CN107388950A - A kind of stereoscopic monitoring method of the land destruction feature of coal resources pit mining - Google Patents
A kind of stereoscopic monitoring method of the land destruction feature of coal resources pit mining Download PDFInfo
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- CN107388950A CN107388950A CN201710471941.7A CN201710471941A CN107388950A CN 107388950 A CN107388950 A CN 107388950A CN 201710471941 A CN201710471941 A CN 201710471941A CN 107388950 A CN107388950 A CN 107388950A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B7/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques
- G01B7/004—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques for measuring coordinates of points
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B21/00—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant
- G01B21/32—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant for measuring the deformation in a solid
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
- G01C5/00—Measuring height; Measuring distances transverse to line of sight; Levelling between separated points; Surveyors' levels
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of stereoscopic monitoring method of the land destruction feature of coal resources pit mining, comprise the following steps：Establish observation base point and coordinate control system；Lay easy encryption observation station；Lay rigid inclinometer pipe；Lay displacement transducer array；Branch's design of observation program.The present invention has taken into full account the characteristics of existing high tension coal mining technique, using modern measure technology and sensor technology as Main Means, in the overall process of exploitation, shallow strata deformation is deformed and ground fissure is overall as a research, on working face yardstick, system is carried out to land destruction feature, dynamically, fine monitoring, data acquired is enriched, possesses precision height, the characteristics of ageing strong, shallow strata deformation deformation rule and ground fissure genesis and development rule can be obtained, it can be the research compacting data basis of a mechanism for ecological compensation of this area, science reference is provided to formulate the land reclamation construction technology of science.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the monitoring technical field of engineering-environment.Broken more particularly to a kind of soil of coal resources pit mining
The stereoscopic monitoring method of bad feature.
Background technology
Predicted according to relevant expert, the ratio to the year two thousand fifty coal resources in China in the disposable energy resource consumption in China can still be kept
In 50% level, while power is provided for the national economic development, its recovery activity also causes coal resources to land resource
Different degrees of destruction, ground fissure, land subsidence, soil cover, soil erosion etc., the damage to land thus triggered
Area has exceeded 5,000,000 hm2, land reclamation and the work of land remediation be promoted to the aspect that national strategy develops already.
According to the regulation of the existing relevant laws and regulations in China, the main part of development of coal must be born by the land remediation duty destroyed
Appoint, by certain engineering technology means, impaired soil renovated, suits measures to local conditions, reaches available state,
And reclaim as far as possible to plough, therefore, the destructive characteristics in impaired soil must be found out first.Due to point of coal resources in China
Walk in extensive range, the occurrence condition of different zones coal is relative complex, forms several typical distribution characteristics, such as, western wind
Husky area, Loess Gullys, Mountain Area of Southwest area, central and east high underground water mining area etc., diversity is also presented in production practice, and soil is damaged
Obvious otherness is presented in feature.
In recent years, coal in China industry showed the developing state that moves westwards of strategy, Shanxi, Shaanxi, the Inner Mongol, Ningxia and
The proportion that the coal production that Xin Jiangwu is saved accounts for national total output has reached 70%, and ten million ton of mine, mine group and hundred million tons of mining areas are
So formed.Especially in the modern high intensity such as the infrared ray light shine of China western part Wind-sandy Area, high working face, super large working face, Fast Algorithm for Mining
Production technique is constantly updated and application so that the land destruction feature of this area shows new feature, working face extraction time
Short, migration velocity is fast, deformation is more concentrated, and exploits the influence cycle to land destruction and further reduces, the factor that is partially damaged is in
Reveal the phenomenon of selfreparing.Lack however, the research of this aspect is relative, land destruction is original particularly in exploitation overall process
The acquisition of data and it is accumulative be clearly present deficiency, the restoration of the ecosystem guiding opinion of this area can not be still formed, so as to cause portion
Divide the failure of repair.Therefore, need to solve following problem：
（1）Fast Algorithm for Mining, land destruction for western drift-sand coal field deform the features such as migration velocity is fast, it should establish new
The earth's surface monitoring method for meeting production practice, on this basis, determine monitoring object, monitoring means and observation program；
（2）Influence of the presence of the unconsolidated formations such as drift-sand to land destruction feature is also more obvious, therefore, it should which pine is covered in foundation
The stereoscopic monitoring method of land destruction feature including scattered layer.
The content of the invention
In view of this, the invention provides a kind of stereoscopic monitoring side of the land destruction feature of coal resources pit mining
Method, the stereo monitoring system including covering ground and part overlying rock is established, coal mine subsidence land layering can be obtained
Movement distortion rule and Ground Fractures ' Development feature.This method includes：Observation base station is established on subsidence basin ground, carries out net
Type is distributed rationally, and surface movement and deformation rule in recovery process is obtained using modern surveying means；On this basis, preferably ground cleave
Observation area is stitched, easy encryption observation station is laid, in mining active process, displacement transducer battle array is laid between observation station is encrypted
Row, according to the relative variation of displacement, obtain the development characteristics of ground fissure in recovery process；In observation, base station routed sideways are firm
Property inclinometer pipe, the movement distortion rule of below ground different layers position is established using inclinometer, while be Ground Fractures ' Development rule
Research provides abundant initial data.This method can be the three-dimensional prison of the land destruction feature of western drift-sand shallow overburden coal field
Survey and a kind of approach is provided.
The purpose of the present invention is realized in the following manner：
A kind of stereoscopic monitoring method of the land destruction feature of coal resources pit mining, comprises the following steps：
（1）Establish observation base point and coordinate control system：Before exploitation of coal resources, move towards center line along working face respectively and incline
To direction, up multiple observation base points, its spacing are equidistantly established in groundd 1 Span be 10-30m；Observation base point institute
The scope of covering must be over the border of subsidence basin；The plane coordinates of observation base point is synchronous static using more GPSs
Metering system is obtained, and elevation is then obtained by the way of the measurement of the level；
（2）Lay easy encryption observation station：In step（1）On the basis of, suitable ground fissure observation area is selected, by certain
Spacingd 2 The parallel center line that moves towards lays easy encryption observation station, forms many cracks line of observation；Same gap observation line
The spacing of upper encryption observation stationd 3 Should be equal；
（3）Lay rigid inclinometer pipe：Lay rigid inclinometer pipe respectively around the observation base point for moving towards center line, often save deviational survey
The length of pipe is 2.0-4.0m, and rigidity is be hinged；Before laying, boring extracting soil, boring aperture 10-20cm, drilling are first carried out
Depth is more than the thickness of unconsolidated formation；
（4）Lay displacement transducer array：In mining active process, according to mining progress, working face driving position and encryption are determined
Relativeness between observation station, using neighbouring encryption observation station, quickly newly there is the locus of ground fissure in demarcation；Sending out
The cracking maximum and steering position for educating obvious ground fissure lay displacement transducer respectively；Next day, new object of observation is demarcated,
Above-mentioned work is repeated, untill working face driving position exceedes the border in gap observation region；
（5）Branch's design of observation program：Before adopting, adopt in, adopt after in the overall process exploited to the plane coordinates of observation base point
Multiple observations are carried out with elevation, wherein, plane coordinates observation frequency 6-10 times；Elevation observation frequency 15-20 times, average observed frequency
Rate is 3-5 days/time, when exploiting to gap observation area, reduces observing frequency to 2 days/time；The observation of inclinometer pipe and observation base point are same
Step is carried out, the offset and deflection of record demarcation layer position；The observing frequency of ground fissure is 1 day/time, and records each displacement and pass
The displacement of sensor and the same day of working face promote position, until all objects being observed are stable, and advance of the face position surpasses
The distance for crossing crack area border adopts depth more than being averaged for working face.
In step（1）In, except described observation base point, more than 2 are also laid outside the scope that mining subsidence influences
Working standard point, for observation base point set up optimization GPS network type, be easy to the acquisition and resolving of data.
The material at the control point, structure, method for embedding are identical with observation base point, and embedded orientation need to deviate observation base point
The direction of line and its extended line, deviation angle is 30 ° -40 °, and must be positioned at unquarried region.
In step（2）In, ground fissure observation area is located at the basin bottom of subsidence basin, and the border of ground fissure observation area is with opening
The distance for cutting eye is more than 1.0 h 0 , whereinh 0 Averagely to adopt depth, m；The selection of ground fissure observation area is also contemplated that initial land form
Influence, before selection, the scope that should be covered to observation base point carries out engineer's scale less than 1:5000 topography mapping, passes through space
Analysis, filters out the small region in ground inclination angle.
The ground inclination angle preferably span is 0-10 °.
In step（2）In, gap observation line spacingd 2 Withd 1 It is equal, less than 0.5L, whereinLFor face width, m.
In step（2）In, easy observation station of encrypting is that the top length of side is equal to 5-10cm square, bottom is fined away, high
The timber spent between 0.8-1.5m, bury spacingd 3 It is less thanvNumerical value, wherein,vFor the per day mining progress of working face.
In step（3）In, the distance at the center of inclinometer pipe and the center of neighbouring observation base pointd 4 Less than or equal to 1.0m, must be
Same numerical value, and in the same side of observation base point, the top of the inclinometer pipe and the measurement accuracy of the discrepancy in elevation of neighbouring observation base point
Reach mm levels；The direction of the cross guide groove of inclinometer pipe should be respectively with moving towards center line and tendency centerline parallel；The deviational survey
The bottom of pipe, middle part and with being separately installed with sedimentation ring at unconsolidated formation and rock stratum interface equipotential.
In step（3）In, drilling depth is 15-30m in western Wind-sandy Area.
In step（4）In, every monitored ground fissure at least lays 3 displacement transducers, transmitting-receiving the two poles of the earth of sensor
Line should try one's best perpendicular to the trend in crack, and the initial distance of the two is less than or equal to 5.0cm；The transmitting-receiving two of the sensor
The height of pole is identical or across pitch direction front end it is one extremely slightly higher, the discrepancy in elevation is less than or equal to 3.0cm.
The present invention compared with prior art, has following obvious advantage：
A kind of stereoscopic monitoring method of the land destruction feature of coal resources pit mining proposed by the present invention, take into full account existing
There is the characteristics of high tension coal mining technique, using modern measure technology and sensor technology as Main Means, in the overall process of exploitation,
Shallow strata deformation is deformed and ground fissure is overall as a research, on working face yardstick, land destruction feature is carried out
System, dynamic, fine monitoring, data acquired are enriched, and possess the characteristics of precision is high, ageing strong, can obtain shallow stratum and move
Dynamic deformation rule and ground fissure genesis and development rule, it can be that data basis is tamped in the research of a mechanism for ecological compensation of this area, be
The land reclamation construction technology of formulation science provides science reference.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is geographical coordinates control system artwork in the present invention.
Fig. 2 is that observation base point GPS observes net type in the present invention.
Fig. 3 is working face top terrain slope and gap observation region in the present invention.
Fig. 4 is the encryption observation station in gap observation area in the present invention.
Fig. 5 is displacement transducer distribution map in the present invention.
Fig. 6 is the horizontal displacement curves of earth's surface in the present invention.
Fig. 7 is Ground Fractures ' Development feature in the present invention.
Wherein, 11 be working face productive limit；12 be observation base point；13 be working standard point；14 be working face trend
Center line；15 be working face line of dip；21 be common edge；22 be net type（Dashed polygon）；23 be net type（Solid line polygon）；
31 be gap observation region；41 be easy encryption observation station；51 be ground fissure；52 be displacement transducer；53 be sensor
Receiving pole；54 be the emitter stage of sensor.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
A kind of stereoscopic monitoring method of the land destruction feature of coal resources pit mining, comprises the following steps：
（1）Establish observation base point and coordinate control system：Before exploitation of coal resources, move towards center line along working face respectively and incline
To direction, up multiple observation base points, its spacing 10m are equidistantly established in ground；The scope that observation base point is covered is necessary
More than the border of subsidence basin, meet formula, wherein being the distance of outermost observation base point and open-off cut, averagely to adopt depth, be
Traveling angle, this example 120m；The plane coordinates of observation base point is obtained using more GPS synchronization static measurement modes, high
Cheng Ze is obtained by the way of the measurement of the level；Except described observation base point, also 2 are laid outside the scope that mining subsidence influences
Individual working standard point, for setting up the GPS network type of optimization with observation base point, it is easy to the acquisition and resolving of data.
The material at the control point, structure, method for embedding are identical with observation base point, and embedded orientation need to deviate observation base point
The direction of line and its extended line, deviation angle is 30 °, and must be positioned at unquarried region.
The observation mode connected using side, in each observation cycle, GPS receiver is set up on working standard point respectively all the time
Machine, initial net type is set up with multiple GPSs of observation base point, is observed simultaneously；The line of working standard point is as public
Side altogether, is remained stationary as, and after each observation period terminates, the GPS of observation base point moves forward successively, and new net type is formed with common edge,
Carry out successively, until completing the measurement work of all observation base point plane coordinates.
（2）Lay easy encryption observation station：In step（1）On the basis of, suitable ground fissure observation area is selected, is pressed
The parallel center line that moves towards of one determining deviation lays easy encryption observation station, forms many cracks line of observation；Same gap observation
The spacing that observation station is encrypted on line should be equal；Ground fissure observation area is located at the basin bottom of subsidence basin, ground fissure observation area
The distance of border and open-off cut is equal to 1.2, is 150m in this example；The selection of ground fissure observation area is also contemplated that initial land form
Influence, before selection, the scope covered to observation base point carries out engineer's scale 1:1000 topography mapping, by spatial analysis,
Filter out the small region in ground inclination angle, in this example, ground inclination angle span is 0-3 °.
Gap observation line spacing is with equal, and=0.5.
In step（2）In, easy observation station of encrypting is square of the top length of side equal to 5.0cm, bottom sharpening, height
Timber equal to 1.5m, the average height of crop out is 10cm, buries spacing d3=0.7.
（3）Lay rigid inclinometer pipe：Lay rigid inclinometer pipe respectively around the observation base point for moving towards center line, often save
The length of inclinometer pipe is 2.0m, and rigidity is be hinged；Before laying, boring extracting soil, boring aperture 10cm, drilling depth are first carried out
More than the thickness of unconsolidated formation；
Distance=the 0.5m at the center of inclinometer pipe and the center of neighbouring observation base point, must be same numerical value, and in the same of observation base point
Side, the top of inclinometer pipe and the measurement accuracy of the discrepancy in elevation of neighbouring observation base point reach mm levels；The cross guide groove of inclinometer pipe
Direction should be respectively with moving towards center line and tendency centerline parallel；The bottom of inclinometer pipe, middle part and handed over unconsolidated formation and rock stratum
Sedimentation ring is separately installed with junction equipotential.
Drilling mean depth is 15m.
（4）Lay displacement transducer array：In mining active process, according to mining progress, determine working face driving position with
The relativeness between observation station is encrypted, quickly demarcation newly the locus of ground fissure occurs using neighbouring encryption observation station；
Displacement transducer is laid respectively in the cracking maximum and steering position for developing obvious ground fissure；Next day, demarcate new observation
Object, above-mentioned work is repeated, untill working face driving position exceedes the border in gap observation region；
Every monitored ground fissure lays 5 displacement transducers, and the line at transmitting-receiving the two poles of the earth of sensor should try one's best perpendicular to splitting
The trend of seam, and the initial distance of the two is equal to 5cm；Omit one pole of the height across pitch direction front end at transmitting-receiving the two poles of the earth of sensor
Height, the average discrepancy in elevation is 3.0cm.
（5）Branch's design of observation program：Before adopting, adopt in, adopt after in the overall process exploited to the plane of observation base point
Coordinate and elevation carry out multiple observations, wherein, plane coordinates observation frequency 6 times；Elevation observation frequency 15 times, average observed frequency
For 5 days/time, when exploiting to gap observation area, observing frequency is reduced to 2 days/time；The observation of inclinometer pipe and the same stepping of observation base point
OK, the offset and deflection of record demarcation layer position；The observing frequency of ground fissure is 1 day/time, and records each displacement transducer
Displacement and same day of working face promote position, until all objects being observed are stable, and advance of the face position exceedes and split
The distance on seam area border adopts depth more than being averaged for working face.
Embodiment 2
A kind of stereoscopic monitoring method of the land destruction feature of coal resources pit mining, comprises the following steps：
（1）Establish observation base point and coordinate control system：Before exploitation of coal resources, move towards center line along working face respectively and incline
To direction, up multiple observation base points, its spacing 20m are equidistantly established in ground；The scope that observation base point is covered is necessary
It is 200m in this example more than the border of subsidence basin；The plane coordinates of observation base point is using the synchronous static survey of more GPSs
Amount mode is obtained, and elevation is then obtained by the way of the measurement of the level；Except described observation base point, also influenceed in mining subsidence
3 working standard points are laid outside scope, for setting up the GPS network type of optimization with observation base point, are easy to acquisition and the solution of data
Calculate.
The material at the control point, structure, method for embedding are identical with observation base point, and embedded orientation need to deviate observation base point
The direction of line and its extended line, deviation angle is 35 °, and must be positioned at unquarried region.
The observation mode connected using side, in each observation cycle, GPS receiver is set up on working standard point respectively all the time
Machine, initial net type is set up with multiple GPSs of observation base point, is observed simultaneously；With any two working standard point
Line remains stationary as, after each observation period terminates, the GPS of observation base point moves forward successively, is formed with common edge as common edge
New net type, carry out successively, until completing the measurement work of all observation base point plane coordinates.
（2）Lay easy encryption observation station：In step（1）On the basis of, suitable ground fissure observation area is selected, is pressed
The parallel center line that moves towards of one determining deviation lays easy encryption observation station, forms many cracks line of observation；Same gap observation
The spacing that observation station is encrypted on line should be equal；Ground fissure observation area is located at the basin bottom of subsidence basin, ground fissure observation area
The distance of border and open-off cut is equal to 1.3, is 230 m in this example；The selection of ground fissure observation area is also contemplated that initial land form
Influence, before selection, the scope that should be covered to observation base point carries out engineer's scale 1:2000 topography mapping, pass through space point
Analysis, filters out the small region in ground inclination angle, and ground inclination angle preferably span is 3-10 °.
Gap observation line spacing is with equal, and=0.45.
In step（2）In, easy observation station of encrypting is square of the top length of side equal to 8.0cm, bottom sharpening, height
Timber equal to 1.3m, after burying, the average height of crop out is 8.0cm, buries spacing=0.8.
（3）Lay rigid inclinometer pipe：Lay rigid inclinometer pipe respectively around the observation base point for moving towards center line, often save
The length of inclinometer pipe is 3.0m, and rigidity is be hinged；Before laying, boring extracting soil, boring aperture 15cm, drilling depth are first carried out
More than the thickness of unconsolidated formation；
Distance=the 0.8m at the center of inclinometer pipe and the center of neighbouring observation base point, must be same numerical value, and in the same of observation base point
Side, the top of inclinometer pipe and the measurement accuracy of the discrepancy in elevation of neighbouring observation base point reach mm levels；The cross guide groove of inclinometer pipe
Direction should be respectively with moving towards center line and tendency centerline parallel；The bottom of inclinometer pipe, middle part and handed over unconsolidated formation and rock stratum
Sedimentation ring is separately installed with junction equipotential.
Drilling mean depth is 20m.
（4）Lay displacement transducer array：In mining active process, according to mining progress, determine working face driving position with
The relativeness between observation station is encrypted, quickly demarcation newly the locus of ground fissure occurs using neighbouring encryption observation station；
Displacement transducer is laid respectively in the cracking maximum and steering position for developing obvious ground fissure；Next day, demarcate new observation
Object, above-mentioned work is repeated, untill working face driving position exceedes the border in gap observation region；
Every monitored ground fissure lays 4 displacement transducers, and the line at transmitting-receiving the two poles of the earth of sensor should try one's best perpendicular to splitting
The trend of seam, and the initial distance of the two is equal to 4.0cm；The height identical across pitch direction front end at transmitting-receiving the two poles of the earth of sensor
One is extremely slightly higher, discrepancy in elevation 2.0cm.
（5）Branch's design of observation program：Before adopting, adopt in, adopt after in the overall process exploited to the plane of observation base point
Coordinate and elevation carry out multiple observations, wherein, plane coordinates observation frequency 8 times；Elevation observation frequency 17 times, average observed frequency
For 4 days/time, when exploiting to gap observation area, observing frequency is reduced to 2 days/time；The observation of inclinometer pipe and the same stepping of observation base point
OK, the offset and deflection of record demarcation layer position；The observing frequency of ground fissure is 1 day/time, and records each displacement transducer
Displacement and same day of working face promote position, until all objects being observed are stable, and advance of the face position exceedes and split
The distance on seam area border adopts depth more than being averaged for working face.
Embodiment 3
A kind of stereoscopic monitoring method of the land destruction feature of coal resources pit mining, comprises the following steps：
（1）Establish observation base point and coordinate control system：Before exploitation of coal resources, move towards center line along working face respectively and incline
To direction, up multiple observation base points, its spacing 30m are equidistantly established in ground；The scope that observation base point is covered is necessary
More than the border of subsidence basin；The plane coordinates of observation base point is obtained using more GPS synchronization static measurement modes, high
Cheng Ze is obtained by the way of the measurement of the level；Except described observation base point, also 3 are laid outside the scope that mining subsidence influences
Individual control point, for setting up the GPS network type of optimization with observation base point, it is easy to the acquisition and resolving of data.
The material at the control point, structure, method for embedding are identical with observation base point, and embedded orientation need to deviate observation base point
The direction of line and its extended line, deviation angle is 40 °, and must be positioned at unquarried region.
The observation mode connected using side, in each observation cycle, GPS receiver is set up on working standard point respectively all the time
Machine, initial net type is set up with multiple GPSs of observation base point, is observed simultaneously；With any two working standard point
Line remains stationary as, after each observation period terminates, the GPS of observation base point moves forward successively, is formed with common edge as common edge
New net type, carry out successively, until completing the measurement work of all observation base point plane coordinates.
（2）Lay easy encryption observation station：In step（1）On the basis of, suitable ground fissure observation area is selected, is pressed
The parallel center line that moves towards of one determining deviation lays easy encryption observation station, forms many cracks line of observation；Same gap observation
The spacing that observation station is encrypted on line should be equal；Ground fissure observation area is located at the basin bottom of subsidence basin, ground fissure observation area
The distance of border and open-off cut is equal to 1.5, is 310m in this example；The selection of ground fissure observation area is also contemplated that initial land form
Influence, before selection, the scope that should be covered to observation base point carries out engineer's scale 1:2000 topography mapping, pass through space point
Analysis, filters out the small region in ground inclination angle, and ground inclination angle preferably span is 3-10 °.
Gap observation line spacing is with equal, and=0.4.
In step（2）In, easy observation station of encrypting is square of the top length of side equal to 10cm, bottom sharpening, height
Timber equal to 1.0m, the average height of crop out is 5.0cm, buries spacing=0.9.
（3）Lay rigid inclinometer pipe：Lay rigid inclinometer pipe respectively around the observation base point for moving towards center line, often save
The length of inclinometer pipe is 4.0m, and rigidity is be hinged；Before laying, boring extracting soil is first carried out, boring aperture 20.0cm, drilling is deeply
Thickness of the degree more than unconsolidated formation；
Distance=the 1.0m at the center of inclinometer pipe and the center of neighbouring observation base point, must be same numerical value, and in the same of observation base point
Side, the top of inclinometer pipe and the measurement accuracy of the discrepancy in elevation of neighbouring observation base point reach mm levels；The cross guide groove of inclinometer pipe
Direction should be respectively with moving towards center line and tendency centerline parallel；The bottom of inclinometer pipe, middle part and handed over unconsolidated formation and rock stratum
Sedimentation ring is separately installed with junction equipotential.
Drilling depth is 30m in western Wind-sandy Area.
（4）Lay displacement transducer array：In mining active process, according to mining progress, determine working face driving position with
The relativeness between observation station is encrypted, quickly demarcation newly the locus of ground fissure occurs using neighbouring encryption observation station；
Displacement transducer is laid respectively in the cracking maximum and steering position for developing obvious ground fissure；Next day, demarcate new observation
Object, above-mentioned work is repeated, untill working face driving position exceedes the border in gap observation region；
Every monitored ground fissure lays 3 displacement transducers, line the walking perpendicular to crack at transmitting-receiving the two poles of the earth of sensor
To, and the initial distance of the two is equal to 3.0cm；The one of the height across pitch direction front end at transmitting-receiving the two poles of the earth of sensor is extremely slightly higher,
The discrepancy in elevation is 1.0cm.
（5）Branch's design of observation program：Before adopting, adopt in, adopt after in the overall process exploited to the plane of observation base point
Coordinate and elevation carry out multiple observations, wherein, plane coordinates observation frequency 10 times；Elevation observation frequency 20 times, average observed frequency
Rate is 3 days/time, when exploiting to gap observation area, reduces observing frequency to 2 days/time；The observation of inclinometer pipe is synchronous with observation base point
Carry out, the offset and deflection of record demarcation layer position；The observing frequency of ground fissure is 1 day/time, and records each displacement sensing
The displacement of device and the same day of working face promote position, until all objects being observed are stable, and advance of the face position exceedes
The distance on crack area border adopts depth more than being averaged for working face.
By taking the data processing of embodiment 1 as an example, calculate the space coordinates of each observation base point respectively, as a result as shown in fig. 6,
By mining subsidence and spacial analytical method, quantitative analysis can be carried out to surface movement and deformation caused by exploitation.Counting
When calculation inclinometer pipe surveys horizontal displacement and the settling amount of each layer position, horizontal displacement and the settling amount for closing on observation station should be added；Position
Displacement sensor is acquired to the metric data daily with the period, numbered, in data processing, should be subtracted by data collecting card
Corresponding initial distance is removed, it is as shown in Figure 7 that ground fissure observes data.The data processing method of other embodiment is same as above.
Above-described is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is noted that for those skilled in the art,
Under the premise of general idea of the present invention is not departed from, some changes and improvements can also be made, these should also be considered as the present invention's
Protection domain.
Claims (10)
- A kind of 1. stereoscopic monitoring method of the land destruction feature of coal resources pit mining, it is characterised in that：Including following step Suddenly：（1）Establish observation base point and coordinate control system：Before exploitation of coal resources, move towards center line along working face respectively and incline To direction, up multiple observation base points, its spacing are equidistantly established in groundd 1 Span be 10-30m；Observation base point institute The scope of covering must be over the border of subsidence basin；The plane coordinates of observation base point is synchronous static using more GPSs Metering system is obtained, and elevation is then obtained by the way of the measurement of the level；（2）Lay easy encryption observation station：In step（1）On the basis of, suitable ground fissure observation area is selected, by certain Spacingd 2 The parallel center line that moves towards lays easy encryption observation station, forms many cracks line of observation；Same gap observation line The spacing of upper encryption observation stationd 3 Should be equal；（3）Lay rigid inclinometer pipe：Lay rigid inclinometer pipe respectively around the observation base point for moving towards center line, often save deviational survey The length of pipe is 2.0-4.0m, and rigidity is be hinged；Before laying, boring extracting soil, boring aperture 10-20cm, drilling are first carried out Depth is more than the thickness of unconsolidated formation；（4）Lay displacement transducer array：In mining active process, according to mining progress, working face driving position and encryption are determined Relativeness between observation station, using neighbouring encryption observation station, quickly newly there is the locus of ground fissure in demarcation；Sending out The cracking maximum and steering position for educating obvious ground fissure lay displacement transducer respectively；Next day, new object of observation is demarcated, Above-mentioned work is repeated, untill working face driving position exceedes the border in gap observation region；（5）Branch's design of observation program：Before adopting, adopt in, adopt after in the overall process exploited to the plane coordinates of observation base point Multiple observations are carried out with elevation, wherein, plane coordinates observation frequency 6-10 times；Elevation observation frequency 15-20 times, average observed frequency Rate is 3-5 days/time, when exploiting to gap observation area, reduces observing frequency to 2 days/time；The observation of inclinometer pipe and observation base point are same Step is carried out, the offset and deflection of record demarcation layer position；The observing frequency of ground fissure is 1 day/time, and records each displacement and pass The displacement of sensor and the same day of working face promote position, until all objects being observed are stable, and advance of the face position surpasses The distance for crossing crack area border adopts depth more than being averaged for working face.
- 2. the stereoscopic monitoring method of the land destruction feature of coal resources pit mining according to claim 1, its feature It is：In step（1）In, except described observation base point, the work of more than 2 is also laid outside the scope that mining subsidence influences Make datum mark, for setting up the GPS network type of optimization with observation base point, be easy to the acquisition and resolving of data.
- 3. the stereoscopic monitoring method of the land destruction feature of coal resources pit mining according to claim 2, its feature It is：The material at the control point, structure, method for embedding are identical with observation base point, and embedded orientation need to deviate the company of observation base point The direction of line and its extended line, deviation angle is 30 ° -40 °, and must be positioned at unquarried region.
- 4. the stereoscopic monitoring method of the land destruction feature of coal resources pit mining according to claim 1, its feature It is：In step（2）In, ground fissure observation area is located at the basin bottom of subsidence basin, and the border of ground fissure observation area is cut with opening The distance of eye is more than 1.0 h 0 , whereinh 0 Averagely to adopt depth, m；The selection of ground fissure observation area is it is also contemplated that the shadow of initial land form Ring, before selection, the scope that should be covered to observation base point carries out engineer's scale less than 1:5000 topography mapping, pass through space point Analysis, filters out the small region in ground inclination angle.
- 5. the stereoscopic monitoring method of the land destruction feature of coal resources pit mining according to claim 4, its feature It is：The ground inclination angle preferably span is 0-10 °.
- 6. the stereoscopic monitoring method of the land destruction feature of coal resources pit mining according to claim 1, its feature It is：In step（2）In, gap observation line spacingd 2 Withd 1 It is equal, less than 0.5L, whereinLFor face width, m.
- 7. the stereoscopic monitoring method of the land destruction feature of coal resources pit mining according to claim 1, its feature It is：In step（2）In, easy observation station of encrypting is that the top length of side is equal to 5-10cm square, bottom is fined away, height is situated between Timber between 0.8-1.5m, bury spacingd 3 It is less thanvNumerical value, wherein,vFor the per day mining progress of working face.
- 8. the stereoscopic monitoring method of the land destruction feature of coal resources pit mining according to claim 1, its feature It is：In step（3）In, the distance at the center of inclinometer pipe and the center of neighbouring observation base pointd 4 Must be same less than or equal to 1.0m One numerical value, and reached in the same side of observation base point, the top of the inclinometer pipe and the measurement accuracy of the discrepancy in elevation of neighbouring observation base point To mm levels；The direction of the cross guide groove of inclinometer pipe should be respectively with moving towards center line and tendency centerline parallel；The inclinometer pipe Bottom, middle part and with being separately installed with sedimentation ring at unconsolidated formation and rock stratum interface equipotential.
- 9. the stereoscopic monitoring method of the land destruction feature of coal resources pit mining according to claim 1, its feature It is：In step（3）In, drilling depth is 15-30m in western Wind-sandy Area.
- 10. the stereoscopic monitoring method of the land destruction feature of coal resources pit mining according to claim 1, its feature It is：In step（4）In, every monitored ground fissure at least lays 3 displacement transducers, the company at transmitting-receiving the two poles of the earth of sensor Line should try one's best perpendicular to the trend in crack, and the initial distance of the two is less than or equal to 5.0cm；Transmitting-receiving the two poles of the earth of the sensor Highly identical or across pitch direction front end one is extremely slightly higher, and the discrepancy in elevation is less than or equal to 3.0cm.
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