WO2017024536A1 - Method for automatically removing wave arrival of seismic wave - Google Patents
Method for automatically removing wave arrival of seismic wave Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A method for automatically removing wave arrival of a seismic wave. According to a layer speed and thickness of n layers of a horizontally layered medium, a speed of the kth layer and the thickness of a bottom layer obtained by micro-logging or logging, calculating a cosine value of a critical angle of a refracted wave of the kth layer; substituting the cosine value of the critical angle of the refracted wave into a refracted wave time-distance curve equation of the nth layer (n > 2); solving the refracted wave time-distance curve equation on each refraction layer, so as to obtain wave arrival time of all refracted waves on an offset X, and when X is less than the radius of a blind zone, the value of the wave arrival time of the refracted wave being 0; taking a maximum value therein as a removal value on the offset X; after tXmax values corresponding to all offsets are connected into a line, obtaining an automatic removal line of the refraction wave; and taking the number of layers of a stratum to be n = 2, a stratum model being a low deceleration zone model at this moment, and using a shallow refraction wave method to realize automatic removal of the wave arrival of the seismic wave.
Description
本发明适用于地震勘探资料处理领域，对炮集和共中心点(CMP)道集进行自动切除，消除异常振幅压制、反褶积和速度分析等过程中折射波初至带来的异常干扰，是一种自动切除地震波波至的方法.The invention is suitable for the field of seismic exploration data processing, and automatically removes the gun set and the common center point (CMP) gather, and eliminates the abnormal interference caused by the first arrival of the refracted wave in the process of abnormal amplitude suppression, deconvolution and velocity analysis. It is a method of automatically removing the arrival of seismic waves.
目前在进行地震资料处理时，特别是在异常振幅压制、反褶积以及速度谱分析等阶段需要切除有效反射波之前的波至(顶切初至)，以消除计算干扰。但不管是在单炮集上还是在CMP道集上，这种对地震波的波至切除都是依靠工作人员自身的经验积累，根据资料的原始面貌凭感觉手动拾取切除量来切除地震资料。传统做法受采集资料品质的影响较大，通常会造成有效反射资料浪费或者切除不足，对远偏移距的浅层成像产生不利影响。即使是在地震资料的信噪比很高时，每次在手动切除时，还要剔除坏道，否则在切除时会产生切除曲线诡异跳跃的现象。根据资料检索结果，目前在拾取切除量时，系统不能够准确快速的自动切除，没有一条理论的切除线供参考，导致切除的精度不高。At present, when seismic data processing is performed, especially in the stages of abnormal amplitude suppression, deconvolution, and velocity spectrum analysis, it is necessary to remove the wave arrival (top cut) before the effective reflected wave to eliminate the calculation interference. However, whether it is on a single shot or on a CMP gather, this wave-to-cutting of seismic waves relies on the experience of the staff themselves, and the seismic data is removed by manually picking up the amount of cuts based on the original appearance of the data. The traditional practice is greatly affected by the quality of the collected data, which usually causes the waste of effective reflection data or insufficient resection, which adversely affects the shallow imaging of the far offset. Even when the signal-to-noise ratio of seismic data is very high, every time the manual resection is performed, the bad track is also removed, otherwise the phenomenon of abruptly jumping off the curve will occur. According to the data retrieval results, the system cannot automatically and automatically remove the resection amount when picking up the resection amount. There is no theoretical resection line for reference, resulting in low precision of resection.
发明内容Summary of the invention
本发明目的在于提供一种在反褶积压缩子波时，能准确剔除折射干扰能够保证取得较真实的分辨率并降低人工切除的难度和减少人工操作时间的自动切除地震波波至的方法。The object of the present invention is to provide a method for automatically removing the seismic wave arrival when the deconvolution compression wavelet is used, and the refraction interference can be accurately eliminated to ensure a more realistic resolution and reduce the difficulty of manual resection and reduce the manual operation time.
本发明通过以下步骤实现：The invention is achieved by the following steps:
1)根据由微测井或测井得到的n层水平层状介质的层速度和厚度，第k层的速度为vk-1(0≦k≦n-1)，底层厚度为hk-1(0≦k≦n-1)，用下式计算第k层的折射波临界角αk-1(0≦k≦n-1)的余弦值：1) According to the layer velocity and thickness of the n-layer horizontal layered medium obtained by micro-logging or logging, the velocity of the k- th layer is v k-1 (0≦k≦n-1), and the thickness of the bottom layer is h k- 1 (0≦k≦n-1), the cosine of the refraction wave critical angle α k-1 (0≦k≦n-1) of the kth layer is calculated by the following formula:
cosαk-1＝(1-(vk-1/vk)2)0.5 (1)Cosα k-1 =(1-(v k-1 /v k ) 2 ) 0.5 (1)
式中，In the formula,
αk-1是第k层的折射波临界角，α k-1 is the critical angle of the refracted wave of the kth layer,
vk-1是第k层的速度，v k-1 is the speed of the kth layer,
vk是第k+1层的速度，
v k is the speed of the k+1th layer,
这里0≦k≦n-1，n是地层的层数；Here 0≦k≦n-1, n is the number of layers in the formation;
2)将折射波临界角αk-1(0≦k≦n-1)的余弦值代入第n(n>2)层的折射波时距曲线方程：2) Substituting the cosine of the critical value of the refraction wave α k-1 (0≦k≦n-1) into the refraction wave time-distance curve equation of the nth (n>2) layer:
式中，0≦k≦n-1，n是地层的层数，Where 0≦k≦n-1,n is the number of layers in the formation,
X是偏移距，X is the offset,
vn-1是第n层地层的速度，v n-1 is the speed of the nth layer,
hk-1是第k层地层的厚度，h k-1 is the thickness of the kth layer,
αk-1是第k层地层的折射波临界角，α k-1 is the critical angle of the refracted wave of the kth layer,
vk-1是第k层的速度，v k-1 is the speed of the kth layer,
t是折射波在偏移距X处的旅行时间；t is the travel time of the refracted wave at the offset X;
3)对每一个折射层求解折射波时距曲线方程，得到偏移距X上所有折射波的波至时间，当X小于盲区半径时，折射波的波至时间取值为0；取其中的最大值tXmax，为偏移距X上的切除值；3) Solving the refraction wave time-distance curve equation for each refraction layer, and obtaining the arrival time of all the refraction waves on the offset X. When X is smaller than the blind zone radius, the arrival time of the refraction wave is 0; The maximum value t Xmax is the cutoff value on the offset X;
其中tXmax为同一偏移距X上所有折射波波至值中(t0,……,tn-1)的最大值；Where t Xmax is the maximum value of all the refracted wave arrival values (t 0 , . . . , t n-1 ) on the same offset X;
4)把所有偏移距对应的tXmax值连接成线后获得折射波自动切除线；4) connecting the t Xmax values corresponding to all the offsets into a line to obtain an automatic resection line of the refracted waves;
5)取地层的层数n＝2，此时的地层模型为低降速带模型，采用浅层折射波法实现地震波波至的自动切除。5) Take the number of layers of the ground layer n=2. At this time, the stratum model is a low-velocity belt model, and the shallow refraction wave method is used to realize the automatic resection of seismic waves.
本发明在野外地震采集阶段，采用微测井、小折射等手段获得准确的低降速带地层信息，将步骤(2)折射波时距曲线方程简化为下式：In the field seismic collection stage, the invention uses micro-logging, small refraction and the like to obtain accurate low-deceleration zone formation information, and simplifies the step (2) refracted time-distance curve equation to the following formula:
式中，X是偏移距，Where X is the offset,
v0，v1分别是是第1层和第2层地层的速度，v 0 , v 1 are the speeds of the first and second layers, respectively.
h0是第1层地层的厚度，h 0 is the thickness of the first layer of the formation,
α0是第一层地层的折射波临界角，α 0 is the critical angle of the refracted wave of the first layer,
t是折射波在偏移距X处的旅行时间；t is the travel time of the refracted wave at the offset X;
求解方程式(3)得到一系列(X，t)点，连接各点获得浅层折射波自动切除线；把自动切除线运用到共中心点(CMP)道集、炮集或共检波点集上并把自动切除线以前的数据切掉，实现地震波波至的自动切除。
Solve equation (3) to obtain a series of (X, t) points, connect the points to obtain the shallow refraction wave automatic resection line; apply the automatic resection line to the common center point (CMP) gather, gun set or common check wave set The data before the automatic cutting line is cut off, and the automatic removal of the seismic wave arrival is realized.
本发明能够有效切除有效波初至前的强干扰；同样自动切除线也可以作为人工切除的参考或者指导；能够限制和保障参与后续计算的数据，产生更加真实的计算结果。特别是在反褶积压缩子波时，准确剔除折射干扰能够保证取得较真实的分辨率并降低人工切除的难度和减少人工操作时间，具有更高的准确性和快速性。The invention can effectively remove the strong interference from the first arrival of the effective wave; the same automatic cutting line can also be used as a reference or guidance for manual resection; it can limit and guarantee the data participating in the subsequent calculation, and produce more realistic calculation results. Especially in the deconvolution compression wavelet, accurate rejection of the refraction interference can ensure a more realistic resolution and reduce the difficulty of manual resection and reduce the manual operation time, with higher accuracy and speed.
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly described below. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only It is a certain embodiment of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained from those skilled in the art without any creative work.
图1：本发明折射波与反射波切割示意图。Figure 1: Schematic diagram of the refracted wave and reflected wave of the present invention.
图2：本发明自动切除与手动切除在CMP道集上的对比示意图。Figure 2: A schematic diagram of the comparison of the automatic and manual ablation of the present invention on a CMP gather.
以下结合附图和实例详细说明本发明。The invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
地震波在水平层状介质中传播，当入射角大于临界角时即产生折射地震波。在地震记录上，折射波时距曲线表现为直线，折射波速度越小，其时距曲线斜率越大；而反射波的时距曲线特征近似于双曲线。在单炮记录上折射波对反射波有切割作用，即反射波和折射波有重叠区域(如图1所示)，在它们的重叠区域折射波严重干扰和扭曲有效反射波。正是因为在上述重叠区域折射波对反射波有切割作用，为我们提供了一种利用折射波自动切除波至干扰的方法。Seismic waves propagate in horizontal layered media, and refraction seismic waves are generated when the incident angle is greater than the critical angle. In the seismic record, the refracted wave time-distance curve appears as a straight line. The smaller the refracted wave velocity, the larger the slope of the time-distance curve; and the time-lapse curve characteristic of the reflected wave is similar to the hyperbola. The refracted wave has a cutting effect on the reflected wave on the single shot record, that is, the reflected wave and the refracted wave have overlapping regions (as shown in Fig. 1), and the refracted waves in their overlapping regions seriously interfere with and distort the effective reflected wave. It is precisely because the refracted wave in the above overlapping region has a cutting effect on the reflected wave, which provides a method for automatically removing the wave to the interference by using the refracted wave.
已知n层水平层状介质，第k层的层速度、临界角和厚度分别记作vk-1、αk-1和hk-1，(k＝0,1,2,……n-1)。The n-layer horizontal layered medium is known, and the layer velocity, critical angle and thickness of the k- th layer are denoted as v k-1 , α k-1 and h k-1 , respectively, (k=0, 1 , 2, ..., n -1).
自动切除方法的实施方式如下：The implementation of the automatic cutting method is as follows:
1)通过微测井或测井可以得到的n层水平层状介质的层速度和厚度，第k层的速度为vk-1(0≦k≦n-1)，底层厚度为hk-1(0≦k≦n-1)。根据斯奈尔定理得到第k层地层的临界角方程：1) The layer velocity and thickness of the n-layer horizontal layered medium which can be obtained by micro-logging or logging. The velocity of the k- th layer is v k-1 (0≦k≦n-1), and the thickness of the bottom layer is h k- 1 (0≦k≦n-1). According to the Snell's theorem, the critical angle equation of the k-th layer is obtained:
sinαk-1＝vk-1/vk (4)
Sinα k-1 =v k-1 /v k (4)
根据该方程和同角三角函数间的关系式：sin2αk-1+cos2αk-1＝1，可以推导出第k层的折射波临界角αk-1(0≦k≦n-1)的余弦值表达式(5)。According to the relationship between the equation and the equiangular trigonometric function: sin 2 α k-1 +cos 2 α k-1 =1, the critical angle α k-1 of the refracted wave of the kth layer can be derived (0≦k≦n -1) Cosine value expression (5).
cosαk-1＝(1-(vk-1/vk)2)0.5 (5)Cosα k-1 =(1-(v k-1 /v k ) 2 ) 0.5 (5)
(4)式和(5)式中，(4) and (5),
αk-1是第k层的折射波临界角，α k-1 is the critical angle of the refracted wave of the kth layer,
vk-1是第k层的速度，v k-1 is the speed of the kth layer,
vk是第k+1层的速度，v k is the speed of the k+1th layer,
这里0≦k≦n-1，n是地层的层数；Here 0≦k≦n-1, n is the number of layers in the formation;
2)将由方程式(5)求得的各地层的折射波临界角αk-1(0≦k≦n-1)的余弦值代入第n(n>2)层的折射波时距曲线方程：2) Substituting the cosine of the refraction wave critical angle α k-1 (0≦k≦n-1) of each layer obtained by equation (5) into the refraction wave time-distance curve equation of the nth (n>2) layer:
式中，0≦k≦n-1，n是地层的层数，Where 0≦k≦n-1,n is the number of layers in the formation,
X是偏移距，X is the offset,
vn-1是第n层地层的速度，v n-1 is the speed of the nth layer,
hk-1是第k层地层的厚度，h k-1 is the thickness of the kth layer,
αk-1是第k层地层的折射波临界角，α k-1 is the critical angle of the refracted wave of the kth layer,
vk-1是第k层的速度，v k-1 is the speed of the kth layer,
t是折射波在偏移距X处的旅行时间；t is the travel time of the refracted wave at the offset X;
3)对每一个折射层求解折射波时距曲线方程(6)，得到偏移距X上所有折射波的波至时间，当X小于盲区半径时，折射波的波至时间取值为0；取其中的最大值tXmax作为偏移距X上的切除值；3) Solving the refraction wave time-distance curve equation (6) for each refraction layer, and obtaining the arrival time of all the refraction waves on the offset X. When X is smaller than the blind zone radius, the arrival time of the refraction wave is 0; Taking the maximum value t Xmax as the cutoff value on the offset X;
其中tXmax为同一偏移距X上所有折射波波至值中(t0,……,tn-1)的最大值；Where t Xmax is the maximum value of all the refracted wave arrival values (t 0 , . . . , t n-1 ) on the same offset X;
4)把所有偏移距(X)对应的tXmax值连接成线后获得折射波自动切除线；4) connecting the t Xmax values corresponding to all the offsets (X) into a line to obtain an automatic resection line of the refracted waves;
5)图1显示，浅层折射波①的时距曲线的斜率最大，在折射波和反射波的重叠干扰区域⑤部分，浅层折射波①的时距曲线就是自动切除线。因此，取地层的层数n＝2，利用浅层折射波法实现地震波波至的自动切除。5) Fig. 1 shows that the slope of the time-distance curve of the shallow refracted wave 1 is the largest, and in the overlapping interference region 5 of the refracted wave and the reflected wave, the time-distance curve of the shallow refracted wave 1 is the automatic cut-off line. Therefore, taking the number of layers of the formation layer n=2, the shallow refraction wave method is used to realize the automatic removal of the seismic wave arrival.
本发明采用在野外地震采集阶段通过微测井、小折射等手段获得的准确的低降速带地层信息。将n>2时的折射波时距曲线方程简化为n＝2时的浅层折射波时距曲线方程。如下所示：
The invention adopts accurate low-low speed zone formation information obtained by micro-logging, small refraction and the like in the field seismic acquisition stage. The refracted wave time-distance curve equation when n>2 is simplified to the shallow-refractive wave time-distance curve equation when n=2. As follows:
式中，X是偏移距，Where X is the offset,
v0，v1分别是是第1层和第2层地层的速度，v 0 , v 1 are the speeds of the first and second layers, respectively.
h0是第1层地层的厚度，h 0 is the thickness of the first layer of the formation,
α0是第一层地层的折射波临界角，α 0 is the critical angle of the refracted wave of the first layer,
t是折射波在偏移距X处的旅行时间；t is the travel time of the refracted wave at the offset X;
求解方程式(7)得到一系列(X，t)点，连接各点获得浅层折射波自动切除线；把自动切除线运用到共中心点(CMP)道集、炮集或共检波点集上并把自动切除线以前的数据切掉，实现地震波波至的自动切除。Solve equation (7) to obtain a series of (X, t) points, connect the points to obtain the shallow refraction wave automatic resection line; apply the automatic resection line to the common center point (CMP) gather, gun set or common check wave set The data before the automatic cutting line is cut off, and the automatic removal of the seismic wave arrival is realized.
本发明基于波在地层中传播的地球物理规律，构建出一种自动的地震波波至切除方法，能够干净切除有效波初至前的强干扰。The invention is based on the geophysical law of wave propagation in the formation, and constructs an automatic seismic wave to the resection method, which can cleanly remove the strong interference from the first arrival of the effective wave.
下面通过实例展示本发明的具体实施方式。Specific embodiments of the invention are shown by way of example below.
实例一是利用一处微测井数据来展示自动切除的方法。Example 1 uses a micro-log data to demonstrate the method of automatic ablation.
已知第一层地层(低降速带)的速度v0＝417m/s，第二层地层(下伏高速层)的速度v1＝1739m/s，第一层地层的厚度h0＝2.3m。那么根据浅层折射波求解初至自动切除线的步骤如下：It is known that the velocity of the first stratum (low deceleration zone) v 0 = 417 m/s, the velocity of the second stratum (underlying high velocity zone) v 1 = 1739 m/s, and the thickness of the first stratum h 0 = 2.3 m. Then, according to the shallow refracted wave, the steps of solving the first-time automatic cutting line are as follows:
(1)根据方程(1)求得浅层折射波临界角cosα0＝(1-(v0/v1)2)0.5＝0.9708；式中，α0是第一层地层的折射波临界角。(1) According to equation (1), the critical angle of the shallow refracted wave is obtained by cosα 0 = (1 - (v 0 / v 1 ) 2 ) 0.5 = 0.9708; where α 0 is the critical angle of the refracted wave of the first layer .
(2)这里，地层的层数n取值为2，因此采用方程(7)：(2) Here, the number of layers n of the formation is 2, so equation (7) is used:
来计算浅层折射波在不同偏移距上的旅行时。To calculate the travel time of shallow refracted waves at different offsets.
式中，X是偏移距，Where X is the offset,
t是对应偏移距X的折射波旅行时间。。t is the refracted wave travel time corresponding to the offset X. .
(3)计算最大折射波旅行时，即切除值。(3) Calculate the maximum refracted wave when traveling, that is, cut off the value.
表1：计算最大折射波旅行时Table 1: Calculating the maximum refracted wave travel time
| XX | 176176 | 506506 | 985985 | 14881488 | 19841984 | 24922492 | 29802980 | 35223522 |
| t折 T fold | 0.0110.011 | 0.3020.302 | 0.5770.577 | 0.8660.866 | 1.1521.152 | 1.4441.444 | 1.7241.724 | 2.0362.036 |
| t反射 t reflection | 0.1010.101 | 0.2910.291 | 0.5660.566 | 0.8560.856 | 1.1411.141 | 1.4331.433 | 1.7141.714 | 2.0252.025 |
| tXmax t Xmax | 0.1010.101 | 0.3020.302 | 0.5770.577 | 0.8660.866 | 1.1521.152 | 1.4441.444 | 1.7241.724 | 2.0362.036 |
上表中X行是偏移距，t折行是浅层折射波初至时间，t反射是第一层地层的反射波初至时
间。tXmax行是选取的最大旅行时间，即切除值。X is a row in the table offset, t is wrapped to the beginning of refractive time, t is the reflection of the first layer between Reflected Wave time to the formation. The Xmax line is the maximum travel time selected, ie the cutoff value.
(4)在CMP道集上显示每个偏移距对应的切除值并把它们连接成线(参见附图2)。(4) The cutoff values corresponding to each offset are displayed on the CMP gather and connected as a line (see Fig. 2).
(5)在CMP道集上对每一道的地震数据应用切除，或者根据切除值在大道集上显示切除线来指导手动拾取切除线。(5) Applying a cut to the seismic data of each track on the CMP gather, or displaying the cut line on the boulevard according to the cutoff value to guide the manual picking of the cut line.
图2是实例一中自动切除与手动切除在CMP道集上的对比示意图。黑色粗线为手动拾取的切除线；黑色细线是浅层折射波的波至线，即自动切除线。Figure 2 is a schematic illustration of the comparison of automatic and manual ablation on the CMP gather in Example 1. The black thick line is the manually removed cut line; the black thin line is the wave to line of the shallow refracted wave, that is, the automatic cut line.
实例二是利用另外一处的微测井数据来展示自动切除的方法。The second example is to use another micro-log data to demonstrate the method of automatic resection.
已知第一层地层的速度v0＝562m/s，第二层地层(下伏高速层)的速度v1＝1642m/s，第一层地层的厚度h0＝3.5m。那么根据浅层折射波求解初至自动切除线的步骤如下：It is known that the velocity of the first formation is v 0 = 562 m/s, the velocity of the second formation (underlying high speed layer) is v 1 =1642 m/s, and the thickness of the first formation is h 0 = 3.5 m. Then, according to the shallow refracted wave, the steps of solving the first-time automatic cutting line are as follows:
(1)根据方程(1)求得浅层折射波临界角cosα0＝(1-(v0/v1)2)0.5＝0.9396；式中，α0是第一层地层的折射波临界角。(1) According to equation (1), the critical angle of the shallow refracted wave is obtained by cosα 0 = (1 - (v 0 / v 1 ) 2 ) 0.5 = 0.9396; where α 0 is the critical angle of the refracted wave of the first layer .
(2)这里，地层的层数n取值为2，因此采用方程(7)：(2) Here, the number of layers n of the formation is 2, so equation (7) is used:
来计算浅层折射波在不同偏移距上的旅行时。To calculate the travel time of shallow refracted waves at different offsets.
式中，X是偏移距，Where X is the offset,
t是对应偏移距X的折射波旅行时间。t is the refracted wave travel time corresponding to the offset X.
(3)计算最大折射波旅行时，即切除值。(3) Calculate the maximum refracted wave when traveling, that is, cut off the value.
表1：计算最大折射波旅行时Table 1: Calculating the maximum refracted wave travel time
| XX | 1782.41782.4 | 2105.02105.0 | 2491.92491.9 | 2975.62975.6 | 3282.63282.6 | 3621.13621.1 |
| t折 T fold | 1.0971.097 | 1.2941.294 | 1.5291.529 | 1.8241.824 | 2.0112.011 | 2.2172.217 |
| t反射 t reflection | 1.0861.086 | 1.2821.282 | 1.5181.518 | 1.8121.812 | 1.9991.999 | 2.2052.205 |
| tXmax t Xmax | 1.0971.097 | 1.2941.294 | 1.5291.529 | 1.8241.824 | 2.0112.011 | 2.2172.217 |
上表中X行是偏移距，t折行是浅层折射波初至时间，t反射是第一层地层的反射波初至时间。tXmax行是选取的最大旅行时间，即切除值。X is a row in the table offset, t is wrapped to the beginning of refractive time, t is the beginning of a reflected wave reflected a first time layer to the formation. The Xmax line is the maximum travel time selected, ie the cutoff value.
(4)在CMP道集或炮集上显示每个偏移距对应的切除值并把它们连接成切除线。(4) Display the cutoff values corresponding to each offset on the CMP gather or shot set and connect them as cut lines.
(5)在CMP道集或炮集上对每一道的地震数据应用切除，或者根据切除值在大道集上显示切除线来指导手动拾取切除线。(5) Applying a cut to the seismic data of each track on the CMP gather or shot set, or displaying the cut line on the boulevard according to the cutoff value to guide the manual picking of the cut line.
表2：实例一中自动切除值与手动切除值对比
Table 2: Comparison of automatic cutoff values and manual cutoff values in Example 1
| XX | 176176 | 506506 | 985985 | 14881488 | 19841984 | 24922492 | 29802980 | 35223522 |
| t切 T cut | 0.1010.101 | 0.3020.302 | 0.5770.577 | 0.8660.866 | 1.1521.152 | 1.4441.444 | 1.7241.724 | 2.0362.036 |
| t手 t hand | 0.1630.163 | 0.2510.251 | 0.4330.433 | 0.6400.640 | 1.0091.009 | 1.3851.385 | 1.7361.736 | 2.1312.131 |
| t100 t 100 | 0.1640.164 | 0.3240.324 | 0.5890.589 | 0.8740.874 | 1.1581.158 | 1.4491.449 | 1.7291.729 | 2.0402.040 |
| t200 t 200 | 0.2620.262 | 0.3820.382 | 0.6220.622 | 0.8970.897 | 1.1751.175 | 1.4621.462 | 1.7401.740 | 2.0492.049 |
上表为实例一中折射波切除法(t切行)、人工切除法(t手行)与反射波初至时间(其它行)对比。X为偏移距，t折为折射波初至时间，t手为人工切除时间，t100是第二层地层厚度为100米时反射波的理论初至时间(单位为秒)，t200是第二层地层厚度为200米时反射波的理论初至时间。The above table is a comparison of the refracting wave excision method (t- cut line), the manual excision method (t- hand line) and the first arrival time (other lines) of the reflected wave in the first example. X is the offset, t off is the time to the beginning of refraction, t is the artificial hand removal time, t formation thickness of the second layer 100 is 100 m theoretical reflected wave to the beginning of the time (in seconds), t is 200 is The theoretical first arrival time of the reflected wave when the thickness of the second layer is 200 meters.
图2显示，与凭借经验的手动切除相比，浅层折射波切除法与反射波有更好的吻合逼近关系图2。Figure 2 shows that the shallow refracted wave resection method has a better agreement with the reflected wave compared to the empirical manual resection.
表2说明，人工切除的精度不好控制，切除值偏差较大；折射波初至切除法则具有很好的稳定性。Table 2 shows that the accuracy of manual resection is not well controlled, and the deviation of the resection value is large; the refraction wave first arrival resection method has good stability.
根据在野外实际生产中的应用结果，本发明具有良好的适用性。The present invention has good applicability based on application results in actual production in the field.
本发明中应用了具体实施例对本发明的原理及实施方式进行了阐述，以上实施例的说明只是用于帮助理解本发明的方法及其核心思想；同时，对于本领域的一般技术人员，依据本发明的思想，在具体实施方式及应用范围上均会有改变之处，综上所述，本说明书内容不应理解为对本发明的限制。
The principles and embodiments of the present invention have been described in connection with the specific embodiments of the present invention. The description of the above embodiments is only for the understanding of the method of the present invention and the core idea thereof. At the same time, for those skilled in the art, according to the present invention The present invention is not limited by the scope of the present invention.
Claims (2)
- 一种自动切除地震波波至的方法，特点是通过以下步骤实现：A method for automatically removing the arrival of seismic waves, which is characterized by the following steps:1)根据由微测井或测井得到的n层水平层状介质的层速度和厚度，第k层的速度为vk-1(0≦k≦n-1)，底层厚度为hk-1(0≦k≦n-1)，用下式计算第k层的折射波临界角αk-1(0≦k≦n-1)的余弦值：1) According to the layer velocity and thickness of the n-layer horizontal layered medium obtained by micro-logging or logging, the velocity of the k- th layer is v k-1 (0≦k≦n-1), and the thickness of the bottom layer is h k- 1 (0≦k≦n-1), the cosine of the refraction wave critical angle α k-1 (0≦k≦n-1) of the kth layer is calculated by the following formula:cosαk-1＝(1-(vk-1/vk)2)0.5 (1)Cosα k-1 =(1-(v k-1 /v k ) 2 ) 0.5 (1)式中，In the formula,αk-1是第k层的折射波临界角，α k-1 is the critical angle of the refracted wave of the kth layer,vk-1是第k层的速度，v k-1 is the speed of the kth layer,vk是第k+1层的速度，v k is the speed of the k+1th layer,这里0≦k≦n-1，n是地层的层数；Here 0≦k≦n-1, n is the number of layers in the formation;2)将折射波临界角αk-1(0≦k≦n-1)的余弦值代入第n(n>2)层的折射波时距曲线方程：2) Substituting the cosine of the critical value of the refraction wave α k-1 (0≦k≦n-1) into the refraction wave time-distance curve equation of the nth (n>2) layer:
式中，0≦k≦n-1，n是地层的层数，Where 0≦k≦n-1,n is the number of layers in the formation,X是偏移距，X is the offset,vn-1是第n层地层的速度，v n-1 is the speed of the nth layer,hk-1是第k层地层的厚度，h k-1 is the thickness of the kth layer,αk-1是第k层地层的折射波临界角，α k-1 is the critical angle of the refracted wave of the kth layer,vk-1是第k层的速度，v k-1 is the speed of the kth layer,t是折射波在偏移距X处的旅行时间；t is the travel time of the refracted wave at the offset X;3)对每一个折射层求解折射波时距曲线方程，得到偏移距X上所有折射波的波至时间，当X小于盲区半径时，折射波的波至时间取值为0；取其中的最大值tXmax，为偏移距X上的切除值；3) Solving the refraction wave time-distance curve equation for each refraction layer, and obtaining the arrival time of all the refraction waves on the offset X. When X is smaller than the blind zone radius, the arrival time of the refraction wave is 0; The maximum value t Xmax is the cutoff value on the offset X;其中tXmax为同一偏移距X上所有折射波波至值中(t0,……,tn-1)的最大值；Where t Xmax is the maximum value of all the refracted wave arrival values (t 0 , . . . , t n-1 ) on the same offset X;4)把所有偏移距对应的tXmax值连接成线后获得折射波自动切除线；4) connecting the t Xmax values corresponding to all the offsets into a line to obtain an automatic resection line of the refracted waves;5)取地层的层数n＝2，此时的地层模型为低降速带模型，采用浅层折射波法实现地震波波至的自动切除。 5) Take the number of layers of the ground layer n=2. At this time, the stratum model is a low-velocity belt model, and the shallow refraction wave method is used to realize the automatic resection of seismic waves. - 根据权利要求1的方法，在野外地震采集阶段，采用微测井、小折射等手段获得准确的低降速带地层信息后，将步骤2)折射波时距曲线方程简化为下式：According to the method of claim 1, in the field seismic acquisition stage, after obtaining accurate low-deceleration zone formation information by means of micro-logging, small refraction, etc., the step 2) refracting time-distance curve equation is simplified to the following formula:
式中，X是偏移距，Where X is the offset,v0，v1分别是是第1层和第2层地层的速度，v 0 , v 1 are the speeds of the first and second layers, respectively.h0是第1层地层的厚度，h 0 is the thickness of the first layer of the formation,α0是第一层地层的折射波临界角，α 0 is the critical angle of the refracted wave of the first layer,t是折射波在偏移距X处的旅行时间；t is the travel time of the refracted wave at the offset X;求解方程式(3)得到一系列(X，t)点，连接各点获得浅层折射波自动切除线；把自动切除线运用到共中心点(CMP)道集、炮集或共检波点集上并把自动切除线以前的数据切掉，实现地震波波至的自动切除。 Solve equation (3) to obtain a series of (X, t) points, connect the points to obtain the shallow refraction wave automatic resection line; apply the automatic resection line to the common center point (CMP) gather, gun set or common check wave set The data before the automatic cutting line is cut off, and the automatic removal of the seismic wave arrival is realized.
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