CN108680968B - Evaluation method and device for seismic exploration data acquisition observation system in complex structural area - Google Patents
Evaluation method and device for seismic exploration data acquisition observation system in complex structural area Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a method and a device for evaluating a seismic exploration data acquisition observation system in a complex structural area, wherein the method comprises the following steps: establishing a geological model, a plurality of sets of observation systems and a full waveform inversion initial model; obtaining observation data according to the observation system and the geological model, obtaining a seismic wave field and simulation data according to the observation system, forward parameters and the initial model, and calculating an observation data residual error of the observation data and the simulation data; obtaining an inverse time propagation wave field according to the initial model and the inverse time observation data residual error; obtaining a velocity updating quantity by using the seismic wave field and the reverse-time propagation wave field, updating the initial model, and obtaining a final inversion velocity model when the velocity updating quantity meets the condition; and calculating a plurality of variances of the velocity approximation degree of the final inversion velocity model and the geological model corresponding to the plurality of sets of observation systems, wherein the observation system corresponding to the minimum variance is optimal. According to the scheme, full waveform inversion is applied to evaluation of the observation system in the complex high and steep construction area, and the advantages and disadvantages of different observation systems can be effectively evaluated.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of geophysical exploration, in particular to a method and a device for evaluating a seismic exploration data acquisition and observation system in a complex structural area.
Background
The design and optimization of a seismic exploration data acquisition and observation system in a complex structure area, particularly an inverted thrust coverage area or a salt dune structure area, are important research problems of many experts and scholars in recent years. On one hand, the complex seismic wave field generated by the complex geological structure causes that the existing velocity analysis means is difficult to adapt; on the other hand, the high-speed geologic body or the salt dome body blocks the penetration of seismic waves, and a seismic wave illumination shadow area is formed. This will lead to poor imaging of some parts of complex geological structures when using the same seismic exploration data acquisition observation system for acquisition, which is difficult to meet the requirements of seismic exploration. Although the application of broadband, wide azimuth, high density (two-width one-height) techniques improves this phenomenon to some extent, the application of the "two-width one-height" technique brings a large rise in acquisition cost. The illumination analysis of the digital geophysical model on a computer is a common means for evaluating whether a seismic exploration data acquisition observation system meets the exploration requirements. However, the method cannot accurately judge which illumination energy level observation system can meet the actual exploration requirement. In addition, the parameters of the seismic exploration data acquisition and observation system can be selected by utilizing technologies such as double focusing and the like through analyzing the influence of the parameters of the seismic exploration data acquisition and observation system on the pre-stack migration imaging effect. However, when the migration velocity model is accurate, the sensitivity of the prestack depth migration imaging to parameters of the seismic exploration data acquisition observation system such as the maximum migration distance, the track pitch, the shot density and the like is poor, and the quality of the seismic exploration data acquisition observation system is difficult to accurately evaluate. With the continuous improvement of computer technology, full waveform inversion methods are more and more concerned, the technology development is mature, but research is focused on the full waveform inversion method, and the relation between data acquisition quality and full waveform inversion is rarely considered.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention provides a method and a device for evaluating a seismic exploration data acquisition and observation system in a complex structural area.
The evaluation method of the seismic exploration data acquisition observation system for the complex structural area comprises the following steps:
establishing a geological model according to historical seismic data and historical interpretation data, and discretizing the geological model by using grid intervals to obtain a grid geological model;
establishing a plurality of sets of seismic exploration data acquisition observation systems;
establishing an initial model of a full waveform inversion model;
the method comprises the following steps of utilizing each set of seismic exploration data acquisition and observation system in a plurality of sets of seismic exploration data acquisition and observation systems to execute the following steps:
performing finite difference forward modeling on the grid geological model in a time space domain by using one set of seismic exploration data acquisition and observation system to obtain simulated seismic observation data, wherein the simulated seismic observation data comprise forward modeling parameters;
the following iterative steps are performed:
forward simulation is carried out on the initial model by using the same set of seismic exploration data acquisition and observation system and the forward parameters, and a seismic wave field and initial model simulation data of forward propagation of a shot point at each moment are determined;
calculating an observation data residual error between the simulated seismic observation data and the initial model simulation data;
forward modeling is carried out by using the initial model and taking the reverse time data of the observation data residual error as a source at a detection point, and a reverse time propagation wave field of the detection point residual error at different moments is determined;
calculating velocity updates using the seismic wavefield and the reverse-time-propagation wavefield;
updating the initial model with the speed update amount;
continuously executing the iteration step by using the updated initial model until the speed updating amount meets the preset condition, and ending the iteration to obtain an inversion speed model;
calculating the velocity approximation and the variance of the velocity approximation of each grid of the inversion velocity model and the grid geological model;
and comparing a plurality of variances obtained by using a plurality of sets of seismic exploration data acquisition and observation systems to obtain the minimum variance, wherein the seismic exploration data acquisition and observation system corresponding to the minimum variance is the seismic exploration data acquisition and observation system meeting the exploration requirement.
The evaluation device of the seismic exploration data acquisition observation system in the complex structural area comprises:
the grid geological model building module is used for building a geological model according to historical seismic data and historical interpretation data and discretizing the geological model by utilizing grid intervals to obtain a grid geological model;
the observation system establishing module is used for establishing a plurality of sets of seismic exploration data acquisition observation systems;
the inversion initial model establishing module is used for establishing an initial model of the full waveform inversion model;
the method comprises the following steps of utilizing each set of seismic exploration data acquisition and observation system in a plurality of sets of seismic exploration data acquisition and observation systems to execute the following steps:
the simulated seismic observation data calculation module is used for performing finite difference forward modeling on the grid geological model in a time space domain by utilizing one set of seismic exploration data acquisition and observation system to obtain simulated seismic observation data, and the simulated seismic observation data comprise forward modeling parameters;
the following iterative steps are performed:
the seismic wave field and initial model simulation data calculation module is used for forward modeling the initial model by using the same set of seismic exploration data acquisition and observation system and the forward modeling parameters, and determining the seismic wave field and initial model simulation data of forward propagation of shot points at each moment;
the observation data residual error calculation module is used for calculating an observation data residual error between the simulated earthquake observation data and the initial model simulation data;
the inverse time propagation wave field calculation module is used for performing forward modeling by using the initial model and taking inverse time data of the observation data residual error as a source at a detection point to determine an inverse time propagation wave field of the detection point residual error at different moments;
a velocity update quantity calculation module for calculating a velocity update quantity using the seismic wavefield and the reverse-time-propagation wavefield;
an updating module for updating the initial model with the speed update amount;
the inversion speed model calculation module is used for continuously executing the iteration step by using the updated initial model until the iteration is finished when the speed updating amount meets the preset condition, so as to obtain an inversion speed model;
the speed approximation degree and variance calculation module is used for calculating the speed approximation degree and the variance of the speed approximation degree of each grid of the inversion speed model and the grid geological model;
and the comparison module is used for comparing a plurality of variances obtained by utilizing a plurality of sets of seismic exploration data acquisition and observation systems to obtain the minimum variance, wherein the seismic exploration data acquisition and observation system corresponding to the minimum variance is the seismic exploration data acquisition and observation system meeting the exploration requirement.
The embodiment of the invention also provides computer equipment which comprises a memory, a processor and a computer program which is stored on the memory and can be run on the processor, wherein the processor realizes the evaluation method of the complex structural area seismic exploration data acquisition observation system when executing the computer program.
The embodiment of the invention also provides a computer readable storage medium, and the computer readable storage medium stores a computer program for executing the evaluation method of the complex structural area seismic exploration data acquisition and observation system.
In the embodiment of the invention, the method and the device provided by the invention utilize the high-resolution characteristic of full waveform inversion on the basis of a full waveform inversion method, apply the full waveform inversion to the design and performance evaluation of the seismic exploration data acquisition observation system in a complex high and steep construction area, and can effectively evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of different seismic exploration data acquisition observation systems.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed to be utilized in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for evaluating a complex formation area seismic exploration data acquisition observation system according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a geological model of a working medium grid according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an initial model of a full waveform inversion model according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the full waveform inversion results corresponding to a seismic survey data acquisition observation system with a maximum offset of 500 according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a full waveform inversion result corresponding to a seismic survey data acquisition observation system with a maximum offset of 1000 according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a full waveform inversion result corresponding to a seismic survey data acquisition observation system with a maximum offset of 1500 according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of full waveform inversion results corresponding to a seismic survey data acquisition observation system with a maximum offset of 2000 according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of full waveform inversion results corresponding to a 2500A seismic survey data acquisition observation system according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of a full waveform inversion result corresponding to a fully-arranged seismic survey data acquisition and observation system according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 10 is a block diagram of an evaluation device of a complex formation area seismic exploration data acquisition and observation system according to an embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In the embodiment of the invention, a method and a device for evaluating a complex structural area seismic exploration data acquisition observation system are provided, as shown in fig. 1, the method comprises the following steps:
step 101: establishing a geological model according to historical seismic data and historical interpretation data, and discretizing the geological model by using grid intervals to obtain a grid geological model;
step 102: establishing a plurality of sets of seismic exploration data acquisition observation systems;
step 103: establishing an initial model of a full waveform inversion model;
the method comprises the following steps of utilizing each set of seismic exploration data acquisition and observation system in a plurality of sets of seismic exploration data acquisition and observation systems to execute the following steps:
step 104: performing finite difference forward modeling on the grid geological model in a time space domain by using one set of seismic exploration data acquisition and observation system to obtain simulated seismic observation data, wherein the simulated seismic observation data comprise forward modeling parameters;
the following iterative steps are performed:
step 105: forward simulation is carried out on the initial model by using the same set of seismic exploration data acquisition and observation system and the forward parameters, and a seismic wave field and initial model simulation data of forward propagation of a shot point at each moment are determined;
step 106: calculating an observation data residual error between the simulated seismic observation data and the initial model simulation data;
step 107: forward modeling is carried out by using the initial model and taking the reverse time data of the observation data residual error as a source at a detection point, and a reverse time propagation wave field of the detection point residual error at different moments is determined;
step 108: calculating velocity updates using the seismic wavefield and the reverse-time-propagation wavefield;
step 109: updating the initial model with the speed update amount;
step 1010: continuously executing the iteration step by using the updated initial model until the speed updating amount meets the preset condition, and ending the iteration to obtain an inversion speed model;
step 1011: calculating the velocity approximation and the variance of the velocity approximation of each grid of the inversion velocity model and the grid geological model;
step 1012: and comparing a plurality of variances obtained by using a plurality of sets of seismic exploration data acquisition and observation systems to obtain the minimum variance, wherein the seismic exploration data acquisition and observation system corresponding to the minimum variance is the seismic exploration data acquisition and observation system meeting the exploration requirement.
In the embodiment of the present invention, step 101 is performed as follows:
when the two-dimensional seismic exploration data acquisition observation system is designed, a geological model with the length of X meters and the depth of Z meters is built according to past data (historical seismic data and historical interpretation data) of a geological exploration area, the geological model is discretized by using dx and dz grid intervals, and a grid geological model V with the grid numbers of the X direction and the Z direction being Nx and Nz respectively is obtainedtrue(x,z)。
When the three-dimensional seismic exploration data acquisition observation system is designed, a geological model with the length of X meters, the width of Y meters and the depth of Z meters is established according to past data (historical seismic data and historical interpretation data) of a geological exploration area, the geological model is discretized by using dx, dy and dz grid intervals, and a grid geological model V with the grid numbers of the X direction, the Y direction and the Z direction being Nx direction, Ny direction and Nz direction respectively is obtainedtrue(x,y,z)。
In the embodiment of the present invention, step 102 is performed as follows: and (3) establishing N sets of different seismic exploration data acquisition and observation systems, and preferably enabling shot-check points of all the seismic exploration data acquisition and observation systems to fall on grid points in order to ensure the accuracy of calculation results.
In the embodiment of the present invention, step 103 is performed as follows: building a full waveInitial model V of shape inversion model0(x, z) (for two-dimensional seismic survey data acquisition observation system) or V0(x, y, z) (data acquisition observation system for three-dimensional seismic exploration). In particular, V0(x, z) or V0(x, y, z) may be smoothing the mesh geological model V with a preset smoothing radiustrue(x, z) or Vtrue(x, y, z). Wherein, the preset smooth radius can be set to 500-1000 meters.
Because a plurality of sets of seismic exploration data acquisition and observation systems are designed, the following steps are executed for each set of seismic exploration data acquisition and observation systems in the plurality of sets of seismic exploration data acquisition and observation systems.
Specifically, step 104 is performed as follows: selecting a set of seismic exploration data acquisition and observation system to perform grid geological model Vtrue(x, z) or Vtrue(x, y, z) performing finite difference forward modeling in a time-space domain to obtain simulated seismic observation data D (s, x, z is 0, t) or D (s, x, y, z is 0, t), wherein the source wavelet frequency range is 7-15 Hz; s represents the shot number; x, z in two dimensions represents spatial position; x, y, z in three dimensions represent spatial position; t represents the recording time, and the recording time length T is generally 2 times of the maximum offset travel time of the model average speed.
In an embodiment of the present invention, step 105 is performed as follows: the initial model V is modeled using the same seismic survey data acquisition observation system and forward parameters (including source wavelet frequency and recording time) in step 1040(x, z) or V0(x, y, z) performing forward modeling, determining the forward-propagating seismic wavefield Uf (s, t, x, z) or Uf (s, t, x, y, z) of the shot at each moment, and obtaining initial model modeling data O (s, x, z ═ 0, t) or O (s, x, y, z ═ 0, t).
In an embodiment of the present invention, step 106 is performed as follows: an observation data residual E (s, x, z is 0, t) or E (s, x, z is 0, t) between the observation data D (s, x, z is 0, t) or D (s, x, y, z is 0, t) and the initial model simulation data O (s, x, z is 0, t) or O (s, x, y, z is 0, t) is calculated.
In the embodiment of the present invention, step 107 is performed as follows: forward modeling is performed using the inverse time data E (s, x, z is 0, T-T) or E (s, x, y, z is 0, T-T) of the data difference E obtained in step 106 as a source at the detection point, and an inverse time propagation wave field Ub (s, T-T, x, z) or Ub (s, T-T, x, y, z) of the detection point residuals at different times, where the times are expressed from T to 0, is determined.
In an embodiment of the present invention, step 108 is performed as follows: when the seismic exploration data acquisition and observation system is a two-dimensional seismic exploration data acquisition and observation system, calculating a velocity update quantity by using the seismic wave field and the reverse-time propagation wave field according to the following formula:
dV(x,z)＝∑tUf(s,t,x,z)*Ub(s,t,x,z)；
where dV (x, z) represents a speed update amount; uf (s, t, x, z) represents the forward-propagating seismic wavefield at each time-point, and Ub (s, t, x, z) represents the reverse-propagating wavefield at different time-point residuals; s represents a shot number; x, z represent two-dimensional spatial locations; t represents the recording time, the value range of T is 0 to T, and T represents the recording duration;
when the seismic exploration data acquisition and observation system is a three-dimensional seismic exploration data acquisition and observation system, calculating a velocity update quantity by using the seismic wave field and the reverse-time propagation wave field according to the following formula:
dV(x,y,z)＝∑tUf(s,t,x,y,z)*Ub(s,t,x,y,z)；
where dV (x, y, z) represents the speed update amount; uf (s, t, x, y, z) represents the forward-propagating seismic wavefield at each time-point, and Ub (s, t, x, y, z) represents the reverse-propagating wavefield at different time-point residuals; s represents a shot number; x, y, z represent three-dimensional spatial positions; t represents the recording time, the value range of T is 0 to T, and T represents the recording time length.
In the embodiment of the present invention, step 109 is performed as follows: when the seismic exploration data acquisition and observation system is a two-dimensional seismic exploration data acquisition and observation system, updating the initial model by using the speed updating quantity according to the following formula:
V0′(x,z)＝V0(x,z)+dV(x,z)；
wherein, V0' (x, z) denotes the updated initial model; v0(x, z) represents an initial model;
when the seismic exploration data acquisition and observation system is a three-dimensional seismic exploration data acquisition and observation system, updating the initial model by using the speed updating quantity according to the following formula:
V0′(x,y,z)＝V0(x,y,z)+dV(x,y,z)；
wherein, V0' (x, y, z) denotes the updated initial model; v0(x, y, z) represents the initial model.
In the embodiment of the present invention, step 1010 is performed as follows: first, it is determined whether the speed update amount satisfies a preset condition dV '(x, z) × dV' (x, z)/(V:)0′(x,z)* V0′(x,z))＜10-5If the speed updating quantity meets the requirement, calculating an inversion speed model according to the speed updating quantity obtained by one-time updating and the updated initial model, and if the speed updating quantity does not meet the requirement, continuing to step 105 to step 109 until the speed updating quantity meets dV '(x, z) × dV' (x, z)/(V)0′(x,z)* V0′(x,z))＜10-5So far, the inversion velocity model V is obtained by using the final velocity updating amount and the initial model updated for the last timenew(x, z) or Vtrue(x,y,z)。
And finishing the iteration after the steps are executed.
Continuing to execute step 1011, in the embodiment of the present invention, step 1011 is executed as follows: when the seismic exploration data acquisition and observation system is a two-dimensional seismic exploration data acquisition and observation system, calculating the velocity approximation degree and the variance of the velocity approximation degree of each grid of the inversion velocity model and the grid geological model according to the following formulas:
approx(x,z)＝|Vtrue(x,z)-Vnew(x,z)|/Vtrue(x,z)；
wherein, aprrox (x, z) represents the velocity approximation; vtrue(x, z) represents a grid geological model; vnew(x, z) represents an inverse velocity model; sigma2A variance representing the velocity approximation; AVG represents the average of the speed approximants; nx and Nz represent the grid geological model V, respectivelytrue(x, z) the number of grids in the x, z direction;
when the seismic exploration data acquisition and observation system is a three-dimensional seismic exploration data acquisition and observation system, calculating the velocity approximation degree and the variance of the velocity approximation degree of each grid of the inversion velocity model and the grid geological model according to the following formulas:
approx(x,y,z)＝|Vtrue(x,y,z)-Vnew(x,y,z)|/Vtrue(x,y,z)；
wherein, aprex (x, y, z) represents the velocity approximation; vtrue(x, y, z) represents a grid geological model; vnew(x, y, z) represents an inverse velocity model; sigma2A variance representing the velocity approximation; AVG represents the average of the speed approximants; nx, Ny, and Nz represent the grid geological model V, respectivelytrue(x, y, z) the number of grids in the x, y, z direction.
The steps 104 to 1011 are steps required to be executed by each set of seismic exploration data acquisition and observation system, and the steps 104 to 1011 are repeatedly executed for a plurality of times when a plurality of sets of seismic exploration data acquisition and observation systems are designed in the invention. Thus, in an embodiment of the present invention, step 1012 is performed as follows: and (3) repeatedly executing the steps 104 to 1011 by using a plurality of sets of seismic exploration data acquisition and observation systems to obtain a plurality of variances, and comparing the variances to obtain the minimum variance, wherein the seismic exploration data acquisition and observation system corresponding to the minimum variance is the seismic exploration data acquisition and observation system meeting the exploration requirement.
Example (b):
the following description will be given taking a two-dimensional design as an example.
1) According to the past data of a certain domestic work area (i.e. geological exploration area), a geological model with the length of 15000 m and the depth of 3500 m is built, and dx is 2Discretizing the geological model with grid intervals of 5 m and dz of 25 m to obtain a grid geological model V with the number of vertical and horizontal grids of Nx of 600 and Nz of 140 respectivelytrue(x, z) as shown in FIG. 2.
2) 6 sets of different seismic exploration data acquisition and observation systems are established. The shot points range from 2500 meters to 12500 meters, the distance between the shot points is 125 meters, and the total number of the shots is 81; the spacing between the detector points is 25 meters. Under the condition that the observation parameters are not changed, 5 sets of seismic exploration data acquisition and observation systems and 1 set of fully-arranged seismic exploration data acquisition and observation systems with the maximum offset distances of 500 meters, 1000 meters, 1500 meters, 2000 meters and 2500 meters are respectively arranged.
3) Geological model V of smooth grid with smooth radius of 1000 mtrue(x, z) obtaining an initial model V for full waveform inversion0(x, z) as shown in FIG. 3.
4) Selecting a set of seismic exploration data acquisition and observation system to perform grid geological model Vtrue(x, z) performing finite difference acoustic forward modeling in a time space domain to obtain observation data D (s, x,0, t), wherein the seismic source wavelet is a 9Hz Rake wavelet; the recording length was 6 s.
5) Using the same seismic exploration data acquisition observation system and forward parameters in the step 4) to the initial model V0(x, z) performing forward modeling, determining a forward-propagating seismic wave field Uf (s, t, x, z) of the shot at each moment, and obtaining initial model simulation data O (s, x,0, t).
6) An observation data residual E (s, x,0, t) between the observation data D (s, x,0, t) and the initial model simulation data O (s, x,0, t) is calculated as D (s, x,0, t) -O (s, x,0, t).
7) And (3) performing forward modeling by using the reverse-time data E (s, x,0, T-T) of the data difference E obtained in the step 6) as a source at a detection point, and determining a reverse-time propagation wave field Ub (s, T-T, x, z) of the residual errors of the detection point at different moments, wherein the moments are from T to 0.
8) Using the formula dV (x, z) ═ ΣtUf (s, t, x, z) × Ub (s, t, x, z) calculates a model velocity update quantity dV (x, z) for updating the initial velocity model.
9) Using formula V0′(x,z)＝V0(x, z) + dV (x, z), updating the initial model with the velocity update amount dV (x, z) in step 8)V0(x,z)。
And continuing from step 5) to step 9) until dV '(x, z) × dV' (x, z)/(V)0′(x,z)*V0′(x,z))＜10-5Obtaining an inversion velocity model Vnew(x,z)。
10) Repeating the steps 4) to 9), calculating the remaining 5 seismic exploration data acquisition observation systems to obtain 6 inversion velocity models Vnew(x, z) as shown in FIGS. 4-9.
11) Calculating 6 inversion velocity models Vnew(x, z) and grid geological model Vtrue(x, z) the velocity approximation degree aprrox (x, z) of each grid, obtaining the average value AVG of the aprrox (x, z), finally calculating the variance of the aprrox (x, z), wherein the variances corresponding to the observation system inversion velocity models with the maximum offset of 500 meters, 1000 meters, 1500 meters, 2000 meters and 2500 meters are respectively 0.0293, 0.0255, 0.0269, 0.027 and 0.0223, and the variance corresponding to the full-array observation system inversion velocity model is 0.013. As the seismic exploration data acquisition and observation system with the maximum offset of less than 2000 m cannot be converged (namely the variance is minimum) in the calculation process, and the calculation speed approximation and the variance are not significant, the seismic exploration data acquisition and observation system with the maximum offset of 2500 m is considered to be the seismic exploration data acquisition and observation system meeting the exploration requirements.
Based on the same inventive concept, the embodiment of the invention also provides an evaluation device of the complex formation area seismic exploration data acquisition observation system, which is described in the following embodiment. The principle of solving the problems of the evaluation device for the seismic exploration data acquisition and observation system in the complex structural area is similar to that of the evaluation method for the seismic exploration data acquisition and observation system in the complex structural area, so the implementation of the evaluation device for the seismic exploration data acquisition and observation system in the complex structural area can refer to the implementation of the evaluation method for the seismic exploration data acquisition and observation system in the complex structural area, and repeated parts are not described again. As used hereinafter, the terms "unit" or "module" may implement a combination of software and/or hardware for a predetermined function. Although the means described in the embodiments below are preferably implemented in software, an implementation in hardware, or a combination of software and hardware is also possible and contemplated.
FIG. 10 is a block diagram of an evaluation device of a complex formation area seismic exploration data acquisition and observation system according to an embodiment of the invention, as shown in FIG. 10, including:
a grid geological model building module 1001, configured to build a geological model according to historical seismic data and historical interpretation data, and discretize the geological model by using grid intervals to obtain a grid geological model;
an observation system establishing module 1002, configured to establish multiple sets of seismic exploration data acquisition observation systems;
an inversion initial model building module 1003, configured to build an initial model of the full waveform inversion model;
the method comprises the following steps of utilizing each set of seismic exploration data acquisition and observation system in a plurality of sets of seismic exploration data acquisition and observation systems to execute the following steps:
the simulated seismic observation data calculation module 1004 is used for performing finite difference forward modeling on the grid geological model in a time space domain by using one set of seismic exploration data acquisition and observation system to obtain simulated seismic observation data, and the simulated seismic observation data comprises forward modeling parameters;
the following iterative steps are performed:
a seismic wave field and initial model simulation data calculation module 1005, configured to perform forward simulation on the initial model by using the same set of seismic exploration data acquisition and observation system and the forward parameters, and determine a seismic wave field and initial model simulation data of forward propagation of a shot point at each time;
an observed data residual calculation module 1006, configured to calculate an observed data residual between the simulated seismic observed data and the initial model simulated data;
the inverse time propagation wave field calculation module 1007 is used for performing forward modeling by using the initial model and taking inverse time data of the observed data residual error as a source at a detection point to determine an inverse time propagation wave field of the detection point residual error at different moments;
a velocity update calculation module 1008 for calculating a velocity update using the seismic wavefield and the reverse-time-propagation wavefield;
an updating module 1009, configured to update the initial model with the speed update amount;
the inversion velocity model calculation module 1010 is configured to continue to execute the iteration step by using the updated initial model until the velocity update amount meets a preset condition, and the iteration is finished to obtain an inversion velocity model;
a velocity approximation and variance calculation module 1011, configured to calculate a velocity approximation and a variance of the velocity approximation for each grid of the inverse velocity model and the grid geological model;
and a comparing module 1012, configured to compare multiple variances obtained by using multiple sets of seismic exploration data acquisition and observation systems to obtain a minimum variance, where the seismic exploration data acquisition and observation system corresponding to the minimum variance is a seismic exploration data acquisition and observation system meeting exploration requirements.
This structure will be explained below.
In this embodiment of the present invention, the inversion initial model establishing module 1003 is specifically configured to:
an initial model of a full waveform inversion model is established as follows:
and obtaining an initial model of the full-waveform inversion model by using a preset smooth-radius smooth-grid geological model.
In an embodiment of the invention, the forward parameters include source wavelet frequency and recording time.
In this embodiment of the present invention, the speed update amount calculation module 1008 is specifically configured to: the velocity update is calculated using the seismic wavefield and the reverse time-propagated wavefield using the formula referred to in step 108 as follows.
In this embodiment of the present invention, the update module 1009 is specifically configured to: the initial model is updated with the velocity update amount using the formula referred to in step 109 as follows.
In this embodiment of the present invention, the speed approximation and variance calculating module 1011 is specifically configured to: and calculating the velocity approximation and the variance of the velocity approximation of each grid of the inversion velocity model and the grid geological model by using the formula involved in the step 1011.
In the embodiment of the present invention, the embodiment of the present invention further provides a computer device, which includes a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored on the memory and executable on the processor, and when the processor executes the computer program, the evaluation method of the complex formation area seismic exploration data acquisition observation system is implemented.
In the embodiment of the invention, the embodiment of the invention also provides a computer readable storage medium, and the computer readable storage medium stores a computer program for executing the evaluation method of the complex formation area seismic exploration data acquisition observation system.
In summary, the evaluation method and device for the seismic exploration data acquisition observation system in the complex structural area provided by the invention utilize the high-resolution characteristic of full waveform inversion on the basis of researching the full waveform inversion method, and apply the full waveform inversion to the design of the seismic exploration data acquisition observation system in the complex geological structural area. Firstly, establishing a theoretical geological model and N sets of observation systems, and respectively carrying out forward simulation to obtain simulation data (records); then establishing a full-waveform inversion initial model, and performing full-waveform inversion on the seismic observation data obtained by simulating each set of observation system to finally obtain full-waveform inversion velocity models of respective forward data; the purpose of evaluating the quality of the observation system is achieved by comparing the difference between the inversion speed model obtained by N sets of observation systems and the theoretical model.
As will be appreciated by one skilled in the art, embodiments of the present invention may be provided as a method, system, or computer program product. Accordingly, the present invention may take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, the present invention may take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including, but not limited to, disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, and the like) having computer-usable program code embodied therein.
The present invention is described with reference to flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of the invention. It will be understood that each flow and/or block of the flow diagrams and/or block diagrams, and combinations of flows and/or blocks in the flow diagrams and/or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions may be provided to a processor of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, create means for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable memory that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory produce an article of manufacture including instruction means which implement the function specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable apparatus to produce a computer implemented process such that the instructions which execute on the computer or other programmable apparatus provide steps for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made to the embodiment of the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (16)
1. A method for evaluating a seismic exploration data acquisition observation system in a complex structural area is characterized by comprising the following steps:
establishing a geological model according to historical seismic data and historical interpretation data, and discretizing the geological model by using grid intervals to obtain a grid geological model;
establishing a plurality of sets of seismic exploration data acquisition observation systems;
establishing an initial model of a full waveform inversion model;
the method comprises the following steps of utilizing each set of seismic exploration data acquisition and observation system in a plurality of sets of seismic exploration data acquisition and observation systems to execute the following steps:
performing finite difference forward modeling on the grid geological model in a time space domain by using one set of seismic exploration data acquisition and observation system to obtain simulated seismic observation data, wherein the simulated seismic observation data comprise forward modeling parameters;
the following iterative steps are performed:
forward simulation is carried out on the initial model by using the same set of seismic exploration data acquisition and observation system and the forward parameters, and a seismic wave field and initial model simulation data of forward propagation of a shot point at each moment are determined;
calculating an observation data residual error between the simulated seismic observation data and the initial model simulation data;
forward modeling is carried out by using the initial model and taking the reverse time data of the observation data residual error as a source at a detection point, and a reverse time propagation wave field of the detection point residual error at different moments is determined;
calculating velocity updates using the seismic wavefield and the reverse-time-propagation wavefield;
updating the initial model with the speed update amount;
continuously executing the iteration step by using the updated initial model until the speed updating amount meets the preset condition, and ending the iteration to obtain an inversion speed model;
calculating the velocity approximation and the variance of the velocity approximation of each grid of the inversion velocity model and the grid geological model;
and comparing a plurality of variances obtained by using a plurality of sets of seismic exploration data acquisition and observation systems to obtain the minimum variance, wherein the seismic exploration data acquisition and observation system corresponding to the minimum variance is the seismic exploration data acquisition and observation system meeting the exploration requirement.
2. The method for evaluating a seismic survey data acquisition observation system in a complex formation area of claim 1 wherein the initial model of the full waveform inversion model is established as follows:
and obtaining an initial model of the full-waveform inversion model by using a preset smooth-radius smooth-grid geological model.
3. The complex formation area seismic survey data acquisition observation system evaluation method of claim 1 wherein the forward parameters include source wavelet frequency and recording time.
4. The method of evaluating a seismic survey data acquisition observation system for a complex formation area of claim 1 wherein, when the seismic survey data acquisition observation system is a two-dimensional seismic survey data acquisition observation system, the velocity update is calculated using the seismic wavefield and the counter-propagating wavefield according to the following formula:
dV(x,z)＝∑tUf(s,t,x,z)*Ub(s,t,x,z)；
where dV (x, z) represents a speed update amount; uf (s, t, x, z) represents the forward-propagating seismic wavefield at each time-point, and Ub (s, t, x, z) represents the reverse-propagating wavefield at different time-point residuals; s represents a shot number; x, z represent two-dimensional spatial locations; t represents the recording time, the value range of T is 0 to T, and T represents the recording time length;
when the seismic exploration data acquisition and observation system is a three-dimensional seismic exploration data acquisition and observation system, calculating a velocity update quantity by using the seismic wave field and the reverse-time propagation wave field according to the following formula:
dV(x,y,z)＝∑tUf(s,t,x,y,z)*Ub(s,t,x,y,z)；
where dV (x, y, z) represents the speed update amount; uf (s, t, x, y, z) represents the forward-propagating seismic wavefield at each time-point, and Ub (s, t, x, y, z) represents the reverse-propagating wavefield at different time-point residuals; s represents a shot number; x, y, z represent three-dimensional spatial positions; t represents the recording time, the value range of T is 0 to T, and T represents the length of the recording time.
5. The evaluation method for seismic prospecting data collection and observation system for complex structural area according to claim 4, wherein when the seismic prospecting data collection and observation system is a two-dimensional seismic prospecting data collection and observation system, the initial model is updated by the velocity update quantity according to the following formula:
V0′(x,z)＝V0(x,z)+dV(x,z)；
wherein, V0' (x, z) denotes the updated initial model; v0(x, z) represents an initial model;
when the seismic exploration data acquisition and observation system is a three-dimensional seismic exploration data acquisition and observation system, updating the initial model by using the speed updating quantity according to the following formula:
V0′(x,y,z)＝V0(x,y,z)+dV(x,y,z)；
wherein, V0' (x, y, z) denotes the updated initial model; v0(x, y, z) represents the initial model.
6. The evaluation method for the complex formation area seismic exploration data acquisition and observation system as claimed in claim 5, wherein the preset conditions are as follows:
dV′(x,z)*dV′(x,z)/( V0′(x,z)* V0′(x,z))＜10-5；
where dV' (x, z) represents the updated speed update amount.
7. The evaluation method for the complex structural area seismic exploration data acquisition and observation system according to claim 5, wherein when the seismic exploration data acquisition and observation system is a two-dimensional seismic exploration data acquisition and observation system, the velocity approximation degree and the variance of the velocity approximation degree of each grid of the inversion velocity model and the grid geological model are calculated according to the following formulas:
approx(x,z)＝|Vtrue(x,z)-Vnew(x,z)|/Vtrue(x,z)；
wherein, aprrox (x, z) represents the velocity approximation; vtrue(x, z) represents a grid geological model; vnew(x, z) represents an inverse velocity model; sigma2A variance representing the velocity approximation; AVG represents the average of the speed approximants; nx and Nz represent the grid geological model V, respectivelytrue(x, z) the number of grids in the x, z direction;
when the seismic exploration data acquisition and observation system is a three-dimensional seismic exploration data acquisition and observation system, calculating the velocity approximation degree and the variance of the velocity approximation degree of each grid of the inversion velocity model and the grid geological model according to the following formulas:
approx(x,y,z)＝|Vtrue(x,y,z)-Vnew(x,y,z)|/Vtrue(x,y,z)；
wherein, aprex (x, y, z) represents the velocity approximation; vtrue(x, y, z) represents a grid geological model; vnew(x, y, z) represents an inverse velocity model; sigma2A variance representing the velocity approximation; AVG represents the average of the speed approximants; nx, Ny, and Nz represent the grid geological model V, respectivelytrue(x, y, z) the number of grids in the x, y, z direction.
8. An evaluation device of a seismic exploration data acquisition and observation system in a complex structural area is characterized by comprising:
the grid geological model building module is used for building a geological model according to historical seismic data and historical interpretation data and discretizing the geological model by utilizing grid intervals to obtain a grid geological model;
the observation system establishing module is used for establishing a plurality of sets of seismic exploration data acquisition observation systems;
the inversion initial model establishing module is used for establishing an initial model of the full waveform inversion model;
the method comprises the following steps of utilizing each set of seismic exploration data acquisition and observation system in a plurality of sets of seismic exploration data acquisition and observation systems to execute the following steps:
the simulated seismic observation data calculation module is used for performing finite difference forward modeling on the grid geological model in a time space domain by utilizing one set of seismic exploration data acquisition and observation system to obtain simulated seismic observation data, and the simulated seismic observation data comprise forward modeling parameters;
the following iterative steps are performed:
the seismic wave field and initial model simulation data calculation module is used for forward modeling the initial model by using the same set of seismic exploration data acquisition and observation system and the forward modeling parameters, and determining the seismic wave field and initial model simulation data of forward propagation of shot points at each moment;
the observation data residual error calculation module is used for calculating an observation data residual error between the simulated earthquake observation data and the initial model simulation data;
the inverse time propagation wave field calculation module is used for performing forward modeling by using the initial model and taking inverse time data of the observation data residual error as a source at a detection point to determine an inverse time propagation wave field of the detection point residual error at different moments;
a velocity update quantity calculation module for calculating a velocity update quantity using the seismic wavefield and the reverse-time-propagation wavefield;
an updating module for updating the initial model with the speed update amount;
the inversion speed model calculation module is used for continuously executing the iteration step by using the updated initial model until the iteration is finished when the speed updating amount meets the preset condition, so as to obtain an inversion speed model;
the speed approximation degree and variance calculation module is used for calculating the speed approximation degree and the variance of the speed approximation degree of each grid of the inversion speed model and the grid geological model;
and the comparison module is used for comparing a plurality of variances obtained by utilizing a plurality of sets of seismic exploration data acquisition and observation systems to obtain the minimum variance, wherein the seismic exploration data acquisition and observation system corresponding to the minimum variance is the seismic exploration data acquisition and observation system meeting the exploration requirement.
9. The complex formation area seismic survey data acquisition observation system evaluation device of claim 8 wherein the inversion initial model building module is specifically configured to:
an initial model of a full waveform inversion model is established as follows:
and obtaining an initial model of the full-waveform inversion model by using a preset smooth-radius smooth-grid geological model.
10. The complex formation area seismic survey data acquisition and observation system evaluation device of claim 8, wherein the forward parameters include source wavelet frequency and recording time.
11. The complex formation area seismic survey data acquisition and observation system evaluation device of claim 8, wherein the velocity update calculation module is specifically configured to:
when the seismic exploration data acquisition and observation system is a two-dimensional seismic exploration data acquisition and observation system, calculating a velocity update quantity by using the seismic wave field and the reverse-time propagation wave field according to the following formula:
dV(x,z)＝∑tUf(s,t,x,z)*Ub(s,t,x,z)；
where dV (x, z) represents a speed update amount; uf (s, t, x, z) represents the forward-propagating seismic wavefield at each time-point, and Ub (s, t, x, z) represents the reverse-propagating wavefield at different time-point residuals; s represents a shot number; x, z represent two-dimensional spatial locations; t represents the recording time, the value range of T is 0 to T, and T represents the recording time length;
when the seismic exploration data acquisition and observation system is a three-dimensional seismic exploration data acquisition and observation system, calculating a velocity update quantity by using the seismic wave field and the reverse-time propagation wave field according to the following formula:
dV(x,y,z)＝∑tUf(s,t,x,y,z)*Ub(s,t,x,y,z)；
where dV (x, y, z) represents the speed update amount; uf (s, t, x, y, z) represents the forward-propagating seismic wavefield at each time-point, and Ub (s, t, x, y, z) represents the reverse-propagating wavefield at different time-point residuals; s represents a shot number; x, y, z represent three-dimensional spatial positions; t represents the recording time, the value range of T is 0 to T, and T represents the length of the recording time.
12. The complex formation area seismic survey data acquisition and observation system evaluation device of claim 11, wherein the update module is specifically configured to:
when the seismic exploration data acquisition and observation system is a two-dimensional seismic exploration data acquisition and observation system, updating the initial model by using the speed updating quantity according to the following formula:
V0′(x,z)＝V0(x,z)+dV(x,z)；
wherein, V0' (x, z) denotes the updated initial model; v0(x, z) represents an initial model;
when the seismic exploration data acquisition and observation system is a three-dimensional seismic exploration data acquisition and observation system, updating the initial model by using the speed updating quantity according to the following formula:
V0′(x,y,z)＝V0(x,y,z)+dV(x,y,z)；
wherein, V0' (x, y, z) denotes the updated initial model; v0(x, y, z) represents the initial model.
13. The complex formation area seismic survey data acquisition and observation system evaluation device of claim 12 wherein the predetermined conditions are:
dV′(x,z)*dV′(x,z)/( V0′(x,z)* V0′(x,z))＜10-5；
where dV' (x, z) represents the updated speed update amount.
14. The complex formation area seismic survey data acquisition observation system evaluation device of claim 12 wherein the velocity approximation and variance calculation module is specifically configured to:
when the seismic exploration data acquisition and observation system is a two-dimensional seismic exploration data acquisition and observation system, calculating the velocity approximation degree and the variance of the velocity approximation degree of each grid of the inversion velocity model and the grid geological model according to the following formulas:
approx(x,z)＝|Vtrue(x,z)-Vnew(x,z)|/Vtrue(x,z)；
wherein, aprrox (x, z) represents the velocity approximation; vtrue(x, z) represents a grid geological model; vnew(x, z) represents an inverse velocity model; sigma2A variance representing the velocity approximation; AVG represents the average of the speed approximants; nx and Nz represent the grid geological model V, respectivelytrue(x, z) the number of grids in the x, z direction;
when the seismic exploration data acquisition and observation system is a three-dimensional seismic exploration data acquisition and observation system, calculating the velocity approximation degree and the variance of the velocity approximation degree of each grid of the inversion velocity model and the grid geological model according to the following formulas:
approx(x,y,z)＝|Vtrue(x,y,z)-Vnew(x,y,z)|/Vtrue(x,y,z)；
wherein, aprex (x, y, z) represents the velocity approximation; vtrue(x, y, z) represents a grid geological model; vnew(x, y, z) represents an inverse velocity model; sigma2A variance representing the velocity approximation; AVG represents the average of the speed approximants; nx, Ny, and Nz represent the grid geological model V, respectivelytrue(x, y, z) the number of grids in the x, y, z direction.
15. A computer apparatus comprising a memory, a processor and a computer program stored on the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor when executing the computer program implements the complex formation area seismic survey data acquisition and observation system evaluation method of any of claims 1 to 7.
16. A computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program for executing the evaluation method of the complex formation seismic survey data acquisition and observation system according to any one of claims 1 to 7.
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