CN110954956B - Method for evaluating acquisition trace of observation system and computer-readable storage medium - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses an acquisition trace evaluation method of an observation system and a computer-readable storage medium. The method comprises the steps of constructing a lithologic body speed model according to lithologic body characteristics of a simulated rock area; converting the lithologic body velocity model into reflection coefficient model seismic data based on the reflection coefficient expression; calculating pre-stack migration coverage spectrum seismic data of an observation system; obtaining a three-dimensional data volume of the simulated rock zone according to the reflection coefficient model seismic data and the prestack migration coverage spectrum seismic data; and slicing the three-dimensional data body, comparing the slices with the corresponding simulated rock areas, and judging the size of the acquisition traces of the observation system. The observation system prestack migration coverage spectrum is combined with the geological model, the effect similar to the imaging of the geological model is achieved, the influence of the acquisition trace on the lithologic body resolution ratio is analyzed visually, quickly and effectively from the time slice, and then the fidelity of the acquisition effect of the observation system can be evaluated effectively.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of oil and gas geophysical exploration, in particular to an acquisition trace evaluation method of an observation system and a computer readable storage medium.
Background
At present, an oil and gas old area is completely developed in a hidden oil and gas reservoir exploration stage, and the oil and gas old area refers to an old oil field which is used for oil extraction and gas production for decades at present. In the development process of oil and gas old areas, identification of beach bar sand and river channel sand is a problem needing to be solved emphatically in earthquake development. The problems to be solved are mainly: the frequency of the seismic data affects the resolution of the sand and the effect of the "fidelity" of the observation system on the accuracy of sand identification.
The observation system is an instrument position relation which puts the seismic wave receiving instrument according to a certain rule in the process of receiving the seismic wave on the ground, and needs reasonable design of technical personnel. The observation system for acquiring the wave field must record wave field information really, can reflect the nature of underground rock really in the data processing process, and cannot reflect the condition of the underground rock really if the wave field acquisition is distorted, so that wrong analysis results are generated. Because the observation system is space discrete sampling, any observation system has a collection trace phenomenon, the collection trace of the observation system is the noise of the observation system caused by unreasonable arrangement of the observation system, the real geological condition can be covered by strong noise, the observation system with serious collection trace is not beneficial to the identification of the lithoid body, and the evaluation of the attribute of the observation system is particularly important. The existing evaluation of the acquisition trace of an observation system is mostly limited to analyzing the size of the acquisition trace from the theoretical attribute, and the influence degree of the acquisition trace on the litho-body imaging cannot be intuitively obtained; the imaging analysis mode is developed on the three-dimensional model simulation acquisition data body, the operation period is longer due to the influence of hardware calculation efficiency, and the requirement of quick response in production cannot be met.
Therefore, a method for evaluating the collected trace of the observation system quickly and effectively is needed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems that the existing observation system acquisition trace evaluation method has a long operation period and cannot intuitively obtain the influence degree of the acquisition trace on the lithologic body imaging.
In order to solve the technical problem, the invention provides an evaluation method of an acquisition trace of an observation system, which comprises the following steps:
constructing a lithologic body speed model according to the lithologic body characteristics of the simulated rock area;
converting the lithologic body velocity model into reflection coefficient model seismic data based on a reflection coefficient expression;
calculating pre-stack migration coverage spectrum seismic data of an observation system to be evaluated;
obtaining a three-dimensional data volume of the simulated rock zone corresponding to the observation system to be evaluated according to the reflection coefficient model seismic data and the pre-stack migration coverage spectrum seismic data;
and slicing the three-dimensional data body, comparing the slices with the simulated rock areas, and judging the size of the acquisition traces of the observation system.
Preferably, the lithosomal features comprise: the volume, the form, the space distribution characteristics, the seismic wave propagation speed of each layer section and the density of each layer section of the litho-body velocity model.
Preferably, the step of converting the litho-body velocity model into reflection coefficient model seismic data based on a reflection coefficient expression comprises:
converting the lithologic body velocity model into a reflection coefficient model according to a reflection coefficient expression;
and converting the reflection coefficient model into reflection coefficient model seismic data.
Preferably, the reflection coefficient expression is:
P＝(V1-V2)/(V1+V2)
wherein, P is a reflection coefficient, V1 is the propagation velocity of seismic waves in a lithologic body, and V2 is the propagation velocity of the seismic waves in surrounding rocks.
Preferably, the step of calculating the seismic data of the pre-stack migration coverage spectrum of the observation system to be evaluated comprises the following steps:
calculating a pre-stack migration coverage spectrum of the observation system to be evaluated;
and converting the pre-stack migration coverage spectrum into the pre-stack migration coverage spectrum seismic data.
Preferably, the calculating of the pre-stack migration coverage spectrum of the observation system to be evaluated comprises:
and calculating the pre-stack migration coverage spectrum of the seismic wave observation system to be evaluated according to a pre-stack migration method.
Preferably, the step of obtaining a three-dimensional data volume of the simulated rock zone corresponding to the observation system to be evaluated through the reflection coefficient model seismic data and the prestack migration coverage spectrum seismic data includes:
and performing convolution operation on the reflection coefficient model seismic data and the prestack migration coverage spectrum seismic data to obtain a three-dimensional data volume of the simulated rock zone corresponding to the observation system to be evaluated.
Preferably, comparing the slice with the corresponding simulated rock area, and determining the size of the acquisition trace of the observation system includes:
and when the observation systems to be evaluated are in a group, judging the size of the acquisition traces of the observation systems according to the contact degree of the slices of the three-dimensional data body corresponding to the group of observation systems and the simulated rock area.
Preferably, comparing the slice with the simulated rock zone and the corresponding simulated rock zone, and determining the size of the collected trace of the observation system includes:
when the observation systems to be evaluated comprise a plurality of groups, respectively carrying out conformity comparison on the slices of the three-dimensional data body corresponding to each group of observation systems and the corresponding simulated rock areas;
and judging the size of the acquisition traces among the multiple groups of observation systems by comparing the contact degrees of the slices of the three-dimensional data body corresponding to the multiple groups of observation systems and the corresponding simulated rock areas.
According to another aspect of the present invention, a computer-readable storage medium is provided, characterized in that a computer program is stored therein, which computer program, when being executed by a processor, carries out the steps in the method for evaluation of an acquisition trace of an observation system.
Compared with the prior art, one or more embodiments in the above scheme can have the following advantages or beneficial effects:
the evaluation method for the acquired trace of the observation system provided by the embodiment of the invention is based on lithological model fast imaging, achieves the effect similar to the imaging of the geological model by mainly combining the pre-stack migration coverage spectrum of the observation system with the geological model, intuitively, fast and effectively analyzes the influence of the acquired trace on the lithological resolution from a time slice, and further can effectively evaluate the fidelity of the acquisition effect of the observation system. Furthermore, the method can evaluate the acquisition traces of a single observation system, can evaluate the acquisition traces of multiple groups of observation systems simultaneously, and finds the observation system with the minimum acquisition traces from the multiple observation systems by comparing the contact degrees of the slices corresponding to the multiple groups of observation systems and the corresponding simulated rock areas.
Additional features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by the practice of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention will be realized and attained by the structure particularly pointed out in the written description and claims hereof as well as the appended drawings.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the invention and not to limit the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a method for evaluating an acquired trace of an observation system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating a specific implementation of the method for evaluating the collected trace of the observation system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention will be provided with reference to the drawings and examples, so that how to apply the technical means to solve the technical problems and achieve the technical effects can be fully understood and implemented. It should be noted that, as long as there is no conflict, the embodiments and the features of the embodiments of the present invention may be combined with each other, and the technical solutions formed are within the scope of the present invention.
The old oil and gas area is a hidden oil and gas reservoir exploration and development stage, and the existing development of the old oil and gas area has the problem of difficult identification of beach dam sand and river channel sand. The main difficulty to be solved is the influence of the 'fidelity' of the observation system on the identification precision of the sand body, and the acquisition trace of the observation system is an important factor for judging the 'fidelity' of the observation system. The existing evaluation of the acquisition trace of an observation system is mostly limited to analyzing the size of the acquisition trace from the theoretical attribute, and the influence degree of the acquisition trace on the litho-body imaging cannot be intuitively obtained; the imaging analysis mode is developed on the three-dimensional model simulation acquisition data body, the operation period is longer due to the influence of hardware calculation efficiency, and the requirement of quick response in production cannot be met.
Example one
In order to solve the technical problems in the prior art, the embodiment of the invention provides an acquisition trace evaluation method of an observation system.
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a method for evaluating an acquired trace of an observation system according to an embodiment of the present invention; referring to fig. 1, the method for evaluating the collected trace of the observation system of the present embodiment includes the following steps.
Step S101: and constructing a lithologic body speed model according to the lithologic body characteristics of the simulated rock area.
Specifically, the simulated rock area is a geological model provided by a geological interpreter and used as a collection trace of an evaluation observation system, and the simulated rock area can be a rock area which is collected previously and has various geological data collected, or a rock area which is designed by the geological interpreter according to the existing conditions. Firstly, collecting geological model data, and establishing a simple three-dimensional geological model according to profile data and horizon data in the geological model data; then, setting lithologic body characteristics on the basis of the three-dimensional geological model, and establishing a lithologic body speed model. The characteristics of the lithologic body comprise the volume, the shape and the space distribution characteristics of the lithologic body, the propagation speed of seismic waves of each section of the lithologic body and the density of each section of the lithologic body. It should be noted that the three-dimensional geological model and the lithologic body velocity model are both established by simulation through modeling software. And when the simulated rock zone is the former real rock zone, the utilized lithologic body characteristics are obtained through the logging data in the former zone.
Step S102: and converting the lithologic body velocity model into reflection coefficient model seismic data based on the reflection coefficient expression.
Specifically, the obtained lithologic body velocity model is converted into a reflection coefficient model based on a reflection coefficient expression, the reflection coefficient model is converted into a data form, and the reflection coefficient model is converted into reflection coefficient model seismic data in sgy data format. The reflection coefficient is the quantity of reflection capacity and transmission capacity when the reflection coefficient is reflected to meet rocks of different intervals in the process of seismic wave propagation, the lithologic body velocity model is composed of a plurality of rock strata, the surfaces generating reflection and transmission between every two rock strata are called reflection coefficient interfaces, each reflection coefficient interface has a reflection coefficient, and therefore a reflection coefficient series is formed according to the rock strata from top to bottom. The reflection coefficient model is mainly established according to the reflection coefficient of the lithologic body of the reflection coefficient interface in the lithologic body velocity model. The reflection coefficient expression is: p ═ V1-V2)/(V1+ V2), where V1 is the propagation velocity of seismic waves in the lithologic body, V2 is the propagation velocity of seismic waves in the surrounding rock, and the propagation velocities V1 and V2 are both obtained from previous well log data.
Step S103: and calculating the seismic data of the pre-stack migration coverage spectrum of the observation system to be evaluated.
Specifically, in the process of evaluating the collected trace of a specific observation system, the collected trace of a single observation system may be evaluated, or the collected traces of multiple groups of observation systems may be evaluated, so as to select the observation system with the smallest collected trace for application. However, no matter one or more observation systems to be evaluated, the pre-stack migration coverage spectrum of the observation system needs to be calculated. The calculation method of the pre-stack migration coverage spectrum of the observation system is specifically calculated through professional software of the pre-stack migration coverage spectrum of the observation system, OMNI software is adopted at present, the pre-stack migration attribute of each surface element is calculated after the observation system is input, and the calculation principle is that the pre-stack migration mode is adopted for calculation. And after calculating the pre-stack migration coverage spectrum of the observation system, converting the pre-stack migration coverage spectrum into the pre-stack migration coverage spectrum seismic data in the sgy data format and outputting the pre-stack migration coverage spectrum seismic data. Furthermore, the OMNI software has a special port for outputting sgy data format, and sgy data format output can be directly selected after the pre-stack migration coverage spectrum calculation of the observation system is completed.
Step S104: and obtaining a three-dimensional data volume of the simulated rock zone through the reflection coefficient model seismic data and the prestack migration coverage spectrum seismic data.
Specifically, convolution operation is carried out on the obtained reflection coefficient model seismic data and the prestack migration coverage spectrum seismic data to obtain a three-dimensional data volume of the simulated rock area.
Step S105: and slicing the three-dimensional data body, comparing the slices with the corresponding simulated rock areas, and judging the size of the acquisition traces of the observation system.
Specifically, the three-dimensional data volume is an imaging data volume formed after seismic data processing imaging, and generally, the X direction and the Y direction of the three-dimensional data volume represent lengths, and the Z direction represents time. Slicing the three-dimensional data body is to slice the three-dimensional data body along the time axis of the three-dimensional data body and transversely slice the three-dimensional data body at fixed time intervals to obtain a plurality of data body slices. And then, the section is compared with the corresponding part of the original simulated rock area in conformity so as to visually judge the size of the acquisition trace of the observation system.
When the number of the observation systems to be evaluated is one, the geology interpreter directly compares the contact degree of the slices of the three-dimensional data body corresponding to the observation systems to be evaluated with the corresponding simulated rock areas, and judges the size of the acquisition traces of the observation systems. Furthermore, a geological interpreter can visually observe the fitting degree of the slices of the three-dimensional data body corresponding to the observation system to be evaluated and the corresponding simulated rock area, and judge the size of the acquisition trace of the observation system to be evaluated according to experience. For example, if a geological interpreter obviously observes that the degree of fit between the slice of the three-dimensional data body corresponding to the observation system to be evaluated and the corresponding simulated rock area is large, that is, the target body is clearly imaged, and the imaging result of the target body can be clearly seen, it is determined that the acquisition trace of the observation system to be evaluated is small. And if the geology interpreter observes that the contact degree between the slice of the three-dimensional data body corresponding to the observation system to be evaluated and the corresponding simulated rock area is small, and the resolution of imaging of the rock body is influenced, judging that the acquisition trace of the observation system to be evaluated is large.
When the observation system to be evaluated comprises a plurality of groups, carrying out conformity comparison on the slices corresponding to the plurality of groups of observation systems and the corresponding simulated rock areas; and judging the size of the acquisition traces among the multiple groups of observation systems by comparing the contact degrees of the slices corresponding to the multiple groups of observation systems and the corresponding simulated rock areas.
In order to further explain the evaluation method of the collected trace of the observation system in the embodiment of the invention, the geological model of a certain work area is used as a simulated rock area to evaluate the collected trace of one observation system.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating an implementation of the method for evaluating the collected trace using the observation system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 2, first, the actual imaging river channel data is used as a simulation work area, geological model data of the work area is collected, and a three-dimensional geological model is built according to profile data and horizon data in the geological model data. And then establishing a library ceramic group river sand body model aiming at the lithologic body characteristics of the library ceramic group river sand body to be analyzed. And (3) obtaining a reflection coefficient sequence of the sand body model of the riverway of the ceramic team of the library based on the reflection coefficient expression, and outputting reflection coefficient sequence seismic data in sgy data format. Calculating the pre-stack migration coverage spectrum of the observation system to be evaluated, wherein the calculated range is the same as the size of the geological model, and converting the pre-stack migration coverage spectrum of the observation system to be evaluated into pre-stack migration coverage spectrum seismic data. Outputting the calculated seismic data of the observation system pre-stack migration coverage spectrum in an sgy data format, wherein the sampling rate is the same as the sampling rate of a geological model sgy, for example, the sampling rate of the geological model sgy is 1ms, and the sampling rate of sgy data output by the observation system pre-stack migration coverage spectrum is also 1 ms. And (3) performing convolution on the observation system prestack migration coverage spectrum seismic data sgy data and the reflection coefficient sequence seismic data sgy data to obtain a three-dimensional data volume. And carrying out slice analysis on the three-dimensional data volume, analyzing the influence of the trace acquired by the observation system on the imaging of the lithologic body, and judging the fidelity of the observation system.
By applying the method for evaluating the acquisition traces of the observation system, which is provided by the embodiment of the invention, the pre-stack migration coverage spectrum of the observation system is combined with the geological model, so that the effect similar to the imaging of the geological model is achieved, the influence of the acquisition traces on the lithologic body resolution is intuitively, quickly and effectively analyzed on a time slice, and the fidelity of the acquisition effect of the observation system can be effectively evaluated. Furthermore, the method can evaluate the acquisition traces of a single observation system, can evaluate the acquisition traces of multiple groups of observation systems simultaneously, and finds the observation system with the minimum acquisition traces from the multiple observation systems by comparing the contact degrees of the slices corresponding to the multiple groups of observation systems and the corresponding simulated rock areas.
Example two
To solve the technical problems in the prior art, embodiments of the present invention provide a computer-readable storage medium.
The computer-readable storage medium of this embodiment stores therein a computer program, and the computer program, when executed by a processor, implements the steps in the collected trace evaluation method of the observation system of the above-described embodiment.
It should be noted that, for specific implementation steps of the method for evaluating the collected trace of the specific observation system, reference is made to the first embodiment, and details thereof are not described herein.
By applying the computer-readable storage medium provided by the embodiment of the invention, the pre-stack migration coverage spectrum of the observation system is combined with the geological model, the effect similar to the imaging of the geological model is achieved, the influence of the acquired trace on the resolution of the lithologic body is intuitively, quickly and effectively analyzed on a time slice, and the fidelity of the acquisition effect of the observation system can be effectively evaluated. Furthermore, the method can evaluate the acquisition traces of a single observation system, can evaluate the acquisition traces of multiple groups of observation systems simultaneously, and finds the observation system with the minimum acquisition traces from the multiple observation systems by comparing the contact degrees of the slices corresponding to the multiple groups of observation systems and the corresponding simulated rock areas.
Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described above, the above description is only for the convenience of understanding the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (9)
1. An observation system acquisition trace evaluation method includes:
constructing a lithologic body speed model according to the lithologic body characteristics of the simulated rock area;
converting the lithologic body velocity model into reflection coefficient model seismic data based on a reflection coefficient expression;
calculating pre-stack migration coverage spectrum seismic data of an observation system to be evaluated;
performing convolution operation on the reflection coefficient model seismic data and the prestack migration coverage spectrum seismic data to obtain a three-dimensional data volume of the simulated rock zone corresponding to the observation system to be evaluated;
and slicing the three-dimensional data body, comparing the slices with corresponding parts of corresponding simulated rock areas, and judging the size of the acquisition traces of the observation system.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the lithologic body features comprise: the volume, the form, the spatial distribution characteristics, the seismic wave propagation speed of each layer section and the density of each layer section of the lithologic body.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein converting the litho-body velocity model to reflection coefficient model seismic data based on a reflection coefficient expression comprises:
converting the lithologic body velocity model into a reflection coefficient model according to a reflection coefficient expression;
and converting the reflection coefficient model into reflection coefficient model seismic data.
4. The method of claim 3,
the reflection coefficient expression is as follows:
P＝(V1-V2)/(V1+V2)
wherein, P is a reflection coefficient, V1 is the propagation velocity of seismic waves in a lithologic body, and V2 is the propagation velocity of the seismic waves in surrounding rocks.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of computing pre-stack migration coverage spectrum seismic data for the observation system under evaluation comprises:
calculating a pre-stack migration coverage spectrum of the observation system to be evaluated;
and converting the pre-stack migration coverage spectrum into the pre-stack migration coverage spectrum seismic data.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein calculating a pre-stack migration coverage spectrum for the observation system under evaluation comprises:
and calculating the pre-stack migration coverage spectrum of the seismic wave observation system to be evaluated according to a pre-stack migration method.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein comparing the slice to a corresponding portion of a corresponding simulated rock zone and determining a size of the acquisition footprint of the observation system comprises:
and when the observation systems to be evaluated are in a group, judging the size of the acquisition traces of the observation systems according to the fitting degree of the slices of the three-dimensional data body corresponding to the group of observation systems and the corresponding parts of the simulated rock areas.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein comparing the slice to a corresponding portion of a corresponding simulated rock zone and determining a size of the acquisition footprint of the observation system comprises:
when the observation systems to be evaluated comprise a plurality of groups, respectively comparing the contact degree of the slices of the three-dimensional data body corresponding to each group of observation systems with the corresponding parts of the corresponding simulated rock areas;
and judging the size of the acquisition traces among the multiple groups of observation systems by comparing the contact degrees of the slices of the three-dimensional data body corresponding to the multiple groups of observation systems and the corresponding parts of the corresponding simulated rock areas.
9. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that a computer program is stored therein, which computer program, when being executed by a processor, carries out the steps in the method for evaluation of acquisition traces of a vision system as set forth in any one of claims 1 to 8.
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