CN112379412A - Quality monitoring method and device for collecting seismic data - Google Patents
Quality monitoring method and device for collecting seismic data Download PDFInfo
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- G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
- G01V1/24—Recording seismic data
- G01V1/247—Digital recording of seismic data, e.g. in acquisition units or nodes
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- G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
- G01V1/16—Receiving elements for seismic signals; Arrangements or adaptations of receiving elements
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Abstract
The invention provides a quality monitoring method and a device for collecting seismic data, wherein the method comprises the following steps: before the three-dimensional seismic acquisition arrangement rolling, monitoring an excitation signal and external noise when a node instrument acquires seismic data by using a two-dimensional measuring line; in the three-dimensional seismic acquisition arrangement rolling process, the node quality of the three-dimensional seismic node acquisition system is used for controlling QC data and monitoring the working state of node equipment of the three-dimensional seismic node acquisition system; in the three-dimensional seismic acquisition arrangement rolling process, monitoring seismic source excitation signals acquired by a three-dimensional seismic node acquisition system by using common receiving point gather seismic data; in the three-dimensional seismic acquisition arrangement rolling process, the common shot point seismic data are utilized to monitor the integrity of external noise and acquired seismic data. The quality monitoring of the seismic data acquired by the three-dimensional seismic node acquisition system is realized, and the seismic data quality risk is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of petroleum seismic exploration data acquisition, in particular to a quality monitoring method and device for acquired seismic data.
Background
Seismic exploration is a main method for finding and exploring petroleum and natural gas, and the main work comprises three steps of seismic data acquisition, processing and interpretation. Seismic data acquisition necessitates the use of seismic signal receiving and recording systems. Conventionally, a device for sensing seismic signals is called a geophone, a device for acquiring and recording seismic signals is called a seismic exploration instrument (or called a seismic recording instrument), and the geophone and the seismic exploration instrument work together to realize a complete seismic data acquisition function, so that the geophone is a dense and inseparable whole; from the perspective of the system, and in order to meet the needs of development, seismic signal sensing and acquisition devices, which mainly comprise geophones and seismic prospecting instruments, are collectively called a seismic data acquisition system (acquisition system for short). Seismic data acquisition systems are divided into wired and wireless systems.
The stations of the wireless seismograph are not connected by cables and are divided into a real-time data return (wireless communication) system and a node acquisition system. The node acquisition system mainly comprises a field node unit and a data recovery system. The field node unit set consists of a collecting station, a detector, a battery and the like, can be in a working mode of mutually separating the collecting station, the detector and the battery, and can be separated or integrated into a whole. A GPS is arranged in the field node acquisition unit, and the synchronization of an acquisition station and a seismic source is kept through GPS timing; the collected seismic data are stored in a collecting station, and when the data need to be collected, all the seismic data can be collected at one time by using data recovery equipment. The node system breaks away from the traditional real-time acquisition and real-time transmission mode, can theoretically realize the large-channel seismic data acquisition operation without channel number limitation, and meets the requirement of large-channel seismic acquisition. The node instrument has the advantages that data transmission cables are not needed, continuous acquisition is achieved, the high-efficiency operation requirements of mountainous regions, urban regions and regions needing special permission can be met, and particularly, the node instrument can be conveniently arranged and distributed in farmland water networks of Chongshan mountains and steep mountains, loess tablelands and the like; can be suitable for any region and high-efficiency construction mode. The node unit has light weight, low cost, safety and environmental protection, and reduces the labor cost and the mechanical cost of arrangement.
However, the node instruments are wide in distribution range and cannot be checked one by one, so that the quality of the acquired seismic data cannot be monitored, and particularly in cities and densely populated areas, the risk of system equipment loss is very high. If the device is not found in time after being lost, the seismic data can be lost and cannot be recovered, and the risk of seismic data quality exists.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention provides a quality monitoring method for acquiring seismic data, which is used for performing quality monitoring on the seismic data and reducing the quality risk of the seismic data, and comprises the following steps:
before the three-dimensional seismic acquisition arrangement rolling, monitoring an excitation signal and external noise when a node instrument acquires seismic data by using a two-dimensional measuring line;
in the three-dimensional seismic acquisition arrangement rolling process, the node quality of the three-dimensional seismic node acquisition system is used for controlling QC data and monitoring the working state of node equipment of the three-dimensional seismic node acquisition system;
in the three-dimensional seismic acquisition arrangement rolling process, monitoring seismic source excitation signals acquired by a three-dimensional seismic node acquisition system by using common receiving point gather seismic data;
in the three-dimensional seismic acquisition arrangement rolling process, the common shot point seismic data are utilized to monitor the integrity of external noise and acquired seismic data.
The embodiment of the invention also provides a quality monitoring device for acquiring seismic data, which is used for performing quality monitoring on the seismic data and reducing the quality risk of the seismic data, and comprises the following components:
the system comprises an excitation signal and external noise monitoring module, a data acquisition and arrangement module and a data acquisition and arrangement module, wherein the excitation signal and external noise monitoring module is used for monitoring an excitation signal and external noise when a node instrument acquires seismic data by using a two-dimensional measuring line before three-dimensional seismic acquisition and arrangement rolling;
the node equipment working state monitoring module is used for controlling QC data by utilizing the node quality of the three-dimensional seismic node acquisition system and monitoring the working state of the node equipment of the three-dimensional seismic node acquisition system in the three-dimensional seismic acquisition arrangement rolling process;
the excitation signal monitoring module is used for monitoring a seismic source excitation signal acquired by the three-dimensional seismic node acquisition system by using the common receiving point gather seismic data in the three-dimensional seismic acquisition arrangement rolling process;
and the external noise and data integrity monitoring module is used for monitoring the integrity of the external noise and the acquired seismic data by using the common shot point seismic data in the three-dimensional seismic acquisition and arrangement rolling process.
The embodiment of the invention also provides computer equipment which comprises a memory, a processor and a computer program which is stored on the memory and can be run on the processor, wherein the processor realizes the quality monitoring method for acquiring the seismic data when executing the computer program.
An embodiment of the present invention also provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program for executing the quality monitoring method for acquiring seismic data.
In the embodiment of the invention, before the three-dimensional seismic acquisition arrangement rolling, the excitation signal and the external noise when the node instrument acquires seismic data are monitored by using the two-dimensional measuring line; in the three-dimensional seismic acquisition arrangement rolling process, the node quality of the three-dimensional seismic node acquisition system is used for controlling QC data and monitoring the working state of node equipment of the three-dimensional seismic node acquisition system; in the three-dimensional seismic acquisition arrangement rolling process, monitoring seismic source excitation signals acquired by a three-dimensional seismic node acquisition system by using common receiving point gather seismic data; in the three-dimensional seismic acquisition arrangement rolling process, the common shot point seismic data are utilized to monitor the integrity of external noise and acquired seismic data. The quality monitoring of the three-dimensional seismic node acquisition system in the working process is realized by monitoring the excitation signal and the external noise before acquisition and monitoring the working state of node equipment, the excitation signal, the external noise and the integrity of acquired seismic data in the acquisition process, so that the quality monitoring of the seismic data acquired by the three-dimensional seismic node acquisition system is realized; through the monitoring to node equipment operating condition, can in time discover the condition that equipment lost, the staff of being convenient for remedies to reduce seismic data quality risk.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments are briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on these drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a quality monitoring method for acquiring seismic data according to an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a specific implementation method of step 101 in an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a specific implementation method of step 102 in an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a specific implementation method of step 103 in an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a schematic illustration of the monitoring of an excitation signal during three-dimensional seismic data acquisition in an implementation of a particular application of the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a quality monitoring apparatus for acquiring seismic data in an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram (i) of an excitation signal and external noise monitoring module 601 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 8 is a schematic structural diagram (two) of the excitation signal and external noise monitoring module 601 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The embodiment of the invention provides a quality monitoring method for acquiring seismic data, which is used for performing quality monitoring on the seismic data and reducing the quality risk of the seismic data, and as shown in figure 1, the method comprises the following steps:
step 101: before the three-dimensional seismic acquisition arrangement rolling, monitoring an excitation signal and external noise when a node instrument acquires seismic data by using a two-dimensional measuring line;
step 102: in the three-dimensional seismic acquisition arrangement rolling process, the node quality of the three-dimensional seismic node acquisition system is used for controlling QC data and monitoring the working state of node equipment of the three-dimensional seismic node acquisition system;
step 103: in the three-dimensional seismic acquisition arrangement rolling process, monitoring seismic source excitation signals acquired by a three-dimensional seismic node acquisition system by using common receiving point gather seismic data;
step 104: in the three-dimensional seismic acquisition arrangement rolling process, the common shot point seismic data are utilized to monitor the integrity of external noise and acquired seismic data.
As can be known from the flow shown in fig. 1, in the embodiment of the present invention, before the three-dimensional seismic acquisition arrangement is rolled, the excitation signal and the external noise when the node instrument acquires seismic data are monitored by using the two-dimensional survey line; in the three-dimensional seismic acquisition arrangement rolling process, the node quality of the three-dimensional seismic node acquisition system is used for controlling QC data and monitoring the working state of node equipment of the three-dimensional seismic node acquisition system; in the three-dimensional seismic acquisition arrangement rolling process, monitoring seismic source excitation signals acquired by a three-dimensional seismic node acquisition system by using common receiving point gather seismic data; in the three-dimensional seismic acquisition arrangement rolling process, the common shot point seismic data are utilized to monitor the integrity of external noise and acquired seismic data. The quality monitoring of the three-dimensional seismic node acquisition system in the working process is realized by monitoring the excitation signal and the external noise before acquisition and monitoring the working state of node equipment, the excitation signal, the external noise and the integrity of acquired seismic data in the acquisition process, so that the quality monitoring of the seismic data acquired by the three-dimensional seismic node acquisition system is realized; through the monitoring to node equipment operating condition, can in time discover the condition that equipment lost, the staff of being convenient for remedies to reduce seismic data quality risk.
In specific implementation, before three-dimensional seismic acquisition arrangement rolling, a two-dimensional measuring line is used for monitoring an excitation signal and external noise when a node instrument acquires seismic data. In specific implementation, as shown in fig. 2, the method includes:
step 201: receiving single shot data by using a preset two-dimensional measuring line;
step 202: monitoring a consistent state between the seismic source scanning parameters and the design signals and a delay state of the TB signals according to auxiliary track data in the single shot data, and correcting excitation signals when the node instrument acquires seismic data according to the consistent state and the delay state;
step 203: determining signal-to-noise ratios of seismic data with different shot-geophone distances near an interference source according to the single shot data, and determining an interference peak time of external noise on the seismic data acquired by a node instrument according to the signal-to-noise ratios of the seismic data with the different shot-geophone distances near the interference source;
step 204: and adjusting the working period of the node instrument for acquiring the seismic data according to the interference peak period.
When the step 202 is implemented specifically, whether the seismic source scanning parameters are consistent with the design signals or not and whether the TB signals are delayed or not are monitored, and if the TB signals are delayed and do not accord with the design signals in the node acquisition process, a prompt for correcting the seismic source scanning parameters and the GPS time service system is sent, and shot compensation is carried out on problem shots in the early acquisition process.
In a specific embodiment, the presetting process of the two-dimensional measuring line includes:
arranging a two-dimensional survey line in the middle of the three-dimensional arrangement sheet or near a main interference source of a work area according to the direction vertical to a three-dimensional wave detection line of the three-dimensional seismic node acquisition system; the track pitch of the two-dimensional measuring line is equal to the receiving point pitch of the three-dimensional observation system, and the length of the measuring line of the two-dimensional measuring line is greater than the width of the two three-dimensional arrangement pieces;
connecting the arrangement pieces of the two-dimensional survey lines with a wired acquisition instrument host, and synchronously receiving single-shot data when a three-dimensional seismic acquisition seismic source is excited; when the two-dimensional measuring line arrangement sheet is used for collecting seismic data, the recording length, the front gain and the sampling interval which are the same as those of a node instrument are adopted.
The wired acquisition instrument host is used for commanding a three-dimensional seismic acquisition source to blow out on one hand, and receiving single-shot data acquired by a two-dimensional survey line on the other hand, and analyzing the single-shot data so as to monitor an excitation signal and external noise when the node instrument acquires the seismic data.
In the three-dimensional seismic acquisition arrangement rolling process, the node equipment working state of the three-dimensional seismic node acquisition system is monitored by using the node Quality Control (QC) data of the three-dimensional seismic node acquisition system. The specific implementation process, as shown in fig. 3, includes:
step 301: sampling node QC data of a plurality of node units in a three-dimensional seismic node acquisition system; the node QC data is used for representing the working state of the node unit;
step 302: and sending a replacement or maintenance prompt to the node unit with the node QC data exceeding the preset threshold value.
In a specific embodiment, the node QC data sampling mode is as follows: collecting by using a manual or unmanned aerial vehicle for 1 time every day, collecting 100% of nodes newly distributed on the same day of the three-dimensional seismic node acquisition system, and collecting the nodes distributed before the same day in the three-dimensional seismic node acquisition system by not less than 5%. The node units for collecting QC data are required to be basically and uniformly distributed and are also important in spatial distribution, and are mainly positioned in areas with dense personnel such as villages, towns, expressways, roadside and the like and areas which are easily impacted by water flows in riverway gullies, so that nodes are prevented from being lost or moved; and carrying out spot inspection and line patrol in areas such as gobi, grasslands, public welfare forests and the like. When the QC data of the nodes are collected, if the node positions are found to move or no measurement marks exist, the node positions are measured by the measurement group.
Specifically, the node QC data collection index content is: node working state data including battery, GPS, collection station state and detector state (resistance, sensitivity, damping coefficient and natural frequency index) are recovered from all node units needing sampling by means of mobile phone code scanning, special electronic hands and the like. In the specific embodiment, node QC data is recovered after the node units of the three-dimensional seismic node acquisition system are arranged, and QC recovery personnel check QC results item by item on site; the problems of storage batteries, faults of an acquisition station body, incapability of locking a GPS and unqualified detector resistance are completely rectified, and QC data of the nodes in production arrangement are recovered, so that the recovery rate reaches 100%. The QC data of the nodes are sorted, and the number statistics and the accuracy statistics (including the station state, the consistency of the measuring pile number and the code scanning pile number, the embedding condition and the photographing time) of the self-certification photos every day are carried out in time for processing with a construction group, so that the production arrangement is ensured to meet the acquisition requirement; and timely submitting the node QC data recovered in daily inspection to an engineering group and a queue for supervision and inspection, and immediately replacing the node units with the node QC data exceeding a preset threshold value.
And in the three-dimensional seismic acquisition arrangement rolling process, monitoring a seismic source excitation signal acquired by the three-dimensional seismic node acquisition system by using the common receiving point gather seismic data. In a specific embodiment, as shown in fig. 4, the method includes:
step 401: extracting node seismic data acquired by a three-dimensional seismic node acquisition system to obtain a plurality of common receiving point gather seismic data;
step 402: after the shot-geophone relationship, the seismic source number and the acquisition time are implanted into the heads of the seismic data of the common receiving point gather, sequencing the seismic data of each common receiving point gather according to the condition that the receiving points are first keywords, the seismic source number is second keywords and the acquisition time is third keywords;
step 403: extracting the sorted common receiving point gather seismic data according to a preset mode to obtain a plurality of extracted common receiving point gather seismic data;
step 404: performing linear dynamic correction on the extracted seismic data of the multiple common receiving point gathers to obtain a linear dynamic correction chart;
step 405: and determining the accuracy of the seismic source excitation signal of the three-dimensional seismic node acquisition system according to the linear dynamic correction graph.
In the specific embodiment, the recovery of node instruments and the downloading of seismic data are carried out by taking a single receiving line as a group every day, and 1% of common receiving point gather seismic data are extracted at equal intervals from each receiving line except for synthesizing normal common shot point gather seismic data by the downloaded seismic data.
And implanting shot-check relation, seismic source number and acquisition time into the extracted common receiving point gather seismic data heads, and then sequencing each common receiving point gather seismic data according to three key words of a receiving point pile number, a seismic source number and acquisition time. Wherein, the pile number of the receiving point is a first keyword, and the sequence is ascending; the seismic source number is a second keyword and is in an ascending order; the acquisition time is the third key word, and the sequence is descending.
And extracting the sorted common receiving point seismic data according to the following modes: and extracting the acquisition data corresponding to each vibroseis through the second keyword, and extracting the seismic data which are not less than 10 channels and have the latest acquisition time (closest to the current node recovery time) through the third keyword.
And performing linear dynamic correction on the sorted and extracted common receiving point seismic data, picking up the linear dynamic correction speed in the common shot point gather seismic data, and if the linear dynamic correction has transverse anisotropy, picking up the linear dynamic correction speed which changes along with the azimuth and the offset distance.
And judging the accuracy of the excitation signal according to the linear dynamic correction map. Each channel of the common receiving point gather seismic data represents a cannon, the time difference between the first arrival time of each channel and the adjacent channel after linear dynamic correction is less than 5ms, and if a certain channel does not meet the time difference condition, the excitation signal of the cannon possibly has problems, the cannon needs to be checked and adjusted; if the first arrival time of all channels of a certain second keyword is more than 5ms or the waveform characteristics are inconsistent with the time difference of all channels of other keywords, the seismic sources possibly have problems, and need to be checked and adjusted, so that the accuracy of the excitation signals in the three-dimensional seismic acquisition arrangement rolling process is ensured.
In the three-dimensional seismic acquisition arrangement rolling process, the common shot point seismic data are utilized to monitor the integrity of external noise and acquired seismic data. Specifically, 5% of common shot gathers are extracted every day for target monitoring according to a conventional quality monitoring method. For example, according to the common shot point seismic data, whether data broken arrangement exists or not and whether seismic channel loss exceeds a certain proportion or not are analyzed and judged, and therefore whether the acquired seismic data are complete or not is determined. And judging whether a large amount of noise with strong interference exists or not through the common shot point seismic data so as to monitor the external noise.
A specific example is given below to illustrate how embodiments of the invention perform quality monitoring of acquired seismic data. When a node acquisition system is adopted for receiving in a three-dimensional seismic data acquisition project, an instrument vehicle with a GPS time service function is used for controlling an excitation seismic source to excite, a wired two-dimensional array is distributed at the initial stage of data acquisition to perform real-time quality monitoring, the effectiveness and the integrity of seismic data acquisition are monitored by using the state information of a node instrument at the middle and later stages of the data acquisition, and relevant data are recycled on the day to monitor the state of the controllable seismic source. Therefore, the equipment safety and data quality monitoring of the node acquisition system are realized under certain arrangement, construction conditions and limited time delay, and quality accidents and irrecoverable seismic data loss are prevented.
This specific example was completed in 6 steps:
step 1: and the large arrangement of the three-dimensional seismic acquisition node acquisition system.
(a) Detecting by a node acquisition system:
before seismic data acquisition, year and month inspection and knocking tests are carried out on all node instruments; confirming the acquisition recording parameters according to the construction task book, and writing the recording parameters (sampling rate, forward gain, filtering mode, low-cut direct current, and daily startup and shutdown time) into the acquisition unit;
(b) laying field node instruments:
the node instrument is placed at the position of a receiving point after being fully charged, and the position error is controlled within 20cm from the pile number of the receiving point, so that good coupling with the earth surface is ensured, and GPS satellite signals can be effectively received.
(c) And (3) collecting the QC data of the nodes:
recovering node working state data including battery, GPS, collecting station state and detector resistance, sensitivity, damping coefficient, natural frequency index and the like for all the arranged node units in a mode of mobile phone code scanning, special electronic hand and the like; the data recovery rate of the QC of the nodes is required to reach 100%, and the working states of all the nodes collected on line are guaranteed to be normal.
Step 2: and controlling the quality of the initial stage of the three-dimensional seismic acquisition.
Before the three-dimensional seismic acquisition arrangement rolling, the excitation signal and the external noise when the node instrument acquires seismic data are monitored by using the two-dimensional measuring line.
(a) In terms of excitation signals, scanning parameters, state codes, maximum output, average output, peak distortion, average distortion, peak phase, average phase and the like are inspected on each group of seismic sources. And (4) checking whether the seismic source scanning parameters are consistent with the design and whether delay exists in TB signal excitation through the auxiliary channel, and analyzing the single shot first arrival in real time.
(b) And in the aspect of external noise, the signal-to-noise ratio conditions of the seismic data with different shot-geophone distances near the interference source are monitored in an important mode. And (3) checking the influence degree of large interference sources, such as fixed position interference sources of heavy drilling, factory and mine large equipment construction, road construction and the like, on the seismic data, and searching for a time period effectively avoiding serious interference.
(c) And analyzing the quality change of the seismic data, and performing a parameter comparison and assessment test by using the wired arrangement when the recording quality is poor, and performing shot compensation or excitation parameter change in time.
And step 3: and monitoring the working state of the node equipment in the three-dimensional seismic acquisition process.
And in the three-dimensional seismic acquisition arrangement rolling process, the QC data is controlled by using the node quality of the three-dimensional seismic node acquisition system, and the working state of node equipment of the three-dimensional seismic node acquisition system is monitored.
And 4, step 4: and monitoring an excitation signal in the three-dimensional seismic acquisition process.
In the process of three-dimensional seismic acquisition, arrangement and rolling, common receiving point gather seismic data are utilized to monitor excitation signals acquired by the three-dimensional seismic data. And (4) monitoring the time difference change between adjacent channels in a key point, and performing shot compensation on the large first arrival time difference caused by the determined attribute excitation signal.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram showing the monitoring of the excitation signal during the three-dimensional seismic data acquisition according to step 4.
And 5: and monitoring the integrity of the external noise and the acquired seismic data in the three-dimensional seismic acquisition process. The left part extracts 1% of the common receiving point gather seismic data at equal intervals for the receiving line. And the right part is used for performing linear dynamic correction on the sorted and extracted common receiving point seismic data and judging the accuracy of the excitation signal according to a linear dynamic correction diagram.
In the three-dimensional seismic acquisition arrangement rolling process, the common shot point seismic data are utilized to monitor the integrity of external noise and acquired seismic data.
Step 6: and (5) repeating the steps 3 to 5 until the seismic data acquisition of the three-dimensional work area is completed.
The specific example aims at the problem of real-time quality monitoring existing when three-dimensional seismic data are acquired by adopting a node system, and realizes the method for monitoring excitation signals, environmental noise and single shot quality in real time by synchronous acquisition and monitoring of a two-dimensional line measuring wired instrument before three-dimensional seismic acquisition, arrangement and rolling and monitoring of common receiving point gather data in the three-dimensional seismic acquisition, arrangement and rolling process. The characteristic that node instruments are not limited by channel numbers is fully utilized to realize seismic data acquisition construction of ultra-large channel numbers, and meanwhile, the real-time monitoring is carried out on main noise sources of an acquisition field by means of the environment noise monitoring function of a wired instrument, so that the quality of acquired data is ensured. The concrete example is applied to a certain three-dimension in the western China for verification, 6 ten thousand-channel data acquisition of a node system is completed, the real-time monitoring effect is well played, and high-quality seismic data are obtained
The implementation of the above specific application is only an example, and the rest of the embodiments are not described in detail.
Based on the same inventive concept, embodiments of the present invention further provide a quality monitoring apparatus for acquiring seismic data by a node instrument, and because the principle of the problem solved by the quality monitoring apparatus for acquiring seismic data by a node instrument is similar to that of the quality monitoring method for acquiring seismic data by a node instrument, the implementation of the quality monitoring apparatus for acquiring seismic data by a node instrument can refer to the implementation of the quality monitoring method for acquiring seismic data by a node instrument, and repeated parts are not repeated, and the specific structure is as shown in fig. 6:
the excitation signal and external noise monitoring module 601 is used for monitoring the excitation signal and external noise when the node instrument acquires seismic data by using a two-dimensional measuring line before the three-dimensional seismic acquisition arrangement rolls;
a node device working state monitoring module 602, configured to monitor a node device working state of the three-dimensional seismic node acquisition system by using the node quality control QC data of the three-dimensional seismic node acquisition system during the three-dimensional seismic acquisition arrangement rolling process;
the excitation signal monitoring module 603 is configured to monitor a seismic source excitation signal acquired by the three-dimensional seismic node acquisition system by using the common receiving point gather seismic data in the three-dimensional seismic acquisition arrangement rolling process;
and an external noise and data integrity monitoring module 604, configured to monitor integrity of the external noise and the acquired seismic data by using the common shot point seismic data during the three-dimensional seismic acquisition and arrangement rolling process.
In an embodiment, the structure of the excitation signal and external noise monitoring module 601 is shown in fig. 7, and includes:
a data receiving unit 701, configured to receive single shot data by using a preset two-dimensional survey line;
the excitation signal monitoring unit 702 is configured to monitor a consistent state between the seismic source scanning parameter and the design signal and a delay state of the TB signal according to the auxiliary track data in the single shot data, and correct an excitation signal when the node instrument acquires seismic data according to the consistent state and the delay state;
the external noise monitoring unit 703 is configured to determine, according to the single shot data, signal-to-noise ratios of seismic data with different shot-to-noise distances near the interference source, and determine, according to the signal-to-noise ratios of the seismic data with different shot-to-noise distances near the interference source, an interference peak period of the external noise on the seismic data acquired by the node instrument; and adjusting the working period of the node instrument for acquiring the seismic data according to the interference peak period.
In a specific embodiment, the structure of the excitation signal and external noise monitoring module 601 is shown in fig. 8, and on the basis of fig. 7, the structure further includes:
a two-dimensional line preset unit 801 for:
arranging a two-dimensional measuring line in the middle of the three-dimensional arrangement sheet or near a main interference source of a work area according to the direction vertical to the three-dimensional wave detection line; the track pitch of the two-dimensional measuring line is equal to the receiving point pitch of the three-dimensional observation system, and the length of the measuring line of the two-dimensional measuring line is greater than the width of the two three-dimensional arrangement pieces;
connecting the arrangement pieces of the two-dimensional survey lines with a wired instrument host, and synchronously receiving single-shot data when a three-dimensional seismic acquisition seismic source is excited; when the two-dimensional measuring line arrangement sheet is used for collecting seismic data, the recording length, the front gain and the sampling interval which are the same as those of a node instrument are adopted.
In a specific embodiment, the node device working state monitoring module 602 is specifically configured to:
sampling node QC data of a plurality of node units in a three-dimensional seismic node acquisition system; the node QC data is used for representing the working state of the node unit;
and sending a replacement or maintenance prompt to the node unit with the node QC data exceeding the preset threshold value.
In specific implementation, the excitation signal monitoring module 603 is specifically configured to:
extracting node seismic data acquired by a three-dimensional seismic node acquisition system to obtain a plurality of common receiving point gather seismic data;
after the shot-geophone relationship, the seismic source number and the acquisition time are implanted into the heads of the seismic data of the common receiving point gather, sequencing the seismic data of each common receiving point gather according to the condition that the receiving points are first keywords, the seismic source number is second keywords and the acquisition time is third keywords;
extracting the sorted common receiving point gather seismic data according to a preset mode to obtain a plurality of extracted common receiving point gather seismic data;
performing linear dynamic correction on the extracted seismic data of the multiple common receiving point gathers to obtain a linear dynamic correction chart;
and determining the accuracy of the seismic source excitation signal of the three-dimensional seismic node acquisition system according to the linear dynamic correction graph.
The embodiment of the invention also provides computer equipment which comprises a memory, a processor and a computer program which is stored on the memory and can be run on the processor, wherein when the processor executes the computer program, the quality monitoring method for acquiring the seismic data by the node instrument is realized.
The embodiment of the invention also provides a computer readable storage medium which stores a computer program for executing the quality monitoring method for the seismic data acquired by the node instrument.
In summary, the quality monitoring method and device for seismic data acquired by the node instrument provided by the embodiment of the invention have the following advantages:
before the three-dimensional seismic acquisition arrangement rolling, monitoring an excitation signal and external noise when a node instrument acquires seismic data by using a two-dimensional measuring line; in the three-dimensional seismic acquisition arrangement rolling process, the node quality of the three-dimensional seismic node acquisition system is used for controlling QC data and monitoring the working state of node equipment of the three-dimensional seismic node acquisition system; in the three-dimensional seismic acquisition arrangement rolling process, monitoring seismic source excitation signals acquired by a three-dimensional seismic node acquisition system by using common receiving point gather seismic data; in the three-dimensional seismic acquisition arrangement rolling process, the common shot point seismic data are utilized to monitor the integrity of external noise and acquired seismic data. The quality monitoring of the three-dimensional seismic node acquisition system in the working process is realized by monitoring the excitation signal and the external noise before acquisition and monitoring the working state of node equipment, the excitation signal, the external noise and the integrity of acquired seismic data in the acquisition process, so that the quality monitoring of the seismic data acquired by the three-dimensional seismic node acquisition system is realized; through the monitoring to node equipment operating condition, can in time discover the condition that equipment lost, the staff of being convenient for remedies to reduce seismic data quality risk.
As will be appreciated by one skilled in the art, embodiments of the present invention may be provided as a method, apparatus, or computer program product. Accordingly, the present invention may take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, the present invention may take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including, but not limited to, disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, and the like) having computer-usable program code embodied therein.
The present invention is described with reference to flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams of methods, apparatus and computer program products according to embodiments of the invention. It will be understood that each flow and/or block of the flow diagrams and/or block diagrams, and combinations of flows and/or blocks in the flow diagrams and/or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions may be provided to a processor of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, create means for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable memory that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory produce an article of manufacture including instruction means which implement the function specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable apparatus to produce a computer implemented process such that the instructions which execute on the computer or other programmable apparatus provide steps for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made to the embodiment of the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (12)
1. A method for quality monitoring of acquired seismic data, comprising:
before the three-dimensional seismic acquisition arrangement rolling, monitoring an excitation signal and external noise when a node instrument acquires seismic data by using a two-dimensional measuring line;
in the three-dimensional seismic acquisition arrangement rolling process, the node quality of the three-dimensional seismic node acquisition system is used for controlling QC data and monitoring the working state of node equipment of the three-dimensional seismic node acquisition system;
in the three-dimensional seismic acquisition arrangement rolling process, monitoring seismic source excitation signals acquired by a three-dimensional seismic node acquisition system by using common receiving point gather seismic data;
in the three-dimensional seismic acquisition arrangement rolling process, the common shot point seismic data are utilized to monitor the integrity of external noise and acquired seismic data.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein monitoring the excitation signal and the ambient noise of the nodal instrument during seismic data acquisition using a two-dimensional survey line comprises:
receiving single shot data by using a preset two-dimensional measuring line;
monitoring a consistent state between a seismic source scanning parameter and a design signal and a delay state of a TB signal according to auxiliary track data in single shot data, and correcting an excitation signal when a node instrument acquires seismic data according to the consistent state and the delay state;
determining signal-to-noise ratios of seismic data with different shot-geophone distances near an interference source according to the single shot data, and determining an interference peak time of external noise on the seismic data acquired by a node instrument according to the signal-to-noise ratios of the seismic data with the different shot-geophone distances near the interference source; and adjusting the working period of the node instrument for acquiring the seismic data according to the interference peak period.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the pre-setting of the two-dimensional profile comprises:
arranging a two-dimensional measuring line in the middle of the three-dimensional arrangement sheet or near a main interference source of a work area according to the direction vertical to the three-dimensional wave detection line; the track pitch of the two-dimensional measuring line is equal to the receiving point pitch of the three-dimensional observation system, and the length of the measuring line of the two-dimensional measuring line is greater than the width of the two three-dimensional arrangement pieces;
connecting the arrangement pieces of the two-dimensional survey lines with a wired instrument host, and synchronously receiving single-shot data when a three-dimensional seismic acquisition seismic source is excited; and when the two-dimensional measuring line arrangement sheet is used for acquiring, the recording length, the front gain and the sampling interval which are the same as those of the node instrument are adopted.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein monitoring node device operating conditions of the three-dimensional seismic node acquisition system using node quality control QC data of the three-dimensional seismic node acquisition system comprises:
sampling node QC data of a plurality of node units in a three-dimensional seismic node acquisition system; the node QC data is used for representing the working state of the node unit;
and sending a replacement or maintenance prompt to the node unit with the node QC data exceeding the preset threshold value.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein monitoring a source excitation signal acquired by a three-dimensional seismic node acquisition system using common receiver gather seismic data comprises:
extracting node seismic data acquired by a three-dimensional seismic node acquisition system to obtain a plurality of common receiving point gather seismic data;
after the shot-geophone relationship, the seismic source number and the acquisition time are implanted into the heads of the seismic data of the common receiving point gather, sequencing the seismic data of each common receiving point gather according to the condition that the receiving points are first keywords, the seismic source number is second keywords and the acquisition time is third keywords;
extracting the sorted common receiving point gather seismic data according to a preset mode to obtain a plurality of extracted common receiving point gather seismic data;
performing linear dynamic correction on the extracted seismic data of the multiple common receiving point gathers to obtain a linear dynamic correction chart;
and determining the accuracy of the seismic source excitation signal of the three-dimensional seismic node acquisition system according to the linear dynamic correction graph.
6. A quality monitoring device for collecting seismic data by a node instrument is characterized by comprising:
the system comprises an excitation signal and external noise monitoring module, a data acquisition and arrangement module and a data acquisition and arrangement module, wherein the excitation signal and external noise monitoring module is used for monitoring an excitation signal and external noise when a node instrument acquires seismic data by using a two-dimensional measuring line before three-dimensional seismic acquisition and arrangement rolling;
the node equipment working state monitoring module is used for controlling QC data by utilizing the node quality of the three-dimensional seismic node acquisition system and monitoring the working state of the node equipment of the three-dimensional seismic node acquisition system in the three-dimensional seismic acquisition arrangement rolling process;
the excitation signal monitoring module is used for monitoring a seismic source excitation signal acquired by the three-dimensional seismic node acquisition system by using the common receiving point gather seismic data in the three-dimensional seismic acquisition arrangement rolling process;
and the external noise and data integrity monitoring module is used for monitoring the integrity of the external noise and the acquired seismic data by using the common shot point seismic data in the three-dimensional seismic acquisition and arrangement rolling process.
7. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein the excitation signal and ambient noise monitoring module comprises:
the data receiving unit is used for receiving single shot data by utilizing a preset two-dimensional measuring line;
the excitation signal monitoring unit is used for monitoring the consistent state between the seismic source scanning parameters and the design signals and the delay state of the TB signals, and correcting the excitation signals when the node instrument acquires the seismic data according to the consistent state and the delay state; the external noise monitoring unit is used for determining the signal-to-noise ratio of seismic data with different shot-geophone distances near an interference source according to the single shot data, and determining the interference peak time of the external noise on the seismic data acquired by the node instrument according to the signal-to-noise ratio of the seismic data with the different shot-geophone distances near the interference source; and adjusting the working period of the node instrument for acquiring the seismic data according to the interference peak period.
8. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the excitation signal and ambient noise monitoring module further comprises:
a two-dimensional survey line presetting unit for:
arranging a two-dimensional measuring line in the middle of the three-dimensional arrangement sheet or near a main interference source of a work area according to the direction vertical to the three-dimensional wave detection line; the track pitch of the two-dimensional measuring line is equal to the receiving point pitch of the three-dimensional observation system, and the length of the measuring line of the two-dimensional measuring line is greater than the width of the two three-dimensional arrangement pieces;
connecting the arrangement pieces of the two-dimensional survey lines with a wired instrument host, and synchronously receiving single-shot data when a three-dimensional seismic acquisition seismic source is excited; and when the two-dimensional measuring line arrangement sheet is used for acquiring, the recording length, the front gain and the sampling interval which are the same as those of the node instrument are adopted.
9. The apparatus according to claim 6, wherein the node device operating state monitoring module is specifically configured to:
sampling node QC data of a plurality of node units in a three-dimensional seismic node acquisition system; the node QC data is used for representing the working state of the node unit;
and sending a replacement or maintenance prompt to the node unit with the node QC data exceeding the preset threshold value.
10. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein the excitation signal monitoring module is specifically configured to:
extracting node seismic data acquired by a three-dimensional seismic node acquisition system to obtain a plurality of common receiving point gather seismic data;
after the shot-geophone relationship, the seismic source number and the acquisition time are implanted into the heads of the seismic data of the common receiving point gather, sequencing the seismic data of each common receiving point gather according to the condition that the receiving points are first keywords, the seismic source number is second keywords and the acquisition time is third keywords;
extracting the sorted common receiving point gather seismic data according to a preset mode to obtain a plurality of extracted common receiving point gather seismic data;
performing linear dynamic correction on the extracted seismic data of the multiple common receiving point gathers to obtain a linear dynamic correction chart;
and determining the accuracy of the seismic source excitation signal of the three-dimensional seismic node acquisition system according to the linear dynamic correction graph.
11. A computer device comprising a memory, a processor and a computer program stored on the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor implements the method of any one of claims 1 to 5 when executing the computer program.
12. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that the computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program for executing the method of any one of claims 1 to 5.
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