CN112799054B - Method for acquiring multi-period underground three-dimensional morphology of dynamic crack based on ground penetrating radar - Google Patents
Method for acquiring multi-period underground three-dimensional morphology of dynamic crack based on ground penetrating radar Download PDFInfo
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- CN112799054B CN112799054B CN202011566874.5A CN202011566874A CN112799054B CN 112799054 B CN112799054 B CN 112799054B CN 202011566874 A CN202011566874 A CN 202011566874A CN 112799054 B CN112799054 B CN 112799054B
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052602 gypsum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010440 gypsum Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000877 morphologic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001720 carbohydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002985 plastic film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006255 plastic film Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
- G01S13/88—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications
- G01S13/885—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for ground probing
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
- G01S7/02—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00
- G01S7/36—Means for anti-jamming, e.g. ECCM, i.e. electronic counter-counter measures
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for acquiring a multi-period underground three-dimensional form of a dynamic crack based on a ground penetrating radar, which comprises the following steps: paving a film on the surface of the area where the crack is located, and ensuring that the surface of the crack is completely covered by the film; pouring liquid on the film; aligning a ground penetrating radar to the crack at the near-surface position of the crack, and performing interval scanning along the vertical direction of the row of cracks as a path to obtain electromagnetic wave data of a plurality of sections of the underground form of the crack at the present time; drawing the liquid out for storage and removing the film; carrying out data processing on all acquired electromagnetic wave data in the current period, and drawing and obtaining the outlines of cracks at each section in the current period by a visual interpretation method; constructing a three-dimensional model of the current-stage underground form of the crack by utilizing the contour of the crack to obtain the current-stage underground three-dimensional form of the crack and related data thereof; and continuously repeating the steps to obtain the multi-stage underground three-dimensional form and related data thereof in the dynamic change process of crack development. The method can obtain the multi-stage underground form of the dynamic fracture without damage.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of land reclamation of coal mining subsidence lands, in particular to a method for acquiring a multi-period underground three-dimensional form of a dynamic crack based on a ground penetrating radar.
Background
In western regions of China, particularly in western aeolian sand regions and loess regions, ground cracks are one of geological environment problems caused by coal exploitation, and cause the problems of building deformation, underground pipeline damage, cultivated land damage, accelerated soil moisture evaporation, vegetation damage, water and soil loss and the like, so that great difficulty is brought to mining area management workers, and the method is also an important link for mining area land reclamation. In order to study the effect of the ground fissures on the ecological environment, obtaining the underground morphology of the ground fissures is essential for assessing the risk thereof and for studying the development law of the ground fissures. At present, a learner obtains the underground form of the crack through a ground penetrating radar technology by injecting gypsum slurry into the crack, after gypsum is solidified, but the method can damage the ground crack structure, influence the subsequent development process of the ground crack, and insufficient filling of the crack can be caused by uneven gypsum slurry filling, so that the method cannot be used for researching the underground form of the dynamic crack. Meanwhile, a learner digs a working section on one side of the ground fracture, and then obtains the underground form of the fracture through a ground penetrating radar technology transverse scanner, and the method is nondestructive to the fracture, but the required engineering amount is extremely large and time and labor are consumed when the depth of the fracture is large, and when the width of the fracture is small, the result of the ground penetrating radar can generate larger error, and meanwhile, the surrounding ground surface environment can be damaged greatly.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a method for acquiring the multi-period underground three-dimensional form of the dynamic crack based on the ground penetrating radar, which has the characteristics of simple flow, easiness in realization, no influence on the surface environment, extremely small required engineering amount, time saving and labor saving, no influence on the form of the crack and the subsequent development process, capability of acquiring the multi-period underground three-dimensional form in the development process of the dynamic crack in a lossless manner, and great significance for researching the development process and the rule of the underground form of the dynamic crack along with the change of time.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a method for acquiring a multi-period underground three-dimensional form of a dynamic crack based on a ground penetrating radar, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1), paving a film on the surface of the area where the crack is located, and ensuring that the surface of the crack is completely covered by the film; pouring liquid on the film in the crack, filling the liquid in the area A formed by enclosing the film in the whole crack, and isolating the liquid from the crack through the film; aligning a ground penetrating radar to a crack at the near surface of the area A, and scanning at intervals from one end to the other end along the vertical direction of the row of cracks to obtain electromagnetic wave data of a plurality of sections of the underground form of the crack at the present time; drawing out, storing and removing the film from the liquid in the area A;
step 2) carrying out data processing on all electromagnetic wave data in the current period obtained in the step 1), and drawing by a visual interpretation method to obtain the outlines of cracks at each section in the current period;
step 3) drawing the contour of the crack at each section in the current period obtained in the step 2) in three-dimensional image processing software, and constructing a three-dimensional model of the underground form of the crack in the current period in an interpolation mode so as to obtain the three-dimensional form of the underground form of the crack in the current period and relevant data thereof;
and 4) continuously repeating the steps 1) to 3) according to the set frequency to obtain the multi-stage underground three-dimensional form and related data thereof in the dynamic change process of the crack development.
Further, the liquid in step 1) is selected to avoid interference with radar wave energy.
Further, in step 1), the ground penetrating radar is not in contact with the liquid. Optionally, the ground penetrating radar is kept out of contact with the liquid by laying a sheet on the membrane.
Further, the sheet selects a sheet that avoids interference with radar wave energy.
In the step 1), when interval scanning is performed from one end to the other end along the line seam trend, a marking line is made at intervals of 10cm in the vertical direction of the seam trend, and the ground penetrating radar is used for scanning from the position of 30cm on one side of the seam to the position of 30cm on the other side of the seam along the marking line.
Further, in step 2), the data processing includes background de-drying, one-dimensional filtering, wavelet transformation, and gain operation.
Further, in step 3), the correlation data includes an average width, an average depth, a surface area, and a volume of the fracture.
The invention has the characteristics and beneficial effects that:
the method for acquiring the multi-stage underground three-dimensional form of the dynamic crack based on the ground penetrating radar solves the defect that the underground form of the crack can damage the ground crack structure by injecting gypsum slurry into the crack, simultaneously avoids the defect that the required engineering quantity is extremely large and time and labor are consumed when a ground penetrating radar technology is adopted for excavating a working section at one side of the ground crack, ensures that the crack cannot be penetrated into soil by injecting liquid which can be extracted and cannot damage the underground form into the crack by using a film, ensures that the ground penetrating radar cannot be contacted with the liquid, enables the ground penetrating radar to scan, has the characteristics of simple flow, easiness in realization, no influence on the ground surface environment, extremely small required engineering quantity, time saving and labor saving, does not influence the form of the crack and the subsequent development process, can be used for nondestructively modeling the underground form of the dynamic crack, acquires the form parameters such as the average width, the average depth, the surface area and the volume of the crack, and the like, and has important significance on the development process and rule of the change of the three-dimensional form of the dynamic crack along with time.
Drawings
Fig. 1 (a) - (d) are three-dimensional, front, side and top views, respectively, of a method embodiment of the present invention in step 1) of laying a film over a ground fracture and filling with liquid;
fig. 2 (a) - (d) are a three-dimensional view, a front view, a side view and a top view of the ground penetrating radar scanning mode in step 2) of the method embodiment of the present invention, respectively;
FIG. 3 is an electromagnetic wave image of a ground penetrating radar scan in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of a fracture subsurface morphology depicted using visual interpretation in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of a fracture subsurface morphology of different scan profiles obtained in an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a multi-stage three-dimensional model in the development process of a dynamic crack constructed according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and examples, in order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent. It should be understood that the detailed description is presented by way of example only and is not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
In order to better understand the present invention, an application example of the method for acquiring the multi-period underground three-dimensional form of the dynamic fracture based on the ground penetrating radar is described in detail below.
The embodiment of the invention discloses a method for acquiring a multi-period underground three-dimensional form of a dynamic crack based on a ground penetrating radar, which specifically comprises the following steps:
step 1) acquiring electromagnetic wave data of an area where a crack is located by utilizing ground penetrating radar scanning
Referring to fig. 1, a film large enough to cover the surface of the crack is laid on the surface of the area where the crack is located, and the crack surface is ensured to be completely covered by the film; pouring liquid on the film in the crack to enable the liquid to fill the area A formed by enclosing the film in the whole crack, and isolating the liquid from the crack through the film; the method comprises the steps that liquid with small interference degree to radar wave energy, such as water, oil, carbohydrate and the like, is selected, a solvent-resistant, friction-resistant, tear-resistant and liquid-sealed film is selected as the film, a ground penetrating radar is aligned to a crack at the near surface of an area A, interval scanning is carried out from one end to the other end along the trend of a row of cracks, and electromagnetic wave data of a plurality of sections of the underground form of the crack at the present period are obtained by taking the vertical direction of the trend of the crack as a scanning path; the liquid in zone a is then pumped out for storage and the membrane is removed.
In this embodiment, the specific scanning process is as follows:
referring to fig. 2, in order to ensure that the liquid in the crack is not contacted with the ground penetrating radar so as to avoid damaging the ground penetrating radar, a thin plate (other ways of isolating the liquid and the ground penetrating radar can be used besides isolating the liquid and the ground penetrating radar by using the thin plate) is paved on the plastic film in a scanning range, the thin plate can be a plastic plate or other polymeric thin plates which do not interfere with the scanning result of the ground penetrating radar, a mark line is made at intervals of 10cm in the vertical direction of the crack trend, and the high-frequency ground penetrating radar is used for scanning from a position of 30cm on one side of the crack to a position of 30cm on the other side along the mark line, so that electromagnetic wave data of the current crack subsurface morphology trend to a plurality of sections is obtained.
In the embodiment, the ground penetrating radar adopts 1.6GHz high-frequency ground penetrating radar of coal resources of China mining university (Beijing) and key laboratories of safe exploitation countries.
Step 2) data processing is carried out on all electromagnetic wave data in the current period obtained in the step 1), and the outline of the crack at each section in the current period is obtained through drawing by a visual interpretation method
And (3) carrying out data processing on the image data of the area where the crack obtained in the step (1) is located by utilizing data processing software. In this embodiment, the data processing software adopts a GR radar processing analysis system developed by the university of chinese mining (beijing). And (3) performing conventional background drying, one-dimensional filtering, wavelet transformation, gain and other operations on each image data obtained in the step 1) to obtain an electromagnetic wave image with an interference area as shown in fig. 3.
Referring to fig. 4, the profile of the cross-sectional crack is determined from the interference area in the electromagnetic wave image, and the profile of the crack at each cross-section at the present time is depicted by visual interpretation.
Step 3) SolidWorks-based three-dimensional morphological modeling
Referring to fig. 5, the contour of the crack at each section in the current period obtained in the step 2) is drawn in the SolidWorks software of the three-dimensional image processing software according to the ratio of 1:1, and a three-dimensional model of the underground form of the crack in the current period is constructed in an interpolation mode, so that the underground three-dimensional form of the crack in the current period and relevant data thereof are obtained.
And 4) continuously repeating the steps 1) to 3) according to the set frequency to obtain the multi-stage underground three-dimensional form and related data thereof in the dynamic change process of the crack development.
Referring to fig. 6, three-phase underground three-dimensional morphology is obtained in this example, and the morphology parameters are shown in table 1, and the volume accuracy is the volume of the fracture and the volume of the liquid injected into the fracture.
TABLE 1 crack morphology parameters
As can be seen from Table 1, the method of the invention can obtain the three-dimensional morphological modeling volume of the crack without damage, the error is about 20%, and the main reasons for the error are the error of the scanned image of the ground penetrating radar and the error in the three-dimensional modeling process, if more accurate depth information is needed, the number of layers can be scanned by encryption or more accurate ground penetrating radar equipment and image processing software can be used.
The invention and its embodiments have been described above schematically, without limitation, and the invention is illustrated in the drawings as one of its embodiments and is not limited to practice. Therefore, those skilled in the art, having benefit of this disclosure, will appreciate that other embodiments can be devised which do not depart from the gist of the invention.
Claims (8)
1. The method for acquiring the multi-period underground three-dimensional form of the dynamic crack based on the ground penetrating radar is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step 1), paving a film on the surface of the area where the crack is located, and ensuring that the surface of the crack is completely covered by the film; pouring liquid on the film in the crack, filling the liquid in the area A formed by enclosing the film in the whole crack, and isolating the liquid from the crack through the film; aligning a ground penetrating radar to a crack at the near surface of the area A, and scanning at intervals from one end to the other end along the trend of the row of cracks to obtain electromagnetic wave data of a plurality of sections of the underground form of the crack at the present time; drawing out, storing and removing the film from the liquid in the area A;
step 2) carrying out data processing on all electromagnetic wave data in the current period obtained in the step 1), and drawing by a visual interpretation method to obtain the outlines of cracks at each section in the current period;
step 3) drawing the contour of the crack at each section in the current period obtained in the step 2) in three-dimensional image processing software, and constructing a three-dimensional model of the underground form of the crack in the current period in an interpolation mode so as to obtain the three-dimensional form of the underground form of the crack in the current period and relevant data thereof;
and 4) continuously repeating the steps 1) to 3) according to the set frequency to obtain the multi-stage underground three-dimensional form and related data thereof in the dynamic change process of the crack development.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the liquid in step 1) is selected to avoid interference with radar wave energy.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein in step 1), the ground penetrating radar is not in contact with the liquid.
4. A method according to claim 3, wherein the ground penetrating radar is kept out of contact with the liquid by laying a sheet on the film.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein the sheet selects a sheet that avoids interference with radar wave energy.
6. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the step 1), when scanning at intervals from one end to the other end along the line direction of the slit, a mark line is made at intervals of 10cm in the vertical direction of the slit direction, and the ground penetrating radar is used for scanning from a position of 30cm on one side of the slit to a position of 30cm on the other side along the mark line.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein in step 2) the data processing comprises background de-drying, one-dimensional filtering, wavelet transformation, and gain manipulation.
8. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein in step 3) the relevant data comprises an average width, an average depth, a surface area and a volume of the crack.
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| CN102590874A (en) * | 2012-01-16 | 2012-07-18 | 中国矿业大学(北京) | Method for detecting ground surface crack of upland coal-mining subsidence paddy field |
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| US10392929B1 (en) * | 2018-02-08 | 2019-08-27 | Saudi Arabian Oil Company | Mapping fracture length using downhole ground penetrating radar |
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