CN114076586B - Integrated monitoring method for subsidence of star field on mine surface - Google Patents
Integrated monitoring method for subsidence of star field on mine surface Download PDFInfo
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- CN114076586B CN114076586B CN202010844683.4A CN202010844683A CN114076586B CN 114076586 B CN114076586 B CN 114076586B CN 202010844683 A CN202010844683 A CN 202010844683A CN 114076586 B CN114076586 B CN 114076586B
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- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 184
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 53
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 238000005305 interferometry Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000002329 infrared spectrum Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000009933 burial Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 description 14
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- PCTMTFRHKVHKIS-BMFZQQSSSA-N (1s,3r,4e,6e,8e,10e,12e,14e,16e,18s,19r,20r,21s,25r,27r,30r,31r,33s,35r,37s,38r)-3-[(2r,3s,4s,5s,6r)-4-amino-3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-19,25,27,30,31,33,35,37-octahydroxy-18,20,21-trimethyl-23-oxo-22,39-dioxabicyclo[33.3.1]nonatriaconta-4,6,8,10 Chemical group C1C=C2C[C@@H](OS(O)(=O)=O)CC[C@]2(C)[C@@H]2[C@@H]1[C@@H]1CC[C@H]([C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)[C@@]1(C)CC2.O[C@H]1[C@@H](N)[C@H](O)[C@@H](C)O[C@H]1O[C@H]1/C=C/C=C/C=C/C=C/C=C/C=C/C=C/[C@H](C)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](C)[C@H](C)OC(=O)C[C@H](O)C[C@H](O)CC[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)C[C@H](O)C[C@](O)(C[C@H](O)[C@H]2C(O)=O)O[C@H]2C1 PCTMTFRHKVHKIS-BMFZQQSSSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001427 coherent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011165 process development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009897 systematic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005641 tunneling Effects 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
- G01C5/00—Measuring height; Measuring distances transverse to line of sight; Levelling between separated points; Surveyors' levels
Abstract
The invention provides a mine surface subsidence starry sky and ground integrated monitoring method, which comprises the following steps: (1) arranging a # character-shaped monitoring line on the ground surface; (2) setting permanent monitoring points; (3) Preliminarily determining a major monitoring area of the earth surface according to the excavation parameters of the underground engineering; (4) Each monitoring point in the monitoring area is coded and registered, a wireless signal receiving device is arranged, a satellite system, a radar interferometry technology, unmanned aerial vehicle aerial photography or infrared spectrum photographing are adopted, RTK+ precise leveling is adopted to measure the cross overlapping of the monitoring area at a preset monitoring frequency, and monitoring data are obtained in real time. The invention adopts star (BDS+InSAR), empty (unmanned plane+infrared), and ground (monitoring station+RTK) integrated monitoring means, combines the underground engineering excavation process, effectively integrates three monitoring methods for surface monitoring, can timely predict the surface subsidence condition caused by underground engineering excavation, and provides theoretical support for accurate acquisition and ecological exploitation loss reduction.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of ground surface monitoring, in particular to a mine ground surface subsidence starry sky and ground integrated monitoring method.
Background
Mining subsidence management is an important content of ecological mine construction, and water, soil and vegetation in mining areas are seriously affected. The mining and the earth surface subsidence have close time and space effects, and the greater the mining strength, the shallower the burial depth, the more obvious the influence degree is shown. At present, a cross and well lattice point distribution method is mainly adopted, a monitoring base point is buried, and three fusion monitoring methods including an InSAR (radar interferometry technology), a GPS (global positioning system) and leveling measurement are partially adopted, so that the ground surface subsidence characteristic can be obtained, but the monitoring point cannot be effectively fused with the exploitation process, and the due subsidence dynamic characteristic of the underground-uphole in the exploitation process cannot be reflected in time.
At present, the ground surface subsidence monitoring scheme is single, more monitoring points are arranged, and the monitoring efficiency and the labor intensity are difficult to be effectively balanced. In view of the above, the present inventors have provided a method for integrally monitoring the subsidence of the earth surface in a mine, so as to solve the above-mentioned problems.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an integrated monitoring method for subsidence starry sky on the surface of a mine, which aims to solve the technical defects that the existing monitoring scheme for subsidence on the surface of the mine is single, more monitoring points are arranged, and the monitoring efficiency and the labor intensity are difficult to be effectively balanced.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides a mine surface subsidence starry sky and ground integrated monitoring method, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Before underground engineering excavation, arranging a # -shaped monitoring line on the ground surface;
(2) Setting permanent monitoring points at open-cut positions of a working surface excavated by underground engineering;
(3) Preliminarily determining a major monitoring area of the earth surface according to the excavation parameters of the underground engineering;
(4) Each monitoring point in the monitoring area is coded and registered, a wireless signal receiving device is arranged, a satellite system, a radar interferometry technology, unmanned aerial vehicle aerial photography or infrared spectrum photographing are adopted, RTK+ precise leveling is adopted to measure the cross overlapping of the monitoring area at a preset monitoring frequency, and monitoring data are obtained in real time.
The mine surface subsidence starry sky and ground integrated monitoring method comprises the following steps that in the step (1), each distance L is spaced in the direction of the trend of the surface 1 An inclined monitoring line is arranged in the range of H/pi, the total length of the trend monitoring line is nH/pi, wherein H is the excavation burial depth, and n is a natural number.
In the mine surface subsidence starry sky and ground integrated monitoring method, in the step (1), the length of a monitoring line in the trend direction of the surface perpendicular to the trend direction is W+4H/pi, wherein W is the excavation width.
In the mine surface subsidence starry sky and ground integrated monitoring method, in the step (1), the interval distance between inclined monitoring lines is equal to the interval distance between trend monitoring lines.
In the step (1), main monitoring lines are respectively distributed in the middle of a working surface of a sinking basin excavated underground by adopting a profile method, the advancing distance of the main monitoring lines in the advancing direction is nH/2 pi, and the main monitoring lines consist of basic points.
In the step (2), every three permanent monitoring points are in a group and are arranged in a triangle, and the side length of the triangle formed by the three permanent monitoring points is half of the distance between the trend monitoring lines or the trend monitoring lines.
The mine surface subsidence starry sky and ground integrated monitoring method comprises the following steps of (4) and (2) enabling a satellite system to comprise BDS and GPS.
The mine surface subsidence starry sky and ground integrated monitoring method comprises the following steps of: the method comprises the steps that a permanent monitoring point is monitored by a satellite every 1-2 days, before the trend direction advances to the next monitoring line, the level or RTK measurement of an active point in a monitoring area is required to be completed 2-3 times, 2 aerial photographing of an unmanned aerial vehicle is required to be completed 2-3 times, and each monitoring line of a radar interferometry technology is required to be completed once until excavation exceeds all monitoring lines, wherein an intersection point of the monitoring lines except a main monitoring line is the active point.
According to the mine surface subsidence starry sky and ground integrated monitoring method, an unmanned plane focuses on aerial exploitation areas, and radar interferometry technology focuses on monitoring excavation boundaries and the range beyond.
The mine surface subsidence starry sky and ground integrated monitoring method is suitable for a near-horizontal excavation project and an excavation project with an inclination angle.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention discloses a mine earth surface subsidence starry sky and ground integrated monitoring method, which adopts star (BDS+InSAR), sky (unmanned aerial vehicle+infrared) and ground (monitoring station+RTK) integrated monitoring means, combines the underground engineering excavation process, effectively integrates the three monitoring methods for earth surface monitoring, mutually coordinates, enriches monitoring data, has larger breakthrough in the aspects of monitoring precision and underground well linkage effect of earth surface deformation, can timely predict earth surface subsidence conditions caused by underground engineering excavation, and provides theoretical support for accurate acquisition and ecological exploitation loss reduction.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a spatial layout diagram of an integrated monitoring method for a mine surface subsidence starry sky according to the present invention;
fig. 2 is a layout of a preferred embodiment.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
First, as shown in fig. 1, the invention provides a method for integrally monitoring subsidence of a mine surface and a starry sky, wherein as shown in the figure, the area of the underground engineering excavated corresponding to the surface is ABCD, the main monitoring area is ABCD, W is the excavation width, L is the excavation length, H is the excavation burial depth, and M is the exploitation height.
The monitoring method mainly comprises the following steps:
(1) Before underground engineering excavation, arranging a groined monitoring line on the ground surface;
before underground engineering is excavated, a monitoring line in the shape of a "#" (also called a "well") is arranged on the ground surface. Specifically, the direction of trend (length in the figureDirection) per distance of separation L 1 The device is characterized in that a tendency monitoring line is arranged in the range of H/pi, the total length of the trend monitoring lines is nH/pi (n is a natural number), preferably 8H/pi, and 8 monitoring lines are arranged in the trend direction (also called a propulsion direction). The length of the trend direction (width direction in the figure) monitoring line is W+4H/pi, and the spacing distance of the trend monitoring lines is close to or equal to the spacing distance of the running direction monitoring lines. Wherein, the trend direction is perpendicular to the trend direction.
The main monitoring lines are respectively distributed on the main end face (the middle part of a normal working face) of the underground excavated sinking basin by adopting a profile method, the propulsion distance of the main monitoring lines in the propulsion direction is nH/2 pi (preferably 4H/pi), the main monitoring lines in the working face direction are distributed in the middle part of the working face, the main monitoring lines consist of basic points (black solid dot icons), and the two ends of the monitoring lines are beyond the influence range.
According to the invention, limited monitoring points are arranged by adopting a well lattice-to-well lattice method according to the ground surface subsidence characteristics, and the data complementation is realized by adopting a star field integrated monitoring method, so that the ground surface is rapidly, effectively and accurately monitored, and the underground exploitation, ground surface subsidence linkage effect and overall process development characteristics are systematically mastered.
(2) Setting permanent monitoring points
According to the open-cut position of the working surface of the earth excavation, permanent monitoring points (triangle icons in figure 1) are set as reference, such as triangle icon k in the figure 1 、k 2 、k 3 、k 4 、k 5 、k 6 、k 7 、k 8 、k 9 Every three triangle icons (e.g. k 1 、k 2 、k 3 ) In a triangular arrangement, the side length of the triangle formed by the three permanent monitoring points is preferably half the pitch of the longitudinal and transverse monitoring lines so as to improve the monitoring accuracy, and the distance between the excavation boundary lines (i.e. the boundary lines of the excavation region abcd) is mainly related to the burial depth (H) of the underground mining space, and the distance L is usually 2 Between H/pi and 2H/pi.
The method comprises the steps of cutting a coal face along a coal mining line, tunneling a roadway along a coal seam between a transportation roadway and an air return roadway, forming an independent air return system, and arranging a coal mining face to coal after the air return system is formed.
According to the invention, the permanent measuring points, the basic points and the movable points are arranged in different areas according to the characteristic of the ground surface subsidence in the mining process, different monitoring means are adopted in different areas of the ground surface in combination with the burial depth and the mining intensity, and a starry sky and ground integrated monitoring method is adopted, so that the ground surface subsidence can be accurately monitored in different categories and purposefully.
(3) Preliminary determination of surface monitoring area
And (3) primarily determining an earth surface key monitoring area according to underground engineering excavation parameters, namely covering a # character-shaped monitoring line and permanent monitoring points, wherein the basic monitoring points on the main monitoring line of the # character-shaped monitoring line can be additionally provided with monitoring points according to actual requirements, and the figure shows an embodiment with minimum monitoring point arrangement.
(4) Each monitoring point in the monitoring area is coded and registered, a wireless signal receiving device is arranged, and a satellite system (double satellites: BDS+GPS), a radar interferometry technique (INSAR), unmanned aerial vehicle aerial photography or infrared spectrum photographing and RTK (carrier phase difference technique) +precise leveling measurement are adopted to measure the cross overlapping of the monitoring area. Wherein BDS is Beidou satellite navigation system.
(5) Monitoring at a predetermined monitoring frequency
The monitoring frequency is as follows: the method comprises the steps that a permanent monitoring point is monitored by a satellite 1 every 1-2 days, before the trend direction advances to the next monitoring line, a movable point (a circular icon in fig. 1) in an area needs to finish leveling or RTK measurement 2-3 times, unmanned aerial vehicle 2 aerial photography 2-3 times, and radar Interferometry (INSAR) needs to be finished once for each monitoring line until excavation exceeds all monitoring lines.
And the intersection points of the monitoring lines except the main monitoring line are active points.
Preferably, the unmanned plane focuses on the aerial exploitation area, the INSAR focuses on monitoring the excavation boundary and the area beyond the excavation boundary, and the monitoring data can be mutually supplemented and perfected, so that the monitoring data can be obtained in real time.
Alternatively, the above embodiment is to monitor the subsidence of the ground surface in a near horizontal excavation, and the above method is equally applicable to excavation engineering with inclination.
According to the invention, underground mining and ground surface monitoring are coherent by using two parameters of the depth of the excavated buried and the width of the working surface, so that accurate ground surface subsidence monitoring is realized, monitoring points are arranged on the ground surface by adopting a systematic method, advantage complementation is realized by adopting a star field integrated monitoring method, so that the monitoring points are few, the ground surface monitoring can be simply, conveniently, comprehensively and quickly realized, and data support is provided for underground on-well linkage mechanism and ecological loss reduction mining.
PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
As shown in fig. 2, which is a layout of the preferred embodiment. In the preferred embodiment, only the excavation size and the occurrence of the burial depth are required to be known, and a certain mine working face is taken as an example.
It is known that: the excavation width W=300m, the pushing length L=5200M, the mining height M=8.8m, the burial depth H=145M-234M, and the inclination angle is smaller than 1-5 degrees. For convenience, the average number is chosen, so w=300m, l=5200 m, m=8.8m, h=190 m, as follows:
the total length of the trend monitoring line is 8H/pi=8×190/3.14=484 m, four sections can be divided, and each section is separated by L=484/4=121 m; one monitoring line is arranged at each interval H/pi, namely an average of 60m is provided with one monitoring line, and L1, L2, L3, L4, L5, L6, L7 and L8 are arranged in a trend manner.
The length of the trend monitoring line is w+4h/pi=300+4190/3.14=542 m, so the trend monitoring area is selected to be 550m, and one monitoring line is set for monitoring with reference to 60m at intervals of 50m, such as W0, W1, W2, W3, W4, W5, W6, W7, W8, W9 and W10 in the figure, and 11 measuring lines are counted.
The permanent measuring points are arranged outside the cut hole and the roadway, the range of the distance from the mining boundary is between 60 and 120m, the distance between the permanent measuring points and the mining boundary is approximately triangular, the side length is half of the distance between the monitoring lines, the permanent measuring points are 25 to 30m, 9 permanent measuring points, 72 grid measuring points and 81 monitoring points are arranged in total.
The monitoring frequency is: in the figure, basic points (black solid dot icons) are monitored at least twice in each week, active points (circular icons) are monitored at least twice before exploitation, the INSAR technology focuses on monitoring sinkage on two sides of a roadway, namely W3, W4, W5, W6, W7, W8, W9 and W10 monitoring line areas, unmanned aerial vehicle aerial photography focuses on monitoring W0, W1, W2, W3, W4 and W5 monitoring line areas, and the monitoring data are mutually supplemented and perfected, so that the monitoring data are obtained in real time.
In summary, the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: the invention discloses a mine earth surface subsidence starry sky and ground integrated monitoring method, which adopts star (BDS+InSAR), sky (unmanned aerial vehicle+infrared) and ground (monitoring station+RTK) integrated monitoring means, combines the underground engineering excavation process, effectively integrates the three monitoring methods for earth surface monitoring, mutually coordinates, enriches monitoring data, has larger breakthrough in the aspects of monitoring precision and underground well linkage effect of earth surface deformation, can timely predict earth surface subsidence conditions caused by underground engineering excavation, and provides theoretical support for accurate acquisition and ecological exploitation loss reduction.
While the invention has been described with reference to a preferred embodiment, various modifications may be made and equivalents may be substituted for elements thereof without departing from the scope of the invention. In particular, the technical features mentioned in the respective embodiments may be combined in any manner as long as there is no structural conflict. The present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed herein, but encompasses all technical solutions falling within the scope of the claims.
Claims (7)
1. The integrated monitoring method for the subsidence starry sky and ground on the surface of the mine is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) Before underground engineering excavation, arranging # character-shaped monitoring lines on the ground surface, and spacing each distance L in the direction of the trend of the ground surface 1 Setting a trend monitoring line with the total length of nH/pi, wherein H is the excavation burial depth, n is a natural number, and respectively laying main monitoring lines in the middle of the working surface of the submerged basin excavated underground by adopting a profile method, wherein the advancing distance of the main monitoring lines in the direction of trend is nH/2 pi, and the main monitoring lines consist of basic points; (2) Setting permanent monitoring points at open-cut positions of a working surface excavated by underground engineering;
(3) Preliminarily determining a major monitoring area of the earth surface according to the excavation parameters of the underground engineering;
(4) Each monitoring point in the monitoring area is coded and registered, a wireless signal receiving device is arranged, a satellite system, a radar interferometry technology, unmanned aerial vehicle aerial photography or infrared spectrum photographing are adopted, RTK+ precise leveling is used for carrying out cross overlapping measurement on the monitoring area at a preset monitoring frequency, monitoring data are obtained in real time, and the monitoring frequency is as follows: the method comprises the steps that a permanent monitoring point is monitored once every 1-2 days by using satellites, before the trend direction is advanced to the next monitoring line, the level or RTK measurement of active points in a monitoring area is required to be completed 2-3 times, 2 aerial photographing of an unmanned aerial vehicle is required to be completed 2-3 times, each monitoring line of a radar interferometry technology is required to be completed once until excavation exceeds all monitoring lines, wherein intersection points of the monitoring lines except a main monitoring line are active points, and basic points are monitored at least twice completely every week.
2. The method for integrated monitoring of subsidence starry sky in mine surface according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the length of the monitoring line in the direction of inclination of the ground surface perpendicular to the direction of trend is w+4h/pi, where W is the excavation width.
3. The method for integrated monitoring of the subsidence starry sky in the mine surface according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the trend monitoring line spacing distance is equal to the trend monitoring line spacing distance.
4. A mine surface subsidence starry sky integrated monitoring method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3 wherein in step (2) each three permanent monitoring points are in a group and are arranged in a triangle, the triangle of the three permanent monitoring points having a side length of half the distance between going or leaning monitoring lines.
5. A mine surface subsidence starry sky integrated monitoring method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3 wherein in step (4) the satellite system comprises BDS and GPS.
6. The integrated monitoring method for the subsidence starry sky and ground on the mine surface according to claim 1, wherein the unmanned aerial vehicle focuses on aerial exploitation areas, and the radar interferometry technology focuses on monitoring the excavation boundaries and the areas beyond.
7. The method for integrated monitoring of the subsidence starry sky in the mine surface according to claim 1, wherein the method is applicable to a near horizontal excavation project and also applicable to an excavation project with an inclination angle.
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