CN114085072B - 一种无机石材及制作工艺 - Google Patents

一种无机石材及制作工艺 Download PDF

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CN114085072B
CN114085072B CN202011458513.9A CN202011458513A CN114085072B CN 114085072 B CN114085072 B CN 114085072B CN 202011458513 A CN202011458513 A CN 202011458513A CN 114085072 B CN114085072 B CN 114085072B
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黄振民
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Fujian Earth Village Building Material Co ltd
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Abstract

本发明涉及无机石材技术领域,具体涉及一种无机石材及制作工艺,其特征在于:包括无机石材本体,无机石材本体一侧表面设有至少一个凹槽,凹槽内底面设有装饰釉,无机石材本体一侧表面还设有覆盖装饰釉的透明釉。本发明中的无机石材整体结构强度好,外形美观、具有较好的装饰效果,装饰釉的釉面整体呈现淡淡的浅蓝色效果,并通过洒金效果进行点缀,此外,装饰釉背景上形成有呈羽毛样质感的放射状花纹,可形成独特的艺术效果,再通过透明釉进行覆盖,其釉面薄透,透明度高,能很好的看到釉下无机石材本体的颜色及装饰釉,透明釉与装饰釉的结合程度高,并通过凹槽的设置,可呈现一种嵌入无机石材本体内的延伸效果,具有更好的视觉冲击力。

Description

一种无机石材及制作工艺
技术领域
本发明涉及无机石材技术领域,具体的涉及一种无机石材及制作工艺。
背景技术
无机人造石材是指用粘结剂、骨料、填料原料,采用人造石材领域中压板法或荒料-锯切法制成的人造石板材,其中粘结剂为土聚水泥、硅酸盐水泥、硫铝酸盐水泥或碱激发胶凝材料中的一种或几种为粘结剂,骨料或填料选自天然大理石、花岗岩、长石、石英或建筑废料等颗粒中的一种或几种。
现有的无机人造石材的优点在于价格便宜、施工简便,主要是厨、卫台面的使用,由于人造石的随意加工性,异型人造石高档工艺品和人造石家具面料将不断出现,这些产品的生产技术已日趋成熟,可替代天然石材、高档陶瓷、木材、金属类装饰材料,虽然各种类型的产品较多,但均由于其表面色泽不鲜艳,质暗淡无光泽,其整体美观性及装饰性都相对较差。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是提供一种整体结构强度好,外形美观、具有较好的装饰效果的一种无机石材及制作工艺。
为解决上述技术问题,本发明采用的技术方案如下:一种无机石材,包括无机石材本体,无机石材本体一侧表面设有至少一个凹槽,凹槽内底面设有装饰釉,无机石材本体一侧表面还设有覆盖装饰釉的透明釉,无机石材本体按重量份数的配方如下:石英砂55-67份、刚玉砂4-8份、水玻璃3-7份、铁矿砂2.1-2.6份、水8-10份、胶凝材料16-21份,装饰釉按重量份数的配方如下:氧化铝0.6-2份、锆英砂30-40、硼酸16-25份、氧化锌20-27份、二氧化钛1-3份、三氧化二镍2-4份、氧化锰5-9份、氢氧化铁3-6份、钴2-4份。
进一步的,石英砂的颗粒级配为:0-20目:16%、20-40目:32%、40-60目:32%、60-80目:4%、80-100目:16%,铁矿砂的颗粒级配为:10-20目:100%。
进一步的,胶凝材料包括铝酸盐耐高温水泥、玻璃微珠、硫铝酸钙和消泡剂,铝酸盐耐高温水泥、玻璃微珠、硫铝酸钙和消泡剂各占比例为70%、20%、9.7%和0.3%。
进一步的,无机石材本体按重量份数的配方如下:石英砂61份,刚玉砂6份,水玻璃4份,铁矿砂2.3份,水8.7份,胶凝材料18份。
进一步的,装饰釉按重量份数的配方如下:氧化铝1份、锆英砂34、硼酸19份、氧化锌26份、二氧化钛2.2份、三氧化二镍3份、氧化锰7份、氢氧化铁5份、钴2.8份。
进一步的,凹槽的深度为0.5-1mm。
一种如上述任意一项的无机石材的制作工艺,其特征在于:包括如下步骤:
步骤1、制作无机石材本体;
步骤1.1、按无机石材本体的原料配方进行配比称重,并将石英砂、刚玉砂、水玻璃、铁矿砂、水、胶凝材料置于搅拌混合器内进行搅拌混合,得到混合料;
步骤1.2、将混合料转移至成型模具中,并通过砖机进行压模,得到成型坯体,成型坯体的一侧表面形成有凹槽;
步骤1.3、通过水蒸气对成型坯体进行高温蒸干养护,得到石材半成品;
步骤1.4、采用喷砂机对石材半成品上设有凹槽的一侧表面进行处理,选用钢珠为磨料,来冲击石材半成品的表面,得到无机石材本体;
步骤2、按装饰釉、透明釉的原料配方分别进行配比称重,加水球磨后分别制得装饰釉、透明釉;
步骤3、在无机石材本体的凹槽内底面施一层装饰釉;
步骤4、等待装饰釉干燥后,向无机石材本体的一侧表面施一层覆盖装饰釉的透明釉;
步骤5、将施有装饰釉和透明釉的无机石材本体放入窑炉中一次烧制成型,烧成温度为900-1050℃。
进一步的,步骤1.2中的砖机压模压力为600吨,压模时间为10秒,步骤1.3中的水蒸气的温度为40-100℃,高温蒸干养护时间为6小时。
进一步的,步骤2中装饰釉及透明釉的原料均球磨至粒径200目以下。
进一步的,步骤3中的装饰釉使用刷釉工艺施釉,步骤4中的透明釉使用喷釉工艺施釉。
由上述描述可知,本发明提供的一种无机石材及制作工艺,其整体结构强度好,外形美观、具有较好的装饰效果,其装饰釉具有较好的玻璃质的光泽,装饰釉的釉面整体呈现淡淡的浅蓝色效果,并通过洒金效果进行点缀,此外,装饰釉背景上形成有呈羽毛样质感的放射状花纹,可形成独特的艺术效果,大大丰富了装饰釉整体的美观效果,同时配合凹槽的形状及数量设置,从而在无机石材本体的表面形成有相应图案,进一步提高整体的美观性及装饰性,其次,再通过透明釉进行覆盖,透明釉釉面薄透,具有玻璃质的光泽,透明度高,能很好的看到釉下无机石材本体的颜色及凹槽内的装饰釉,透明釉与装饰釉的结合程度高,并通过凹槽的设置,可呈现一种嵌入无机石材本体内的延伸效果,具有更好的视觉冲击力,该无机石材可大量生产,成品率高,有效减低生产成本,有效确保经济效益。
具体实施方式
以下通过具体实施方式对本发明作进一步的描述。
本发明所述的一种无机石材,包括无机石材本体,所述无机石材本体一侧表面设有至少一个凹槽,所述凹槽内底面设有装饰釉,所述无机石材本体一侧表面还设有覆盖所述装饰釉的透明釉,所述无机石材本体按重量份数的配方如下:石英砂55-67份、刚玉砂4-8份、水玻璃3-7份、铁矿砂2.1-2.6份、水8-10份、胶凝材料16-21份,所述装饰釉按重量份数的配方如下:氧化铝0.6-2份、锆英砂30-40、硼酸16-25份、氧化锌20-27份、二氧化钛1-3份、三氧化二镍2-4份、氧化锰5-9份、氢氧化铁3-6份、钴2-4份。
具体的,所述透明釉可选用现有技术中的低温透明釉,其具有低的烧成温度,所述透明釉按重量份数的配方如下:熔剂70份、石英9份、长石9份、高岭土3份、白垩3份、氢氧化铁3份、氧化铁2份、氧化铜1份,其中所述熔剂按重量份数的配方如下:铜丹34份、石英24份、硼砂18份、长石12份、石灰石7份、高岭土5份。
优选的,所述石英砂的颗粒级配为:0-20目:16%、20-40目:32%、40-60目:32%、60-80目:4%、80-100目:16%,由于所述石英砂为无机石材本体的主要组成部分,可使得无机石材本体颜色呈偏白色,通过采用此颗粒级配设置,以确保优良的颗粒级配,可减少胶凝材料的用量,同时可使得无机石材本体整体更为密实,有效确保无机石材本体整体的结构强度,所述铁矿砂的颗粒级配为:10-20目:100%,由于铁矿砂具有较深颜色,可在无机石材本体上局部形成有闪光点,从而提高该无机石材本体整体的美观性。
优选的,所述无机石材本体按重量份数的配方如下:石英砂61份,刚玉砂6份,水玻璃4份,铁矿砂2.3份,水8.7份,胶凝材料18份,具体的,所述胶凝材料包括铝酸盐耐高温水泥、玻璃微珠、硫铝酸钙和消泡剂,所述铝酸盐耐高温水泥、所述玻璃微珠、所述硫铝酸钙和所述消泡剂各占比例为70%、20%、9.7%和0.3%,由于所述装饰釉和所述透明釉的制备需要进行高温烧结,所述无机石材本体通过选用所述石英砂、所述刚玉砂和所述水玻璃作为骨料,同时所述铝酸盐耐高温水泥也具有很好的耐火性能,从而有效确保所述无机石材本体的强度和耐火性能,由此在所述无机石材本体进行釉面烧结时,可以保证所述无机石材本体不受损害,保持较好的结构强度,所述玻璃微珠具有质轻、低导热、隔音、高分散、电绝缘性和热稳定性好等优点,是一种性能优异的新型轻质材料,可使得所述无机石材本体整体重量更轻,且具有隔音隔热的特性。
优选的,所述装饰釉按重量份数的配方如下:氧化铝1份、锆英砂34、硼酸19份、氧化锌26份、二氧化钛2.2份、三氧化二镍3份、氧化锰7份、氢氧化铁5份、钴2.8份,通过引入锆英砂,可使得装饰釉具有较稳定的化学性能和较低的膨胀系数,通过引入硼酸及氧化锌,以增强助熔效果,降低烧成温度,从而使得该装饰釉具有低的烧成温度、稳定的化学性能、较低的膨胀系数,通过引入氧化锰、氢氧化铁及钴作为发色剂,可使得装饰釉中泛出淡淡的浅蓝色,通过引入三氧化二镍作为发色剂,能形成黄色系的背景釉色,通过引入氧化铝,用于调整釉的稳定性,提高化学稳定性和机械强度,改善热稳定性,另一方面,氧化铝用于调节结晶颜色,使得作为色剂的三氧化二镍的结晶颜色发黄,从而具有洒金点缀效果,从而丰富所述凹槽内所呈现的效果,通过引入二氧化钛,用于引发氧化锌结晶,帮助结晶形成,促使装饰釉具有期望的花纹和洒金点缀。
优选的,所述凹槽的深度为0.5-1mm,所述凹槽的形状可以是圆形、方形、心形、三角形、多边形、五角星形,或者是动物造型、人物造型、建筑造型,可在砖机的压模进行相应设置,从而使得无机石材本体表面形成有相应形状的凹槽,通过结合所述凹槽的形状设置,以进一步提高整体的美观性,此外,所述凹槽的数量可以是1个,也可以是多个,其数量可根据实际的需求进行设置。
优选的,所述装饰釉的厚度为0.5-1mm,所述透明釉的厚度为0.2-0.5mm。
一种如上述任意一项所述的无机石材的制作工艺,其特征在于:包括如下步骤:
步骤1、制作无机石材本体;
步骤1.1、按无机石材本体的原料配方进行配比称重,并将石英砂、刚玉砂、水玻璃、铁矿砂、水、胶凝材料置于搅拌混合器内进行搅拌混合,得到混合料;
步骤1.2、将混合料转移至成型模具中,并通过砖机进行压模,得到成型坯体,成型坯体的一侧表面形成有凹槽,所述砖机压模压力为600吨,压模时间为10秒;
步骤1.3、通过水蒸气对成型坯体进行高温蒸干养护,得到石材半成品,所述水蒸气的温度为40-100℃,高温蒸干养护时间为6小时,从而进一步提高强度,防开裂;
步骤1.4、采用喷砂机对石材半成品上设有凹槽的一侧表面进行处理,选用钢珠为磨料,来冲击石材半成品的表面,得到无机石材本体,并使得无机石材本体一侧表面得到类似玻璃磨砂效果的表面;
步骤2、按装饰釉、透明釉的原料配方分别进行配比称重,加水球磨后分别制得装饰釉、透明釉,装饰釉及透明釉的原料均球磨至粒径200目以下;
步骤3、在无机石材本体的凹槽内底面施一层装饰釉,装饰釉使用刷釉工艺施釉;
步骤4、等待装饰釉干燥后,向无机石材本体的一侧表面施一层覆盖装饰釉的透明釉,透明釉使用喷釉工艺施釉;
步骤5、将施有装饰釉和透明釉的无机石材本体放入窑炉中一次烧制成型,烧成温度为900-1050℃。
通过采用上述方法制作出来的无机石材,其整体结构强度好,外形美观、具有较好的装饰效果,其装饰釉具有较好的玻璃质的光泽,装饰釉的釉面整体呈现淡淡的浅蓝色效果,并通过洒金效果进行点缀,此外,装饰釉背景上形成有呈羽毛样质感的放射状花纹,可形成独特的艺术效果,大大丰富了装饰釉整体的美观效果,同时配合所述凹槽的形状及数量设置,从而在无机石材本体的表面形成有相应图案,进一步提高整体的美观性及装饰性,其次,再通过透明釉进行覆盖,透明釉釉面薄透,具有玻璃质的光泽,透明度高,能很好的看到釉下无机石材本体的颜色及凹槽内的装饰釉,透明釉与装饰釉的结合程度高,并通过所述凹槽的设置,可呈现一种嵌入无机石材本体内的延伸效果,具有更好的视觉冲击力,该无机石材可大量生产,成品率高,有效减低生产成本,有效确保经济效益。
将该无机石材本体送至通标标准技术服务有限公司厦门分公司进行检验检测,其测试结果如下:
Figure BDA0002830333510000071
Figure BDA0002830333510000081
1、吸水率及24h毛细吸水率;
测试方法:
EN 13748-1:2004水磨石砖-第1部分:室内用水磨石砖-第5.8节:吸水率的测定;
试样:人造石,100mm×100mm×20mm,6片,一面抛光;
测试结果:
Figure BDA0002830333510000082
2、弯曲程度;
测试方法:EN 13748-1:2004水磨石砖-第1部分:室内用水磨石砖-第5.5节:弯曲强度的测定;
试样:人造石,300mm×100mm×20mm,3片,一面抛光;
加载速率:50N/s;
测试结果:
Figure BDA0002830333510000091
3、耐磨性;
测试方法:EN 13748-1:2004水磨石砖-第1部分:室内用水磨石砖-第5.6节:耐磨性的测定;
试样:人造石,150mm×100mm×20mm,6片,一面抛光;
测试面:抛光面;
测试结果:
Figure BDA0002830333510000092
4、表观密度;
测试方法:EN 14617-1:2013人造石-测试方法-第1部分:表观密度及吸水率的测定;
试样:人造石,100mm×100mm×20mm,6片,一面抛光;
测试结果:
Figure BDA0002830333510000093
Figure BDA0002830333510000101
5、抗冲击性;
测试方法:EN 14617-9:2005人造石-测试方法-第9部分:抗冲击性的测定;
试样:人造石,200mm×200mm×20mm,4片,一面抛光;
测试面:抛光面;
测试结果:
Figure BDA0002830333510000102
备注:
破坏功L(单位:焦耳)依如下公式计算:
L=M×h×g;
其中:M为钢球质量,1.050kg,h为样品破坏时钢球的高度,g为重力加速度,等于9.806m/s2
6、线性热膨胀系数;
测试方法:EN 14617-11:2005人造石-测试方法-第11部分:线性热膨胀系数测试;
试样:人造石,50mm×10mm×10mm,3片,一面抛光;
升温速率:3℃/min;
测试结果:
温度:从30℃到60℃;
Figure BDA0002830333510000111
7、抗压强度;
测试方法:EN 14617-15:2005人造石-测试方法-第15部分:抗压强度的测定;
试样:人造石,50mm×50mm×20mm,6片,一面抛光;
加载速率:(1.0±0.5)MPa/s;
测试结果:
Figure BDA0002830333510000112
8、莫氏硬度;
测试方法:JC/T 908-2013(2017)第7.4节&附录A:莫氏硬度的测定;
试样:人造石,100mm×100mm×20mm,3片,一面抛光;
测试结果:
测试面:抛光面;
Figure BDA0002830333510000113
参考:
1-滑石;2-石膏;3-方解石;4-萤石;5-磷灰石;6-正长石;7-石英;8-黄玉;9-刚玉;10-金刚石。
9、外观质量;
测试方法:JC/T 908-2013(2017)人造石-第7.2节:外观质量的测定;
试样:人造石,100mm×100mm×20mm,3片,一面抛光;
测试结果:
外观检查后,无可见缺陷。
10、放射性核素;
测试方法:GB 6566-2010建筑材料放射性核素限量;
样品描述:人造石;
测试结果:
Figure BDA0002830333510000121
放射性核素比活度;
Figure BDA0002830333510000122
备注:该样品放射性核素限量复合标准GB 6566-2010中A类装饰装修材料规定要求,其产销与使用范围不受限制。
上述仅为本发明的若干具体实施方式,但本发明的设计构思并不局限于此,凡利用此构思对本发明进行非实质性的改动,均应属于侵犯本发明保护范围的行为。

Claims (7)

1.一种无机石材的制作工艺,其特征在于:包括如下步骤:
步骤1、制作无机石材本体;
步骤1.1、按无机石材本体的原料配方进行配比称重,并将石英砂、刚玉砂、水玻璃、铁矿砂、水、胶凝材料置于搅拌混合器内进行搅拌混合,得到混合料;
步骤1.2、将混合料转移至成型模具中,并通过砖机进行压模,得到成型坯体,成型坯体的一侧表面形成有凹槽,所述砖机压模压力为600吨,压模时间为10秒;
步骤1.3、通过水蒸气对成型坯体进行高温蒸干养护,得到石材半成品,所述水蒸气的温度为40-100℃,高温蒸干养护时间为6小时;
步骤1.4、采用喷砂机对石材半成品上设有凹槽的一侧表面进行处理,选用钢珠为磨料,来冲击石材半成品的表面,得到无机石材本体;
步骤2、按装饰釉、透明釉的原料配方分别进行配比称重,加水球磨后分别制得装饰釉、透明釉;
步骤3、在无机石材本体的凹槽内底面施一层装饰釉;
步骤4、等待装饰釉干燥后,向无机石材本体的一侧表面施一层覆盖装饰釉的透明釉;
步骤5、将施有装饰釉和透明釉的无机石材本体放入窑炉中一次烧制成型,烧成温度为900-1050℃;
所述无机石材包括无机石材本体,所述无机石材本体一侧表面设有至少一个凹槽,所述凹槽内底面设有装饰釉,所述无机石材本体一侧表面还设有覆盖所述装饰釉的透明釉,所述无机石材本体按重量份数的配方如下:石英砂55-67份、刚玉砂4-8份、水玻璃3-7份、铁矿砂2.1-2.6份、水8-10份、胶凝材料16-21份,所述装饰釉按重量份数的配方如下:氧化铝0.6-2份、锆英砂30-40、硼酸16-25份、氧化锌20-27份、二氧化钛1-3份、三氧化二镍2-4份、氧化锰5-9份、氢氧化铁3-6份、钴2-4份,所述凹槽的深度为0.5-1mm,所述石英砂的颗粒级配为:0-20目:16%、20-40目:32%、40-60目:32%、60-80目:4%、80-100目:16%,所述胶凝材料包括铝酸盐耐高温水泥、玻璃微珠、硫铝酸钙和消泡剂。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种无机石材的制作工艺,其特征在于:所述铁矿砂的颗粒级配为:10-20目:100%。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种无机石材的制作工艺,其特征在于:所述铝酸盐耐高温水泥、所述玻璃微珠、所述硫铝酸钙和所述消泡剂各占比例为70%、20%、9.7%和0.3%。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种无机石材的制作工艺,其特征在于:所述无机石材本体按重量份数的配方如下:石英砂61份,刚玉砂6份,水玻璃4份,铁矿砂2.3份,水8.7份,胶凝材料18份。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种无机石材的制作工艺,其特征在于:所述装饰釉按重量份数的配方如下:氧化铝1份、锆英砂34、硼酸19份、氧化锌26份、二氧化钛2.2份、三氧化二镍3份、氧化锰7份、氢氧化铁5份、钴2.8份。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种无机石材的制作工艺,其特征在于:所述步骤2中装饰釉及透明釉的原料均球磨至粒径200目以下。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种无机石材的制作工艺,其特征在于:所述步骤3中的装饰釉使用刷釉工艺施釉,所述步骤4中的透明釉使用喷釉工艺施釉。
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CN108358571A (zh) * 2018-04-18 2018-08-03 肥西县碧涛建材有限公司 一种带釉面的耐磨耐腐蚀混凝土道牙石
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