CN111929728A - Three-dimensional three-component advanced refined geological prediction method - Google Patents
Three-dimensional three-component advanced refined geological prediction method Download PDFInfo
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- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
- G01V1/28—Processing seismic data, e.g. analysis, for interpretation, for correction
- G01V1/30—Analysis
- G01V1/301—Analysis for determining seismic cross-sections or geostructures
- G01V1/302—Analysis for determining seismic cross-sections or geostructures in 3D data cubes
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
- G01V1/28—Processing seismic data, e.g. analysis, for interpretation, for correction
- G01V1/36—Effecting static or dynamic corrections on records, e.g. correcting spread; Correlating seismic signals; Eliminating effects of unwanted energy
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V2210/00—Details of seismic processing or analysis
- G01V2210/60—Analysis
- G01V2210/64—Geostructures, e.g. in 3D data cubes
Abstract
The invention discloses a three-dimensional three-component advanced and refined geological forecasting method, which belongs to the technical field of tunnel engineering, and comprises the steps of firstly establishing an observation system, then balancing the amplitude, then picking up direct waves, then extracting the wave velocities of longitudinal waves and transverse waves, then removing interference and filtering, then preparing a two-dimensional longitudinal wave velocity, transverse wave velocity and reflection interface diagram and a three-dimensional longitudinal wave velocity and reflection interface diagram, and finally explaining the detection result, wherein polymer gel is adopted as a coupling agent, a hole opening is blocked by adopting a high-absorption attenuation material, interference waves can be suppressed, seismic wave signals are ensured, meanwhile, a loop open circuit triggering timing mode is adopted, a loop is arranged on a seismic source, the loop is exploded while the seismic source is exploded to generate vibration propagation, the loop triggers the collection, the triggering collection has no relation with detonator delay in the process of explosion generation, and basically no triggering time error exists under the condition that the loop is not to, through two-dimensional and three-dimensional refined geological forecast, the effects of dynamic design and construction of the tunnel and cost saving can be achieved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of tunnel engineering, in particular to a three-dimensional three-component advanced and refined geological forecasting method.
Background
Advanced geological forecast (TGP) or tunnel advanced geological forecast is to forecast the surrounding rock and stratum conditions in front of the tunnel face and around the tunnel face (mainly railway tunnel) during tunnel excavation. The common tunnel advance geological prediction method mainly comprises a geological method and a geophysical prospecting method, wherein the geophysical prospecting method is a physical detection method for data informatization acquisition, processing and analysis, which is carried out according to the physical property difference of a rock body in front of a tunnel face. The seismic wave reflection method is one of the commonly used advanced geological forecast geophysical prospecting methods, and the parameters such as the position of a reflection interface, the stratum wave velocity and the like are deduced by a method of exciting seismic waves and receiving seismic reflected waves, so that the method plays a role in detecting the geological condition of surrounding rock in front of the tunnel face, and has the characteristics of high resolution, large detection depth and sensitive response to the structure.
At present, the division of the common advanced geological forecast of underground engineering has no unified standard, most of the advance geological forecast is divided into two stages of long-term forecast and short-term forecast according to the detection distance of geophysical prospecting, although a macro advanced geological forecast concept is provided, the research on the theory, steps and method is less, practical application examples are less, in the comprehensive application of the advanced geological forecast technology, the phenomenon that the advanced geological forecast is carried out after the advance detection is carried out by only two or two advanced geophysical prospecting means is common, in numerous tunnel constructions, workers continuously optimize and combine, but the existing advanced and refined geological forecast still has the common prediction precision, and the effect of optimizing design and construction is common.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a three-dimensional three-component advanced and refined geological prediction method, which has the advantages of achieving dynamic design and construction of tunnels and saving cost and solves the problems in the background technology.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a three-dimensional three-component advanced refined geological forecast method comprises the following steps:
s1: establishing an observation system, namely selecting an advanced forecasting system instrument, and drilling a hole wall in the tunnel excavation direction before carrying out advanced geological forecasting work of the tunnel;
s2: the amplitude is balanced, so that the difference of reflection energy among shallow, middle and deep layers or tracks is often large on field original records or horizontal stacking sections, and the stacking effect is inconvenient to display or influence if the reflection energy is not processed;
s3: picking up direct waves, performing linear dynamic correction on the transmission speeds of the blasting vibration waves and the common vibration waves detected by an observation system in the rock when picking up the direct waves, and then picking up the direct waves;
s4: extracting longitudinal and transverse wave velocities, setting data length, zeroing and processing average amplitude spectrum of the collected seismic records by a computer to enable waveform signals to be at the same magnitude level, and performing waveform comparison and spectrum analysis; setting the upper limit and the lower limit of band-pass filtering by using the difference of the frequency band response values of the noise signal and the effective signal, and processing the signal by adopting nonlinear amplification technologies such as amplitude compensation and the like; performing time-depth conversion on the seismic section by using the velocity analysis result to obtain an migration result after migration processing;
s5: interference removal and filtering processing;
s6: two-dimensional longitudinal and transverse wave speeds and a reflection interface diagram;
s7: a three-dimensional longitudinal wave velocity and reflection interface diagram;
s8; the detection result is explained mainly by the longitudinal wave velocity and the longitudinal wave reflection interface.
Preferably, in the step S1, in order to acquire better TGP original data, all processes that can generate vibration in the tunnel are required to be shut down, the geophone is mounted by adopting polymer gel coupling, and the sound wave noise is suppressed by adopting a high sound absorption material to seal the receiving hole; the tunnel excavation method comprises the steps that 18 excitation hole sites and 1 receiving hole site which are uniformly distributed are preset on the right wall in the tunnel excavation direction, the distance between the excitation holes is 1.5m, the minimum offset distance is 20m, the heights of the receiving holes and the excitation holes are about 1.2m, the hole diameters are 50mm, and the hole depths are about 2.0 m.
Preferably, the amplitude equalization process in S2 includes the following steps:
s201, importing data of a three-dimensional blasting vibration observation system;
s202, reordering the excitation hole site and receiving hole site information in the three-dimensional blasting vibration observation system data according to the position of the surface element of the tunnel;
s203, calculating an amplitude coefficient of each group of shot-detector pairs of the three-dimensional blasting vibration system, wherein the amplitude of each receiving hole site is multiplied by the square root of the ratio of the maximum amplitude average value to the maximum amplitude absolute value to obtain the balanced amplitude;
s204, accumulating the calculated amplitude coefficients of each group of shot-geophone pairs;
s205, drawing a bin amplitude distribution graph;
and S206, performing statistical analysis on the plotted bin amplitude distribution map.
Preferably, in S4, the method includes preprocessing the reflected wave of the blast vibration received by each receiving hole, where the preprocessing includes performing time correction on the transverse wave and the longitudinal wave in the reflected wave data to obtain preprocessed reflected wave simulation data, and performing normalization processing by dividing the transverse wave velocity and the longitudinal wave velocity corresponding to each bin by a normalization factor, and then forming tag data by the preprocessed reflected wave simulation data together with the normalized transverse wave velocity and the normalized longitudinal wave velocity, and inputting the tag data into a dedicated neural network for processing to obtain a secondary processing result, and then multiplying the secondary processing result by the normalization factor to obtain a final transverse wave velocity and a final longitudinal wave velocity.
Preferably, the interference removal and filtering processing in S5 includes the steps of setting, zeroing, and processing an average amplitude spectrum of the processed transverse wave data and the processed longitudinal wave data by the computer to make the transverse wave signal and the longitudinal wave signal at the same level, then performing waveform comparison and spectrum analysis, setting an upper limit and a lower limit of the band-pass filtering by using a difference between a frequency band response value of the noise signal and an effective signal, and processing the signals by using a nonlinear amplification technique such as amplitude compensation.
Preferably, in S6, the blast shock wave is incident through the high impedance layer at a large angle, and reaches the low impedance layer under the low impedance layer, even if the energy is weak, when wide-angle reflection occurs, a strong signal can be received at the bottom surface, and in data processing, in order to retain the wide-angle reflection wave, in an area where the wide-angle reflection exists, the first-arrival refraction wave cannot be cut off first, but frequency wave number domain filtering, two-dimensional filtering or linear interference rejection is performed on the corrected seismic wave to suppress the relevant interference, so as to improve the signal-to-noise ratio, and obtain a better superposition profile.
Preferably, in S7, the three-dimensional longitudinal wave velocity and the reflection interface map need to remove the area where the tunnel face or the tunnel side wall is collapsed when the arrangement is performed, and if the tunnel face or the tunnel side wall is collapsed, the reflection interface maps here are smoothly connected by the adjacent map faces.
Preferably, the interpretation of the detection result in S8 includes two-dimensional interpretation, three-dimensional interpretation and prediction result comprehensive forecast.
Preferably, in S3, the performing linear motion correction on the transmission speed of the detected blast shock wave and the normal shock wave of the observation system in the rock includes:
judging the structure of the rock, and judging whether the rock is a medium with uniform distribution;
when the rock is a uniformly distributed medium, determining a dynamic correction value according to the depths of the blasting vibration waves and the common vibration waves in the rock and the composition of the rock, and then eliminating a difference value according to the dynamic correction value to perform linear dynamic correction;
when the rock is a medium with uneven distribution, dividing the rock into a plurality of sections of uniform media according to structural distribution, respectively determining the dynamic correction value of each section of rock media, and then performing piecewise linear dynamic correction on the transmission speed of the blasting vibration wave and the common vibration wave in the rock.
Preferably, when the upper limit value and the lower limit value of the band-pass filtering are set, the upper limit value and the lower limit value of the band-pass filtering are determined by the following formulas:
f＝f0-f0*exp(lg(g+h)*ln10)÷exp(ln2)
in the above formula, F is the upper limit of the band-pass filterF is the lower limit of the band-pass filtering, f0The average frequency of the effective signal is g, the frequency band response value of the noise signal is h, the frequency band response value of the effective signal is h, ln and lg are both logarithmic functions, and e is a natural constant.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention provides a three-dimensional three-component advanced fine geological prediction method, which comprises the steps of firstly establishing an observation system, then balancing the amplitude, then picking up direct waves, then extracting the wave velocities of longitudinal waves and transverse waves, then removing interference and carrying out filtering treatment, then preparing a two-dimensional longitudinal wave velocity, transverse wave velocity, reflection interface diagram and a three-dimensional longitudinal wave velocity and reflection interface diagram, and finally explaining the detection result, wherein polymer gel is adopted as a coupling agent, a hole opening is blocked by adopting a high-absorption attenuation material, interference waves can be suppressed, seismic wave signals are ensured, meanwhile, a loop opening triggering timing mode is adopted, loops are bound on a seismic source, burst loop triggering acquisition is carried out while vibration propagation is generated by seismic source explosion, the burst loop triggering acquisition has no relation with detonator delay in the explosion generation process, no triggering time error basically exists under the condition that the bound loops do not fall off, and through two-dimensional and three-dimensional fine geological prediction, the effects of dynamic design construction and cost saving of the tunnel can be achieved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a process for advanced refinement of geological predictions in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the observation system set up according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a block diagram of the amplitude equalization process of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a block diagram of the process of extracting the wave velocity of longitudinal and transverse waves according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic top view of a longitudinal and transverse wave reflecting interface according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a diagram of the velocity and reflection interface of a three-dimensional longitudinal wave according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Please refer to fig. 1-6: a three-dimensional three-component advanced refined geological forecast method comprises the following steps:
the first step is as follows: an observation system is established, namely a proper advance forecasting system instrument is selected, wherein the TGP advance geological forecasting system adopts a three-component speed type geophone which has high sensitivity and directivity and broadband characteristics adapted to the frequency of seismic waves propagated by surrounding rocks of a tunnel, the completeness of seismic wave waveforms and the richness and the clarity of longitudinal wave and transverse wave information are ensured to the greatest extent, before the advance geological forecasting work of the tunnel is carried out, holes are drilled in the wall of the tunnel in the excavation direction, the holes comprise an excitation hole and a receiving hole, the excitation hole is closer to the tunnel face than the receiving hole, the number of the excitation hole is far more than that of the receiving hole, so reflected waves of blasting vibration can be received through the receiving hole, 18 excitation hole sites and 1 receiving hole site are preset and uniformly distributed on the right wall of the tunnel excavation direction, the distance of the excitation holes is 1.5m, and the minimum offset distance is 20m, the height of the receiving hole and the height of the exciting hole are both about 1.2m, the aperture is both 50mm, the hole depth is both about 2.0m, wherein, in order to acquire better TGP original data, all procedures which can generate vibration in the tunnel are required to be shut down, the geophone is coupled by polymer gel when being installed, the sound wave noise is suppressed by adopting a high sound absorption material to seal the receiving hole, namely, the geophone of the TGP advanced geological prediction system adopts the polymer gel as a coupling agent, the three-component geophone is directly contacted with the surrounding rock of the drilled hole through the polymer gel, the seismic signal is led out through a flexible wire and connected with an instrument, the hole opening is sealed by a high absorption attenuation material to play a role of suppressing interference waves and ensuring the seismic wave signal, meanwhile, the TGP advanced geological prediction system adopts a loop triggering timing mode, loop wires are bound on a seismic source, the burst loop triggering acquisition is generated when the seismic source explodes to generate, and basically, the triggering time error does not exist under the condition that the binding loop does not fall off the seismic source.
The second step is that: amplitude equalization, wherein the difference of reflection energy among shallow, medium and deep layers or tracks is often large on a field original record or a horizontal superposition section, and the superposition effect is inconvenient to display or influence if the reflection energy is not processed, wherein the amplitude equalization process comprises the following steps: firstly, importing three-dimensional blasting vibration observation system data, wherein the three-dimensional blasting vibration observation system data refers to the arrangement condition of excitation holes and receiving holes in blasting vibration data acquisition, then reordering excitation hole site and receiving hole site information in the three-dimensional blasting vibration observation system data according to the position of a tunnel surface element, and the reordering comprises calculating the midpoint coordinate of each group of shot-detector pairs of the three-dimensional blasting vibration observation system; the shot-receiver pairs with the same midpoint coordinates are put together to form a bin, shot point and receiver point (excitation hole and receiving hole) information of the three-dimensional blasting vibration observation system data is reordered according to bin positions, wherein the shot point and receiver point information can comprise attribute distribution of the shot-receiver pairs of the three-dimensional blasting vibration observation system, such as covering times, shot-receiver distances, azimuth angles and the like, then amplitude coefficients of each group of shot-receiver pairs of the three-dimensional blasting vibration observation system are calculated, wherein the amplitude of each receiving hole site is multiplied by the square root of the ratio of the maximum amplitude average value to the maximum amplitude absolute value to obtain balanced amplitude, then the calculated amplitude coefficients of each group of shot-receiver pairs are accumulated, then bin amplitude distribution maps are drawn, and finally the drawn bin amplitude distribution maps are subjected to statistical analysis.
The third step: and (3) picking up the direct waves, performing linear dynamic correction on the transmission speeds of the blasting vibration waves and the common vibration waves detected by the observation system in the rock when the direct waves are picked up, and then picking up the direct waves.
The fourth step: extracting longitudinal and transverse wave velocities, setting data length, zeroing and processing average amplitude spectrum of the collected seismic records by a computer to enable waveform signals to be at the same magnitude level, and performing waveform comparison and spectrum analysis; setting upper limit and lower limit values of band-pass filtering by using the difference of frequency band response values of a noise signal and an effective signal, processing the signal by adopting nonlinear amplification technologies such as amplitude compensation and the like, and performing time-depth conversion on a seismic section by using a velocity analysis result to obtain an offset result after offset processing; the method comprises the steps of preprocessing blasting vibration reflected waves received by each receiving hole site, wherein the preprocessing comprises the steps of carrying out time correction on transverse waves and longitudinal waves in reflected wave data to obtain preprocessed reflected wave simulation data, dividing transverse wave speed and longitudinal wave speed corresponding to each surface element by a normalization factor to carry out normalization processing, forming label data by the preprocessed reflected wave simulation data and the normalized transverse wave speed and normalized longitudinal wave speed together, inputting the label data into a special neural network to be processed to obtain a secondary processing result, and multiplying the secondary processing result by the normalization factor to obtain final transverse wave speed and longitudinal wave speed.
The fifth step: the method comprises the steps of interference removal and filtering processing, wherein the interference removal and filtering processing process comprises the steps of setting data length, zeroing and processing average amplitude spectrum of processed transverse wave data and processed longitudinal wave data by a computer to enable transverse wave signals and longitudinal wave signals to be in the same magnitude level, then carrying out waveform comparison and spectrum analysis, setting upper limit and lower limit values of band-pass filtering by utilizing the difference of noise signals and effective signal frequency band response values, and processing the signals by adopting nonlinear amplification technologies such as amplitude compensation.
And a sixth step: the two-dimensional longitudinal and transverse wave velocity and reflection interface diagram is characterized in that blasting vibration waves are transmitted through a high-impedance layer at a large angle, even if the energy of the low-impedance layer reaching the bottom is weak, the blasting vibration waves can receive a strong signal on the bottom surface when wide-angle reflection occurs, in data processing, in order to keep wide-angle reflection waves, in an area with wide-angle reflection, primary-arrival refraction waves cannot be cut off firstly, and frequency wave number domain filtering, two-dimensional filtering or linear interference rejection is carried out on the corrected seismic waves to suppress related interference, the signal-to-noise ratio is improved, and a good superposition section is obtained.
The seventh step: and if the tunnel face or the tunnel side wall collapses, the reflection interface maps at the position are smoothly connected through adjacent map surfaces.
The seventh step; and (3) explaining the detection result, wherein the explanation mainly takes the longitudinal wave velocity and the longitudinal wave reflection interface as the main parts, and the longitudinal wave velocity and the longitudinal wave reflection interface comprise two-dimensional explanation, three-dimensional explanation and comprehensive prediction of a prediction result.
The invention provides a three-dimensional three-component advanced fine geological prediction method, which comprises the steps of firstly establishing an observation system, drilling holes in the wall of a tunnel in the excavation direction of the tunnel before carrying out advanced geological prediction work of the tunnel, wherein the holes comprise an excitation hole and a receiving hole, the excitation hole is closer to the tunnel face than the receiving hole, the number of the excitation holes is far more than that of the receiving holes, a wave detector of the TGP advanced geological prediction system adopts polymer gel as a coupling agent, the three-component wave detector is directly contacted with surrounding rock of the drilled hole through the polymer gel, seismic signals are led out through a flexible cord and connected with an instrument, a hole opening is blocked by high-absorption attenuation materials to play a role in suppressing interference waves and ensuring seismic wave signals, meanwhile, the TGP advanced geological prediction system adopts a loop open circuit triggering timing mode, loop wires are bound on a seismic source, and burst loop wires, has no relation with detonator delay in the explosion generating process, basically has no triggering time error under the condition that the binding loop wire does not fall off the seismic source, then the amplitude is balanced, the difference of the reflection energy among shallow, middle and deep layers or tracks is often large on the field original record or horizontal superposition section, if the reflection energy is not processed, the superposition effect is not convenient to display or influenced, wherein, the amplitude balancing process firstly leads in the data of the three-dimensional blasting vibration observation system, and then according to the position of the tunnel surface element, reordering the information of the excitation hole site and the receiving hole site in the data of the three-dimensional blasting vibration observation system, then calculating the amplitude coefficient of each group of shot detection pairs of the three-dimensional blasting vibration system, then accumulating the calculated amplitude coefficients of each group of shot detection pairs, secondly, drawing a surface element amplitude distribution graph, and finally performing statistical analysis on the drawn surface element amplitude distribution graph; picking up direct waves after the amplitude is balanced, carrying out linear dynamic correction on the transmission speeds of the blasting vibration waves and the common vibration waves detected by the observation system in the rock when picking up the direct waves, and then picking up the direct waves; then extracting the wave velocity of longitudinal and transverse waves, setting the data length of the collected seismic record, zeroing and processing the average amplitude spectrum by the computer to enable the waveform signals to be at the same magnitude level, and performing waveform comparison and spectrum analysis; and then interference is removed, filtering is carried out, a two-dimensional longitudinal wave velocity, transverse wave velocity and reflection interface graph and a three-dimensional longitudinal wave velocity and reflection interface graph are prepared, and finally the detection result is explained, wherein the explanation mainly takes the longitudinal wave velocity and the longitudinal wave reflection interface as the main parts, and the longitudinal wave velocity and the longitudinal wave reflection interface comprise two-dimensional explanation, three-dimensional explanation and comprehensive prediction of a prediction result.
In summary, the three-dimensional three-component advanced and refined geological prediction method provided by the invention comprises the steps of firstly establishing an observation system, then balancing the amplitude, then picking up direct waves, then extracting the wave velocities of longitudinal waves and transverse waves, then removing interference and filtering, then preparing a two-dimensional longitudinal wave velocity, transverse wave velocity and reflection interface diagram and a three-dimensional longitudinal wave velocity and reflection interface diagram, and finally explaining the detection result, wherein polymer gel is used as a coupling agent, a hole opening is blocked by a high-absorption attenuation material, interference waves can be suppressed, seismic wave signals are guaranteed, meanwhile, a loop open circuit triggering timing mode is adopted, loops are bound on a seismic source, burst loop triggering collection is carried out when the seismic source explodes to generate vibration propagation, the burst loop triggering collection is unrelated to detonator delay in the explosion generation process, and basically no triggering time error exists under the condition that the bound loops do not fall off the seismic source, through two-dimensional and three-dimensional refined geological forecast, the effects of dynamic design and construction of the tunnel and cost saving can be achieved.
In another embodiment of the present invention, in S3, the performing linear motion correction on the transmission speeds of the detected blast shock wave and the normal shock wave in the rock by the observation system includes:
judging the structure of the rock, and judging whether the rock is a medium with uniform distribution;
when the rock is a uniformly distributed medium, determining a dynamic correction value according to the depths of the blasting vibration waves and the common vibration waves in the rock and the composition of the rock, and then eliminating a difference value according to the dynamic correction value to perform linear dynamic correction;
when the rock is a medium with uneven distribution, dividing the rock into a plurality of sections of uniform media according to structural distribution, respectively determining the dynamic correction value of each section of rock media, and then performing piecewise linear dynamic correction on the transmission speed of the blasting vibration wave and the common vibration wave in the rock.
Has the advantages that: when the technical scheme is used for carrying out linear dynamic correction on the transmission speeds of the detected blasting vibration waves and the common vibration waves of the observation system in the rock, the dynamic correction value is determined according to whether the structure of the rock is uniform or not, and the dynamic correction value is related to the depths of the blasting vibration waves and the common vibration waves in the rock and the composition of the rock.
When the upper limit value and the lower limit value of the band-pass filtering are set, the upper limit value and the lower limit value of the band-pass filtering are determined through the following formulas:
f＝f0-f0*exp(lg(g+h)*ln10)÷exp(ln2)
in the above formula, F is the upper limit of the band-pass filter, F is the lower limit of the band-pass filter, and F0The average frequency of the effective signal is g, the frequency band response value of the noise signal is h, the frequency band response value of the effective signal is h, ln and lg are both logarithmic functions, and e is a natural constant.
Has the advantages that: in the technical scheme, the upper limit value and the lower limit value of the band-pass filtering are set, so that the band-pass filtering filters out high-frequency signals and low-frequency signals, intermediate-frequency signals between the upper limit value and the lower limit value are reserved, the filtered signal frequency is relatively mild, and the influence of the high-frequency signals and the low-frequency signals on the deviation of the whole signal is effectively reduced.
It is noted that, herein, relational terms such as first and second, and the like may be used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be able to cover the technical solutions and the inventive concepts of the present invention within the technical scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A three-dimensional three-component advanced and refined geological forecast method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: establishing an observation system, namely selecting an advanced forecasting system instrument, and drilling a hole wall in the tunnel excavation direction before carrying out advanced geological forecasting work of the tunnel;
s2: the amplitude is balanced, so that the difference of reflection energy among shallow, middle and deep layers or tracks is often large on field original records or horizontal stacking sections, and the stacking effect is inconvenient to display or influence if the reflection energy is not processed;
s3: picking up direct waves, performing linear dynamic correction on the transmission speeds of the blasting vibration waves and the common vibration waves detected by an observation system in the rock when picking up the direct waves, and then picking up the direct waves;
s4: extracting longitudinal and transverse wave velocities, setting data length, zeroing and processing average amplitude spectrum of the collected seismic records by a computer to enable waveform signals to be at the same magnitude level, and performing waveform comparison and spectrum analysis; setting the upper limit and the lower limit of band-pass filtering by using the difference of the frequency band response values of the noise signal and the effective signal, and processing the signal by adopting nonlinear amplification technologies such as amplitude compensation and the like; performing time-depth conversion on the seismic section by using the velocity analysis result to obtain an migration result after migration processing;
s5: interference removal and filtering processing;
s6: two-dimensional longitudinal and transverse wave speeds and a reflection interface diagram;
s7: a three-dimensional longitudinal wave velocity and reflection interface diagram;
s8: the detection result is explained mainly by the longitudinal wave velocity and the longitudinal wave reflection interface.
2. The three-dimensional three-component advanced and refined geological prediction method of claim 1, wherein in step S1, in order to acquire better TGP raw data, all processes that can generate vibration in a tunnel are required to be shut down, a geophone is installed by adopting polymer gel coupling, and sound wave noise is suppressed by adopting a high sound absorption material to seal a receiving hole; the tunnel excavation method comprises the steps that 18 excitation hole sites and 1 receiving hole site which are uniformly distributed are preset on the right wall in the tunnel excavation direction, the distance between the excitation holes is 1.5m, the minimum offset distance is 20m, the heights of the receiving holes and the excitation holes are about 1.2m, the hole diameters are 50mm, and the hole depths are about 2.0 m.
3. The method for three-dimensional three-component advanced geological prediction refinement of claim 1, wherein the amplitude equalization process in S2 comprises the following steps:
s201, importing data of a three-dimensional blasting vibration observation system;
s202, reordering the excitation hole site and receiving hole site information in the three-dimensional blasting vibration observation system data according to the position of the surface element of the tunnel;
s203, calculating an amplitude coefficient of each group of shot-detector pairs of the three-dimensional blasting vibration system, wherein the amplitude of each receiving hole site is multiplied by the square root of the ratio of the maximum amplitude average value to the maximum amplitude absolute value to obtain the balanced amplitude;
s204, accumulating the calculated amplitude coefficients of each group of shot-geophone pairs;
s205, drawing a bin amplitude distribution graph;
and S206, performing statistical analysis on the plotted bin amplitude distribution map.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the step S4 is performed to pre-process the reflected wave of blasting shock received by each receiving hole, the pre-processing includes performing time correction on the shear wave and the longitudinal wave in the reflected wave data to obtain pre-processed reflected wave simulation data, performing normalization processing by dividing the shear wave velocity and the longitudinal wave velocity of each bin by a normalization factor, forming label data by the pre-processed reflected wave simulation data and the normalized shear wave velocity and longitudinal wave velocity, inputting the label data into a dedicated neural network for processing to obtain a secondary processing result, and multiplying the secondary processing result by the normalization factor to obtain the final shear wave velocity and longitudinal wave velocity.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the interference removal and filtering process in S5 includes setting data length, zeroing, and processing average amplitude spectrum of the processed shear wave data and longitudinal wave data by the computer to make the shear wave signal and the longitudinal wave signal at the same level, comparing waveforms and analyzing frequency spectrum, setting upper and lower limits of band-pass filtering by using the difference between the response values of the noise signal and the effective signal band, and processing the signals by using nonlinear amplification techniques such as amplitude compensation.
6. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in S6, the blasting shock wave is injected at a large angle through the high impedance layer, and reaches the low impedance layer under the blasting shock wave, even if the energy is weak, when the wide-angle reflection occurs, the blasting shock wave can receive a strong signal on the bottom surface, in the data processing, in order to keep the wide-angle reflection wave, in the area where the wide-angle reflection exists, the first-arrival refraction wave cannot be cut off first, but frequency wave number domain filtering, two-dimensional filtering or linear interference rejection is performed on the corrected seismic wave to suppress the related interference, thereby improving the signal-to-noise ratio and obtaining a better superposition profile.
7. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step S7, the three-dimensional longitudinal wave velocity and reflection boundary map is arranged by removing the collapsed region of the tunnel face or tunnel side wall, and if the tunnel face or tunnel side wall is collapsed, the reflection boundary maps are smoothly connected by the adjacent maps.
8. The method for three-dimensional three-component advanced geological prediction refinement of claim 1, wherein the interpretation of the detection result in S8 includes two-dimensional interpretation, three-dimensional interpretation and prediction result comprehensive prediction.
9. The method of claim 1, wherein the step S3 of performing linear dynamic correction on the transmission speeds of the detected blasting shock waves and normal shock waves in the rock by the observation system comprises:
judging the structure of the rock, and judging whether the rock is a medium with uniform distribution;
when the rock is a uniformly distributed medium, determining a dynamic correction value according to the depths of the blasting vibration waves and the common vibration waves in the rock and the composition of the rock, and then eliminating a difference value according to the dynamic correction value to perform linear dynamic correction;
when the rock is a medium with uneven distribution, dividing the rock into a plurality of sections of uniform media according to structural distribution, respectively determining the dynamic correction value of each section of rock media, and then performing piecewise linear dynamic correction on the transmission speed of the blasting vibration wave and the common vibration wave in the rock.
10. The method of claim 5, wherein the upper limit value and the lower limit value of the band-pass filter are determined by the following formula when the upper limit value and the lower limit value of the band-pass filter are set:
f＝f0-f0*exp(lg(g+h)*ln10)÷exp(ln2)
in the above formula, F is the upper limit of the band-pass filter, F is the lower limit of the band-pass filter, and F0The average frequency of the effective signal is g, the frequency band response value of the noise signal is h, the frequency band response value of the effective signal is h, ln and lg are both logarithmic functions, and e is a natural constant.
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