seismic node acquisition system by utilizing the common receiving point gather seismic data; in the three-dimensional seismic acquisition, arrangement and rolling process, external noise and the integrity of the acquired seismic data are monitored by utilizing common shot point seismic data. Monitoring the working state of the node equipment, the excitation signal, the external noise and the integrity of the acquired seismic data in the acquisition process by monitoring the excitation signal and the external noise before acquisition, so as to realize the quality monitoring of the three-dimensional seismic node acquisition system in the working process, thereby realizing the quality monitoring of the seismic data acquired by the three-dimensional seismic node acquisition system; through the monitoring to node equipment operating condition, can in time discover the condition that equipment was lost, the staff of being convenient for remedies to reduce seismic data quality risk.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings required for the description of the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a quality monitoring method for acquiring seismic data in an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a specific implementation method of step 101 in an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a specific implementation method of step 102 in an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a specific implementation method of step 103 in an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of monitoring excitation signals during three-dimensional seismic data acquisition in an implementation of the invention.
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a quality monitoring device for acquiring seismic data in an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram (one) of a structure of an excitation signal and external noise monitoring module 601 according to an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram (two) of a monitor module 601 for excitation signal and external noise according to an embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
The embodiment of the invention provides a quality monitoring method for collecting seismic data, which is used for monitoring the quality of the seismic data and reducing the quality risk of the seismic data, as shown in fig. 1, and comprises the following steps:
step 101: before three-dimensional seismic acquisition, arrangement and rolling, monitoring excitation signals and external noise when a two-dimensional survey line pair node instrument acquires seismic data;
step 102: in the three-dimensional seismic acquisition, arrangement and rolling process, node quality control QC data of a three-dimensional seismic node acquisition system are utilized to monitor the working state of node equipment of the three-dimensional seismic node acquisition system;
step 103: in the three-dimensional seismic acquisition, arrangement and rolling process, monitoring a seismic source excitation signal during acquisition of a three-dimensional seismic node acquisition system by utilizing the common receiving point gather seismic data;
step 104: in the three-dimensional seismic acquisition, arrangement and rolling process, external noise and the integrity of the acquired seismic data are monitored by utilizing common shot point seismic data.
As can be seen from the flow shown in fig. 1, in the embodiment of the present invention, before the three-dimensional seismic acquisition arrangement rolls, the two-dimensional line pair node instrument is used to monitor the excitation signal and the external noise when the seismic data is acquired; in the three-dimensional seismic acquisition, arrangement and rolling process, node quality control QC data of a three-dimensional seismic node acquisition system are utilized to monitor the working state of node equipment of the three-dimensional seismic node acquisition system; in the three-dimensional seismic acquisition, arrangement and rolling process, monitoring a seismic source excitation signal during acquisition of a three-dimensional seismic node acquisition system by utilizing the common receiving point gather seismic data; in the three-dimensional seismic acquisition, arrangement and rolling process, external noise and the integrity of the acquired seismic data are monitored by utilizing common shot point seismic data. Monitoring the working state of the node equipment, the excitation signal, the external noise and the integrity of the acquired seismic data in the acquisition process by monitoring the excitation signal and the external noise before acquisition, so as to realize the quality monitoring of the three-dimensional seismic node acquisition system in the working process, thereby realizing the quality monitoring of the seismic data acquired by the three-dimensional seismic node acquisition system; through the monitoring to node equipment operating condition, can in time discover the condition that equipment was lost, the staff of being convenient for remedies to reduce seismic data quality risk.
When the method is implemented, firstly, before the three-dimensional seismic acquisition arrangement rolls, the two-dimensional survey line is utilized to monitor excitation signals and external noise when the node instrument acquires seismic data. In the specific implementation, as shown in fig. 2, the method includes:
step 201: receiving single shot data by using a preset two-dimensional measuring line;
step 202: monitoring a consistent state between a seismic source scanning parameter and a design signal and a delay state of a TB signal according to auxiliary channel data in single shot data, and correcting an excitation signal when a node instrument collects seismic data according to the consistent state and the delay state;
step 203: according to the single shot data, determining the signal to noise ratio of the seismic data with different offset near the interference source, and according to the signal to noise ratio of the seismic data with different offset near the interference source, determining the interference peak time of external noise on the acquisition of the seismic data by the node instrument;
step 204: and adjusting the working time period of the node instrument for collecting the seismic data according to the interference peak time period.
In the implementation of step 202, whether the source scanning parameters are consistent with the design signals or not and whether the TB signals are delayed or not are monitored, and when the TB signals are found to have delay and the source scanning signals are inconsistent with the design signals in the node acquisition process, a prompt for correcting the source scanning parameters and the GPS timing system is sent out, and gun repairing is carried out on the problem gun in the early acquisition process.
In a specific embodiment, the preset process of the two-dimensional measurement line includes:
arranging a two-dimensional survey line in the middle of a three-dimensional array sheet or near a main interference source of a work area according to the direction perpendicular to a three-dimensional survey line of a three-dimensional seismic node acquisition system; the track distance of the two-dimensional measuring line is equal to the receiving point distance of the three-dimensional observation system, and the measuring line length of the two-dimensional measuring line is larger than the width of the two three-dimensional arrangement sheets;
connecting an arrangement sheet of the two-dimensional survey lines with a wired acquisition instrument host computer, and synchronously receiving single shot data when a three-dimensional seismic acquisition seismic source is excited; the two-dimensional survey line array slice adopts the same recording length, front gain and sampling interval as those of the node instrument for collecting the seismic data during the collection.
The wired acquisition instrument host is used for commanding the three-dimensional seismic acquisition seismic source to blow on one hand, receiving the single shot data acquired by the two-dimensional survey line on the other hand, and analyzing the single shot data so as to monitor excitation signals and external noise when the node instrument acquires the seismic data.
In the three-dimensional seismic acquisition, arrangement and rolling process, the node equipment working state of the three-dimensional seismic node acquisition system is monitored by utilizing Quality Control (QC) data of the three-dimensional seismic node acquisition system. The specific implementation process, as shown in fig. 3, includes:
step 301: sampling node QC data of a plurality of node units in a three-dimensional seismic node acquisition system; the node QC data are used for representing the working state of the node unit;
step 302: and sending out a replacement or overhaul prompt to the node units with the node QC data exceeding a preset threshold value.
In a specific embodiment, the node QC data sampling mode: collecting 1 time per day by using a manual or unmanned aerial vehicle, collecting 100% of newly-arranged nodes in the three-dimensional seismic node collecting system on the same day, and collecting the nodes which are arranged before the same day in the three-dimensional seismic node collecting system in a proportion of not less than 5%. The node units for collecting QC data are required to be distributed uniformly in space and to be emphasized, and the node units are mainly focused on areas with denser personnel, such as villages, towns, highways and the like, and areas with river ditches, which are easy to be impacted by water flow, so that the node units are prevented from being lost or moved; and spot check line inspection is performed in areas such as gobi, meadow, public welfare forest and the like. And when the node QC data acquisition is carried out, if the node position is found to be moved or no measurement mark exists, the actual node position of the measurement group is measured.
Specifically, the node QC data collection index content: and recovering node working state data of all node units to be sampled by means of mobile phone code scanning, special electronic hands and the like, wherein the node working state data comprise battery, GPS, acquisition station state and detector state (resistance, sensitivity, damping coefficient and natural frequency index). In the specific embodiment, after the node units of the three-dimensional seismic node acquisition system are distributed, node QC data are recovered, and QC recovery personnel need to check QC results item by item on site; the storage battery problem, the failure of the acquisition station body, the failure of the GPS, and the unqualified resistance of the detector are all rectified and changed, the QC data of the nodes in production arrangement are recovered, and the recovery rate is up to 100%. The node QC data are arranged, and the daily self-certification photo quantity statistics and the self-certification photo accuracy statistics (including the station body state, the consistency of the measured pile number and the scanning pile number, the embedding condition and the photographing time) are timely submitted to construction group treatment, so that the production arrangement is ensured to meet the acquisition requirement; the node QC data recovered in the daily inspection is submitted to construction groups and resident team supervision and inspection in time, and node units with the node QC data exceeding a preset threshold value are replaced immediately.
In the three-dimensional seismic acquisition, arrangement and rolling process, seismic source excitation signals acquired by a three-dimensional seismic node acquisition system are monitored by utilizing the common receiving point gather seismic data. In a specific embodiment, as shown in fig. 4, the method includes:
step 401: extracting node seismic data acquired by a three-dimensional seismic node acquisition system to obtain a plurality of common receiving point gather seismic data;
step 402: after the offset relation, the source number and the acquisition time are implanted in the channel heads of the common receiving point channel sets of the seismic data, sequencing each common receiving point channel set of the seismic data according to the first keyword of the receiving point, the second keyword of the source number and the third keyword of the acquisition time;
step 403: extracting the sequenced seismic data of each common receiving point gather according to a preset mode to obtain extracted seismic data of a plurality of common receiving point gathers;
step 404: performing linear motion correction on the extracted seismic data of the plurality of common receiving point gathers to obtain a linear motion correction chart;
step 405: and determining the accuracy of the source excitation signal of the three-dimensional seismic node acquisition system according to the linear motion correction chart.
In a specific embodiment, a single receiving line is taken as a group for recovering node instruments and downloading seismic data every day, and 1% of the seismic data of the common receiving point gather are extracted from each receiving line at equal intervals except for synthesizing the seismic data of the common shot point gather.
And implanting offset relation, source number and acquisition time into the extracted common receiving point gather seismic data header, and sequencing the seismic data of each common receiving point gather according to three keywords of the receiving point stake number, the source number and the acquisition time. The receiving point pile numbers are first keywords and are in ascending order; the source number is a second keyword, and the sequence is increased; the acquisition time is the third keyword, and the order is reduced.
Extracting the seismic data of each sequenced common receiving point in the following way: and extracting the acquired data corresponding to each controllable seismic source through the second key words, and extracting the seismic data with the latest acquisition time (closest to the node recovery time of the current day) not less than 10 channels through the third key words.
And (3) performing linear motion correction on the sequenced and extracted common-receiving-point seismic data, wherein the linear motion correction speed is picked up in the common-shot gather seismic data, and if the linear motion correction has transverse anisotropy, the linear motion correction speed which changes along with azimuth and offset can be picked up.
And judging the accuracy of the excitation signal according to the linear motion correction chart. Each path of the common receiving point gather seismic data represents a shot, the time difference between the first arrival time of each path after linear motion correction and the adjacent path is smaller than 5ms, and if a certain path does not meet the time difference condition, the excitation signal of the shot possibly has a problem and needs to be checked and adjusted; if the time difference between the first arrival time of all channels of a certain second keyword and the time difference of all channels of other keywords is more than 5ms or the waveform characteristics are inconsistent, the group of seismic sources possibly have problems, and the problems need to be examined and adjusted, so that the accuracy of excitation signals in the three-dimensional seismic acquisition, arrangement and rolling process is ensured.
In the three-dimensional seismic acquisition, arrangement and rolling process, external noise and the integrity of the acquired seismic data are monitored by utilizing common shot point seismic data. Specifically, 5% of common shot gathers are extracted every day, and target monitoring is carried out according to a conventional quality monitoring method. For example, according to the common shot seismic data, whether the conditions of data disconnection, seismic channel deletion exceeding a certain proportion and the like exist or not is analyzed and judged, so that whether the acquired seismic data are complete or not is determined. And judging whether a large amount of noise with strong interference exists or not through the common shot seismic data so as to monitor external noise.
A specific example is given below to illustrate how embodiments of the present invention may perform quality monitoring of acquired seismic data. When the node acquisition system is adopted for three-dimensional seismic data acquisition engineering, the instrument vehicle with the GPS time service function is used for controlling the excitation of the earthquake focus to perform real-time quality monitoring, the line two-dimensional arrangement is arranged at the initial stage of data acquisition, the validity and the integrity of seismic data acquisition are monitored by using the state information of the node instrument at the later stage of data acquisition, and the related data are recovered in the same day to monitor the state of the controllable earthquake focus. Therefore, under certain arrangement, construction conditions and limited time delay, the equipment safety and data quality monitoring of the node acquisition system are realized, and quality accidents and unrecoverable seismic data loss are prevented.
The present embodiment is completed in 6 steps:
step 1: and (3) large-scale arrangement of the three-dimensional seismic acquisition node acquisition system.
(a) And detecting by a node acquisition system:
before seismic data acquisition, performing annual and monthly inspection and knocking test on all node instruments; confirming acquisition recording parameters according to a construction task book, and writing the recording parameters (sampling rate, front-end gain, filtering mode, low-cut direct current and daily startup and shutdown time) into an acquisition unit;
(b) Laying a field node instrument:
the node instrument is placed at the position of the receiving point after being fully charged, the position error is controlled within 20cm from the pile number of the receiving point, the coupling with the ground surface is good, and the GPS satellite signal can be effectively received.
(c) And (3) collecting node QC data:
all node units are arranged in a mobile phone code scanning mode, a special electronic hand part mode and the like, and node working state data including battery, GPS, acquisition station state, detector resistance, sensitivity, damping coefficient, natural frequency index and the like are recovered; the recovery rate of the QC data of the nodes is required to reach 100%, and the normal working state of all the nodes collected on line is ensured.
Step 2: quality control at the initial stage of three-dimensional seismic acquisition.
Before the three-dimensional seismic acquisition, arrangement and rolling, monitoring excitation signals and external noise when the two-dimensional survey line pair node instrument acquires seismic data.
(a) In the aspect of excitation signals, the scanning parameters, state codes, maximum output, average output, peak distortion, average distortion, peak phase, average phase and other contents of each group of seismic sources are checked. And checking whether the seismic source scanning parameters are consistent with the design or not through an auxiliary channel, judging whether delay exists in TB signal excitation or not, and analyzing the first arrival of a single gun in real time.
(b) In the aspect of external noise, the signal-to-noise ratio condition of seismic data with different offset near an interference source is monitored in a key way. And (3) checking the influence degree of a large-scale interference source, such as fixed-position interference sources of large drills, large plant and mine equipment construction, road construction and the like, on the seismic data, and searching for a period of time for effectively avoiding serious interference.
(c) And analyzing the quality change of the seismic data, and performing a parameter comparison and assessment test by using wired arrangement when the recording quality is poor, and timely performing gun repairing or changing excitation parameters.
Step 3: and monitoring the working state of node equipment in the three-dimensional seismic acquisition process.
In the three-dimensional seismic acquisition, arrangement and rolling process, the node quality control QC data of the three-dimensional seismic node acquisition system is utilized to monitor the working state of node equipment of the three-dimensional seismic node acquisition system.
Step 4: excitation signal monitoring in the three-dimensional seismic acquisition process.
In the three-dimensional seismic acquisition, arrangement and rolling process, the common receiving point gather seismic data is utilized to monitor excitation signals acquired by the three-dimensional seismic data. And (3) monitoring the time difference change between adjacent channels in a key way, and supplementing the gun with the large first arrival time difference caused by the excitation signal.
As shown in fig. 5, the excitation signal during the three-dimensional seismic data acquisition is monitored according to step 4.
Step 5: and monitoring the external noise and the integrity of the acquired seismic data in the three-dimensional seismic acquisition process. The left part is a receiving line, and 1% of common receiving point gather seismic data are extracted at equal intervals. And the right part is to perform linear motion correction on the seismic data of the sequenced and extracted common receiving points, and judge the accuracy of the excitation signal according to the linear motion correction diagram.
In the three-dimensional seismic acquisition, arrangement and rolling process, external noise and the integrity of the acquired seismic data are monitored by utilizing common shot point seismic data.
Step 6: and (3) repeating the steps 3 to 5 until the seismic data acquisition of the three-dimensional work area is completed.
The embodiment aims at the problem of real-time quality monitoring when three-dimensional seismic data are acquired by a node system, and realizes the method for real-time monitoring of excitation signals, environmental noise and single shot quality by synchronous acquisition and monitoring of a two-dimensional survey line wired instrument before three-dimensional seismic acquisition arrangement rolling and common receiving point gather data monitoring in the three-dimensional seismic acquisition arrangement rolling process. The characteristic that node instruments have no channel number limitation is fully utilized to realize the seismic data acquisition construction of the ultra-large channel number, and meanwhile, the main noise source of the acquisition site is monitored in real time by means of the function of monitoring the environmental noise of the wired instrument, so that the quality of the acquired data is ensured. The embodiment is applied to a certain three-dimensional in the western China for verification, 6-ten-thousand-channel data acquisition of a node system is completed, a real-time monitoring function is well exerted, and high-quality seismic data are obtained
The implementation of the above specific application is only an example, and the rest of the embodiments are not described in detail.
Based on the same inventive concept, the embodiment of the invention also provides a quality monitoring device for collecting seismic data by a node instrument, because the principle of the problem solved by the quality monitoring device for collecting seismic data by the node instrument is similar to that of the quality monitoring method for collecting seismic data by the node instrument, the implementation of the quality monitoring device for collecting seismic data by the node instrument can refer to the implementation of the quality monitoring method for collecting seismic data by the node instrument, and the specific structure is shown in fig. 6 and will not be repeated:
the excitation signal and external noise monitoring module 601 is configured to monitor, by using a two-dimensional survey line, the excitation signal and external noise when the node instrument collects seismic data before the three-dimensional seismic collection arrangement rolls;
the node equipment working state monitoring module 602 is configured to monitor the node equipment working state of the three-dimensional seismic node acquisition system by using node quality control QC data of the three-dimensional seismic node acquisition system in the three-dimensional seismic acquisition arrangement rolling process;
the excitation signal monitoring module 603 is configured to monitor a source excitation signal during the acquisition of the three-dimensional seismic node acquisition system by using the common receiving point gather seismic data in the three-dimensional seismic acquisition array rolling process;
the external noise and data integrity monitoring module 604 is configured to monitor the external noise and the integrity of the acquired seismic data by using the common shot seismic data during the rolling process of the three-dimensional seismic acquisition array.
In a specific embodiment, the excitation signal and external noise monitoring module 601 has a structure as shown in fig. 7, and includes:
a data receiving unit 701, configured to receive single shot data by using a preset two-dimensional measurement line;
the excitation signal monitoring unit 702 is configured to monitor a consistent state between the seismic source scanning parameter and the design signal and a delay state of the TB signal according to the auxiliary trace data in the single shot data, and correct an excitation signal when the node instrument collects the seismic data according to the consistent state and the delay state;
the external noise monitoring unit 703 is configured to determine signal-to-noise ratios of the seismic data with different offset near the interference source according to the single shot data, and determine an interference peak time of the external noise to the node instrument for acquiring the seismic data according to the signal-to-noise ratios of the seismic data with different offset near the interference source; and adjusting the working time period of the node instrument for collecting the seismic data according to the interference peak time period.
In a specific embodiment, the structure of the excitation signal and external noise monitoring module 601 is shown in fig. 8, and further includes, based on fig. 7:
a two-dimensional survey line presetting unit 801 for:
arranging a two-dimensional measuring line in the middle of the three-dimensional array sheet or near a main interference source of a work area according to the direction perpendicular to the three-dimensional measuring line; the track distance of the two-dimensional measuring line is equal to the receiving point distance of the three-dimensional observation system, and the measuring line length of the two-dimensional measuring line is larger than the width of the two three-dimensional arrangement sheets;
connecting an arrangement sheet of two-dimensional survey lines with a wired instrument host, and synchronously receiving single shot data when a three-dimensional seismic acquisition seismic source is excited; the two-dimensional survey line array slice adopts the same recording length, front gain and sampling interval as those of the node instrument for collecting the seismic data during the collection.
In a specific embodiment, the node device working state monitoring module 602 is specifically configured to:
sampling node QC data of a plurality of node units in a three-dimensional seismic node acquisition system; the node QC data are used for representing the working state of the node unit;
and sending out a replacement or overhaul prompt to the node units with the node QC data exceeding a preset threshold value.
In particular, the excitation signal monitoring module 603 is specifically configured to:
extracting node seismic data acquired by a three-dimensional seismic node acquisition system to obtain a plurality of common receiving point gather seismic data;
after the offset relation, the source number and the acquisition time are implanted in the channel heads of the common receiving point channel sets of the seismic data, sequencing each common receiving point channel set of the seismic data according to the first keyword of the receiving point, the second keyword of the source number and the third keyword of the acquisition time;
extracting the sequenced seismic data of each common receiving point gather according to a preset mode to obtain extracted seismic data of a plurality of common receiving point gathers;
performing linear motion correction on the extracted seismic data of the plurality of common receiving point gathers to obtain a linear motion correction chart;
and determining the accuracy of the source excitation signal of the three-dimensional seismic node acquisition system according to the linear motion correction chart.
The embodiment of the invention also provides computer equipment, which comprises a memory, a processor and a computer program stored on the memory and capable of running on the processor, wherein the processor realizes the quality monitoring method for acquiring the seismic data by the node instrument when executing the computer program.
The embodiment of the invention also provides a computer readable storage medium which stores a computer program for executing the quality monitoring method for the seismic data acquired by the node instrument.
In summary, the quality monitoring method and device for collecting seismic data by the node instrument provided by the embodiment of the invention have the following advantages:
before three-dimensional seismic acquisition, arrangement and rolling, monitoring excitation signals and external noise when a two-dimensional survey line pair node instrument acquires seismic data; in the three-dimensional seismic acquisition, arrangement and rolling process, node quality control QC data of a three-dimensional seismic node acquisition system are utilized to monitor the working state of node equipment of the three-dimensional seismic node acquisition system; in the three-dimensional seismic acquisition, arrangement and rolling process, monitoring a seismic source excitation signal during acquisition of a three-dimensional seismic node acquisition system by utilizing the common receiving point gather seismic data; in the three-dimensional seismic acquisition, arrangement and rolling process, external noise and the integrity of the acquired seismic data are monitored by utilizing common shot point seismic data. Monitoring the working state of the node equipment, the excitation signal, the external noise and the integrity of the acquired seismic data in the acquisition process by monitoring the excitation signal and the external noise before acquisition, so as to realize the quality monitoring of the three-dimensional seismic node acquisition system in the working process, thereby realizing the quality monitoring of the seismic data acquired by the three-dimensional seismic node acquisition system; through the monitoring to node equipment operating condition, can in time discover the condition that equipment was lost, the staff of being convenient for remedies to reduce seismic data quality risk.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that embodiments of the present invention may be provided as a method, apparatus, or computer program product. Accordingly, the present invention may take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, the present invention may take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including, but not limited to, disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, and the like) having computer-usable program code embodied therein.
The present invention is described with reference to flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams of methods, apparatus and computer program products according to embodiments of the invention. It will be understood that each flow and/or block of the flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams, and combinations of flows and/or blocks in the flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions may be provided to a processor of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, create means for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable memory that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory produce an article of manufacture including instruction means which implement the function specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable apparatus to produce a computer implemented process such that the instructions which execute on the computer or other programmable apparatus provide steps for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
The above description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and variations can be made to the embodiments of the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A quality monitoring method for acquiring seismic data, comprising:
before three-dimensional seismic acquisition, arrangement and rolling, monitoring excitation signals and external noise when a two-dimensional survey line pair node instrument acquires seismic data;
in the three-dimensional seismic acquisition, arrangement and rolling process, node quality control QC data of a three-dimensional seismic node acquisition system are utilized to monitor the working state of node equipment of the three-dimensional seismic node acquisition system;
in the three-dimensional seismic acquisition, arrangement and rolling process, monitoring a seismic source excitation signal during acquisition of a three-dimensional seismic node acquisition system by utilizing the common receiving point gather seismic data;
in the three-dimensional seismic acquisition, arrangement and rolling process, monitoring external noise and the integrity of the acquired seismic data by utilizing common shot point seismic data;
the method for monitoring the excitation signal and the external noise when the two-dimensional survey line is used for collecting the seismic data of the node instrument comprises the following steps:
receiving single shot data by using a preset two-dimensional measuring line;
monitoring a consistent state between a seismic source scanning parameter and a design signal and a delay state of a TB signal according to auxiliary channel data in single shot data, and correcting an excitation signal when a node instrument collects seismic data according to the consistent state and the delay state;
according to the single shot data, determining the signal to noise ratio of the seismic data with different offset near the interference source, and according to the signal to noise ratio of the seismic data with different offset near the interference source, determining the interference peak time of external noise on the acquisition of the seismic data by the node instrument; according to the interference peak time, adjusting the working time of collecting the seismic data by the node instrument;
the preset process of the two-dimensional measuring line comprises the following steps:
arranging a two-dimensional measuring line in the middle of the three-dimensional array sheet or near a main interference source of a work area according to the direction perpendicular to the three-dimensional measuring line; the track distance of the two-dimensional measuring line is equal to the receiving point distance of the three-dimensional observation system, and the measuring line length of the two-dimensional measuring line is larger than the width of the two three-dimensional arrangement sheets;
connecting an arrangement sheet of two-dimensional survey lines with a wired instrument host, and synchronously receiving single shot data when a three-dimensional seismic acquisition seismic source is excited; the two-dimensional measuring line array sheet adopts the same recording length, front gain and sampling interval as those of the node instrument for collecting the seismic data during the collection.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein monitoring the node device operational status of the three-dimensional seismic node acquisition system using the node quality control QC data of the three-dimensional seismic node acquisition system comprises:
sampling node QC data of a plurality of node units in a three-dimensional seismic node acquisition system; the node QC data are used for representing the working state of the node unit;
and sending out a replacement or overhaul prompt to the node units with the node QC data exceeding a preset threshold value.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein monitoring the source excitation signals acquired by the three-dimensional seismic node acquisition system using the co-received point gather seismic data comprises:
extracting node seismic data acquired by a three-dimensional seismic node acquisition system to obtain a plurality of common receiving point gather seismic data;
after the offset relation, the source number and the acquisition time are implanted in the channel heads of the common receiving point channel sets of the seismic data, sequencing each common receiving point channel set of the seismic data according to the first keyword of the receiving point, the second keyword of the source number and the third keyword of the acquisition time;
extracting the sequenced seismic data of each common receiving point gather according to a preset mode to obtain extracted seismic data of a plurality of common receiving point gathers;
performing linear motion correction on the extracted seismic data of the plurality of common receiving point gathers to obtain a linear motion correction chart;
and determining the accuracy of the source excitation signal of the three-dimensional seismic node acquisition system according to the linear motion correction chart.
4. A quality monitoring device for collecting seismic data by a node instrument, comprising:
the excitation signal and external noise monitoring module is used for monitoring the excitation signal and external noise when the node instrument collects the seismic data by utilizing the two-dimensional survey line before the three-dimensional seismic collection arrangement rolls;
the node equipment working state monitoring module is used for monitoring the node equipment working state of the three-dimensional earthquake node acquisition system by utilizing node quality control QC data of the three-dimensional earthquake node acquisition system in the three-dimensional earthquake acquisition arrangement rolling process;
the excitation signal monitoring module is used for monitoring a seismic source excitation signal acquired by the three-dimensional seismic node acquisition system by utilizing the common receiving point gather seismic data in the three-dimensional seismic acquisition arrangement rolling process;
the external noise and data integrity monitoring module is used for monitoring the external noise and the integrity of the acquired seismic data by utilizing common shot point seismic data in the three-dimensional seismic acquisition, arrangement and rolling process;
wherein, excitation signal and external noise monitoring module include:
the data receiving unit is used for receiving single-shot data by utilizing a preset two-dimensional measuring line;
the excitation signal monitoring unit is used for monitoring the consistent state between the seismic source scanning parameters and the design signals and the delay state of the TB signals, and correcting excitation signals when the node instrument collects seismic data according to the consistent state and the delay state; the external noise monitoring unit is used for determining the signal-to-noise ratio of the seismic data with different offset near the interference source according to the single shot data and determining the interference peak time of the external noise on the acquisition of the seismic data by the node instrument according to the signal-to-noise ratio of the seismic data with different offset near the interference source; according to the interference peak time, adjusting the working time of collecting the seismic data by the node instrument;
the excitation signal and external noise monitoring module further comprises:
the two-dimensional survey line preset unit is used for:
arranging a two-dimensional measuring line in the middle of the three-dimensional array sheet or near a main interference source of a work area according to the direction perpendicular to the three-dimensional measuring line; the track distance of the two-dimensional measuring line is equal to the receiving point distance of the three-dimensional observation system, and the measuring line length of the two-dimensional measuring line is larger than the width of the two three-dimensional arrangement sheets;
connecting an arrangement sheet of two-dimensional survey lines with a wired instrument host, and synchronously receiving single shot data when a three-dimensional seismic acquisition seismic source is excited; the two-dimensional measuring line array sheet adopts the same recording length, front gain and sampling interval as those of the node instrument for collecting the seismic data during the collection.
5. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein the node device operating state monitoring module is specifically configured to:
sampling node QC data of a plurality of node units in a three-dimensional seismic node acquisition system; the node QC data are used for representing the working state of the node unit;
and sending out a replacement or overhaul prompt to the node units with the node QC data exceeding a preset threshold value.
6. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein the excitation signal monitoring module is specifically configured to:
extracting node seismic data acquired by a three-dimensional seismic node acquisition system to obtain a plurality of common receiving point gather seismic data;
after the offset relation, the source number and the acquisition time are implanted in the channel heads of the common receiving point channel sets of the seismic data, sequencing each common receiving point channel set of the seismic data according to the first keyword of the receiving point, the second keyword of the source number and the third keyword of the acquisition time;
extracting the sequenced seismic data of each common receiving point gather according to a preset mode to obtain extracted seismic data of a plurality of common receiving point gathers;
performing linear motion correction on the extracted seismic data of the plurality of common receiving point gathers to obtain a linear motion correction chart;
and determining the accuracy of the source excitation signal of the three-dimensional seismic node acquisition system according to the linear motion correction chart.
7. A computer device comprising a memory, a processor and a computer program stored on the memory and executable on the processor, characterized in that the processor implements the method of any of claims 1 to 3 when executing the computer program.
8. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that the computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program which, when executed by a processor, implements the method of any one of claims 1 to 3.
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