CN106646609B - The microseism multi-parameter of Multiple-Scan combines fast inversion method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses the microseism multi-parameters of Multiple-Scan to combine fast inversion method, method and step are as follows: (1) data acquire；(2) it pre-processes；(3) correction and superposition are moved；(4) microseism positioning and focal mechanism joint inversion；(5) preliminary scan in space and the big step-length of angle is carried out；(6) event is judged whether there is, if it is not, not exporting then；If so, carrying out the small step-length in space, the rescan of the big step-length of angle；(7) it primarily determines the space coordinate focal mechanism of focus, reduces scanning range；(8) scanning three times in space and the small step-length of angle is carried out；(9) result is exported.Present invention joint fast inversion method can identify the shearing source of change in polarity, and traditional focus scan method does not identify the polar variation of focus；The present invention needs to be scanned up to ten million a trace gathers, and calculation amount is huge, optimizes acceleration by size step-length Multiple-Scan, can effectively save under the premise of guaranteeing positioning accuracy and calculate the time.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to shale gas exploitation in hydraulic fracturing microseismic field, especially microseism positioning with
Focal mechanism inversion technique.
Background technique
Micro-seismic monitoring is most accurate, most one of timely, the most abundant monitoring means of information in current reservoir fracturing, and true
Hypocentral location, the origin time of earthquake and the intensity for determining microseism are the top priorities of micro-seismic monitoring.
Micro-seismic monitoring mainly includes that two ways is monitored in ground monitoring and well, and underground monitoring location technology develops to obtain ratio
It is more mature, but the quantity of monitoring well, spatial distribution and wave detector quantity be all it is very limited, thus its lateral resolution compared with
It is low, and it is also very high to monitor expense.And the cross direction profiles range and density less-restrictive of ground micro-seismic monitoring technology, it is available
Higher lateral resolution, and monitoring cost is lower.Thus present invention is generally directed to ground micro-seismic monitoring systems to be studied.
With the raising of the maturation and positioning accuracy of ground micro-seismic monitoring technology, shake is combined to the distribution of micro-seismic event
Source mechanism, which explains, will become the emphasis of future work.The focal mechanism of earthquake can effectively illustrate the physical of focus
Matter, and can show that the stress and strain distribution of region or part.It, can be to fracturing effect system in conjunction with geologic aspects around
System accurately assessment.
Therefore, it is necessary to propose that the microseism multi-parameter of Multiple-Scan combines fast inversion method in response to the above problems.
Summary of the invention
In view of the above-mentioned deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention proposes that the microseism multi-parameter joint of Multiple-Scan is quick
Inversion method can rapidly and accurately explain orientation, the form in crack, achieve the purpose that evaluate fracturing effect.
The microseism multi-parameter of Multiple-Scan combines fast inversion method, method and step are as follows: (1) Input Monitor Connector system into
Row earthquake data acquisition；(2) the collected initial data of step (1) is subjected to bandpass filtering and static correction pre-processes；It (3) will be pre-
Earthquake record that treated carries out dynamic correction by focus of a virtual focal point；(4) it is walked using the virtual focus as focus increase
To, inclination angle, slide angle variation after carry out polarity correction and superposition processing, obtain the virtual focus comprising focal mechanism and be superimposed
Trace gather；(5) joint inversion of microseism positioning and focal mechanism is carried out；(6) big step-length is carried out to focus space and focal mechanism
Preliminary scan；(7) microseismic event is judged whether there is, if it is not, not exporting then；If so, carrying out the small step-length in space, the big step-length of angle
Rescan；(8) space coordinate and focal mechanism of focus are primarily determined, scanning range is reduced；(9) to focus space and shake
Source mechanism carries out the scanning three times of small step-length；(10) result is exported.
Preferably, wherein the method for carrying out microseism positioning and focal mechanism joint inversion is improved focus scanning algorithm,
Its
Wherein ujTo observe earthquake record, N is station sum, and τ is the origin time of earthquake of virtual focal point i, tijFor from virtual
For focal point i to the station j when walking, E is focal mechanism space-time function；
mij=f (φi,δi,λi,αij,βij) (2)
Wherein φi, δiAnd λiTrend, inclination angle and the slide angle of respectively virtual focal point i, αijFor the shake of station j relative virtual
The azimuth of source point i, βijFor the take-off angle of station j relative virtual focal point i, mijReflect virtual focal point i focal mechanism to platform
Stand j earthquake record the polar influence of P wave；
Wherein (xi,yi,zi) it is focus coordinate, (xj,yj,zj) it is station coordinate, wijFor station j relative virtual focal point i
Weighting function, primarily determine that weighting function and virtual focal point and the monitoring geometric position of the station are related, station distance is virtual
Focal point position is closer, and weighted value is higher,
Above-mentioned formula calculating process is that original seismic data is converted to the superposition trace gather of each virtual focus, is then being shaken
Source mechanism time-space domain calculates " brightness " the value R of every bit to per sampled point carries out long short time-window ratio one by one together；
Rk=STAk/LTAk (4)
R in formulakFor " brightness " of k-th of sampled point, STAkFor the RMS amplitude of short time-window after k-th of sampled point,
NstaFor sampling number in short time-window；LTAkThe RMS amplitude of window, N when being long before k-th of sampled pointltaIt is adopted in window when being long
Number of samples, A (k) are the amplitude of k-th of sampled point.
It is considered as an earthquake thing when some sampled point " brightness " R is greater than certain threshold values in focal mechanism time-space domain
Part.The corresponding spatial position of the sampled point and focal mechanism are the inversion result of the event, are the origin time of earthquake at the time of corresponding.
In focal mechanism time-space domain, up to ten million trace gathers is carried out point by point to calculate to scan to expend the very long time,
Even the work station of Multi-core can not meet the needs of positioning inverting in real time.Therefore, the main object of the present invention is just
It is the optimization acceleration to this method.For focus spatial position and focal mechanism, first with biggish step-length to focus space bit
It sets and carries out preliminary scan with focal mechanism；Micro-seismic event if it exists, then in the grid where event, with lesser space step
It is long that fine positioning is carried out to focus spatial position；Then according to fine positioning as a result, the scanning range in focus space is reduced, with lesser
Step-length scans focus space and focal mechanism three times.It can effectively save in this way and calculate the time, can also guarantee
The precision of positioning.
Due to the adoption of the above technical scheme, present invention joint fast inversion method can identify the shearing source of change in polarity,
And traditional focus scan method does not identify the polar variation of focus；The present invention needs to sweep up to ten million a trace gathers
It retouches, calculation amount is huge, optimizes acceleration by size step-length Multiple-Scan, can have under the premise of guaranteeing positioning accuracy
Effect ground, which is saved, calculates the time, while having very strong practicability.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is that fast inversion basic flow chart is combined in the microseism positioning of Multiple-Scan with focal mechanism；
Fig. 2 is ground monitoring system and focus space schematic diagram；
Fig. 3 is the earthquake record that signal-to-noise ratio is 0.5；
Fig. 4 is pretreated earthquake record；
Fig. 5 is the earthquake record after correction；
Fig. 6 is virtual focus superposition trace gather；
Fig. 7 is polarity distribution of the ground monitoring system relative to focus；
Fig. 8 is that space and angle all use small step scan, the P axis inversion result of different signal-to-noise ratio datas；
Fig. 9 is the small big step scan of step-length angle in space, the P axis inversion result of different signal-to-noise ratio datas；
Figure 10 is the big small step scan of step-length angle in space, the P axis inversion result of different signal-to-noise ratio datas；
Figure 11 is using Multiple-Scan, the P axis inversion result of different signal-to-noise ratio datas；
Figure 12 is the time-consuming histogram for using the inverting of different scanning mode in table 1；
When Figure 13 is using joint fast inversion, the inversion result of different focal mechanisms；
When Figure 14 is using joint fast inversion, the P axis inversion result of column focus；
When Figure 15 is using joint fast inversion, the P axis inversion result for the column focus that signal-to-noise ratio is 0.5.
Specific embodiment
The embodiment of the present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with attached drawing, but the present invention can be defined by the claims
Implement with the multitude of different ways of covering.
Case study on implementation one:
Such as Fig. 1 is simultaneously combined shown in Fig. 2 to Figure 15, and the microseism multi-parameter of Multiple-Scan combines fast inversion method, side
Method step are as follows: (1) Input Monitor Connector system carries out earthquake data acquisition；(2) the collected initial data of step (1) is subjected to band logical
Filtering and static correction pretreatment；(3) by pretreated earthquake record, dynamic correction is carried out by focus of a virtual focal point；
(4) polarity correction and superposition processing are carried out using the variation that the virtual focus increases trend, inclination angle, slide angle as focus later, obtained
Trace gather is superimposed to the virtual focus comprising focal mechanism；(5) joint inversion of microseism positioning and focal mechanism is carried out；(6) to shake
Source space and focal mechanism carry out the preliminary scan of big step-length；(7) microseismic event is judged whether there is, if it is not, not exporting then；If
It is then to carry out the small step-length in space, the rescan of the big step-length of angle；(8) space coordinate and focal mechanism of focus are primarily determined,
Reduce scanning range；(9) scanning three times of small step-length is carried out to focus space and focal mechanism；(10) result is exported.
Further, wherein carry out microseism positioning and the joint inversion of focal mechanism uses the scanning of improved focus and calculates
Method,
Wherein ujTo observe earthquake record, N is station sum, and τ is the origin time of earthquake of virtual focal point i, tijFor from virtual
For focal point i to the station j when walking, E is focal mechanism space-time function；
mij=f (φi,δi,λi,αij,βij) (2)
Wherein φi, δiAnd λiTrend, inclination angle and the slide angle of respectively virtual focal point i, αijFor the shake of station j relative virtual
The azimuth of source point i, βijFor the take-off angle of station j relative virtual focal point i, mijReflect virtual focal point i focal mechanism to platform
Stand j earthquake record the polar influence of P wave；
Wherein (xi,yi,zi) it is focus coordinate, (xj,yj,zj) it is station coordinate, wijFor station j relative virtual focal point i
Weighting function, primarily determine that weighting function and virtual focal point and the monitoring geometric position of the station are related, station distance is virtual
Focal point position is closer, and weighted value is higher,
Above-mentioned formula calculating process is that original seismic data is converted to the superposition trace gather of each virtual focus, is then being shaken
Source mechanism time-space domain calculates " brightness " the value R of every bit to per sampled point carries out long short time-window ratio one by one together；
Rk=STAk/LTAk (4)
R in formulakFor " brightness " of k-th of sampled point, STAkFor the RMS amplitude of short time-window after k-th of sampled point,
NstaFor sampling number in short time-window；LTAkThe RMS amplitude of window, N when being long before k-th of sampled pointltaIt is adopted in window when being long
Number of samples, A (k) are the amplitude of k-th of sampled point.
It is considered as an earthquake thing when some sampled point " brightness " R is greater than certain threshold values in focal mechanism time-space domain
Part.The corresponding spatial position of the sampled point and focal mechanism are the inversion result of the event, are the origin time of earthquake at the time of corresponding.
In focal mechanism time-space domain, up to ten million trace gathers is carried out point by point to calculate to scan to expend the very long time,
Even the work station of Multi-core can not meet the needs of positioning inverting in real time.Therefore, the main object of the present invention is just
It is the optimization acceleration to this method.For focus spatial position and focal mechanism, first with biggish step-length to focus space bit
It sets and carries out preliminary scan with focal mechanism；Micro-seismic event if it exists, then in the grid where event, with lesser space step
It is long that fine positioning is carried out to focus spatial position；Then according to fine positioning as a result, the scanning range in focus space is reduced, with lesser
Step-length scans focus space and focal mechanism three times.It can effectively save in this way and calculate the time, can also guarantee
The precision of positioning.
Case study on implementation two:
It is illustrated in conjunction with basic procedure of the Fig. 1 to the joint fast inversion of micro-seismic event, and using shown in Fig. 7ly
Face monitors system, it has large range of covering, and the interface of change in polarity is also substantially distributed in the coverage area of wave detector, right
The polar variation of focus can have more sufficient embodiment.
It is pretreated to carry out bandpass filtering, static correction etc. to firsthand information after the completion of field data collection for step 1
Journey is substantially not visible seismic events in the original seismic data of Fig. 3 signal-to-noise ratio 0.5, by (1,5,75,85) Hz bandpass filtering
Fig. 4 is obtained later with static correction is carried out with longitudinal wave velocity 2500m/s.It can be seen that in Fig. 4 near 700ms there are longitudinal wave and
Shear wave, but it is not clear enough.Since the microseism signal that earth's surface monitors is often very faint, or even can not know from seismic waveform
Not, therefore, filtering and static correction are all essential steps.
Pretreated earthquake record is carried out dynamic correction as focus using a virtual focal point and obtains Fig. 5 by step 2,
Then the road Tu5Ge is overlapped to one averagely obtained in Fig. 6, virtual focus that this is free from focal mechanism blast source is folded
Add trace gather.Later several is that the variation for increasing trend, inclination angle, slide angle as focus using the virtual focus carries out polarity school later
Just and superposition processing, the virtual focus superposition trace gather comprising focal mechanism is obtained.This process is to pass through formula (1) and formula
(2) Fig. 4 is converted to the process of Fig. 6.
Step 3 is superimposed trace gather for the virtual focus of Fig. 6, carries out long short time-window ratio point by point to per pass, R=STA/LTA,
The R value of every bit is calculated, R is embodied in focal mechanism time-space domain, and microseism signal shakes relative to the root mean square of ambient noise
The ratio between width, referred to as " brightness ".STA is short time-window average value, reflects the RMS amplitude of microseism signal；Window is flat when LTA is long
Mean value reflects the RMS amplitude of ambient noise.For each of virtual focus superposition trace gather point, when " brightness " R is greater than
When certain threshold value, that is, it is considered as a micro-seismic event, the spatial position of the corresponding virtual focus of the point and focal mechanism are to be somebody's turn to do
The inversion result of event.Here we take the time window length that the threshold values of R is 3.0, STA to take 0.05 second, and the time window length of LTA takes
1.0 the second.
In general, the scanning range in focus space is the focus using perforation as in 200 meters of center side length of three-dimensional grid
The angular range of mechanism is to move towards 0-360 °, 0-90 ° of inclination angle, 0-180 ° of slide angle.If spatial mesh size is 10 meters, angle step is
15 °, then virtual focus superposition road is the road 20*20*20*24*6*12=13824000, and it is time-consuming to be scanned calculating point by point by road
It is very long, need to optimize acceleration.Therefore, we take different sweeping schemes, compare its inversion result: traditional is small
Step scan (Fig. 8), the small big step scan of step-length angle (Fig. 9) in space, the big small step scan of step-length angle (Figure 10) in space are more
Secondary sweeping scheme (Figure 11).
For the refutation process of Figure 11, first with larger step size carry out preliminary scan (40 meters of spatial mesh size, angle step
60 °), the superposition trace gather of preliminary scan is the road 5*5*5*6*2*3=4500.Then to per being scanned point by point together, exist
In the virtual focus grid of event, then presses (10 meters of spatial mesh size, 60 ° of angle step) of lesser spatial mesh size and carry out secondary sweep
It retouches, rescan is the road 4*4*4*6*2*3=2304, determines the space coordinate and preliminary focal mechanism of focus.According to focus
Coordinate and preliminary focal mechanism, suitably (40 meters of spatial dimension, move towards 0-120 ° of range, inclination angle range 0- to diminution scanning range
90 °, slide 0-120 ° of angular region), three are carried out with lesser space and (10 meters of spatial mesh size, 15 ° of angle step) of mechanism step-length
Secondary scanning, the road 4*4*4*8*6*8=24576.Therefore, first, secondary and scan need to calculate 4500+2304+ in total three times
The road 24576=31380, comparison scan the road 13824000-31380=13792620 less originally.
It compares small step scan (Fig. 8,13824000), the small big step scan of step-length angle (Fig. 9,288000) in space
With the big small step scan of step-length angle (Figure 10,216000) in space, Multiple-Scan (Figure 11,31380) will save several times very
To the time of hundred times, and inversion result is also relatively more reasonable.As shown in figure 11, position error is within 20 meters, the angle of P axis
Major part is at 10 ° or so, and the signal-to-noise ratio of generated data is lower, and position error and focal mechanism error are also bigger.Generally speaking
The inversion result of Figure 11 and the inversion result of Fig. 8 are the most close.And the position error of Figure 10 is at 30 meters or more, the angle of P axis
Most of position error for being 11 ° of Fig. 9 at 20 meters or so, but due to the angle step of scanning just with theoretical source mechanism phase
It together, is 60 °, thus the angle of P axis is 0 ° and does not just have more reasonable reference significance.
Therefore, we are 1000 meters to depth, and the focus for moving towards 72 ° of slide angle of 23 ° of 32 ° of inclination angles carries out the comparison of inverting,
Such focus is with more generality.Synthesize signal-to-noise ratio 0.5, sample rate 4ms, length 2s, the segy file of size 2.13MB, reason
By the coordinate (0,0,1000) of focus, focal mechanism (32,23,72).The specific inversion result of a variety of scan methods is as follows:
The inversion result of 1 different scanning mode of table compares
By table 1 it can be seen that the joint fast inversion method of Multiple-Scan can guarantee anti-general focus
While drilling precision, effectively saves and calculate the time.In conjunction with Figure 12 it can be seen that the time-consuming of Multiple-Scan compares small step scan
About 500 times are saved, 5,6 times of time will also be saved by comparing other two kinds of scanning modes.
Case study on implementation three:
For the method for the joint fast inversion, we are to the single source of different focal mechanisms and the column of different signal-to-noise ratio
Focus is tested, as a result as follows:
1000 meters of depth in Figure 13, move towards 60 °, 60 ° of inclination angle, the different focal mechanisms of slide angle ° variation from 30 ° to 150
Event, focal mechanism (figure a) and the theoretical source mechanism (scheming b) for combining fast inversion are substantially consistent, illustrate for difference
Focal mechanism, this method can also obtain more accurate inversion result.
Move towards 60 ° in Figure 14,60 ° of inclination angle, 90 ° of slide angle, 1000 meters of depth, meter interval from -250 meters to 250 on the y axis
11 focus of 50 meters of arrangements.The angle of its theory P axis and inverting P axis is 0 °, and the inversion result and theoretical coordinate of horizontal y-axis are complete
Complete consistent, vertical position error is also all within 20 meters；The earthquake record that Figure 15 is Figure 14 adds random noise and synthesizes signal-to-noise ratio
For 0.5 generated data, wherein the angle of P axis is average at 10 ° or so, and the inversion result of horizontal y-axis has at 100m and 150m
The error of 10m, vertical position error is mostly within 30 meters.Illustrate that signal-to-noise ratio is lower, the space error and focal mechanism of inverting
Error is also bigger, but error is also within reasonable error range.Also can in this way for the column focus of different signal-to-noise ratio
Obtain relatively reasonable inversion result.
In conclusion the microseism positioning of this Multiple-Scan is from focal mechanism joint fast inversion method for different letters
Accurate inversion result can be accessed than the focus with different focal mechanisms by making an uproar, and computational efficiency will also improve very much.
Present invention joint fast inversion method can identify the shearing source of change in polarity, and traditional focus scan method is simultaneously
It cannot identify the polar variation of focus, need to be scanned up to ten million a trace gathers, calculation amount is huge, multiple by size step-length
Scanning optimizes acceleration, can effectively save under the premise of guaranteeing positioning accuracy and calculate the time, while have very strong
Practicability.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, all utilizations
Equivalent structure or equivalent flow shift made by description of the invention and accompanying drawing content is applied directly or indirectly in other correlations
Technical field, be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. the microseism multi-parameter of Multiple-Scan combines fast inversion method, it is characterised in that: its method and step are as follows:
(1) Input Monitor Connector system carries out earthquake data acquisition；
(2) the collected initial data of step (1) is subjected to bandpass filtering and static correction pre-processes；
(3) by pretreated earthquake record, dynamic correction is carried out by focus of a virtual focal point；
(4) it is carried out at polarity correction and superposition later using the variation that the virtual focus increases trend, inclination angle, slide angle as focus
Reason obtains the virtual focus superposition trace gather comprising focal mechanism；
(5) joint inversion of microseism positioning and focal mechanism is carried out；
(6) preliminary scan of big step-length is carried out to the space of focus and focal mechanism；
(7) microseismic event is judged whether there is, if it is not, not exporting then；If so, the small step-length in space is carried out, the two of the big step-length of angle
Secondary scanning；
(8) space coordinate and focal mechanism of focus are primarily determined, scanning range is reduced；
(9) scanning three times of small step-length is carried out to focus space and focal mechanism；
(10) result is exported；Wherein, the method for carrying out microseism positioning and focal mechanism joint inversion is that improved focus scanning is calculated
Method,
Wherein ujTo observe earthquake record, N is station sum, and τ is the origin time of earthquake of virtual focal point i, tijFor from virtual focus
For point i to the station j when walking, E is focal mechanism space-time function；
mij=f (φi,δi,λi,αij,βij) (2)
Wherein φi, δiAnd λiTrend, inclination angle and the slide angle of respectively virtual focal point i, αijFor station j relative virtual focal point
The azimuth of i, βijFor the take-off angle of station j relative virtual focal point i, mijReflect virtual focal point i focal mechanism to station j
Earthquake record the polar influence of P wave；
Wherein (xi,yi,zi) it is focus coordinate, (xj,yj,zj) it is station coordinate, wijFor the power of station j relative virtual focal point i
Weight function primarily determines that weighting function is related with virtual focal point and the monitoring geometric position of the station, and the station is apart from virtual focus
Point position is closer, and weighted value is higher,
Above-mentioned formula calculating process is that original seismic data is converted to the superposition trace gather of each virtual focus, then in focus machine
Time-space domain processed calculates " brightness " the value R of every bit to per sampled point carries out long short time-window ratio one by one together；
R in formulakFor " brightness " of k-th of sampled point, STAkFor the RMS amplitude of short time-window after k-th of sampled point, NstaFor
Sampling number in short time-window；LTAkThe RMS amplitude of window, N when being long before k-th of sampled pointltaSampled point in window when being long
Number, A (k) are the amplitude of k-th of sampled point.
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| CN109655897B (en) * | 2017-10-10 | 2021-02-19 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Microseism seismic source positioning inversion method and system based on lattice point search |
| CN108376245B (en) * | 2018-02-02 | 2022-02-11 | 广西师范大学 | UD channel-based time-space sequence image seismic source identification method |
| CN108375789B (en) * | 2018-02-11 | 2020-10-09 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Synchronous matching method for jointly acquiring seismic data |
| CN113238280B (en) * | 2021-06-24 | 2023-02-24 | 成都理工大学 | Green function-based earthquake monitoring method |
| CN114721049B (en) * | 2022-03-11 | 2024-04-09 | 新疆维吾尔自治区地震局 | Virtual seismic station azimuth participating off-grid seismic positioning method |
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