CN106950598A - A kind of migration velocity field method for evaluating reliability - Google Patents
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of migration velocity field method for evaluating reliability, comprise the following steps：1) by seimic wave propagation operator by wave field from earth's surface continuation to underground；2) continuation wave field is imaged by being imaged operator；3) approximate processing is carried out to propogator matrix so that propogator matrix only retains the main information of velocity field；4) calculate approximate processing after propogator matrix topological scale, by topological scale portray in migration velocity field structure；5) migration velocity field of different resolution yardstick is calculated, for different migration velocity fields, repeat implementation steps 1)~4), the topological scale curve of each migration velocity field is obtained, the degree of closeness of the topological scale curve of different migration velocity fields is the degree of closeness for characterizing migration result.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of migration velocity field method for evaluating reliability, belong to seismic exploration technique field.
Background technology
With gradually going deep into for seismic prospecting, seismic migration imaging is gradually transitioned into Depth Domain from time-domain.Speed and depth
The uncertainty of degree make it that depth migration is very sensitive to velocity field.In order to obtain high-precision migration imaging as a result, it is desirable to right
The reliability of migration velocity field is analyzed and evaluated.
Current migration velocity field reliability is mainly evaluated by the quality of migration result, can be given birth to by migration before stack
Into various common imaging gathers, mainly offset away from domain common imaging gather (ODCIG) and angle domain common image gathers
(ADCIG), according to the relation between common imaging gather and migration velocity, when image gather is evened up or is focused on,
It is considered that migration velocity is accurately and reliably.But this method amount of calculation is very big, it is necessary to carry out pre-stack depth migration generation
Common imaging gather.
The content of the invention
Regarding to the issue above, it is an object of the invention to provide a kind of reliability that can be before migration imaging to velocity field
Carry out the migration velocity field method for evaluating reliability of Fast Evaluation.
To achieve the above object, the present invention uses following technical scheme：A kind of migration velocity field method for evaluating reliability, bag
Include following steps：1) by seimic wave propagation operator by wave field from earth's surface continuation to underground；2) by being imaged operator to continuation ripple
Field is imaged；3) approximate processing is carried out to propogator matrix so that propogator matrix only retains the main information of velocity field；4) calculate
The topological scale of propogator matrix after approximate processing, by topological scale portray in migration velocity field structure；5) calculate not
With the migration velocity field of resolution-scale, for different migration velocity fields, implementation steps 1 are repeated)~4), obtain each skew speed
The topological scale curve of field is spent, the degree of closeness of the topological scale curve of different migration velocity fields is to characterize approaching for migration result
Degree.
The step 1) in wave field carry out continuation process it is as follows：The earthquake record of earth's surface can be expressed as p0(x, z=
0, ω), wave field downward continuation Δ z can be expressed as：
p1(x, z=Δ z, ω)=A0p0(x, z=0, ω) (1)
In formula, A0Represent the propogator matrix of first layer；p0Represent surface seismic data；X represents lateral separation；Z represents deep
Degree；ω represents frequency；Δ z represents step size；p1Represent the geological data of underground first layer；(1) formula is applied multiple times by wave field
From earth's surface downward continuation n-layer：
pn(x, z=n Δ z, ω)=An-1…Ai…A0p0(x, z=0, ω) (2)
In formula, AiThe propogator matrix of i+1 layer is represented, it is relevant with i-th layer of speed；pnRepresent the earthquake of underground n-th layer
Data.
The step 2) in the process that is imaged to continuation wave field it is as follows：
Imaging operator R is acted on into continuation wave field (2) formula, i.e.,：
In=Rpn (3)
In formula：InRepresent n-th layer imaging reflectivity.
Propogator matrix A=An-1...A0, the step 3) in be to the approximate processing process of propogator matrix：
Adiag=diag (A) (5)
In formula, diag represents to take the diagonal element of matrix.
The step 4) in, calculate topological scale and use elimination trend Fluctuation Method, its calculating process is as follows：
To a discrete series Xn, n=1,2 ..., N, its average isCorresponding cumulative departure sequence be y (m), m=1,
2 ..., M,
Sequences y (m) is divided into the M/l minizone that length is l, each minizone removes its background trend, then
The fluctuation root mean square F (l) of cumulative departure sequences y (m) is calculated,
Wherein ylRepresent the background trend of l-th of minizone.It is full between F (l) and l for topological scale invariance medium
The following relation of foot,
F(l)∝lα, (8)
Wherein α represents topological scale；Under log-log coordinate, topological scale is calculated by fit slope；For propagating square
Battle array Adiag, its each row regards a discrete series as, can be calculated using the above method and obtain a topological scale, final to obtain
One topological scale curve.
The present invention is due to taking above technical scheme, and it has advantages below：The present invention can be (folded to different disposal method
Acceleration analysis, migration velocity modeling, full waveform inversion etc.) obtain rate pattern carry out Analysis of Topological Structure, shifting into
As before various rate patterns are carried out with reliability evaluation, topological scale curve differs smaller its migration result of rate pattern and got over
It is close.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the representational complex fault block rate pattern of three kinds of comparisons, wherein, figure (a) is original offset velocity field, figure
(b) it is longitudinal smoothed offset velocity field, figure (c) is horizontal smoothed offset velocity field；
Fig. 2 is the topological scale curve corresponding to three kinds of migration velocity fields；
Fig. 3 is three kinds of complex fault block imaging sections, wherein, figure (a) is original offset velocity field imaging section, and figure (b) is
Longitudinal smoothed offset velocity field imaging section, figure (c) is horizontal smoothed offset velocity field imaging section；
Fig. 4 is that original offset velocity field is changed to the migration velocity field after shallow-layer velocity amplitude (increase 300m/s)
Fig. 5 is that original offset velocity field and the topological scale changed corresponding to the migration velocity field after shallow-layer velocity amplitude are bent
Line；
Fig. 6 is to change the migration velocity field imaging section after shallow-layer velocity amplitude.
Embodiment
The present invention is described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
The present invention proposes a kind of migration velocity field method for evaluating reliability, comprises the following steps：
1) by seimic wave propagation operator by wave field from earth's surface continuation to underground, detailed process is as follows：
The earthquake record of earth's surface can be expressed as p0(x, z=0, ω), wave field downward continuation Δ z can be expressed as：
p1(x, z=Δ z, ω)=A0p0(x, z=0, ω) (1)
In formula, A0Represent the propogator matrix of first layer；p0Represent surface seismic data；X represents lateral separation；Z represents deep
Degree；ω represents frequency；Δ z represents step size；p1Represent the geological data of underground first layer.
(1) formula is applied multiple times can be by wave field from earth's surface downward continuation n-layer：
pn(x, z=n Δ z, ω)=An-1…Ai…A0p0(x, z=0, ω) (2)
In formula, AiThe propogator matrix of i+1 layer is represented, it is relevant with i-th layer of speed；pnRepresent the earthquake of underground n-th layer
Data.
2) continuation wave field is imaged by being imaged operator, detailed process is as follows：
Imaging operator R is acted on into continuation wave field (2) formula, i.e.,：
In=Rpn (3)
In formula：InRepresent n-th layer imaging reflectivity.
3) approximate processing is carried out to propogator matrix so that propogator matrix only retains the main information of velocity field, detailed process
It is as follows：
Foregoing formula (1) (2) (3) establishes the contact between migration velocity field and imaging results, can by above-mentioned formula
To find out, velocity field is that final imaging results are influenceed by propogator matrix, between lower surface analysis propogator matrix and velocity field
Relation, for n-th layer medium, wave field is from pn(x, ω) continuation is to pn+1(x, ω) can be expressed as：
In formula：K represents wave number；C (x) represents n-th layer wavefield velocity；J is imaginary unit.
Pass through (4) formula, matrix AnEvery a line one convolution operator of correspondence, its frequency domain response is
In order to analyze influence that overlying medium propagated wave field, it is necessary to estimate A=An-1...A0.For 2 dimension media, A matrixes
Size is nx×nx, wherein, nxFor lateral offset sampling number, A is directly calculatedn-1...A0Take very much, and need to compare
Big internal memory.It therefore, it can carry out propogator matrix approximately so that propogator matrix retains the main information of velocity field, tool
Body way is that can only retain the diagonal element of matrix A：
Adiag=diag (A) (5)
In formula, diag represents to take the diagonal element of matrix；
4) calculate and obtain propogator matrix AdiagTopological scale, by topological scale portray in migration velocity field knot
Structure.
Topological scale measurement is that research object is zoomed in or out, its form, complexity, scrambling etc.
The degree of change.Topological scale invariance refers to a regional area optional to velocity field, no matter its amplification, diminution or deformation, its
The various characteristics such as complexity, scrambling do not change.One velocity field that there is topological structure to keep must be met
Scale invariance, i.e. migration result are identical.Migration velocity field is carried out smooth or change an interval velocity, velocity field can be caused
Different changes occur for form, complexity, scrambling, can be with this change of quantificational expression by topological scale.
Elimination trend Fluctuation Method can effective calculated curve topological scale, its calculating process is as follows：To a discrete series
Xn, n=1,2 ..., N, its average isCorresponding cumulative departure sequence be y (m), m=1,2 ..., M,
Sequences y (m) is divided into the M/l minizone that length is l, each minizone removes its background trend, then
The fluctuation root mean square F (l) of cumulative departure sequences y (m) is calculated,
Wherein ylRepresent the background trend of l-th of minizone.It is full between F (l) and l for topological scale invariance medium
The following relation of foot,
F(l)∝lα, (8)
Wherein α represents topological scale.Under log-log coordinate, topological scale can be calculated by fit slope.
For propogator matrix Adiag, its it is each row be considered as a discrete series, can be calculated using the above method
To a topological scale, a topological scale curve may finally be obtained.
5) different resolutions can be obtained by existing methods such as stack velocity analysis, migration velocity modeling, full waveform inversions
The migration velocity field of rate yardstick, for different migration velocity fields, repeats implementation steps 1)~4) obtain each migration velocity field
Topological scale curve, topological scale curve is used for the topological structure for quantitatively portraying velocity field, the topology mark of different migration velocity fields
Write music line closer to, show in migration velocity field topological structure closer to, corresponding migration result also closer to.
Illustrate the technique effect of the present invention with a specific embodiment below：
1) three kinds of migration velocity fields are inputted
As shown in figure 1, three kinds of representational velocity fields of comparison of this example selective analysis：(a) original offset velocity field, makees
For a standard of other two kinds of velocity field reliability evaluations, (b) longitudinal direction smoothed offset velocity field, (c) transverse direction smoothed offset speed
Spend field.Velocity field after smooth is regarded as the macroscopical migration velocity field set up by general velocity analysis, two kinds of smooth manners
Its topological scale of the velocity field of foundation is different, and corresponding imaging precision is also different.
2) the topological scale curve of three kinds of velocity fields is calculated
For the immanent structure feature of quantitative analysis migration velocity field, we calculate the corresponding propagation square of three kinds of velocity fields
Battle array and its topological scale curve (as shown in Figure 2).As can be seen that carrying out longitudinal direction to velocity field smoothly, original speed is maintained substantially
The topological scale features of field are spent, illustrates that the smooth velocity field in longitudinal direction is compared with raw velocity, maintains similar immanent structure；And
The laterally large scale change of the smooth basic topological scale curve of holding raw velocity, but destroy its small dimensional variation feature, i.e.,
Laterally the smooth topological scale destruction to raw velocity more smooth than longitudinal direction is larger, and its corresponding imaging precision is relatively low.
3) in order to verify above-mentioned conclusion, suitable frequency (dominant frequency is chosen：30Hz), to the two-dimension earthquake number of three kinds of velocity fields
According to post-stack migration imaging is carried out, as a result as shown in Figure 3.It can be seen that, because the smooth velocity field in longitudinal direction maintains opening up for raw velocity
Feature is flutterred, its migration result and original image section are basically identical, deviation very little；And laterally smooth velocity field destroys original speed
The small dimensional variation feature of the topological scale in field, its migration result and original image section slightly deviation are spent, breakpoint is mainly reflected in
It is unclean with the convergence of small fault block, there is diffracted wave by a small margin.
4) imaging is had a strong impact in order to further protrude destruction raw velocity topological scale, we change shallow-layer
One layer of velocity amplitude (increase 300m/s), to test sensitiveness of the migration result to a certain interval velocity, as a result as shown in Figure 4.Change
The velocity field become after an interval velocity is regarded as the very big migration velocity field of complex region error set up by general velocity analysis,
The topological scale of heavy damage true velocity.Fig. 5 is the corresponding propogator matrix of velocity field and its topological scale curve calculated,
Represent that the immanent structure of migration velocity field there occurs significant changes, cause serious imaging to misplace.To raw velocity and change
Velocity field after shallow-layer velocity amplitude carries out migration imaging after two-dimension earthquake stacked data, as a result as shown in Figure 6.It can be seen that, due to changing
Immanent structure feature destruction of one interval velocity to raw velocity is larger, and many place wave fields are not restrained, and stratum deformation is serious,
Also great changes will take place for the corresponding depth in stratum after imaging.
Therefore, change the topological characteristic of raw velocity, larger is influenceed on final off-set construction.This case migration imaging example
Illustrate the validity of this patent migration velocity method for evaluating reliability.
The various embodiments described above are merely to illustrate the present invention, and wherein implementation steps of method etc. can be all varied from,
Every equivalents carried out on the basis of technical solution of the present invention and improvement, should not be excluded in protection scope of the present invention
Outside.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of migration velocity field method for evaluating reliability, comprises the following steps：
1) by seimic wave propagation operator by wave field from earth's surface continuation to underground；
2) continuation wave field is imaged by being imaged operator；
3) approximate processing is carried out to propogator matrix so that propogator matrix only retains the main information of velocity field；
4) calculate approximate processing after propogator matrix topological scale, by topological scale portray in migration velocity field knot
Structure；
5) migration velocity field of different resolution yardstick is calculated, for different migration velocity fields, implementation steps 1 are repeated)~4),
The topological scale curve of each migration velocity field is obtained, the degree of closeness of the topological scale curve of different migration velocity fields is to characterize partially
Move the degree of closeness of result.
2. a kind of migration velocity field method for evaluating reliability as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that：The step 1) in it is right
The process that wave field carries out continuation is as follows：
The earthquake record of earth's surface can be expressed as p0(x, z=0, ω), wave field downward continuation Δ z can be expressed as：
p1(x, z=Δ z, ω)=A0p0(x, z=0, ω) (1)
In formula, A0Represent the propogator matrix of first layer；p0Represent surface seismic data；X represents lateral separation；Z represents depth；ω
Represent frequency；Δ z represents step size；p1Represent the geological data of underground first layer；
(1) formula is applied multiple times by wave field from earth's surface downward continuation n-layer：
pn(x, z=n Δ z, ω)=An-1…Ai…A0p0(x, z=0, ω) (2)
In formula, AiThe propogator matrix of i+1 layer is represented, it is relevant with i-th layer of speed；pnRepresent the earthquake number of underground n-th layer
According to.
3. a kind of migration velocity field method for evaluating reliability as claimed in claim 2, it is characterised in that：The step 2) in it is right
The process that continuation wave field is imaged is as follows：
Imaging operator R is acted on into continuation wave field (2) formula, i.e.,：
In=Rpn (3)
In formula：InRepresent n-th layer imaging reflectivity.
4. a kind of migration velocity field method for evaluating reliability as claimed in claim 3, it is characterised in that：
Propogator matrix A=An-1…A0,
The step 3) in be to the approximate processing process of propogator matrix：
Adiag=diag (A) (5)
In formula, diag represents to take the diagonal element of matrix.
5. a kind of migration velocity field method for evaluating reliability as claimed in claim 4, it is characterised in that：The step 4) in,
Calculate topological scale and use elimination trend Fluctuation Method, its calculating process is as follows：
To a discrete series Xn, n=1,2 ..., N, its average isCorresponding cumulative departure sequence be y (m), m=1,2 ..., M,
Sequences y (m) is divided into the M/l minizone that length is l, each minizone removes its background trend, then calculated
The fluctuation root mean square F (l) of cumulative departure sequences y (m),
Wherein ylRepresent the background trend of l-th of minizone.Meet as follows for topological scale invariance medium, between F (l) and l
Relation,
F(l)∝lα, (8)
Wherein α represents topological scale；Under log-log coordinate, topological scale is calculated by fit slope；
For propogator matrix Adiag, its it is each row regard a discrete series as, can be calculated using the above method and obtain a topology
Scale, it is final to obtain a topological scale curve.
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