CN107544087B - Method and device for measuring near-surface stratum quality factor - Google Patents
Method and device for measuring near-surface stratum quality factor Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method and a device for measuring a near-surface stratum quality factor, and belongs to the technical field of petroleum seismic exploration. The method comprises the steps of determining the frequency spectrums of seismic waves detected by a first geophone and a second geophone respectively, wherein the first geophone and the second geophone are arranged at the bottom and the top of a receiving well respectively, the seismic waves are excited by an excitation point arranged at the bottom of an excitation well, the depth of the excitation well is greater than the thickness of a low-speed layer, the depth of the receiving well is less than the thickness of the low-speed layer, determining the frequency spectrums of the seismic waves detected by a plurality of third geophones, and determining a near-surface stratum quality factor based on the frequency spectrums of the seismic waves detected by the first geophone, the second geophone and the third geophones respectively.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to oil seismic exploration technical field, in particular to a kind of side of with measuring near surface interval quality factors
Method and device.
Background technique
Near surface is generally layer structure, mainly includes low velocity layer, which may include low velocity layer (LVL) and low again
Fast layer underlying strata, wherein the low velocity layer (LVL) underlying strata is located at below the low velocity layer (LVL).Due to the effects of being easy by weathering and erosion
Influence, near surface to seismic wave have strong absorption and attenuation, to seriously affect the penetration depth of seismic wave
And resolution capability, it is right so as to according to the ground interval quality factors for this reason, it may be necessary to the ground interval quality factors near surface measure
Seismic wave is compensated in the absorption and decaying of near surface.
In the prior art, with generalling use dual-borehole microlog technology measurement near surface interval quality factors, specifically, according to
Specified well spacing bores the Liang Koujing of same depth, and the usual depth requirements punch low velocity layer (LVL), reach low velocity layer (LVL) underlying strata, wherein
For a well as excitation well, another a well uses detonator equal excitation as received well, in the excitation well, to generate seismic wave, and
And the wave detector for receiving seismic wave is assigned respectively in the shaft bottom of received well and well head, later, by the shaft bottom and the well
Mouthful the received seismic wave of wave detector carry out technology analysis, can calculate near surface stratum quality in the depth bounds because
Son.
In the implementation of the present invention, the inventor finds that the existing technology has at least the following problems:
However, when through dual-borehole microlog technology with measuring near surface interval quality factors, due to low velocity layer (LVL) bottom interface pair
Seismic wave has strong reflection effect, that is, is easy to produce ghosting, receives so as to cause the wave detector in shaft bottom to received well
Seismic wave interferes.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve problems in the prior art, the embodiment of the invention provides a kind of with measuring near surface interval quality factors
Method.The technical solution is as follows:
On the one hand, a kind of method of with measuring near surface interval quality factors is provided, which comprises
The frequency spectrum of the seismic wave of first detector and second detector detection, the first detector and described are determined respectively
Second detector is respectively arranged at shaft bottom and the well head of received well, and the seismic wave is by being set to the excitation point in the shaft bottom of excitation well
Excitation, the depth of the excitation well are greater than weathering layer thickness, and the depth of the received well is less than the weathering layer thickness, and described
At a distance of the first pre-determined distance between received well and the excitation well；
Determine the frequency spectrum of the seismic wave of multiple third detector detections, wherein in the excitation well and the reception
The multiple third detector is provided on the line of well position, and the distance between the multiple third detector is second
Pre-determined distance；
Described in being detected respectively based on the first detector, the second detector and the multiple third detector
The frequency spectrum of seismic wave determines the ground interval quality factors of near surface.
Optionally, described based on the first detector, the second detector and the multiple third detector point
The frequency spectrum for the seismic wave not detected determines the ground interval quality factors of near surface, comprising:
Based on the first frequency spectrum and the second frequency spectrum, determine that the ground interval quality factors of the low velocity layer (LVL), first frequency spectrum are institute
The frequency spectrum of the seismic wave of first detector detection is stated, second frequency spectrum is the earthquake of second detector detection
The frequency spectrum of wave；
Based on second frequency spectrum and multiple third frequency spectrums, the ground interval quality factors of the low velocity layer (LVL) underlying strata are determined,
The institute that each third frequency spectrum detects in the multiple third frequency spectrum for third detector corresponding in the multiple third detector
State the frequency spectrum of seismic wave；
The ground interval quality factors of ground interval quality factors and the low velocity layer (LVL) underlying strata based on the low velocity layer (LVL), determine institute
State the ground interval quality factors of near surface.
Optionally, the stratum quality of the ground interval quality factors based on the low velocity layer (LVL) and the low velocity layer (LVL) underlying strata
The factor determines the ground interval quality factors of the near surface, comprising:
By specifying formula, the stratum product of ground interval quality factors and the low velocity layer (LVL) underlying strata based on the low velocity layer (LVL)
Prime factor determines the ground interval quality factors of the near surface；
The specified formula are as follows:
Wherein, the Q is the ground interval quality factors of the near surface, the Q1For the low velocity layer (LVL) stratum quality because
Son, the Q2For the ground interval quality factors of the low velocity layer (LVL) underlying strata, the t1It is the seismic wave in the low velocity layer (LVL)
Propagation time, the t2For propagation time of the seismic wave in the low velocity layer (LVL) underlying strata, and the t1With the t2It is
It is measured and is obtained in advance by micro logging technology.
Optionally, described to be based on second frequency spectrum and multiple third frequency spectrums, determine the ground of the low velocity layer (LVL) underlying strata
Interval quality factors, comprising:
From second frequency spectrum and the multiple third frequency spectrum, the ground interval quality factors between every two frequency spectrum are determined,
Obtain multiple ground interval quality factors；
The average value of obtained multiple ground interval quality factors is determined as to the stratum quality of the low velocity layer (LVL) underlying strata
The factor.
Optionally, described to be based on the first frequency spectrum and the second frequency spectrum, determine the ground interval quality factors of the low velocity layer (LVL), comprising:
Based on first frequency spectrum and second frequency spectrum, by compose than method determine the stratum quality of the low velocity layer (LVL) because
Son.
On the other hand, a kind of square law device of with measuring near surface interval quality factors is provided, described device includes:
First determining module, the frequency spectrum of the seismic wave for determining first detector and second detector detection respectively, institute
It states first detector and the second detector is respectively arranged at shaft bottom and the well head of received well, the seismic wave is sharp by being set to
The excitation point excitation in the shaft bottom of well is sent out, the depth of the excitation well is greater than weathering layer thickness, and the depth of the received well is less than institute
Weathering layer thickness is stated, and at a distance of the first pre-determined distance between the received well and the excitation well；
Second determining module, the frequency spectrum of the seismic wave for determining multiple third detector detections, wherein described
The multiple third detector, and the multiple third detector are provided on excitation well and received well position line
The distance between be the second pre-determined distance；
Third determining module, for based on the first detector, the second detector and the inspection of the multiple third
The frequency spectrum for the seismic wave that wave device detects respectively determines the ground interval quality factors of near surface.
Optionally, the third determining module includes:
First determination unit, for determining the ground interval quality factors of the low velocity layer (LVL) based on the first frequency spectrum and the second frequency spectrum,
First frequency spectrum is the frequency spectrum of the seismic wave of first detector detection, and second frequency spectrum is second detection
The frequency spectrum of the seismic wave of device detection；
Second determination unit is determined and is thrown oneself on the ground under the low velocity layer (LVL) for being based on second frequency spectrum and multiple third frequency spectrums
The ground interval quality factors of layer, each third frequency spectrum is corresponding the in the multiple third detector in the multiple third frequency spectrum
The frequency spectrum of the seismic wave of three wave detectors detection；
Third determination unit, for based on first determination unit determine the low velocity layer (LVL) ground interval quality factors and
The ground interval quality factors for the low velocity layer (LVL) underlying strata that second determination unit determines, determine the stratum product of the near surface
Prime factor.
Optionally, the third determination unit is used for:
By specifying formula, the stratum product of ground interval quality factors and the low velocity layer (LVL) underlying strata based on the low velocity layer (LVL)
Prime factor determines the ground interval quality factors of the near surface；
The specified formula are as follows:
Wherein, the Q is the ground interval quality factors of the near surface, the Q1For the low velocity layer (LVL) stratum quality because
Son, the Q2For the ground interval quality factors of the low velocity layer (LVL) underlying strata, the t1It is the seismic wave in the low velocity layer (LVL)
Propagation time, the t2For propagation time of the seismic wave in the low velocity layer (LVL) underlying strata, and the t1With the t2It is
It is measured and is obtained in advance by micro logging technology.
Optionally, second determination unit is used for:
From second frequency spectrum and the multiple third frequency spectrum, the ground interval quality factors between every two frequency spectrum are determined,
Obtain multiple ground interval quality factors；
The average value of obtained multiple ground interval quality factors is determined as to the stratum quality of the low velocity layer (LVL) underlying strata
The factor.
Optionally, first determination unit is used for:
Based on first frequency spectrum and second frequency spectrum, by compose than method determine the stratum quality of the low velocity layer (LVL) because
Son.
Technical solution provided in an embodiment of the present invention has the benefit that
In embodiments of the present invention, it is excited, is produced greater than the excitation point in the shaft bottom of the excitation well of low velocity layer (LVL) by being set to depth
After Radix Rehmanniae seismic wave, the frequency spectrum of the seismic wave of first detector and second detector detection is determined respectively, wherein first detection
Device and the second detector are respectively arranged at shaft bottom and the well head of the received well apart from the first pre-determined distance of the excitation well, in addition,
Further determine that the seismic wave for the multiple third detectors detection being arranged on the excitation well and the received well position line
Frequency spectrum, later, based on the first detector, the second detector and multiple third detector detection the seismic wave frequency
Spectrum, that is, can determine the ground interval quality factors of near surface, since the depth of the received well is less than the weathering layer thickness, avoid
Interference caused by strong reflection of the low velocity layer (LVL) bottom interface to seismic wave improves the accuracy of wave detector detection seismic wave, from
And improve the accuracy for determining the ground interval quality factors of the near surface.
Detailed description of the invention
To describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention more clearly, make required in being described below to embodiment
Attached drawing is briefly described, it should be apparent that, drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the invention, for
For those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, it can also be obtained according to these attached drawings other
Attached drawing.
Fig. 1 is a kind of method flow diagram of with measuring near surface interval quality factors shown according to an exemplary embodiment.
Fig. 2A be a kind of measurement near surface shown according to another exemplary embodiment interval quality factors method flow
Figure.
Fig. 2 B is that A implements a kind of implementation environment schematic diagram exemplified according to fig. 2.
Fig. 2 C is the schematic diagram that A implements the seismic wave that a kind of wave detector exemplified detects according to fig. 2.
Fig. 2 D is the spectrum diagram that A implements a kind of seismic wave exemplified according to fig. 2.
Fig. 3 is that a kind of structure of with measuring near surface device of interval quality factors shown according to an exemplary embodiment is shown
It is intended to.
Specific embodiment
To make the object, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, below in conjunction with attached drawing to embodiment party of the present invention
Formula is described in further detail.
Fig. 1 is a kind of method flow diagram of with measuring near surface interval quality factors shown according to an exemplary embodiment,
The measurement near surface the methods of interval quality factors may include the following steps:
Step 101: determining the frequency spectrum of the seismic wave of first detector and second detector detection, the first detector respectively
It is respectively arranged at shaft bottom and the well head of received well with the second detector, the seismic wave is by being set to the excitation in the shaft bottom of excitation well
Point excitation, the depth of the excitation well are greater than weathering layer thickness, and the depth of the received well is less than the weathering layer thickness, and the received well
At a distance of the first pre-determined distance between the excitation well.
Step 102: determining the frequency spectrum of the seismic wave of multiple third detector detections, wherein connect with this in the excitation well
It receives and is provided with multiple third detector on the line of well position, and the distance between multiple third detector is second pre-
If distance.
Step 103: being somebody's turn to do based on what the first detector, the second detector and multiple third detector detected respectively
The frequency spectrum of seismic wave determines the ground interval quality factors of near surface.
In embodiments of the present invention, it is excited, is produced greater than the excitation point in the shaft bottom of the excitation well of low velocity layer (LVL) by being set to depth
After Radix Rehmanniae seismic wave, the frequency spectrum of the seismic wave of first detector and second detector detection is determined respectively, wherein first detection
Device and the second detector are respectively arranged at shaft bottom and the well head of the received well apart from the first pre-determined distance of the excitation well, in addition,
Further determine that the seismic wave for the multiple third detectors detection being arranged on the excitation well and the received well position line
Frequency spectrum, later, based on the first detector, the second detector and multiple third detector detection the seismic wave frequency
Spectrum, that is, can determine the ground interval quality factors of near surface, since the depth of the received well is less than the weathering layer thickness, avoid
Interference caused by strong reflection of the low velocity layer (LVL) bottom interface to seismic wave improves the accuracy of wave detector detection seismic wave, from
And improve the accuracy for determining the ground interval quality factors of the near surface.
Optionally, it is somebody's turn to do based on what the first detector, the second detector and multiple third detector detected respectively
The frequency spectrum of seismic wave determines the ground interval quality factors of near surface, comprising:
Based on the first frequency spectrum and the second frequency spectrum, determine the ground interval quality factors of the low velocity layer (LVL), first frequency spectrum be this first
The frequency spectrum of the seismic wave of wave detector detection, second frequency spectrum are the frequency spectrum of the seismic wave of second detector detection；
Based on second frequency spectrum and multiple third frequency spectrums, the ground interval quality factors of the low velocity layer (LVL) underlying strata are determined, this is more
Each third frequency spectrum is the seismic wave of corresponding third detector detection in multiple third detector in a third frequency spectrum
Frequency spectrum；
The ground interval quality factors of ground interval quality factors and the low velocity layer (LVL) underlying strata based on the low velocity layer (LVL), determine the near-earth
The ground interval quality factors of table.
Optionally, the ground interval quality factors of the ground interval quality factors based on the low velocity layer (LVL) and the low velocity layer (LVL) underlying strata, really
The ground interval quality factors of the fixed near surface, comprising:
By specifying formula, the stratum quality of ground interval quality factors based on the low velocity layer (LVL) and the low velocity layer (LVL) underlying strata because
Son determines the ground interval quality factors of the near surface；
The specified formula are as follows:
Wherein, which is the ground interval quality factors of the near surface, the Q1For the ground interval quality factors of the low velocity layer (LVL), the Q2For this
The ground interval quality factors of low velocity layer (LVL) underlying strata, the t1For propagation time of the seismic wave in the low velocity layer (LVL), the t2For the earthquake
Propagation time of the wave in the low velocity layer (LVL) underlying strata, and the t1With the t2It is to measure to obtain in advance by micro logging technology.
Optionally, second frequency spectrum and multiple third frequency spectrums are based on, determine the stratum quality of the low velocity layer (LVL) underlying strata because
Son, comprising:
From second frequency spectrum and multiple third frequency spectrum, determines the ground interval quality factors between every two frequency spectrum, obtain
Multiple ground interval quality factors；
By the average value of obtained multiple ground interval quality factors be determined as the stratum quality of the low velocity layer (LVL) underlying strata because
Son.
Optionally, it is based on the first frequency spectrum and the second frequency spectrum, determines the ground interval quality factors of the low velocity layer (LVL), comprising:
Based on first frequency spectrum and second frequency spectrum, the ground interval quality factors of the low velocity layer (LVL) are determined than method by composing.
All the above alternatives, can form alternative embodiment of the invention according to any combination, and the present invention is real
It applies example and this is no longer repeated one by one.
Fig. 2A be a kind of measurement near surface shown according to another exemplary embodiment interval quality factors method flow
Figure, the measurement near surface the methods of interval quality factors may include the following steps:
Step 201: determining the frequency spectrum of the seismic wave of first detector and second detector detection, the first detector respectively
It is respectively arranged at shaft bottom and the well head of received well with the second detector, the seismic wave is by being set to the excitation in the shaft bottom of excitation well
Point excitation, the depth of the excitation well are greater than weathering layer thickness, and the depth of the received well is less than the weathering layer thickness, and the received well
At a distance of the first pre-determined distance between the excitation well.
Wherein, above-mentioned excitation well is for being arranged excitation point, and is excited in the excitation well by the excitation point to generate ground
Seismic wave.Above-mentioned received well is for being arranged wave detector, and the wave detector is for detecting ground caused by excitation point excitation in the excitation well
Seismic wave.
During carrying out seismic prospecting, technical staff usually can be preparatory by the technology of such as micro logging or the like
Determine that low velocity layer thickness, the seismic wave of survey area are fast in the propagation time and propagation of low velocity layer (LVL) and low velocity layer (LVL) underlying strata
The information such as degree, wherein the micro logging may refer to the relevant technologies, this is not described in detail in the embodiment of the present invention.Later, technology
Personnel can determine the depth of excitation well and received well according to the low velocity layer thickness, currently, due to the excitation well and this connect
Receive well depth both pass through low velocity layer (LVL), reach low velocity layer (LVL) underlying strata, in this way, due to the low velocity layer (LVL) throw oneself on the ground layer bottom interface be easy
The seismic wave generated to excitation well excitation carries out strong reflection, therefore, leads to the ground of the wave detector detection to the shaft bottom of the received well
Seismic wave interferes.
For this purpose, in embodiments of the present invention, providing a kind of method of with measuring near surface interval quality factors, please referring to figure
2B shows a kind of implementation environment schematic diagram, includes excitation well, received well and multiple wave detectors in the implementation environment:
Wherein, the depth of the excitation well is greater than the weathering layer thickness, that is to say, reaches under low velocity layer (LVL) in the depth of excitation well
It throws oneself on the ground layer, in addition, in one possible implementation, in order to ensure the reliability of seismic wave uplink, the excitation
The depth of well can be far longer than the depth of the received well.The shaft bottom of the excitation well is provided with excitation point, and the excitation point is for swashing
Hair generates seismic wave.
Wherein, which is less than the weathering layer thickness apart from first pre-determined distance of excitation well, the depth of the received well,
And the shaft bottom of the received well is provided with first detector, the well head of the received well is provided with second detector, the first detector
Generated seismic wave is excited for detecting above-mentioned excitation point with the second detector.Since the depth of the received well is low less than this
Fast thickness degree, therefore, for the first detector, the bottom interface for the layer that can throw oneself on the ground to avoid low velocity layer (LVL), which excites excitation well, to be produced
The strong reflection of raw seismic wave.
In addition, being provided with multiple third detector on the excitation well and the received well position line, and this is more
The distance between a third detector is the second pre-determined distance, and multiple third detector is equally used for detecting above-mentioned excitation point and swashs
Seismic wave caused by sending out.
Wherein, above-mentioned first pre-determined distance can by technical staff's customized setting according to actual needs, for example, this first
Pre-determined distance can be 4 meters, in this case, that is to say, the received well position apart from the excitation well position it
Between distance be 4 meters.
Wherein, second pre-determined distance can also by technical staff's customized setting according to actual needs, for example, this second
Pre-determined distance can be 10 meters, in this case, that is to say, the distance between each adjacent two third detector position
It is 10 meters.
Specifically, after determining the low velocity layer thickness of the survey area, multiple measurement point positions are selected in the survey area,
Wherein, the density of multiple measurement point position can be by technical staff's customized setting according to actual needs, for example, can be with every square
Kilometer one measurement point position of setting.Later, the excitation well is laid in the center of multiple measurement point position, wherein according to surveying
The geology in exploratory area domain is different, the actual depth of the excitation well can by technical staff's customized setting according to actual needs, still,
Need to guarantee that the depth of the excitation well is greater than the weathering layer thickness.For example, the depth of the excitation well can be selected in Bay areas
20 meters are taken, and it is possible to drill through the excitation well using water drilling technology, if having water in the excitation well, electric spark can be used
Excitation.Wherein, water drilling technology may refer to the relevant technologies, and it is not limited in the embodiment of the present invention.
Behind the position for having determined the excitation well, apart from first pre-determined distance of excitation well, select topography relatively flat
The received well is arranged in region, wherein the depth of the received well is not more than the weathering layer thickness, that is to say, the shaft bottom of the received well
In the low velocity layer (LVL), for example, the depth of the received well can be 2 meters to 5 meters, and distinguish in the shaft bottom of the received well and well head
First detector and second detector are set.Wherein, in order to guarantee the first detector and the second detector detection earthquake
The coupling condition of wave is consistent, that is to say, in order to guarantee that the first detector and the second detector detect the external world of the seismic wave
Consistent, which can be drilled through using dry eyes drilling technology.Wherein, which may refer to correlation
Technology, it is not limited in the embodiment of the present invention.
Please continue to refer to Fig. 2 B, after the position and the depth that determine the excitation well and the received well, connect in the excitation well with this
It receives on the line of well position, is provided with multiple geophone stations, is correspondingly arranged on one on each geophone station in multiple geophone station
Third detector that is to say, on the excitation well and the received well position line, be provided with multiple third detectors.
Step 202: determining the frequency spectrum of the seismic wave of multiple third detector detections, wherein connect with this in the excitation well
It receives and is provided with multiple third detector on the line of well position, and the distance between multiple third detector is second pre-
If distance.
As described in full text, it is provided with multiple third detector on the excitation well and the received well position line,
Fig. 2 B is please referred to, in embodiments of the present invention, which can be 10 meters, and where the excitation well and received well
9 third detectors are set on the line of position, that is to say, when the received well position is between the excitation well position
Distance be 4 meters when, most artillery spacing be 84 meters, wherein the most artillery spacing refers to the geophone station farthest apart from the excitation well
The distance between position and the excitation well position, that is to say, the third detector institute being arranged on the 10th is in place
Set the distance between the excitation well position.In addition, please referring to Fig. 2 B in order to which subsequent descriptions are convenient, setting is existed here
The first detector position in the shaft bottom of the received well is referred to as the 1st, and the second of the well head of the received well will be arranged in this
Wave detector position is referred to as the 2nd, and by multiple third detector position, right according to sequence from left to right
It should be referred to as the 3rd to the 10th.Wherein, in one possible implementation, the seismic wave that every one of wave detector detects is such as
Shown in Fig. 2 C.
Step 203: being somebody's turn to do based on what the first detector, the second detector and multiple third detector detected respectively
The frequency spectrum of seismic wave determines the ground interval quality factors of near surface.
Wherein, the ground detected respectively based on the first detector, the second detector and multiple third detector
The frequency spectrum of seismic wave determines that the specific implementation process of the ground interval quality factors of near surface may include: based on the first frequency spectrum and second
Frequency spectrum determines the ground interval quality factors of the low velocity layer (LVL), which is the frequency spectrum of the seismic wave of first detector detection,
Second frequency spectrum is the frequency spectrum of the seismic wave of second detector detection, is based on second frequency spectrum and multiple third frequency spectrums, really
Determine the ground interval quality factors of the low velocity layer (LVL) underlying strata, each third frequency spectrum is multiple third detection in multiple third frequency spectrum
The frequency spectrum of the seismic wave of corresponding third detector detection, ground interval quality factors and the low velocity layer (LVL) based on the low velocity layer (LVL) in device
The ground interval quality factors of underlying strata determine the ground interval quality factors of the near surface.
Since the seismic wave is in transmission process, the low velocity layer (LVL) is had passed through, therefore, the first detector and second detection
The frequency spectrum of the seismic wave of device detection is different, i.e., compared with the frequency spectrum of the seismic wave of first detector detection, this second
The spectral decay of the seismic wave of wave detector detection.Therefore, it is based on first frequency spectrum and the second frequency spectrum, that is, can determine the low speed
The ground interval quality factors of layer.
Wherein, it is based on the first frequency spectrum and the second frequency spectrum, determines the specific implementation process of the ground interval quality factors of the low velocity layer (LVL)
It may include: that the ground interval quality factors of the low velocity layer (LVL) are confirmed using spectrum than method based on first frequency spectrum and second frequency spectrum,
In, which may refer to the relevant technologies than the specific implementation process of method, and it is not limited in the embodiment of the present invention.
It should be noted that in embodiments of the present invention, it is above-mentioned to be based on first frequency spectrum and second frequency spectrum, determine that this is low
The implementation of the ground interval quality factors of fast layer is merely exemplary, and in another embodiment, can also pass through other methods, base
In first frequency spectrum and second frequency spectrum, the ground interval quality factors of the low velocity layer (LVL) are determined, for example, other methods may include:
Wavelet simulation, spectrum analog method, matching technique, amplitude damped method, Rise time and analytic signal method etc., the present invention are real
Example is applied not limit this.
Wherein, it is based on second frequency spectrum and multiple third frequency spectrums, determines the ground interval quality factors of the low velocity layer (LVL) underlying strata
Specific implementation process may include: to determine the ground between every two frequency spectrum from second frequency spectrum and multiple third frequency spectrum
Interval quality factors obtain multiple ground interval quality factors, and it is low that the average value of obtained multiple ground interval quality factors is determined as this
The ground interval quality factors of fast layer underlying strata.
Specifically, please continue to refer to Fig. 2 B, during actual measurement, the distance that seismic wave passes through low velocity layer (LVL) can be approximate
Regard equal as, that is to say, in embodiments of the present invention, the seismic wave that the wave detector on the 2 to the 10th detects
It can be regarded as in the attenuation degree of low velocity layer (LVL) equal.But the distance that seismic wave passes through low velocity layer (LVL) underlying strata is different, i.e.,
The seismic wave that wave detector on 2 to the 10th detects is different in the attenuation degree of low velocity layer (LVL) underlying strata.Wherein, root
According to the wave detector on the wave detector and the 3rd on the 2nd, can determine the stratum quality of a low velocity layer (LVL) underlying strata because
Son, also, according to the wave detector on the wave detector and the 4th on the 2nd, and can determine a low velocity layer (LVL) underlying strata
Ground interval quality factors from second frequency spectrum and multiple third frequency spectrum, determine every two frequency spectrum in embodiments of the present invention
Between ground interval quality factors, obtain multiple ground interval quality factors, the average value of obtained multiple ground interval quality factors is true
It is set to the ground interval quality factors of the low velocity layer (LVL) underlying strata.
Wherein, from second frequency spectrum and multiple third frequency spectrum, the ground interval quality factors between every two frequency spectrum are determined
Specific implementation process, may refer to it is above-mentioned be based on the first frequency spectrum and the second frequency spectrum, determine the ground interval quality factors of the low velocity layer (LVL)
Specific implementation process, be not detailed herein.Wherein, in one possible implementation, it please refers to shown in Fig. 2 D, it should
21,22 and 23 be respectively the corresponding determining third frequency spectrum of per pass third detector on the 3rd, the 6th and the 10th.
Above by the stratum quality that the average value of multiple ground interval quality factors is determined as to the low velocity layer (LVL) underlying strata
The factor improves the accuracy for determining the ground interval quality factors of the near surface.
In addition, it is necessary to which explanation is in embodiments of the present invention only with by the average value of multiple ground interval quality factors
It is determined as being illustrated for the ground interval quality factors of the low velocity layer (LVL) underlying strata, in another embodiment, it can also be passed through
Its mode determines the ground interval quality factors of the low velocity layer (LVL) underlying strata, for example, it is also possible to from above-mentioned second frequency spectrum and above-mentioned multiple
In third frequency spectrum, the biggish twice frequency spectrum of waveform variation is selected, and be based on the selected twice frequency spectrum, it is low to be determined as this
The ground interval quality factors etc. of fast layer underlying strata, it is not limited in the embodiment of the present invention.Wherein, the selected twice are based on
Frequency spectrum is determined as the specific implementation process of the ground interval quality factors of the low velocity layer (LVL) underlying strata, may refer to above-mentioned be based on first
Frequency spectrum and the second frequency spectrum determine the specific implementation process of the ground interval quality factors of the low velocity layer (LVL), are also not described in detail here.
Wherein, the ground interval quality factors of the ground interval quality factors based on the low velocity layer (LVL) and the low velocity layer (LVL) underlying strata determine
The specific implementation process of the ground interval quality factors of the near surface may include: by specifying formula, the stratum based on the low velocity layer (LVL)
The ground interval quality factors of quality factor and the low velocity layer (LVL) underlying strata determine the ground interval quality factors of the near surface, wherein this refers to
Determine formula are as follows:
Wherein, which is the ground interval quality factors of the near surface, the Q1For the ground interval quality factors of the low velocity layer (LVL), the Q2For this
The ground interval quality factors of low velocity layer (LVL) underlying strata, the t1For propagation time of the seismic wave in the low velocity layer (LVL), the t2For the earthquake
Propagation time of the wave in the low velocity layer (LVL) underlying strata, and the t1With the t2It is to measure to obtain in advance by micro logging technology.
As it was noted above, can determine the seismic wave in the low velocity layer (LVL) by micro logging technology when carrying out seismic prospecting
In propagation time in the low velocity layer (LVL) underlying strata of propagation time and the seismic wave, therefore, when the low velocity layer (LVL) has been determined
Ground interval quality factors and the low velocity layer (LVL) underlying strata ground interval quality factors after, it can specify formula to determine the volt by this
The ground interval quality factors on stratum.
It should be noted that in the embodiment of the present invention, by above-mentioned specified formula, the stratum quality based on the low velocity layer (LVL) because
Son and the low velocity layer (LVL) underlying strata ground interval quality factors, determine the ground interval quality factors of near surface be only it is exemplary, another
, can also be by other formula in embodiment, the ground of ground interval quality factors and the low velocity layer (LVL) underlying strata based on the low velocity layer (LVL)
Interval quality factors determine the ground interval quality factors of near surface, and it is not limited in the embodiment of the present invention.
In embodiments of the present invention, it is excited, is produced greater than the excitation point in the shaft bottom of the excitation well of low velocity layer (LVL) by being set to depth
After Radix Rehmanniae seismic wave, the frequency spectrum of the seismic wave of first detector and second detector detection is determined respectively, wherein first detection
Device and the second detector are respectively arranged at shaft bottom and the well head of the received well apart from the first pre-determined distance of the excitation well, in addition,
Further determine that the seismic wave for the multiple third detectors detection being arranged on the excitation well and the received well position line
Frequency spectrum, later, based on the first detector, the second detector and multiple third detector detection the seismic wave frequency
Spectrum, that is, can determine the ground interval quality factors of near surface, since the depth of the received well is less than the weathering layer thickness, avoid
Interference caused by strong reflection of the low velocity layer (LVL) bottom interface to seismic wave improves the accuracy of wave detector detection seismic wave, from
And improve the accuracy for determining the ground interval quality factors of the near surface.
Fig. 3 is that a kind of structure of with measuring near surface device of interval quality factors shown according to an exemplary embodiment is shown
Be intended to, the measurement near surface the devices of interval quality factors being implemented in combination with by software, hardware or both.The measurement is close
Earth's surface the devices of interval quality factors may include:
First determining module 310, the frequency spectrum of the seismic wave for determining first detector and second detector detection respectively,
The first detector and the second detector are respectively arranged at shaft bottom and the well head of received well, and the seismic wave is by being set to excitation well
Shaft bottom excitation point excitation, the depth of the excitation well is greater than weathering layer thickness, and the depth of the received well is less than the low speed thickness
Degree, and at a distance of the first pre-determined distance between the received well and the excitation well；
Second determining module 320, the frequency spectrum of the seismic wave for determining multiple third detector detections, wherein at this
It is provided with multiple third detector on excitation well and the received well position line, and between multiple third detector
Distance is the second pre-determined distance；
Third determining module 330, for being based on the first detector, the second detector and multiple third detector
The frequency spectrum of the seismic wave detected respectively determines the ground interval quality factors of near surface.
Optionally, which includes:
First determination unit determines the ground interval quality factors of the low velocity layer (LVL), is somebody's turn to do for being based on the first frequency spectrum and the second frequency spectrum
First frequency spectrum is the frequency spectrum of the seismic wave of first detector detection, which is the ground of second detector detection
The frequency spectrum of seismic wave；
Second determination unit determines the low velocity layer (LVL) underlying strata for being based on second frequency spectrum and multiple third frequency spectrums
Ground interval quality factors, each third frequency spectrum is corresponding third detector in multiple third detector in multiple third frequency spectrum
The frequency spectrum of the seismic wave of detection；
Third determination unit, the ground interval quality factors of the low velocity layer (LVL) for being determined based on first determination unit and this
The ground interval quality factors for the low velocity layer (LVL) underlying strata that two determination units determine, determine the ground interval quality factors of the near surface.
Optionally, which is used for:
By specifying formula, the stratum quality of ground interval quality factors based on the low velocity layer (LVL) and the low velocity layer (LVL) underlying strata because
Son determines the ground interval quality factors of the near surface；
The specified formula are as follows:
Wherein, which is the ground interval quality factors of the near surface, the Q1For the ground interval quality factors of the low velocity layer (LVL), the Q2For this
The ground interval quality factors of low velocity layer (LVL) underlying strata, the t1For propagation time of the seismic wave in the low velocity layer (LVL), the t2For the earthquake
Propagation time of the wave in the low velocity layer (LVL) underlying strata, and the t1With the t2It is to measure to obtain in advance by micro logging technology.
Optionally, which is used for:
From second frequency spectrum and multiple third frequency spectrum, determines the ground interval quality factors between every two frequency spectrum, obtain
Multiple ground interval quality factors；
By the average value of obtained multiple ground interval quality factors be determined as the stratum quality of the low velocity layer (LVL) underlying strata because
Son.
Optionally, which is used for:
Based on first frequency spectrum and second frequency spectrum, the ground interval quality factors of the low velocity layer (LVL) are determined than method by composing.
In embodiments of the present invention, it is excited, is produced greater than the excitation point in the shaft bottom of the excitation well of low velocity layer (LVL) by being set to depth
After Radix Rehmanniae seismic wave, the frequency spectrum of the seismic wave of first detector and second detector detection is determined respectively, wherein first detection
Device and the second detector are respectively arranged at shaft bottom and the well head of the received well apart from the first pre-determined distance of the excitation well, in addition,
Further determine that the seismic wave for the multiple third detectors detection being arranged on the excitation well and the received well position line
Frequency spectrum, later, based on the first detector, the second detector and multiple third detector detection the seismic wave frequency
Spectrum, that is, can determine the ground interval quality factors of near surface, since the depth of the received well is less than the weathering layer thickness, avoid
Interference caused by strong reflection of the low velocity layer (LVL) bottom interface to seismic wave improves the accuracy of wave detector detection seismic wave, from
And improve the accuracy for determining the ground interval quality factors of the near surface.
It should be understood that the device of with measuring near surface interval quality factors provided by the above embodiment is realizing that measurement is close
Earth's surface the method for interval quality factors when, only the example of the division of the above functional modules, can be in practical application
Above-mentioned function distribution is completed by different functional modules as needed, i.e., the internal structure of equipment is divided into different function
Energy module, to complete all or part of the functions described above.In addition, measurement near surface stratum provided by the above embodiment product
The device of prime factor and the embodiment of the method for with measuring near surface interval quality factors belong to same design, and specific implementation process is detailed
See embodiment of the method, which is not described herein again.
Those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that realizing that all or part of the steps of above-described embodiment can pass through hardware
It completes, relevant hardware can also be instructed to complete by program, the program can store in a kind of computer-readable
In storage medium, storage medium mentioned above can be read-only memory, disk or CD etc..
The foregoing is merely presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, is not intended to limit the invention, it is all in spirit of the invention and
Within principle, any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and so on be should all be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of method of with measuring near surface interval quality factors, which is characterized in that the described method includes:
The frequency spectrum of the seismic wave of first detector and second detector detection, the first detector and described second are determined respectively
Wave detector is respectively arranged at shaft bottom and the well head of received well, and the seismic wave is swashed by the excitation point for being set to the shaft bottom of excitation well
Hair, the depth of the excitation well are greater than weathering layer thickness, and the depth of the received well is less than the weathering layer thickness, and described connect
It receives between well and the excitation well at a distance of the first pre-determined distance；
Determine the frequency spectrum of the seismic wave of multiple third detector detections, wherein in the excitation well and received well institute
The multiple third detector is provided on the line of position, and the distance between the multiple third detector is second default
Distance；
Based on the first frequency spectrum and the second frequency spectrum, determine that the ground interval quality factors of low velocity layer (LVL), first frequency spectrum are first inspection
The frequency spectrum of the seismic wave of wave device detection, second frequency spectrum are the frequency of the seismic wave of second detector detection
Spectrum；
Based on second frequency spectrum and multiple third frequency spectrums, the ground interval quality factors of low velocity layer (LVL) underlying strata are determined, it is the multiple
Each third frequency spectrum is the seismic wave of corresponding third detector detection in the multiple third detector in third frequency spectrum
Frequency spectrum；
By specifying formula, the stratum qualities of ground interval quality factors and the low velocity layer (LVL) underlying strata based on the low velocity layer (LVL) because
Son determines the ground interval quality factors of the near surface；
The specified formula are as follows:
Wherein, the Q is the ground interval quality factors of the near surface, the Q1It is described for the ground interval quality factors of the low velocity layer (LVL)
Q2For the ground interval quality factors of the low velocity layer (LVL) underlying strata, the t1When the propagation for being the seismic wave in the low velocity layer (LVL)
Between, the t2For propagation time of the seismic wave in the low velocity layer (LVL) underlying strata, and the t1With the t2It is by micro-
Logging technique measures obtain in advance.
2. the method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that it is described to be based on second frequency spectrum and multiple third frequency spectrums, really
The ground interval quality factors of the fixed low velocity layer (LVL) underlying strata, comprising:
From second frequency spectrum and the multiple third frequency spectrum, determines the ground interval quality factors between every two frequency spectrum, obtain
Multiple ground interval quality factors；
The average value of obtained multiple ground interval quality factors is determined as to the ground interval quality factors of the low velocity layer (LVL) underlying strata.
3. the method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that it is described to be based on the first frequency spectrum and the second frequency spectrum, it determines described low
The ground interval quality factors of fast layer, comprising:
Based on first frequency spectrum and second frequency spectrum, the ground interval quality factors of the low velocity layer (LVL) are determined than method by composing.
4. a kind of measurement near surface interval quality factors device, which is characterized in that described device includes:
First determining module, the frequency spectrum of the seismic wave for determining first detector and second detector detection respectively, described the
One wave detector and the second detector are respectively arranged at shaft bottom and the well head of received well, and the seismic wave is by being set to excitation well
Shaft bottom excitation point excitation, the depth of the excitation well is greater than weathering layer thickness, and the depth of the received well is less than described low
Fast thickness degree, and at a distance of the first pre-determined distance between the received well and the excitation well；
Second determining module, the frequency spectrum of the seismic wave for determining multiple third detector detections, wherein in the excitation
It is provided with the multiple third detector on well and received well position line, and between the multiple third detector
Distance be the second pre-determined distance；
Third determining module, comprising:
First determination unit determines the ground interval quality factors of low velocity layer (LVL) for being based on the first frequency spectrum and the second frequency spectrum, described first
Frequency spectrum is the frequency spectrum of the seismic wave of first detector detection, and second frequency spectrum is second detector detection
The frequency spectrum of the seismic wave；
Second determination unit determines the stratum of low velocity layer (LVL) underlying strata for being based on second frequency spectrum and multiple third frequency spectrums
Quality factor, each third frequency spectrum is corresponding third detector in the multiple third detector in the multiple third frequency spectrum
The frequency spectrum of the seismic wave of detection；
Third determination unit is used for through specified formula, under ground interval quality factors and the low velocity layer (LVL) based on the low velocity layer (LVL)
It throws oneself on the ground the ground interval quality factors of layer, determines the ground interval quality factors of the near surface；
The specified formula are as follows:
Wherein, the Q is the ground interval quality factors of the near surface, the Q1It is described for the ground interval quality factors of the low velocity layer (LVL)
Q2For the ground interval quality factors of the low velocity layer (LVL) underlying strata, the t1When the propagation for being the seismic wave in the low velocity layer (LVL)
Between, the t2For propagation time of the seismic wave in the low velocity layer (LVL) underlying strata, and the t1With the t2It is by micro-
Logging technique measures obtain in advance.
5. device as claimed in claim 4, which is characterized in that second determination unit is used for:
From second frequency spectrum and the multiple third frequency spectrum, determines the ground interval quality factors between every two frequency spectrum, obtain
Multiple ground interval quality factors；
The average value of obtained multiple ground interval quality factors is determined as to the ground interval quality factors of the low velocity layer (LVL) underlying strata.
6. device as claimed in claim 4, which is characterized in that first determination unit is used for:
Based on first frequency spectrum and second frequency spectrum, the ground interval quality factors of the low velocity layer (LVL) are determined than method by composing.
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| CN108387933B (en) * | 2018-02-01 | 2019-10-11 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Method, device and system for determining formation quality factor |
| CN109100786B (en) * | 2018-06-21 | 2020-09-08 | 中国石油天然气集团有限公司 | Method and device for determining quality factor of depth domain |
| CN110824564A (en) * | 2018-08-08 | 2020-02-21 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Attenuation curve chromatographic stripping method for near-surface quality factor Q value inversion |
| CN110261904B (en) * | 2019-06-27 | 2021-07-20 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Near-surface Q value inversion and classification evaluation method based on generalized S transformation |
| CN113325466B (en) * | 2020-02-28 | 2023-06-30 | 中国石油天然气集团有限公司 | Absorption compensation method and device for near-surface quality factors |
| CN112415599A (en) * | 2020-11-02 | 2021-02-26 | 中国石油天然气集团有限公司 | Quality factor determination method and device for near-surface medium |
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