CN112964223B - Control measurement method based on railway Beidou/GNSS continuous operation reference station - Google Patents
Control measurement method based on railway Beidou/GNSS continuous operation reference station Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
- G01C5/00—Measuring height; Measuring distances transverse to line of sight; Levelling between separated points; Surveyors' levels
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S19/00—Satellite radio beacon positioning systems; Determining position, velocity or attitude using signals transmitted by such systems
- G01S19/01—Satellite radio beacon positioning systems transmitting time-stamped messages, e.g. GPS [Global Positioning System], GLONASS [Global Orbiting Navigation Satellite System] or GALILEO
- G01S19/13—Receivers
- G01S19/33—Multimode operation in different systems which transmit time stamped messages, e.g. GPS/GLONASS
Abstract
The invention relates to a control measurement method based on a railway Beidou/GNSS continuous operation reference station, which comprises the steps of establishing a BDS/GNSS continuous operation reference station along a central line, carrying out joint measurement on the station, a national plane B-level point and a national higher-level point more than the second level, and obtaining a plane coordinate and a normal height; the three-dimensional geocentric coordinates are dynamically updated by joint calculation with an IGS station and a neighboring national continuous operation reference station network; the leveling work of the elevation control network is completed on the whole line; a construction unit utilizes a reference station network to carry out a series of work of railway land red line measurement, camp construction, construction road lofting and engineering construction lofting under a railway line; and during construction and operation, encrypting the control point in a local area. The method is not limited by three-in-one and step-by-step control of the traditional railway control network, local encryption control points are directly carried out under the strip BDS/GNSS continuous operation reference station network, the precision is higher, the timeliness is stronger, and the control point network is more flexible.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a railway engineering control and measurement method, in particular to a control and measurement method based on a railway Beidou/GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) continuous operation reference station, which is suitable for railway full-life-cycle measurement control network construction and maintenance.
Background
The railway engineering measurement comprises survey design, offline engineering construction, track construction and completion acceptance measurement, the whole measurement period is long, and the retest and maintenance of the plane elevation control network during construction are included. Because the railway line is long, the area span range is large, and the change of the terrain and geological conditions is large, before the measurement work of railway engineering is carried out, a survey design unit needs to carry out overall design according to the line trend, the terrain and landform characteristics, the geological characteristics and the like, and the main principles of a coordinate system, a benchmark, a net shape, precision, a network establishment opportunity and the like are determined. The survey control network is a plane and elevation control network established by a survey design unit in a survey design stage to meet the survey design of high-speed railway engineering and carry out pile crossing on a construction unit, and comprises a primary survey control network, a frame control network CP0, a basic plane control network CP I, a line plane control network CP II and a line level base point control network. The initial survey control network is mainly used by a survey design unit for meeting the requirements of line scheme selection, initial survey and fixed survey, and is mainly used for topographic map surveying and mapping, aerial survey field surveying and mapping, drilling lofting, work point and section map surveying and mapping, a railway four-equal GNSS measurement method is adopted for plane control, and a four-equal leveling method is adopted for elevation measurement. The construction control network is a level elevation control network for providing a control reference for high-speed railway engineering construction, and comprises a basic level control network CP I, a line level control network CP II, a line level base point control network, a construction plane, elevation control points and a track control network CP III established for track laying, wherein the construction plane, the elevation control points and the track control network CP III are encrypted on the basis.
The operation maintenance control network is a plane and elevation control network which is handed to an operation unit by a construction unit after the high-speed railway engineering is completed and is used for carrying out deformation monitoring and operation maintenance on the high-speed railway engineering in an operation stage.
Most of the 3 types of measurement control networks have the defects of high laying cost, repeated burying of the peg stake at a control point, high testing difficulty, need of periodical organization retest, inconsistent starting and calculating benchmarks and technical levels of different testing units, low automation degree and the like, and the working efficiency and the measuring precision are greatly reduced. Therefore, a control network measuring method which can be realized quickly, has unified reference and is updated dynamically and reduces the frequency of repeated measurement and the measurement cost is needed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a control and measurement method based on a railway Beidou/GNSS continuous operation Reference station, which replaces a conventional survey control network and a construction control network by a plurality of BDSs (BeiDou Navigation Satellite System)/GNSS continuous operation Reference Stations (CORS for short) in a strip-shaped linear region along a railway, provides a new control network encryption measurement method, and provides dynamic frame Reference and high-efficiency and high-precision accurate positioning service for the whole life cycle of the railway.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a control measurement method based on a railway Beidou/GNSS continuous operation reference station is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: in the initial survey stage of railway survey design, establishing a BDS/GNSS continuous operation reference station along the central line of a designed railway scheme;
step two: performing joint measurement on a BDS/GNSS continuous operation reference station site, a national plane B level point and a national higher-level point more than the second grade to acquire CGCS2000 plane coordinates and normal height of the BDS/GNSS continuous operation reference station site;
step three: the BDS/GNSS continuous operation reference station, the IGS station and the adjacent national continuous operation reference station network are combined for resolving, the three-dimensional geocentric coordinates are dynamically updated, and dynamic space reference is provided as other subsequent high-precision positioning requirements;
step four: after the railway survey design and determination are finished, the line scheme is stable, the distribution positions of roadbed, bridge, tunnel and station work points are clear, and the leveling work of the elevation control network is finished on the whole line;
step five: after the construction drawing is designed, a construction unit enters a field, and a series of works of railway land red line measurement, camp construction, construction road lofting and engineering construction lofting under a railway line are carried out by utilizing a banded BDS/GNSS continuous operation reference station network;
step six: during construction and operation, when network RTK measurement accuracy provided by a BDS/GNSS continuous operation reference station network cannot meet application requirements and a total station corner measurement method is adopted, a BDS/GNSS static observation method is adopted to encrypt a control point for total station orientation in a local area.
In the first step, a BDS/GNSS continuous operation reference station is established along the central line of a designed railway scheme according to the distance of 20-30 kilometers, the distance from the BDS/GNSS continuous operation reference station to the central line of the railway is not more than 5 kilometers, and a CP0 point of a traditional precision survey control network is replaced;
the BDS/GNSS continuous operation reference station observation pillar adopts a detachable and reusable roof observation pillar, adopts a power supply mode combining commercial power, solar energy and a storage battery, and provides common broadband service by using an operator nearby in network transmission or embeds a 4G/5G mobile communication card in a receiver;
the BDS/GNSS continuously operates the receiver and the antenna of the reference station site to receive multi-frequency point signals of a multi-satellite system, the data sampling interval is 1 second, and the original observation data comprises pseudo range, carrier phase, doppler frequency shift, carrier-to-noise ratio and navigation message.
In the second step:
if the area along the railway has the similar geoid refinement model, the network RTK measurement provided by the BDS/GNSS continuous operation reference station network directly obtains the normal height and is directly used for railway engineering measurement;
if the similar-to-large-ground level surface refinement is not carried out in the area along the railway, leveling points are distributed along the railway according to the distance of 2 kilometers, leveling line measurement is carried out, elevation joint measurement is carried out on the leveling points with the higher-grade level points more than the second grade of the country, and the elevation of each leveling point is obtained; the elevation achievement of no less than 3 line leveling points is utilized to realize centimeter-level application of network RTK in primary measurement and fixed measurement after elevation correction, and the centimeter-level application comprises an aerial photography platform, topographic map surveying and mapping, work point map surveying and mapping, drilling lofting, empty point measurement, unmanned aerial vehicle platform operation positioning and vehicle machine dynamic positioning.
In the fourth step, for the BDS/GNSS continuous operation reference station established in the initial measurement stage, if the distance between stations and the distance from the line do not meet the requirements, the positions of the BDS/GNSS continuous operation reference stations and the level positions of the line are readjusted or increased; and performing BDS/GNSS continuous operation reference station encryption near an important work point in the determined route scheme by the key control engineering.
In the sixth step, the positions of the control points to be encrypted mainly comprise high-precision application scenes of tunnel portals comprising auxiliary channel portal lead measurement entry connection edges, bridge part structure fine lofting, track structure construction lofting, fine adjustment CP III network starting points and deformation monitoring reference points; forming a static relative positioning observation network by using observation data of more than 2 BDS/GNSS continuous operation reference stations provided by a BDS/GNSS continuous operation reference station network; and performing block adjustment by taking the coordinate of the adjacent BDS/GNSS continuous operation reference station as a constraint datum, and calculating the coordinate result of the control point.
In the method, the data sampling interval of local control point encryption is set to be 1 second; when the distance between the encryption control point and the peripheral adjacent BDS/GNSS continuous operation reference station is 10-15 kilometers, the length of an observation time period is prolonged, and the length of the observation time period is not less than 300 minutes; when the distance between the encryption control point and the peripheral adjacent BDS/GNSS continuous operation reference station is less than 10 kilometers, the length of the observation time interval is not less than 120 minutes; when the point observation mode is adopted, data inspection of a repeated baseline, a synchronous ring and an asynchronous ring is not carried out among different points.
In the method, when the tunnel portal connection side plane control network is used for measurement, not less than 3 plane control points of each portal are provided, and point positions adopt a forced observation pier form; the plane outside the tunnel controls the mesh points to be laid and measured at one time; the length of the hole outer connecting edge in the direction of transferring into the hole is larger than 500m, and is not shorter than 300m when difficult, and the maximum pitch angle is not larger than 5 degrees.
The invention has the following advantages:
in order to effectively solve the problems of step-by-step control, complex flow and high cost of the conventional precision measurement control networks CP0, CP I and CP II, a strip-shaped sparse BDS/GNSS continuous operation reference station is established at intervals of 20-30 kilometers along the central line of a railway to replace the traditional CP0 with a distance of 50 kilometers, so that a dynamic reference is provided for railway engineering measurement. The BDS/GNSS continuously running reference stations in strip-shaped sparse distribution jointly measure national high-level plane (B level and above) control points and height (second level and above) control points, and the reference stations adopt detachable and reusable roof forced observation piers, so that the BDS/GNSS continuously running reference stations can be used as railway plane control network reference points and railway height control points. After a plurality of BDS/GNSS CORS sites which are in band-shaped sparse distribution are networked, real-time network RTK (real-time kinematic) service can be provided for a station network coverage area and within 15 kilometers of the periphery of the station network coverage area, real-time dynamic measurement is carried out, a differential measurement technology with a rapid high-precision positioning function, namely RTK measurement, is realized by utilizing a carrier phase observation value through synchronous observation of a reference station and a mobile station, and the application requirements of railway engineering aerial photography platform positioning, topographic map surveying and mapping, work point map surveying and mapping, drilling lofting, empty point measurement, construction lofting, unmanned aerial vehicle platform operation positioning and vehicle machine dynamic positioning can be met. The network RTK service provided by the banded sparse CORS station network can solve most railway engineering measurement and positioning requirements, and replaces the CP I and CP II step-by-step development and measurement mode of the traditional railway engineering precision measurement control network. Meanwhile, a positioning reference can be provided for a total station corner measuring method, namely local control point encryption is carried out based on a point observation mode of BDS/GNSS CORS, and CP I and CP II of a traditional railway engineering precision measurement control network are replaced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a planar control network for the present method.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a three-level plane control network in the conventional railway engineering.
In the figure, 1 is a BDS/GNSS continuous operation reference station, and 2 is a control point.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific embodiments.
The invention relates to a control measurement method based on a railway Beidou/GNSS continuous operation reference station, which comprises the following steps:
(1) In the initial measurement stage of railway survey design, a BDS/GNSS Continuous Operation Reference Station (CORS) is established along the central line of a designed railway scheme at a distance of 20-30 kilometers, and the distance from the CORS station to the central line of the railway is not more than 5 kilometers, so that a CP0 point of a traditional precision measurement control network is replaced. In order to shorten the construction period and meet the requirement of later-stage repeated installation and use, the CORS station observation pier is suitable to adopt a detachable and reusable roof observation pier, a power supply mode combining commercial power, solar energy and a storage battery is adopted, and network transmission can provide common broadband service by using an operator nearby or a 4G/5G mobile communication card is arranged in a receiver. The CORS site receiver and antenna must be able to receive multi-satellite system multi-frequency point signals: BDS (B1/B2/B3), GPS (L1/L2/L5), GLONASS (L1/L2), galileo (E1/E5 a/E5B), QZSS (L1/L2/L5). The CORS station data sampling interval is 1 second, and the original observation data comprises pseudo range, carrier phase, doppler frequency shift, carrier-to-noise ratio, navigation message and the like.
(2) In the initial stage of railway survey design, a CORS site is jointly measured with a national plane B level point and a higher-level point above the national level B, and a CGCS2000 plane coordinate and a normal height of the CORS site are obtained. If the area along the railway has the similar geoid refinement model, the network RTK measurement provided by the CORS station network can directly obtain the normal height and can be directly used for railway engineering measurement. If the similar-to-large-ground level surface refinement is not carried out in the area along the railway, leveling points are distributed at intervals of 2 kilometers along the railway, leveling line measurement is carried out, elevation joint measurement is carried out on the leveling points and higher-level leveling points in the second grade or higher of the nation, and the elevation of each leveling point is obtained. The utility model discloses a centimeter level application of network RTK in preliminary survey, survey can be realized to the elevation achievement of being no less than 3 circuit levelling points after carrying out the elevation correction, including aerial photography platform, topographic map survey, worker's point map survey, drilling laying-out, like empty spot measurement, unmanned aerial vehicle platform operation location and vehicle machines dynamic positioning.
(3) The CORS station, the IGS station and the adjacent national continuous operation reference station network are combined for resolving, the three-dimensional geocentric coordinates can be dynamically updated, and dynamic space reference can be provided for other subsequent high-precision positioning requirements.
(4) After railway survey design determination (supplement determination) is completed, the line scheme is stable, the distribution positions of roadbed, bridge, tunnel and station work points are clear, and the leveling work of the elevation control network is completed on the whole line. For the CORS station established in the initial measurement stage, if the station spacing and the distance from the line do not meet the requirements, the CORS station positions and the line level positions can be readjusted or increased. The railway BDS/GNSS continuous operation reference station network is used for encrypting the CORS station near an important work point in a determined route scheme by combining the actual requirements of railway position service and informatization construction and combining the precision control measurement requirements of stations along the route, long and large tunnels (more than 20 kilometers), bridge monitors with extra-large and special structures and the like and key control engineering.
(5) After the design of the construction drawing is finished, the railway engineering construction unit determines each section construction unit through public bidding. After a construction unit enters a field, a series of works such as land red line measurement, camp construction, construction road lofting and engineering construction lofting under a railway line can be carried out by utilizing a banded BDS/GNSS continuous operation reference station network.
(6) During construction and operation, when the network RTK measurement accuracy provided by a CORS station network cannot meet application requirements and a total station corner measurement method is required, a BDS/GNSS static observation method can be adopted to encrypt a control point for total station orientation in a local area, and the position of the control point required to be encrypted mainly comprises high-accuracy application scenes such as a tunnel entrance (including an auxiliary channel opening) wire measurement entrance connection edge, fine layout of a bridge part structure, construction layout of a track structure, fine adjustment of a CP III network starting point, a deformation monitoring datum point and the like. And performing encryption measurement on the local control point by adopting a static point observation mode under a strip BDS/GNSS continuous operation reference station network, and forming a static relative positioning observation network by utilizing 2 or more CORS station observation data provided by the CORS network. And performing block adjustment by taking the coordinates of the adjacent CORS station as a constraint reference, and calculating the coordinate result of the control point. The GNSS equipment used for the encrypted measurement of the control point preferably supports the multi-frequency point signal receiving of the multi-satellite system: BDS (B1/B2/B3), GPS (L1/L2/L5), GLONASS (L1/L2), galileo (E1/E5 a/E5B) and QZSS (L1/L2/L5).
(7) Local control point encryption is carried out by adopting a point observation mode based on BDS/GNSS CORS, and the data sampling interval is preferably set to be 1 second. When the distance between the encryption control point and the peripheral adjacent BDS/GNSS CORS is 10-15 kilometers, the length of the observation time interval should be properly prolonged, and the length of the observation time interval is preferably not less than 300 minutes. When the distance between the encryption control point and the peripheral adjacent BDS/GNSS CORS is less than 10 kilometers, the observation period length is preferably not less than 120 minutes. When the point observation mode is adopted, data inspection of repeated base line, synchronous ring and asynchronous ring is not carried out among different points, but the base line data of the same point in different periods is subjected to quality inspection according to relevant regulations in railway engineering measurement Specification TB10101 and high-speed railway engineering measurement Specification TB 10601.
(8) When the BDS/GNSS CORS measurement method is adopted to measure the tunnel portal connection side plane control network, the number of each portal plane control point is not less than 3, and the point position adopts a forced observation pier form. The out-of-hole plane control mesh points are laid at one time, and measurement is completed at one time under BDS/GNSS CORS. The control points should be placed in a place where the visual field is wide, the visual field is good, the soil texture is solid and not easy to be damaged. The length of the hole outer connecting edge in the direction of transferring into the hole is preferably more than 500m, and is not shorter than 300m in difficult cases, and the maximum pitch angle is not more than 5 degrees.
(9) The complex super bridge and the important super bridge refer to super bridges with wide water surface, high piers, large spans, deep water foundations or foundation construction difficulty and complex beam part structures, and require high measurement positioning and lofting precision, and the network RTK measurement precision provided by a CORS station network cannot meet application requirements and needs to be encrypted at a control point under BDS/GNSS CORS. The roadbed and the non-wading bridge perform static observation encryption based on 2 or more adjacent CORS stations according to the requirements of site construction lofting, the data sampling interval is preferably set to be 1 second, and the observation time is 120 minutes. The adjacent encryption points need to be viewed in a general way, and different encryption sections reach 1 point of lap joint measurement. The transition sections of the road, the bridge and the tunnel share the same group of construction control points.
The invention is not limited to the examples, and any equivalent changes to the technical solution of the invention by a person skilled in the art after reading the description of the invention are covered by the claims of the invention.
Claims (4)
1. A control measurement method based on a railway Beidou/GNSS continuous operation reference station is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: in the initial stage of railway survey design, a BDS/GNSS continuous operation reference station is established along the central line of a designed railway scheme;
in the first step, a BDS/GNSS continuous operation reference station is established along the central line of the designed railway scheme according to the distance of 20-30 kilometers, the distance from the BDS/GNSS continuous operation reference station to the central line of the railway is not more than 5 kilometers, and a CP0 point of a traditional precision survey control network is replaced; the BDS/GNSS continuous operation reference station observation pier adopts a detachable and reusable roof observation pier, adopts a power supply mode combining commercial power, solar energy and a storage battery, and provides common broadband service by using an operator nearby in network transmission or embeds a 4G/5G mobile communication card in a receiver; the BDS/GNSS continuously operates a receiver and an antenna of a reference station site to receive multi-frequency point signals of a multi-satellite system, the data sampling interval is 1 second, and original observation data comprise pseudo range, carrier phase, doppler frequency shift, carrier-to-noise ratio and navigation message;
step two: performing joint measurement on a BDS/GNSS continuous operation reference station site, a national plane B level point and a national higher-level point more than the second grade to acquire CGCS2000 plane coordinates and normal height of the BDS/GNSS continuous operation reference station site;
in the second step, if the similar geoid refinement model exists in the area along the railway, the network RTK measurement provided by the BDS/GNSS continuous operation reference station network directly obtains the normal height and is directly used for railway engineering measurement; if no similar-to-large-ground level surface refinement is carried out in the area along the railway, leveling points are distributed along the railway at intervals of 2 kilometers, leveling line measurement is carried out, elevation joint measurement is carried out on the leveling points and higher-level leveling points in the second grade or higher of the nation, and the elevation of each leveling point is obtained; the elevation correction is carried out by utilizing the elevation results of not less than 3 line level points, and then centimeter-level application of network RTK in initial measurement and fixed measurement is realized, wherein the centimeter-level application comprises an aerial photography platform, topographic map surveying and mapping, work point map surveying and mapping, drilling lofting, empty point measurement, unmanned aerial vehicle platform operation positioning and vehicle machine dynamic positioning;
step three: the BDS/GNSS continuous operation reference station, the IGS station and the adjacent national continuous operation reference station network are combined for resolving, the three-dimensional geocentric coordinates are dynamically updated, and dynamic space reference is provided as other subsequent high-precision positioning requirements;
step four: after the railway survey design and the fixed measurement are finished, the leveling work of the elevation control network is finished on the whole line;
in the fourth step, for the BDS/GNSS continuous operation reference station established in the initial measurement stage, if the distance between stations and the distance from the line do not meet the requirements, the positions of the BDS/GNSS continuous operation reference stations and the level positions of the line are readjusted or increased; performing BDS/GNSS continuous operation reference station encryption near an important work point in a determined line scheme by a key control project;
step five: after the construction drawing is designed, a construction unit enters a field, and a series of works of railway land red line measurement, camp construction, construction road lofting and engineering construction lofting under a railway line are carried out by utilizing a banded BDS/GNSS continuous operation reference station network;
step six: during construction and operation, when network RTK measurement accuracy provided by a BDS/GNSS continuous operation reference station network cannot meet application requirements and a total station corner measurement method is adopted, a BDS/GNSS static observation method is adopted to encrypt a control point for total station orientation in a local area.
2. The control and measurement method based on the Beidou/GNSS continuous operation reference station for railways of claim 1, characterized in that:
in the sixth step, the positions of the control points to be encrypted comprise high-precision application scenes of tunnel entrance lead measurement entry connection edges, bridge part structure fine lofting, track structure construction lofting, fine adjustment CP III network starting points and deformation monitoring datum points; forming a static relative positioning observation network by using observation data of more than 2 BDS/GNSS continuous operation reference stations provided by a BDS/GNSS continuous operation reference station network; and performing block adjustment by taking the coordinate of the adjacent BDS/GNSS continuous operation reference station as a constraint reference, and calculating the coordinate result of the control point.
3. The control and measurement method based on the railway Beidou/GNSS continuous operation reference station as claimed in claim 2, wherein:
in the method, the data sampling interval of an encryption control point is set to be 1 second; when the distance between the encryption control point and the peripheral adjacent BDS/GNSS continuous operation reference station is 10-15 kilometers, the length of an observation period is prolonged, and the length of the observation period is not less than 300 minutes; when the distance between the encryption control point and the peripheral adjacent BDS/GNSS continuous operation reference station is less than 10 kilometers, the length of the observation period is not less than 120 minutes; when the point observation mode is adopted, data inspection of a repeated baseline, a synchronous ring and an asynchronous ring is not carried out among different points.
4. The control and measurement method based on the Beidou/GNSS continuous operation reference station for railways of claim 3, characterized in that:
in the method, when the tunnel portal connection side plane control network is used for measurement, not less than 3 plane control points of each portal are provided, and point positions adopt a forced observation pier form; the plane outside the hole controls the mesh points to be laid at one time and to be measured at one time; the length of the hole outer connecting edge in the direction of transferring into the hole is larger than 500m, and is not shorter than 300m when difficult, and the maximum pitch angle is not larger than 5 degrees.
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| CN114858143B (en) * | 2022-05-17 | 2023-05-23 | 武汉大学 | Device and method for transmitting plane control reference between subway stations based on GNSS static PPP |
| CN116182795B (en) * | 2023-04-27 | 2023-07-28 | 中国铁路设计集团有限公司 | Precision measurement method for vertical section of common speed railway |
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