CN114107409A - Method for processing rice bran meal and product - Google Patents
Method for processing rice bran meal and product Download PDFInfo
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- CN114107409A CN114107409A CN202111408567.9A CN202111408567A CN114107409A CN 114107409 A CN114107409 A CN 114107409A CN 202111408567 A CN202111408567 A CN 202111408567A CN 114107409 A CN114107409 A CN 114107409A
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- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 115
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 115
- 235000012054 meals Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 78
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 title claims description 6
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 title 1
- 241000209094 Oryza Species 0.000 claims abstract description 114
- 150000004676 glycans Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 229920001282 polysaccharide Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 239000005017 polysaccharide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 108090000765 processed proteins & peptides Proteins 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- WPEXVRDUEAJUGY-UHFFFAOYSA-B hexacalcium;(2,3,4,5,6-pentaphosphonatooxycyclohexyl) phosphate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])(=O)OC1C(OP([O-])([O-])=O)C(OP([O-])([O-])=O)C(OP([O-])([O-])=O)C(OP([O-])([O-])=O)C1OP([O-])([O-])=O WPEXVRDUEAJUGY-UHFFFAOYSA-B 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000012043 crude product Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000006228 supernatant Substances 0.000 claims description 60
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 43
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 235000019441 ethanol Nutrition 0.000 claims description 16
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 claims description 10
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 claims description 10
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 108091005658 Basic proteases Proteins 0.000 claims description 5
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910001861 calcium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
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- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001291 vacuum drying Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 claims description 2
- IMQLKJBTEOYOSI-GPIVLXJGSA-N Inositol-hexakisphosphate Chemical compound OP(O)(=O)O[C@H]1[C@H](OP(O)(O)=O)[C@@H](OP(O)(O)=O)[C@H](OP(O)(O)=O)[C@H](OP(O)(O)=O)[C@@H]1OP(O)(O)=O IMQLKJBTEOYOSI-GPIVLXJGSA-N 0.000 abstract description 28
- 235000002949 phytic acid Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 28
- IMQLKJBTEOYOSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phytic acid Natural products OP(O)(=O)OC1C(OP(O)(O)=O)C(OP(O)(O)=O)C(OP(O)(O)=O)C(OP(O)(O)=O)C1OP(O)(O)=O IMQLKJBTEOYOSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 25
- 229940068041 phytic acid Drugs 0.000 abstract description 25
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- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 11
- 102000004196 processed proteins & peptides Human genes 0.000 description 10
- 229940088598 enzyme Drugs 0.000 description 9
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- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 6
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 6
- 108010011619 6-Phytase Proteins 0.000 description 4
- 241000186000 Bifidobacterium Species 0.000 description 4
- 241000186660 Lactobacillus Species 0.000 description 4
- 241000194020 Streptococcus thermophilus Species 0.000 description 4
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 4
- 235000013325 dietary fiber Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 229940039696 lactobacillus Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 229940085127 phytase Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005119 centrifugation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000282887 Suidae Species 0.000 description 2
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000002604 ultrasonography Methods 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010028980 Neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 244000046052 Phaseolus vulgaris Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000010627 Phaseolus vulgaris Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000019764 Soybean Meal Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000844 anti-bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000840 anti-viral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006907 apoptotic process Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 210000004369 blood Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 201000011510 cancer Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000022131 cell cycle Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 210000004913 chyme Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 230000036039 immunity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001727 in vivo Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000000936 intestine Anatomy 0.000 description 1
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- 244000144972 livestock Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000010197 meta-analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004060 metabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000021238 nutrient digestion Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- 238000000643 oven drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 244000144977 poultry Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 239000004455 soybean meal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
- C12P19/00—Preparation of compounds containing saccharide radicals
- C12P19/04—Polysaccharides, i.e. compounds containing more than five saccharide radicals attached to each other by glycosidic bonds
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/16—Addition of microorganisms or extracts thereof, e.g. single-cell proteins, to feeding-stuff compositions
- A23K10/18—Addition of microorganisms or extracts thereof, e.g. single-cell proteins, to feeding-stuff compositions of live microorganisms
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
- A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/105—Aliphatic or alicyclic compounds
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/142—Amino acids; Derivatives thereof
- A23K20/147—Polymeric derivatives, e.g. peptides or proteins
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/163—Sugars; Polysaccharides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F9/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 5 or 15 of the Periodic System
- C07F9/02—Phosphorus compounds
- C07F9/06—Phosphorus compounds without P—C bonds
- C07F9/08—Esters of oxyacids of phosphorus
- C07F9/09—Esters of phosphoric acids
- C07F9/117—Esters of phosphoric acids with cycloaliphatic alcohols
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K1/00—General methods for the preparation of peptides, i.e. processes for the organic chemical preparation of peptides or proteins of any length
- C07K1/14—Extraction; Separation; Purification
- C07K1/145—Extraction; Separation; Purification by extraction or solubilisation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K1/00—General methods for the preparation of peptides, i.e. processes for the organic chemical preparation of peptides or proteins of any length
- C07K1/14—Extraction; Separation; Purification
- C07K1/30—Extraction; Separation; Purification by precipitation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
- C12P21/00—Preparation of peptides or proteins
- C12P21/06—Preparation of peptides or proteins produced by the hydrolysis of a peptide bond, e.g. hydrolysate products
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for treating rice bran meal and a product, which reduce the content of antinutritional factors in the rice bran meal by extracting phytic acid and soluble non-starch polysaccharide, and simultaneously prepare a crude product of calcium phytate, a feeding microecological regulator, rice bran polysaccharide and rice bran protein peptide. The invention has the following beneficial effects: the process produces various high-value-added products while producing the low-anti-nutritional factor rice bran meal by comprehensively utilizing the rice bran meal, does not discharge any waste in the whole process, and really realizes green, safe and high-value application production of the rice bran meal.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a deep processing and comprehensive utilization process of rice bran meal, in particular to a method for producing low anti-nutritional factor rice bran meal by extracting phytic acid and soluble non-starch polysaccharide.
Background
In order to adapt to the new trend of the convergence of the supply and demand of bulk feed raw materials, improve the utilization efficiency of the raw materials, construct a novel daily ration formula structure based on the national conditions, accelerate the reduction and substitution of corn and soybean meal, and develop unconventional feed resources, the development of the unconventional feed resources has become a hotspot of the current research. The rice bran meal is a byproduct of rice processing, has rich resources and low price, contains higher nutrient components, and can be used as one of the raw materials for reducing and replacing the corn bean meal. However, the rice bran meal contains high content of anti-nutritional factors such as non-starch polysaccharide and phytic acid, and the whole nutrient digestion of the feed is affected by high dosage, so that the production performance of livestock and poultry is reduced, and the proportion is limited during application.
The phytic acid is an important anti-nutritional factor in the rice bran meal, and the proportion is as high as about 7%. The phytic acid is stable in chemical property and difficult to damage by physical treatment methods such as heating, and no corresponding enzyme system can digest and degrade in the animal body. At present, phytase is mainly added into feed to degrade phytic acid in animals, and the phytase is widely applied. However, the effect of the enzyme preparation in vivo can only be reversely evaluated by the performance of the productivity of the feeding test. A meta-analysis by Rosenfelder-Kuon et al, 2020, showed that with the addition of phytase, the average phosphorus digestibility of pigs stabilized at 65%, although the recovery of phytic acid was low in the faeces of pigs. Another study (2020) by the authors also showed that the phosphorus digestibility of the porcine whole intestine did not exceed 60% with high levels of phytase addition. Therefore, there is a need to find new ways to reduce the anti-nutritional properties of phytic acid.
The non-starch polysaccharide is another important anti-nutritional factor in the rice bran meal and is divided into soluble non-starch polysaccharide and insoluble non-starch polysaccharide according to solubility. Wherein the soluble non-starch polysaccharide is rice bran polysaccharide with good functional characteristics in the food field. At present, a great deal of scientific research at home and abroad proves various biological activities of the rice bran polysaccharide, such as apoptosis and cell cycle retardation on various cancer cells; antibacterial, antiviral, and immunity regulating effects; reducing blood sugar and regulating sugar metabolism; radiation resistance, liver protection and the like. However, in the case of feeds, they have adverse effects such as increasing the viscosity of chyme and increasing the value of harmful bacteria, and thus they are anti-nutritional factors.
In the prior art, the comprehensive utilization of the anti-nutritional factors in the rice bran meal for the purpose of removing the anti-nutritional factors is not reported. The invention prepares the low anti-nutritional factor rice bran meal by extracting phytic acid and soluble non-starch polysaccharide in the rice bran meal, and simultaneously prepares various products such as crude calcium phytate, liquid feeding microecological regulator, rice bran polysaccharide, rice bran protein peptide and the like, thereby realizing the conversion and value increase of the rice bran meal.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to comprehensively utilize rice bran meal, give consideration to the requirements of food and feed fields, provide a method for producing the rice bran meal with low anti-nutritional factors, realize full utilization of resources to the maximum extent, have low process energy consumption, are green and safe, accord with the development strategy of grain saving and emission reduction in China at present, and simultaneously accord with the development idea of prolonging the industrial chain of byproduct processing and driving comprehensive benefits of the byproducts to be improved.
The technical scheme of the invention comprises the following steps:
(1) acid leaching: adding water into the rice bran meal according to the solid-liquid mass ratio of 1 (3-5) for blending, then adjusting the pH of the feed liquid to 3.6-3.9 by using 2-6 mol/L hydrochloric acid, and soaking for 50-70 min;
(2) centrifuging: centrifuging the acid leaching solution at the revolution of 4000-5000 r/min for 5-10 min, collecting supernatant A, and allowing residues to enter the next step;
(3) slag washing: and adding water with the mass 1-2 times of that of the rice bran meal into the residues, uniformly stirring, centrifuging at the revolution of 4000-5000 r/min for 5-10 min, and mixing the supernatant with the A. Washing the slag once according to the step, enabling the supernatant mixed solution A to enter the next step, and enabling the slag to enter the step (6);
(4) adjusting the pH of the supernatant mixed solution A to 4.0-4.5 by using 8-12% by mass of calcium hydroxide, adjusting the pH to 7.5-7.6 by using 8-12% by mass of sodium hydroxide, standing for 1-2 h, centrifuging for 8-12 min at the revolution of 4000-5000 r/min to obtain a supernatant B, and drying the precipitate at 75-85 ℃ to obtain a crude product of calcium phytate;
(5) fermentation: sterilizing the supernatant B at 110-121 ℃ for 10-20 min, adding EM (effective microorganisms) with the mass of 2-4% of that of the rice bran meal after the temperature is reduced to room temperature, sealing, and fermenting at room temperature for 3-5 d to obtain a liquid feeding microecological regulator;
(6) and (3) soluble non-starch polysaccharide extraction: transferring the residue obtained in the step (3) into hydraulic oscillation equipment, adding water which is 10-15 times of the mass of the rice bran meal, uniformly stirring, adjusting the pH value of the feed liquid to 7.5-8.0 by using sodium hydroxide, adding alkaline protease (the enzyme activity is more than or equal to 100U/mg) which is 1-2% of the mass of the rice bran meal, and oscillating and extracting for 10-20 min;
(7) centrifuging: centrifuging the oscillation liquid at the revolution of 4000-5000 r/min for 10-20 min to obtain supernatant C, and drying residues at 70-80 ℃ to obtain low-anti-nutritional factor rice bran meal;
(8) concentration: concentrating the supernatant C under reduced pressure at 75-85 ℃ under the pressure of-0.09 MPa to-0.1 MPa, wherein the ratio of the volume of the concentrated solution to the volume of the supernatant C is 1:8 to 1: 10;
(9) alcohol precipitation: adding absolute ethyl alcohol into the concentrated solution to ensure that the final volume concentration of the ethyl alcohol is within the range of 50-70%, and refrigerating for 12-16 h at the temperature of 2-6 ℃;
(10) centrifuging: centrifuging the refrigerated polysaccharide alcohol precipitation liquid, wherein the revolution is 4000-5000 r/min, the centrifuging time is 10-15 min, obtaining a supernatant D, and drying the precipitate at 65-75 ℃ to obtain rice bran polysaccharide;
(11) and (3) recovering ethanol: and (3) concentrating the supernatant D under reduced pressure at 50-60 ℃ under the pressure of-0.09-0.1 MPa, and after the ethanol is completely recovered, drying the concentrated solution under vacuum at 55-65 ℃ under the pressure of-0.09-0.1 MPa to obtain the rice bran protein peptide.
Due to the careful design of the process by the inventor, the steps are closely connected and are linked in a ring-to-ring manner, so that the safe and green comprehensive development and utilization of the rice bran meal are realized. The method has the advantages that phytic acid and chelated metal ions thereof in the rice bran meal are extracted by adopting an acid leaching method, so that the ash content of subsequently extracted rice bran polysaccharide is reduced from more than 20% to less than 2%, and the purity of the polysaccharide is improved; in addition, the content of protein in the rice bran polysaccharide can be reduced from more than 25% to less than 10% by combining the hydraulic oscillation with the enzyme extraction, the purity of the polysaccharide is further improved, the production of the high-purity rice bran polysaccharide can be realized only by the comprehensive utilization of the rice bran meal, and the production cost is greatly saved. The invention also has the advantages that the protein separated from the rice bran polysaccharide mainly exists in the form of peptide, so that a protein peptide product can be formed, and the conversion value-added benefit is further improved.
The order of acid leaching and soluble non-starch polysaccharide extraction cannot be changed, otherwise the subsequent preparation of polysaccharide products with too high ash content will reduce the purity of the polysaccharide.
Further, the pH range of acid leaching in the step (1) is 3.6-3.9, and below the pH range, the phytic acid residual quantity in the subsequently prepared low anti-nutritional factor rice bran meal is more than 0.4%, and the phytic acid is not completely removed.
Further, in the step (4), the yield of calcium phytate is 13-16%, and the yield of phytic acid is more than 80%.
Further, in the step (5), after fermentation, the pH of the supernatant B is reduced from 7.5-7.6 to 3.8-4.2, and the content of beneficial bacteria comprises lactobacillus: 4.0 to 8.3 x 107CFU/g, Streptococcus thermophilus: 1.2 to 3.5 x 107CFU/g, Bifidobacterium: 1.4 to 3.9 x 107CFU/g. Can be used as liquid feeding microecological regulator to be added into feed for direct feeding.
Further, in the step (7), the phytic acid content of the low anti-nutritional factor rice bran meal (calculated on a dry basis) is less than 0.1%, the content of soluble non-starch polysaccharide is less than 0.7%, the fiber content is 60-62%, the starch content is 18-22%, and the protein content is 15-19%.
Further, in the step (10), the yield of the rice bran polysaccharide is 6-8%, and the purity of the rice bran polysaccharide is more than 70%.
Further, in the step (11), the yield of the rice bran protein peptide is 7-9%, the protein content is more than 80%, and the ratio of small peptides below 1000Da is more than 30%.
While the above process is carried out, the principle of the hydraulic oscillation is similar to cavitation of ultrasound, but since the industrial use of ultrasound is limited, we have found an alternative technique, the advantages of which are as follows: 1. can be directly produced in an enlarged way; 2. the treatment time is short, and the polysaccharide extraction rate is reduced by 0.4-1% when the treatment time exceeds 25min, so that the oscillation time is controlled within 25 min; 3. the purity of the polysaccharide can be improved by more than 30% by the technology and the use of enzyme.
In conclusion, the invention has the advantages that the content of the anti-nutritional factors in the rice bran meal is reduced, and simultaneously four high value-added products of calcium phytate, rice bran protein peptide, rice bran polysaccharide and the liquid feeding microecological regulator are obtained. Firstly, the acid leaching process of the invention reduces about 12% of ash content in the rice bran meal to below 2%, reduces about 7% of phytic acid to below 0.1%, and also reduces the ash content of the subsequently extracted rice bran polysaccharide from above 20% to below 2%; secondly, the invention makes full use of the supernatant after the calcium phytate is precipitated. The part of clear liquid contains sugar about 10% of the mass of the rice bran meal and soluble protein about 8% of the total protein of the rice bran meal, and because acid-base neutralization also contains a part of salt, the salt is directly discharged to pollute the environment, and the part of clear liquid is used as a liquid microecological regulator for feeding by a fermentation technology, and a fermentation product with rich beneficial bacteria can be obtained without additionally adding carbon and nitrogen sources; thirdly, a rice bran protein peptide product with high purity and high small peptide content is obtained by hydraulic oscillation and enzyme treatment; finally, the low anti-nutritional factor rice bran meal obtained by the invention eliminates the anti-nutritional effect of the rice bran meal, retains most dietary fibers in the rice bran meal, has a good health care function, and can be widely added into feeds. The invention not only makes full and effective use of various nutrition and health care components in the rice bran meal, but also has short production period, high extraction rate, cost and energy saving, simple operation and no waste discharge, and realizes high-value application production of the rice bran meal.
Detailed Description
The following examples are intended to illustrate the invention without further limiting it.
Example 1
Adding water into rice bran meal according to the solid-liquid mass ratio of 1:3 for batching, then adjusting the pH of feed liquid to 3.6 by using 2mol/L hydrochloric acid, soaking for 50min, centrifuging at the revolution of 4000r/min for 5min, and collecting supernatant A;
slag washing: adding water 1 time the weight of the rice bran meal into the residue, stirring uniformly, centrifuging at the revolution of 4000r/min for 5min, and mixing the supernatant with A. And (3) washing slag once again according to the steps, adjusting the pH of the supernatant mixed solution A to 4.0 by using calcium hydroxide with the mass fraction of 8%, adjusting the pH to 7.5 by using sodium hydroxide with the mass fraction of 8%, standing for 1h, centrifuging at the revolution number of 4000r/min for 8min to obtain a supernatant B, and drying the precipitate at the temperature of 75 ℃ to obtain a crude product of calcium phytate. The determination shows that the yield of the calcium phytate is 13.2 percent and the phosphorus content is 8.5 percent.
Yield of phytic acid: the total phosphorus content of the rice bran meal in the batch is 1.55 percent, the phytate phosphorus content is 1.39 percent, and the yield of the phytic acid is 80.7 percent.
And (3) sterilizing the supernatant B obtained after the calcium phytate is precipitated at 121 ℃ for 10min, adding EM (10 g/branch of Bai Yi BAO EM strain, Bai Yi BAO biotechnological Limited in Zhengzhou) with the mass of 2% of the rice bran meal after the temperature is reduced to the room temperature, sealing, and fermenting at the room temperature for 5d to obtain the liquid microecological regulator for the feed.
The pH of the microecological regulator is 4.2, and the beneficial bacteria content comprises lactobacillus: 4.0X 107CFU/g, Streptococcus thermophilus: 1.2X 107CFU/g, Bifidobacterium: 1.4X 107CFU/g. Can be used as liquid feeding microecological regulator to be added into feed for direct feeding.
Transferring the residue obtained by centrifugation after acid leaching into a hydraulic oscillation device (China-Co., North Union (Liaoning) environmental science and technology Co., Ltd.), adding water with the mass 10 times of that of the rice bran meal, stirring uniformly, adjusting the pH of the feed liquid to 7.5 by using sodium hydroxide, adding alkaline protease (enzyme activity: 100U/mg) with the mass 1% of the rice bran meal, oscillating and extracting for 10min, centrifuging at the revolution of 4000r/min for 10min to obtain supernatant C, and drying the residue at 70 ℃ to obtain the low-anti-nutritional factor rice bran meal.
Through determination, the phytic acid content of the low anti-nutritional factor rice bran meal (calculated by dry basis) is 0.08%, the soluble non-starch polysaccharide content is 0.63%, the insoluble dietary fiber content is 60.2%, the starch content is 18.4%, the protein content is 18.7%, the fat content is 0.68%, and the ash content is 1.31%.
Concentrating the supernatant C under reduced pressure at-0.09 MPa and 75 deg.C, wherein the ratio of the volume of the concentrated solution to the volume of the supernatant C is 1:8, adding anhydrous ethanol into the concentrated solution to make the final ethanol volume concentration be 50%, refrigerating at 2 deg.C for 12h, centrifuging at 4000r/min for 10min to obtain supernatant D, and precipitating at 65 deg.C and oven drying to obtain testa oryzae polysaccharide.
Through determination, the yield of the rice bran polysaccharide is 6.3%, and the polysaccharide content is 73.4%.
Concentrating the supernatant D under reduced pressure at-0.09 MPa and 50 deg.C, recovering ethanol completely, and vacuum drying at-0.09 MPa and 55 deg.C to obtain rice bran protein peptide.
Through determination, the yield of the rice bran protein peptide is 7.1%, the protein content is 81.7%, and the proportion of small peptides below 1000Da is 36.6%.
The molecular weight distribution of the protein peptides is shown in the following table:
table 1 example 1 molecular weight distribution of rice bran protein peptides
Example 2
Adding water into rice bran meal according to a solid-liquid mass ratio of 1:4 for proportioning, then adjusting the pH of feed liquid to 3.75 by using 4mol/L hydrochloric acid, soaking for 60min, centrifuging at the revolution of 4000r/min for 8min, collecting supernatant A, adding water with the mass of 1.5 times of that of the rice bran meal into residues, stirring uniformly, centrifuging at the revolution of 5000r/min for 8min, and mixing the supernatant with the A. And (3) washing slag once again according to the steps, adjusting the pH of the supernatant mixed solution A to 4.2 by using 10% by mass of calcium hydroxide, adjusting the pH to 7.55 by using 10% by mass of sodium hydroxide, standing for 1.5h, centrifuging for 10min at the revolution number of 4000r/min to obtain a supernatant B, and drying the precipitate at 80 ℃ to obtain a crude product of calcium phytate. The determination shows that the yield of the calcium phytate is 14.6 percent, and the phosphorus content is 8.1 percent.
Yield of phytic acid: the total phosphorus content of the rice bran meal in the batch is 1.55 percent, the phosphorus phytate content is 1.39 percent, and the yield of the phytic acid is 85.1 percent.
Sterilizing the supernatant B obtained after precipitating calcium phytate at 115 deg.C for 15min, cooling to room temperature, adding EM (10 g/count) with 3% of rice bran meal mass (Zhengzhou Baiyibao biotechnologies, Baiyibao EM strain), sealing, and fermenting at room temperature for 4d to obtain liquid microecological regulator for feed.
The pH of the microecological regulator is 4.0, and the beneficial bacteria content comprises lactobacillus: 6.1X 107CFU/g, Streptococcus thermophilus: 2.3X 107CFU/g, Bifidobacterium: 2.5X 107CFU/g. Can be used as liquid feeding microecological regulator to be added into feed for direct feeding.
Transferring the residue obtained by centrifugation after acid leaching into a hydraulic oscillation device (China-Co., North Union (Liaoning) environmental science and technology Co., Ltd.), adding water with the mass of 12 times of that of the rice bran meal, stirring uniformly, adjusting the pH of the feed liquid to 7.8 by using sodium hydroxide, adding alkaline protease (enzyme activity: 200U/mg) with the mass of 1.5% of the rice bran meal, oscillating and extracting for 15min, centrifuging at the revolution of 4000r/min for 15min to obtain supernatant C, and drying the residue at 75 ℃ to obtain the rice bran meal with the low anti-nutritional factor.
Through determination, the phytic acid content of the low anti-nutritional factor rice bran meal (calculated by dry basis) is 0.05 percent, the soluble non-starch polysaccharide content is 0.44 percent, the insoluble dietary fiber content is 61.2 percent, the starch content is 19.5 percent, the protein content is 17.3 percent, the fat content is 0.47 percent, and the ash content is 1.04 percent.
Concentrating the supernatant C under reduced pressure at-0.095 MPa and 80 deg.C, wherein the ratio of the volume of the concentrated solution to the volume of the supernatant C is 1:9, adding anhydrous ethanol into the concentrated solution to make the final ethanol volume concentration 60%, refrigerating at 4 deg.C for 14h, centrifuging at the speed of 5000r/min for 12min to obtain supernatant D, and drying at 70 deg.C to obtain testa oryzae polysaccharide.
Through determination, the yield of the rice bran polysaccharide is 6.9%, and the polysaccharide content is 75.7%.
Concentrating the supernatant D under reduced pressure at-0.095 MPa and 55 deg.C, recovering ethanol, and vacuum drying at-0.095 MPa and 60 deg.C to obtain rice bran protein peptide.
Through determination, the yield of the rice bran protein peptide is 8.2%, the protein content is 84.1%, and the proportion of small peptides below 1000Da is 40.4%.
The molecular weight distribution of the protein peptides is shown in the following table:
table 2 example 2 molecular weight distribution of rice bran protein peptides
Example 3
Adding water into rice bran meal according to a solid-liquid mass ratio of 1:5 for proportioning, then adjusting the pH of feed liquid to 3.9 by using 6mol/L hydrochloric acid, soaking for 70min, centrifuging at the rotation speed of 5000r/min for 10min, collecting supernatant A, adding water with the mass of 2 times of that of the rice bran meal into residues, stirring uniformly, centrifuging at the rotation speed of 5000r/min for 10min, and mixing the supernatant with the A. And (3) washing slag once repeatedly according to the steps, adjusting the pH of the supernatant mixed solution A to 4.5 by using calcium hydroxide with the mass fraction of 12%, adjusting the pH to 7.6 by using sodium hydroxide with the mass fraction of 12%, standing for 2 hours, centrifuging at the revolution of 5000r/min for 12min to obtain a supernatant B, and drying the precipitate at 85 ℃ to obtain a crude product of calcium phytate. The determination shows that the yield of the calcium phytate is 15.8 percent, and the phosphorus content is 7.8 percent.
Yield of phytic acid: the total phosphorus content of the rice bran meal in the batch is 1.55 percent, the phosphorus phytate content is 1.39 percent, and the yield of the phytic acid is 88.7 percent.
Sterilizing the supernatant B obtained after precipitating calcium phytate at 110 deg.C for 20min, cooling to room temperature, adding EM (10 g/per strain, Bai Yi Bao EM of Zheng Bai Yi Bao biotechnology, Inc.) with a mass of 4% of rice bran meal, sealing, and fermenting at room temperature for 3d to obtain liquid microecological regulator for feed.
The pH of the microecological regulator is 3.8, and the beneficial bacteria content comprises lactobacillus: 8.3X 107CFU/g, Streptococcus thermophilus: 3.5X 107CFU/g, Bifidobacterium: 3.9X 107CFU/g. Can be used as liquid feeding microecological regulator to be added into feed for direct feeding.
Transferring the residue obtained by centrifugation after acid leaching into a hydraulic oscillation device (China-Co., North Union (Liaoning) environmental science and technology Co., Ltd.), adding water 15 times of the mass of the rice bran meal, stirring uniformly, adjusting the pH of the feed liquid to 8.0 by using sodium hydroxide, adding alkaline protease (enzyme activity: 200U/mg) 2% of the mass of the rice bran meal, oscillating and extracting for 20min, centrifuging at the revolution of 5000r/min for 20min to obtain supernatant C, and drying the residue at 80 ℃ to obtain the low-anti-nutritional factor rice bran meal.
Through determination, the phytic acid content of the low anti-nutritional factor rice bran meal (calculated by dry basis) is 0.02%, the soluble non-starch polysaccharide content is 0.43%, the insoluble dietary fiber content is 61.4%, the starch content is 21.6%, the protein content is 15.2%, the fat content is 0.41%, and the ash content is 0.94%.
Concentrating the supernatant C under reduced pressure at-0.1 MPa and 85 deg.C, wherein the ratio of the volume of the concentrated solution to the volume of the supernatant C is 1:10, adding anhydrous ethanol into the concentrated solution to make the final ethanol volume concentration 70%, refrigerating at 6 deg.C for 16h, centrifuging at 5000r/min for 15min to obtain supernatant D, and drying at 75 deg.C to obtain testa oryzae polysaccharide.
Through determination, the yield of the rice bran polysaccharide is 7.7%, and the polysaccharide content is 77.2%.
Concentrating the supernatant D under reduced pressure at-0.1 MPa and 60 deg.C, recovering ethanol completely, and vacuum drying the concentrated solution at-0.1 MPa and 65 deg.C to obtain rice bran protein peptide.
Through determination, the yield of the rice bran protein peptide is 8.8%, the protein content is 87.4%, and the proportion of small peptides below 1000Da is 41.2%.
The molecular weight distribution of the protein peptides is shown in the following table:
table 3 example 3 molecular weight distribution of rice bran protein peptides
The invention reduces the content of antinutritional factors in the rice bran meal by extracting phytic acid and soluble non-starch polysaccharide, and simultaneously prepares crude calcium phytate, a liquid feeding microecological regulator, rice bran polysaccharide and rice bran protein peptide. The process produces various high-value-added products while producing the low-anti-nutritional factor rice bran meal by comprehensively utilizing the rice bran meal, does not discharge any waste in the whole process, and really realizes green, safe and high-value application production of the rice bran meal.
Claims (3)
1. A method for processing rice bran meal and a product thereof are characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) acid leaching: adding water into the rice bran meal according to the solid-liquid mass ratio of 1 (3-5) for blending, then adjusting the pH of the feed liquid to 3.6-3.9 by using 2-6 mol/L hydrochloric acid, and soaking for 50-70 min;
(2) centrifuging: centrifuging the acid leaching solution obtained in the step (1) at the revolution of 4000-5000 r/min for 5-10 min, collecting a supernatant A, and allowing residues to enter the next step (3) for operation;
(3) slag washing: adding water with the mass 1-2 times of that of the rice bran meal into the residue obtained in the step (2), uniformly stirring, centrifuging at the revolution of 4000-5000 r/min for 5-10 min, and collecting supernatant; the residue enters the step (6) for operation;
mixing the collected supernatant with the supernatant A to obtain a supernatant mixed solution, and performing the next step (4);
(4) precipitating calcium phytate: adjusting the pH of the supernatant mixed liquor obtained in the step (3) to 4.0-4.5 by using 8-12% by mass of calcium hydroxide, adjusting the pH to 7.5-7.6 by using 8-12% by mass of sodium hydroxide, standing for 1-2 h, centrifuging at the revolution of 4000-5000 r/min for 8-12 min to obtain a supernatant B, and drying the precipitate at 75-85 ℃ to obtain a crude product of calcium phytate;
(5) fermentation: sterilizing the supernatant B obtained in the step (4) at 110-121 ℃ for 10-20 min, adding EM (effective microorganisms) with the mass being 2-4% of that of the rice bran meal after the temperature is reduced to room temperature, sealing, and fermenting at room temperature for 3-5 d to obtain a liquid feeding microecological regulator;
(6) and (3) soluble non-starch polysaccharide extraction: adding water which is 10-15 times of the mass of the rice bran meal into the residue obtained in the step (3), uniformly stirring, adjusting the pH of the feed liquid to 7.5-8.0 by using sodium hydroxide, adding alkaline protease (the enzyme activity is more than or equal to 100U/mg) accounting for 1-2% of the mass of the rice bran meal, and extracting for 10-20 min;
(7) centrifuging: centrifuging the extracting solution obtained in the step (6) at the revolution of 4000-5000 r/min for 10-20 min, collecting supernatant C, performing operation in the next step (8), and drying residues at 70-80 ℃ to obtain low-anti-nutritional-factor rice bran meal;
(8) concentration: concentrating the supernatant C obtained in the step (7) under reduced pressure at-0.09 MPa to-0.1 MPa and at 75-85 ℃ to obtain a concentrated solution; the ratio of the volume of the concentrated solution to the volume of the supernatant C is 1: 8-1: 10;
(9) alcohol precipitation: adding absolute ethyl alcohol into the concentrated solution obtained in the step (8) to enable the final volume concentration of the ethyl alcohol to be within the range of 50-70%, and refrigerating for 12-16 h at the temperature of 2-6 ℃;
(10) centrifuging: centrifuging the refrigerated polysaccharide alcohol precipitation solution at the revolution of 4000-5000 r/min for 10-15 min, collecting supernatant D, and drying the precipitate at 65-75 ℃ to obtain rice bran polysaccharide;
(11) and (3) recovering ethanol: and (3) carrying out reduced pressure concentration on the supernatant D obtained in the step (10) at the temperature of 50-60 ℃ under the pressure of-0.09-0.1 MPa, and after the ethanol is completely recovered, carrying out vacuum drying on the concentrated solution at the temperature of 55-65 ℃ under the pressure of-0.09-0.1 MPa to obtain the rice bran protein peptide.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein:
the slag washing process in the step (3) comprises the following steps:
adding water with the mass 1-2 times of that of the rice bran meal into the residue obtained in the step (2), uniformly stirring, centrifuging at the revolution of 4000-5000 r/min for 5-10 min, and collecting supernatant;
repeatedly washing the residues once according to the process, collecting supernate, and carrying out operation on the residues in the step (6);
and (4) mixing the supernatant collected in the secondary slag washing process with the supernatant A to obtain a supernatant mixed solution, and carrying out the operation in the next step (4).
3. A rice bran meal product obtained by the process of claim 1 or 2, characterized in that:
comprises one or more than two of crude calcium phytate, liquid feeding microecological regulator, low-anti-nutritional factor rice bran meal, rice bran polysaccharide and rice bran protein peptide.
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