CN104267449A - Method for detecting coal mining earth surface crack patterns - Google Patents
Method for detecting coal mining earth surface crack patterns Download PDFInfo
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- CN104267449A CN104267449A CN201410469614.4A CN201410469614A CN104267449A CN 104267449 A CN104267449 A CN 104267449A CN 201410469614 A CN201410469614 A CN 201410469614A CN 104267449 A CN104267449 A CN 104267449A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for detecting coal mining earth surface crack patterns. The method comprises the following steps that first, the distribution range of cracks is determined in a detecting area; second, a tracer agent capable of sensing detection radar is added the crack to be detected; third, a plurality of detection lines at equal intervals are evenly distributed on the two sides of the crack to be detected; one detection line is selected from each of the two sides of the crack to be detected, a transmitting antenna is arranged on one detection line, and a receiving antenna is arranged on the other detection line; fourth, the receiving antenna and the transmitting antenna are dragged simultaneously on the two sides of crack to be detected at a constant speed, the receiving antenna and the transmitting antenna are made to make synchronous movement along the crack to be detected on the two sides of the crack to be detected; fifth, signals or image data are processed, and the pattern of the crack to be detected is obtained.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to soil and environmental monitoring technology field, particularly relate to a kind of detection method of the coal mining surface cracks form based on tracer agent.
Background technology
Soil and coal resources are mankind's valuable source of depending on for existence and development and assets, the exploitation of coal resources while tremendous contribution is made in the development for national economy, geologic hazards such as having caused land subsidence, destroyed, covered.In China, the various complexity of occurrence condition of coal, more than 90% of coal in China output stems from pit mining more, exacerbates the existence of this phenomenon further.In order to meet the demand of rapid economic development, as the coal resources extractive industry fast development of energy main body, present the feature such as high tension coal mining, clustering, the scope of soil damage further expands.
Ground fissure is as the form of expression the most intuitively of destruction of surface after exploitation of coal resources, the development & construction activity in its genesis and development rule and colliery is closely related, all the more the concern of various circles of society is received, particularly the ground fissure of workplace or section boundary is difficult to healing, especially when crack and goaf through time, easily to leak out, routed water, the security incidents such as routed sand, production unit generally adopts and monitors at any time, sandy soil, the filling of spoil and slurry such as to bury at the measure, but regulation effect is often not good, exist and " treat the head when the head aches, pin pain cure pin " phenomenon, it is unclear that its key issue is exactly the form of ground fissure in unconsolidated formation and underground degree of expansion.
At present, for the detection of ground fissure, some scholars utilizes the degree of depth of elastic wave, ultrasonic listening construct internal fissure, also has by the mode excavated of being in the milk on the spot, but this mode is used for product test, the detection of the fracture morphology treating search coverage can't be used for.
Summary of the invention
In view of this, the object of the invention is to overcome defect of the prior art, there is provided a kind of based on the coal mining earth's surface of tracer agent or the detection method of coal mine subsidence land fracture morphology, by pouring into the tracer agent to sensitive to electromagnetic waves in crack, the electrical property difference of artificial increase ground fissure and surrounding soil, utilize high-frequency detection radar system, realize the acquisition of ground fissure form comparatively accurately, for the filling reclamation activities of mining area ground fissure and scheme provide the foundation of science.
The detection method of a kind of surface cracks form of mining that technical solution of the present invention provides, comprises the steps: step 1: the distribution range determining crack in search coverage, and selects crack described in wherein one or more to detect; Step 2: add the tracer agent responded to detection radar in described crack to be detected, wherein said detection radar comprises radar host computer, emitting antenna and receiving antenna, and described emitting antenna and described receiving antenna communicate to connect with described radar host computer respectively; Step 3: be furnished with many equally spaced detection lines in the both sides in described crack to be detected equably; A described detection line is chosen respectively in the both sides in described crack to be detected, two that are selected described detection lines are equal with the distance in described described crack to be detected, described emitting antenna arranged by a described detection line wherein, described receiving antenna arranged by another described detection line, and the line between described emitting antenna with described receiving antenna is vertical with described crack to be detected; Step 4: simultaneously at the uniform velocity drag described receiving antenna and described emitting antenna in the both sides in described crack to be detected, described receiving antenna and described emitting antenna are synchronized with the movement along described crack to be detected in the both sides in described crack to be detected, simultaneously, described emitting antenna sends the first signal data to described receiving antenna, described first signal data is becoming secondary signal data after described crack to be detected and tracer agent, and described receiving antenna receives secondary signal data; Step 5: process described first signal data and described secondary signal data, obtain the form in described crack to be detected.
Further, this detection method also comprises the steps: successively to perform described step 3 and step 4 from apart from the nearest described detection line in described crack to be detected on the described detection line farthest of described crack to be detected, finally perform described step 5, obtain the form in described crack to be detected.
Further, also step 11 is comprised: treat search coverage and carry out subsidence forecast in described step 1, draw a circle to approve the distribution range in described crack, on this basis, comprehensive analysis region to be detected overlying strata lithology, mining type, mining geologic condition, and be analyzed to the similar district of fief, determine the correlation parameter of subsidence forecast, and surface movement and deformation is simulated, with horizontal stretch value for foundation, determine the distribution range in described crack.
Further, in described step 2, also comprise step 21: slowly poured in described crack by described tracer agent, until described tracer agent is filled to ground elevation.
Further, in described step 4, also comprise step 41: constantly window, stacking fold and sampling rate during adjustment sampling, detect described in every bar and line repeats detection be no less than 3 times.
Further, the centre frequency of described detection radar is between 50MHZ-200MHZ.
Further, described tracer agent is can increase and the metal powder of crack surrounding soil difference in dielectric constant or metal sand or gypsum slurry.。
Further, described gypsum slurry is formed by the potpourri of standard gypsum powder and tap water, and the mass ratio of described standard gypsum powder and described tap water is between 1:1-3:2.
Further, described detection line is parallel with described crack to be detected, and the length of described detection line is greater than the length in described crack to be detected.
Further, be furnished with at least 3 described detection lines in every side in described crack to be detected, wherein said detection line middle distance described crack maximum distance to be detected is no more than 1m.
Adopt technique scheme, there is following beneficial effect:
The detection method of a kind of surface cracks form of mining provided by the invention, provide the defining method of fracture spaces distribution range, for object to be detected provides the reference of locus, on this basis, adopt high precision, high-resolution high-frequency detection radar system is as carrier, and by changing the electrical property difference between crack surrounding soil and hole, pouring into by tracer agent, increase ground fissure perception region to electromagnetic responding ability, form for coal mining surface cracks obtains and provides complete reliable data, and then to provide the foundation support for the filling Treatment process of research coal-mining subsidence ground fissure and the design of engineering.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the step schematic diagram of the detection method of a kind of surface cracks form of mining provided by the invention;
Fig. 2 is for determining fracture distribution scope schematic diagram;
Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram that detection line is distributed in both sides, crack to be measured;
Fig. 4 uses detection radar to carry out the schematic diagram detected.
The Reference numeral table of comparisons:
1-coal seam; 2-rock stratum; 3-earth's surface;
4-crack; 5-detects line; 6-detection radar;
61-radar host computer; 62-emitting antenna; 63-receiving antenna;
7-tracer agent.
Embodiment
The specific embodiment of the present invention is further illustrated below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
As Figure 1-4, the detection method of a kind of surface cracks form of mining provided by the invention, comprises the steps:
Step 1: the distribution range determining crack in search coverage, and select one or more crack 4 wherein to detect;
Step 2: add the tracer agent 7 responded to detection radar 6 in crack 4 to be detected, wherein detection radar 6 comprises radar host computer 61, emitting antenna 62 and receiving antenna 63, and emitting antenna 62 and receiving antenna 63 communicate to connect with radar host computer 61 respectively;
Step 3: be furnished with many equally spaced detection lines 5 in the both sides in crack 4 to be detected equably; A detection line 5 is chosen respectively in the both sides in crack 4 to be detected, the two detection lines 5 be selected are equal with the distance in crack 4 to be detected, emitting antenna 62 arranged by a detection line 5 wherein, receiving antenna 63 arranged by another detection line 5, and the line between emitting antenna 62 with receiving antenna 63 is vertical with crack 4 to be detected;
Step 4: at the uniform velocity drag receiving antenna 63 and emitting antenna 62 in the both sides in crack 4 to be detected simultaneously, receiving antenna 63 and emitting antenna 62 are synchronized with the movement along crack 4 to be detected in the both sides in crack 4 to be detected,
Meanwhile, emitting antenna 62 sends the first signal data to receiving antenna 63, and the first signal data is becoming secondary signal data after crack 4 to be detected and tracer agent 7, and receiving antenna 63 receives secondary signal data;
Step 5: process the first signal data and secondary signal data, obtains the form in crack 4 to be detected.
A kind of detection method of mining surface cracks form provided by the invention is mainly used in the form detection of coal mining surface cracks, and fracture morphology refers to shape and the state of the aspects such as fracture width, the degree of depth, divergence.
This detection method comprises following steps:
(1) determine the distribution range in crack 4 in search coverage, and select one or more crack 4 wherein to detect.
(2) selection of tracer agent 7: tracer agent 7 can increase and crack surrounding soil difference in dielectric constant, and be easy to be detected radar 6 and respond.In crack 4 to be detected, increase the tracer agent 7 to electromagnetic response degree sensitivity, the artificial electrical property difference increasing crack 4 and surrounding soil, improve the reflection coefficient of electromagnetic wave at crack-soil contact, to obtain crack information more galore.
(3) layout of line 5 is detected: lay many equidistant or approximate equally spaced detection lines 5 in the both sides in crack 4, detection line 5 answers parallel fracture 4 to expand on earth's surface 3.Preferably, five equidistant or approximate equally spaced detection lines 5 are laid respectively in the both sides in crack 4.
(4) selection of detecting devices and site layout project: adopt high-precision detection radar 6 as detecting devices, utilize the pulse electromagnetic wave of the high frequency that its emitting antenna 62 is launched, receiving antenna 63 receives, realize the detection of the latent form (information such as the degree of depth, expansion) in crack 4.
Crack 4 both sides choose respectively one detection line 5, detection line 5 and crack 4 are apart from approximately equal, an emitting antenna 62 laid by a detection line 5 chosen, a receiving antenna 63 arranged by another detection line 5, and near normal is answered in the line between emitting antenna 62 and receiving antenna 63 and crack 4.At the uniform velocity drag emitting antenna 62 and receiving antenna 63 in the both sides in crack 4 simultaneously, receiving antenna 63 and emitting antenna 62 be synchronized with the movement along crack 4 to be detected in the both sides in crack 4 to be detected,
Meanwhile, emitting antenna 62 sends the first signal data to receiving antenna 63, and the first signal data is becoming secondary signal data after crack 4 to be detected and tracer agent 7, and receiving antenna 63 receives secondary signal data,
(5) Effect on Detecting: pass through software kit, the first signal data obtain detection radar and secondary signal data or the view data that converted to by the first signal data and secondary signal data process, extract the information in crack 4, obtain the degree of depth in crack 4 and the degree of expansion in crack, different layers position 4, by Visualization Modeling, finally obtain the form in crack 4 or the description of fracture morphology section.
Thus, the detection method of a kind of surface cracks form of mining provided by the invention, provide the defining method of fracture spaces distribution range, for object to be detected provides the reference of locus, on this basis, adopt high precision, high-resolution high-frequency detection radar system is as carrier, and by changing the electrical property difference between crack surrounding soil and hole, pouring into by tracer agent, increase ground fissure perception region to electromagnetic responding ability, form for coal mining surface cracks obtains and provides complete reliable data, and then to provide the foundation support for the filling Treatment process of research coal-mining subsidence ground fissure and the design of engineering.
Preferably, this detection method also comprises the steps: successively to perform step 3 and step 4 from apart from the nearest detection line 5 in crack 4 to be detected on the detection line 5 farthest of crack 4 to be detected, finally performs step 5, obtains the form in crack 4 to be detected.
Measure from one nearest apart from crack 4 to be detected detection line 5, until measured on the detection line 5 farthest of crack 4 to be detected, on every bar detection line 5, all perform and successively performed step 3 and step 4, finally perform step 5, more fully to obtain the form in crack 4 to be detected.
Preferably, also step 11 is comprised in above-mentioned steps 1:
Treat search coverage and carry out subsidence forecast, the distribution range in delineation crack 4: comprehensive analysis region to be detected overlying strata lithology, structure, mining type, mining geologic condition, and be analyzed to the similar district of fief, determine the correlation parameter of subsidence forecast, carry out surface movement and deformation to simulate, with horizontal stretch value for foundation, determine the space distribution scope in described crack.
Particularly, the probability integration process of mining subsidence is utilized to carry out subsidence forecast to plan search coverage, the distribution range in preliminary delineation crack 4.Utilize the comprehensive mining engineering plan in mining area, in conjunction with the production program of bargh, determine to intend search coverage; On this basis, search coverage overlying strata lithology, structure and mining geologic condition are intended in comprehensive analysis, and be analyzed to the similar district of fief, determine the correlation parameter of subsidence forecast, probability integration process is utilized to simulate surface movement and deformation, with horizontal stretch value for foundation, determine the distribution range in crack, form Fig. 2.Bottom is coal seam 1, and the above is n layer rock stratum 2, then is earth's surface 3 above, and crack 4 is formed on earth's surface 3.
Concrete modeling Simulation is as follows: utilize mining area digging composite plane, extracts 4 the flex point coordinates and border of intending border, detection operations face, forms CAD map; According to the back production geology instructions of workplace, the lithology of overlying strata stone and structure on comprehensive analysis coal seam, obtain the buried depth h in coal seam, the mining such as seam inclination geologic condition, the surface movement and deformation rule of some workplaces (adopting) is similarly found in contiguous mining area, carry out analogy analysis, determine this working face mining form the predicting parameters of surface movement and deformation rule, comprise subsidence factor q, displacement factor b, major effect angle tangent tan β and deviation of inflection point; On this basis, utilize MSPS depression software of forecasting to carry out prediction of mining subsidence, using the threshold value that horizontal stretch value 3mm/m produces as crack, obtain region and the scope of crack 4 distribution, extract the volume coordinate of unique point.
The stretcher strain estimated should be greater than a certain threshold value, the critical condition that this threshold value produces as ground fissure, and table soil is the clay that plasticity is larger, and this threshold value should be greater than 6mm/m, and when being the sandy clay and shaly sand that plasticity is less for table soil, this threshold value should be greater than 3mm/m.
The distributed areas in crack 4 should in conjunction with the many index such as underground mining, sand coated iron mold, prediction of mining subsidence should comprise the major parameters such as subsidence factor, displacement factor, major effect angle tangent and deviation of inflection point, and MSPS depression forecast system can be selected as carrier.
Preferably, also comprise step 21 in step 2 above: slowly poured in crack 4 by tracer agent 7, until tracer agent 7 is filled to ground elevation.Tracer agent 7 can increase the electrical property difference of crack and surrounding soil, improve the reflection coefficient of electromagnetic wave at crack-soil contact, by in tracer agent 7 slowly perfusion crack 4, until be filled to ground elevation, be conducive to improving the reflection coefficient of electromagnetic wave at crack-soil contact, the change between the first signal that monitoring radar sends and the secondary signal received.
Preferably, in above-mentioned steps 4, also step 41 is comprised:
Window, stacking fold and sampling rate during continuous adjustment sampling, every bar detection line 5 repeats detection and is no less than 3 times.During operation, two staff with etc. step pitch emitting antenna at the uniform velocity and receiving antenna, avoid the appearance suddenly moving phenomenon as far as possible, radar host computer operating personnel mark the reference position of survey line on radar host computer 61, the sampling parameter such as window, stacking fold and sampling rate during continuous adjustment sampling, often organize identical sampling parameter condition, repeat detection 3 times, to obtaining best radar signal data or view data.
Preferably, the centre frequency of detection radar 6 is between 50MHZ-200MHZ.According to being detected the quality information such as regional soil content, under the prerequisite taking into account investigation depth and detection accuracy, selection centre frequency is the carrier of detection radar 6 as acquisition of information of 50MHZ-200MHZ, and crack 4 is detected, the antenna system of transceiver can not be adopted, emitting antenna 62 should be separated with receiving antenna 63, and emitting antenna 62 and receiving antenna 63 centre frequency are all between 50MHZ-200MHZ.
Preferably, tracer agent 7 is can increase and the metal powder of crack surrounding soil difference in dielectric constant or metal sand or gypsum slurry.The grain diameter of metal powder or metal sand is between 0.5mm-3mm.
Tracer agent 7 can choose powder, the sand material of the metal quality to sensitive to electromagnetic waves, such as iron sand etc., and grain diameter between 0.5mm-3mm, should be beneficial to and tracer agent 7 is fed into crack 4.
Due to above-mentioned metal powder or sand price higher, also preferably can select gypsum slurry, reduce use cost.
Preferably, gypsum slurry is formed by the potpourri of standard gypsum powder and tap water, and the mass ratio of standard gypsum powder and tap water is between 1:1-3:2.That is, gypsum slurry is mixed according to mass ratio combination in any between 1:1-3:2 by standard gypsum powder and tap water.Gypsum slurry is cheap, can reduce detection cost widely.
Preferably, as shown in Figure 3-4, detection line 5 is parallel with crack 4 to be detected, and the length of detection line 5 is greater than the length in crack 4 to be detected.According to the length in the crack 4 be poured, be parallel to both sides, crack 4 and lay equally spaced detection line 5, the length of detection line 5 is greater than the length in crack 4 to be detected.Preferably, the length of detection line 5 is about 2 times of crack 4, and the initiating terminal of detection line 5 exceeds the half of perfusion crack 4 length respectively, improves detection accuracy.
Preferably, be furnished with at least 3 detection lines 5 in every side in crack 4 to be detected, crack 4 maximum distance wherein detecting line 5 middle distance to be detected is no more than 1m.Detect the maximum distance of line 5 apart from crack 4 no more than 1m, every side is laid and is no less than 3 detection lines 4, can detect crack state better.
The detection method of a kind of surface cracks form of mining provided by the invention, by pouring into the tracer agent to sensitive to electromagnetic waves in crack, the electrical property difference of artificial increase ground fissure and surrounding soil, utilize high-frequency detection radar system, realize the acquisition of ground fissure form comparatively accurately, for the filling reclamation activities of mining area ground fissure and scheme provide the foundation of science.
As required, above-mentioned each technical scheme can be combined, to reach best-of-breed technology effect.
Above-described is only principle of the present invention and preferred embodiment.It should be pointed out that for the person of ordinary skill of the art, on the basis of the principle of the invention, other modification some can also be made, also should be considered as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a detection method for surface cracks form of mining, is characterized in that, comprise the steps:
Step 1: the distribution range determining crack in search coverage, and select crack described in wherein one or more to detect;
Step 2: add the tracer agent responded to detection radar in described crack to be detected, wherein said detection radar comprises radar host computer, emitting antenna and receiving antenna, and described emitting antenna and described receiving antenna communicate to connect with described radar host computer respectively;
Step 3: be furnished with many equally spaced detection lines in the both sides in described crack to be detected equably; A described detection line is chosen respectively in the both sides in described crack to be detected, two that are selected described detection lines are equal with the distance in described described crack to be detected, described emitting antenna arranged by a described detection line wherein, described receiving antenna arranged by another described detection line, and the line between described emitting antenna with described receiving antenna is vertical with described crack to be detected;
Step 4: at the uniform velocity drag described receiving antenna and described emitting antenna in the both sides in described crack to be detected simultaneously, described receiving antenna and described emitting antenna are synchronized with the movement along described crack to be detected in the both sides in described crack to be detected,
Meanwhile, described emitting antenna sends the first signal data to described receiving antenna, and described first signal data is becoming secondary signal data after described crack to be detected and tracer agent, and described receiving antenna receives secondary signal data;
Step 5: process described first signal data and described secondary signal data, obtain the form in described crack to be detected.
2. the detection method of a kind of surface cracks form of mining according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, this detection method also comprises the steps: successively to perform described step 3 and step 4 from apart from the nearest described detection line in described crack to be detected on the described detection line farthest of described crack to be detected, finally perform described step 5, obtain the form in described crack to be detected.
3. the detection method of a kind of surface cracks form of mining according to claim 1, is characterized in that, also comprise step 11 in described step 1:
Treat search coverage and carry out subsidence forecast, draw a circle to approve the distribution range in described crack, on this basis, comprehensive analysis region to be detected overlying strata lithology, structure, mining type, mining geologic condition, and be analyzed to the similar district of fief, determine the correlation parameter of subsidence forecast, and surface movement and deformation is simulated, with horizontal stretch value for foundation, determine the distribution range in described crack.
4. the detection method of a kind of surface cracks form of mining according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in described step 2, also comprise step 21:
Described tracer agent is slowly poured in described crack, until described tracer agent is filled to ground elevation.
5. the detection method of a kind of surface cracks form of mining according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in described step 4, also comprise step 41:
Window, stacking fold and sampling rate during continuous adjustment sampling, detect and line repeats detection be no less than 3 times described in every bar.
6. the detection method of a kind of surface cracks form of mining according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the centre frequency of described detection radar is between 50MHZ-200MHZ.
7. the detection method of a kind of surface cracks form of mining according to claim 1 or 4, is characterized in that, described tracer agent is can increase and the metal powder of crack surrounding soil difference in dielectric constant or metal sand or gypsum slurry.
8. the detection method of a kind of surface cracks form of mining according to claim 7, it is characterized in that, described gypsum slurry is formed by the potpourri of standard gypsum powder and tap water, and the mass ratio of described standard gypsum powder and described tap water is between 1:1-3:2.
9. the detection method of a kind of surface cracks form of mining according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described detection line is parallel with described crack to be detected, and the length of described detection line is greater than the length in described crack to be detected.
10. the detection method of a kind of surface cracks form of mining according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, be furnished with at least 3 described detection lines in every side in described crack to be detected, wherein said detection line middle distance described crack maximum distance to be detected is no more than 1m.
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