CN114076586A - Star-air-ground integrated monitoring method for mine ground surface subsidence - Google Patents
Star-air-ground integrated monitoring method for mine ground surface subsidence Download PDFInfo
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- CN114076586A CN114076586A CN202010844683.4A CN202010844683A CN114076586A CN 114076586 A CN114076586 A CN 114076586A CN 202010844683 A CN202010844683 A CN 202010844683A CN 114076586 A CN114076586 A CN 114076586A
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- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 198
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 57
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000005305 interferometry Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000002329 infrared spectrum Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000009933 burial Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- PCTMTFRHKVHKIS-BMFZQQSSSA-N (1s,3r,4e,6e,8e,10e,12e,14e,16e,18s,19r,20r,21s,25r,27r,30r,31r,33s,35r,37s,38r)-3-[(2r,3s,4s,5s,6r)-4-amino-3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-19,25,27,30,31,33,35,37-octahydroxy-18,20,21-trimethyl-23-oxo-22,39-dioxabicyclo[33.3.1]nonatriaconta-4,6,8,10 Chemical group C1C=C2C[C@@H](OS(O)(=O)=O)CC[C@]2(C)[C@@H]2[C@@H]1[C@@H]1CC[C@H]([C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)[C@@]1(C)CC2.O[C@H]1[C@@H](N)[C@H](O)[C@@H](C)O[C@H]1O[C@H]1/C=C/C=C/C=C/C=C/C=C/C=C/C=C/[C@H](C)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](C)[C@H](C)OC(=O)C[C@H](O)C[C@H](O)CC[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)C[C@H](O)C[C@](O)(C[C@H](O)[C@H]2C(O)=O)O[C@H]2C1 PCTMTFRHKVHKIS-BMFZQQSSSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009897 systematic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
- G01C5/00—Measuring height; Measuring distances transverse to line of sight; Levelling between separated points; Surveyors' levels
Abstract
The invention provides a star-air-ground integrated monitoring method for mine ground subsidence, which comprises the following steps of: (1) arranging a # -shaped monitoring line on the ground surface; (2) setting a permanent monitoring point; (3) primarily determining a land surface key monitoring area according to underground engineering excavation parameters; (4) and coding and registering each monitoring point in the monitoring area, installing a wireless signal receiving device, and performing cross overlapping measurement on the monitoring area at a preset monitoring frequency by adopting a satellite system, a radar interferometry technology, unmanned aerial vehicle aerial photography or infrared spectrum spectral photography and RTK + precision leveling measurement to obtain monitoring data in real time. According to the invention, a satellite (BDS + InSAR), air (unmanned aerial vehicle + infrared) and ground (monitoring station + RTK) integrated monitoring means is adopted, and an underground engineering excavation process is combined, so that three monitoring methods are effectively integrated for ground surface monitoring, the ground surface subsidence condition caused by underground engineering excavation can be predicted in time, and theoretical support is provided for accurate acquisition and ecological mining loss reduction.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of surface monitoring, in particular to a star-air-ground integrated monitoring method for mine surface subsidence.
Background
Mining subsidence treatment is an important content of ecological mine construction, and seriously influences water, soil and vegetation in a mining area. Mining and surface subsidence have close time and space effects, and the greater the mining intensity of the mine, the shallower the burial depth, and the more obvious the influence degree is shown. At present, a cross and well lattice point distribution method is mainly adopted, a monitoring base point is buried, and three monitoring methods of InSAR (radar interferometry), GPS (global positioning system) and leveling measurement are partially adopted to obtain the surface subsidence characteristics, but the monitoring point cannot be effectively fused with the mining process, and the underground-aboveground due subsidence dynamic characteristics in the mining process cannot be reflected in time.
At present, a ground surface subsidence monitoring scheme is single, monitoring points are arranged more, and monitoring efficiency and labor intensity are difficult to obtain effective balance. In view of the above, the present invention provides an integrated monitoring method for star-space ground subsidence on the mine ground surface, so as to solve the above problems.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an integrated monitoring method for a star-space ground subsidence of a mine ground surface, and the integrated monitoring method is used for solving the technical defects that the existing ground surface subsidence monitoring scheme is single, monitoring points are arranged more, and the monitoring efficiency and the labor intensity are difficult to obtain effective balance.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides a mine ground surface subsidence starry-sky integrated monitoring method, which comprises the following steps:
(1) before underground engineering excavation, arranging a # -shaped monitoring line on the ground surface;
(2) setting a permanent monitoring point at an open-cut hole position of a working surface excavated by an underground project;
(3) primarily determining a land surface key monitoring area according to underground engineering excavation parameters;
(4) and coding and registering each monitoring point in the monitoring area, installing a wireless signal receiving device, performing cross overlapping measurement on the monitoring area at a preset monitoring frequency by adopting a satellite system, a radar interferometry technology, unmanned aerial vehicle aerial photography or infrared spectrum spectral photography and RTK + precision leveling measurement, and acquiring monitoring data in real time.
The star-air-ground integrated monitoring method for mine ground surface subsidence is characterized in that in the step (1), every interval of distance L is formed in the direction of the ground surface1And arranging a trend monitoring line H/pi, wherein the total length of the trend monitoring line is nH/pi, H is the excavation buried depth, and n is a natural number.
The star-air-ground integrated monitoring method for the mine ground surface subsidence is characterized in that in the step (1), the length of a monitoring line in the inclination direction of the ground surface perpendicular to the trend direction is W + 4H/pi, wherein W is the excavation width.
The star-space-ground integrated monitoring method for mine ground subsidence is characterized in that in the step (1), the spacing distance of the inclination monitoring lines is equal to the spacing distance of the trend monitoring lines.
The integrated monitoring method for the star-space land subsidence of the mine ground surface comprises the following steps that in the step (1), main monitoring lines are respectively distributed in the middle of the working face of an underground excavated subsidence basin by adopting a profile method, the advancing distance of the main monitoring lines in the moving direction is nH/2 pi, and the main monitoring lines consist of basic points.
In the step (2), every three permanent monitoring points are in a group and arranged in a triangle, and the side length of the triangle formed by the three permanent monitoring points is half of the distance between the trend monitoring lines or the trend monitoring lines.
The integrated monitoring method for the star-space-earth ground of the mine ground surface subsidence is characterized in that in the step (4), the satellite system comprises a BDS and a GPS.
The star-air-ground integrated monitoring method for mine ground surface subsidence is characterized in that in the step (4), the monitoring frequency is as follows: utilize the satellite to accomplish once the monitoring to permanent monitoring point every 1 ~ 2 days, every before advancing next monitoring line in trend direction, the activity point need accomplish level or RTK and measure 2 ~ 3 times in the monitoring area, 2 ~ 3 times of taking photo by plane of unmanned aerial vehicle, and every monitoring line of radar interferometry technique need be accomplished once, and until the excavation surpasses all monitoring lines, wherein, the nodical activity point that is of monitoring line except main monitoring line.
The integrated monitoring method for the star-air ground of the mine ground surface subsidence is characterized in that an unmanned aerial vehicle focuses on an aerial photography mining area, and a radar interferometry technology focuses on monitoring an excavation boundary and an outer range.
The integrated monitoring method for the star-space ground subsidence of the mine ground surface is suitable for near-horizontal excavation engineering and excavation engineering with an inclination angle.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention discloses a star-air-ground integrated monitoring method for mine surface subsidence, which adopts a star (BDS + InSAR), air (unmanned aerial vehicle + infrared) and ground (monitoring station + RTK) integrated monitoring means, combines with an underground engineering excavation process, effectively integrates three monitoring methods for surface monitoring, mutually cooperates, enriches monitoring data, has larger breakthrough on the aspects of surface deformation in monitoring precision and underground-to-above-well linkage effect, can predict the surface subsidence condition caused by underground engineering excavation in time, and provides theoretical support for precise acquisition and ecological mining loss reduction.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a spatial arrangement diagram of a method for integrally monitoring a star-air ground subsidence of a mine ground surface according to the invention;
fig. 2 is a layout diagram of the preferred embodiment.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further explained with reference to the drawings.
Firstly, as shown in fig. 1, the invention provides an integrated monitoring method for star-open ground subsidence on the surface of a mine, wherein as shown in the figure, the area excavated by underground engineering corresponding to the surface is ABCD, the main monitoring area is ABCD, W is excavation width, L is excavation length, H is excavation burial depth, and M is mining height.
The monitoring method mainly comprises the following steps:
(1) before underground engineering excavation, arranging a groined monitoring line on the ground surface;
before underground engineering excavation, a # -shaped (also called a # -shaped) monitoring line is arranged on the ground surface. Specifically, the running direction (longitudinal direction in the figure) is separated by a distance L1One trend monitoring line is set in the direction of H/pi, the total length of the trend monitoring line is nH/pi (n is a natural number), 8H/pi is preferable, and 8 monitoring lines are set in the trend direction (also called the propulsion direction). The length of the monitoring lines in the inclination direction (width direction in the figure) is W + 4H/pi, and the interval distance of the inclination monitoring lines is close to that of the walking monitoring lines, or can be equal to that of the walking monitoring lines. Wherein, the trend direction is vertical to the inclination direction.
The method comprises the steps that main monitoring lines are respectively distributed on the main end faces (the middle part of a common working face) of a sunken basin excavated underground by a profile method, the advancing distance of the main monitoring lines in the advancing direction is nH/2 pi (preferably 4H/pi), the main monitoring lines in the working face direction are arranged in the middle part of the working face, the main monitoring lines are composed of basic points (black solid dot icons), and the two ends of the monitoring lines are beyond the influence range.
According to the invention, limited monitoring points are arranged by adopting a well grid-to-well grid method according to the ground surface subsidence characteristics, a starry sky-ground integrated monitoring method is utilized, data complementation is realized, the ground surface is rapidly, effectively and accurately monitored, and the underground mining and ground surface subsidence linkage effect and the whole process development characteristics are systematically mastered.
(2) Setting a permanent monitoring point
Setting a permanent monitoring point (a triangular icon in figure 1) as a reference according to the open-cut position of the working surface of the earth surface excavation, such as a triangular icon k1、k2、k3、k4、k5、k6、k7、k8、k9Every third triangle icon (e.g. k)1、k2、k3) Is in a triangle shapeThe side length of a triangle formed by three permanent monitoring points is preferably half of the distance between a longitudinal monitoring line and a transverse monitoring line so as to improve the monitoring precision, and the distance between an excavation boundary line (namely the boundary line of an excavation area abcd) is mainly related to the buried depth (H) of an underground mining space, and usually the distance L2Is between H/pi and 2H/pi.
Wherein, the cutting is to dig along the coal face mining line, dig a tunnel along the coal seam between the transportation tunnel and the return air tunnel, form a set of independent return air system, the return air system can be arranged to cut a piece of coal after forming.
The invention mainly arranges permanent measuring points, basic points and active points in different areas according to the subsidence characteristics of the earth surface in the mining process, adopts different monitoring means for different areas of the earth surface by combining the burial depth and the mining intensity, and adopts a star-space-earth integrated monitoring method, thereby being capable of classifying, purposefully and accurately monitoring the subsidence of the earth surface.
(3) Preliminary determination of a surface surveillance area
Primarily determining a major monitoring area of the earth surface according to excavation parameters of underground engineering, namely covering a # -shaped monitoring line and permanent monitoring points, wherein the basic monitoring points on a main monitoring line of the # -shaped monitoring line can be additionally provided with monitoring points according to actual requirements, and the embodiment of minimum monitoring point arrangement is shown in the figure.
(4) The method comprises the steps of coding and registering each monitoring point in a monitoring area, installing a wireless signal receiving device, and carrying out cross overlapping measurement on the monitoring area by adopting a satellite system (double star: BDS + GPS), a radar interferometry measurement technology (INSAR), unmanned aerial vehicle aerial photography or infrared spectrum spectral photography, RTK (carrier phase difference technology) + precision leveling measurement. Wherein the BDS is a Beidou satellite navigation system.
(5) Monitoring at a predetermined monitoring frequency
The monitoring frequency was as follows: the method comprises the steps that a satellite 1 is used for monitoring permanent monitoring points once every 1-2 days, level or RTK measurement needs to be completed for 2-3 times at a movable point (a circle-shaped icon in figure 1) in an area before the moving point pushes a next monitoring line in the moving direction, an unmanned aerial vehicle 2 takes a photo 2-3 times, and each monitoring line in radar Interferometry (INSAR) needs to be completed once until the excavation exceeds all the monitoring lines.
And the intersection points of the monitoring lines except the main monitoring line are active points.
Preferably, the unmanned aerial vehicle mainly takes an aerial photograph of the mining area, the INSAR mainly monitors the excavation boundary and the range beyond, and the monitoring data can be mutually supplemented and perfected, so that the monitoring data can be obtained in real time.
Alternatively, the above embodiment is a near horizontal excavation surface subsidence monitoring, and the above method has the same applicability to excavation projects having an inclination angle.
According to the invention, two parameters of excavation burial depth and working face width are utilized to link underground mining and surface monitoring, so that accurate monitoring of surface subsidence is realized, monitoring points are arranged on the surface by adopting a systematic method, and advantages are complemented by adopting a star-sky-ground integrated monitoring method, so that fewer monitoring points are achieved, the surface monitoring can be simply, comprehensively and rapidly realized, and data support is provided for underground and aboveground linkage mechanism and ecological loss-reduction mining.
PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
As shown in fig. 2, which is a layout diagram of the preferred embodiment. In the preferred embodiment, only the excavation size and the existing burial depth need to be known, taking a certain mine working face as an example.
It is known that: the excavation width W is 300M, the pushing length L is 5200M, the mining height M is 8.8M, the buried depth H is 145-234M, and the inclination angle is less than 1-5 degrees. For convenience, the parameters are calculated by using an average number, so that W is 300M, L is 5200M, M is 8.8M, and H is 190M, and the calculation is as follows:
the total length of the monitoring line is 8H/pi-190/3.14-484 m, four sections can be divided, and the interval L of each section is 484/4-121 m; one monitoring line is arranged at every interval H/pi, namely one monitoring line is arranged at an average of 60m, and L1, L2, L3, L4, L5, L6, L7, L8 and 8 monitoring lines in total are arranged in the trend.
The length of the trend monitoring line is W + 4H/pi-300 +4 × 190/3.14-542 m, so the trend monitoring area is selected to be 550m, the reference trend is monitored at 60m, and one monitoring line is set at intervals of 50m, for example, W0, W1, W2, W3, W4, W5, W6, W7, W8, W9 and W10 in the figure, and 11 measuring lines are counted.
The permanent measuring points are arranged on the outer sides of the cut holes and the roadway, the distance between the permanent measuring points and the mining boundary ranges from 60m to 120m, the permanent measuring points are arranged in an approximate triangle, the side length is half of the distance of the monitoring line and is about 25 m to 30m, 9 permanent measuring points and 72 grid measuring points are arranged, and the total number of monitoring points is 81.
The monitoring frequency is as follows: in the figure, at least two complete monitoring are carried out on basic points (black solid circular dot icons) every week, at least two monitoring are carried out on active points (circle-shaped icons) before mining, the INSAR technology mainly monitors subsidence on two sides of a roadway, namely W3, W4, W5, W6, W7, W8, W9 and W10 monitoring line regions, unmanned aerial photography mainly monitors W0, W1, W2, W3, W4 and W5 monitoring line regions, the monitoring data are mutually supplemented and perfected, and therefore the monitoring data are obtained in real time.
In conclusion, the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: the invention discloses a star-air-ground integrated monitoring method for mine surface subsidence, which adopts a star (BDS + InSAR), air (unmanned aerial vehicle + infrared) and ground (monitoring station + RTK) integrated monitoring means, combines with an underground engineering excavation process, effectively integrates three monitoring methods for surface monitoring, mutually cooperates, enriches monitoring data, has larger breakthrough on the aspects of surface deformation in monitoring precision and underground-to-above-well linkage effect, can predict the surface subsidence condition caused by underground engineering excavation in time, and provides theoretical support for precise acquisition and ecological mining loss reduction.
While the invention has been described with reference to a preferred embodiment, various modifications may be made and equivalents may be substituted for elements thereof without departing from the scope of the invention. In particular, the technical features mentioned in the embodiments can be combined in any way as long as there is no structural conflict. It is intended that the invention not be limited to the particular embodiments disclosed, but that the invention will include all embodiments falling within the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A star-sky-ground integrated monitoring method for mine ground surface subsidence is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) before underground engineering excavation, arranging a # -shaped monitoring line on the ground surface; (2) setting a permanent monitoring point at an open-cut hole position of a working surface excavated by an underground project;
(3) primarily determining a land surface key monitoring area according to underground engineering excavation parameters;
(4) and coding and registering each monitoring point in the monitoring area, installing a wireless signal receiving device, performing cross overlapping measurement on the monitoring area at a preset monitoring frequency by adopting a satellite system, a radar interferometry technology, unmanned aerial vehicle aerial photography or infrared spectrum spectral photography and RTK + precision leveling measurement, and acquiring monitoring data in real time.
2. The integrated star-to-air ground monitoring method for mine ground subsidence as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step (1), the distance L is spaced every time in the direction of the ground surface1And arranging a trend monitoring line H/pi, wherein the total length of the trend monitoring line is nH/pi, H is the excavation buried depth, and n is a natural number.
3. The integrated monitoring method for the star-space ground subsidence on the mine ground surface as claimed in claim 2, wherein in the step (1), the length of the monitoring line in the inclination direction of the ground surface perpendicular to the trend direction is W + 4H/pi, wherein W is the excavation width.
4. The integrated monitoring method for the star-space ground subsidence on the mine ground surface as claimed in claim 2, wherein in the step (1), the separation distance of the trend monitoring lines is equal to the separation distance of the trend monitoring lines.
5. The integrated monitoring method for the star-air ground subsidence on the mine ground surface as claimed in claim 2, wherein in the step (1), main monitoring lines are respectively arranged in the middle of the working surface of the subsidence basin excavated underground by adopting a profile method, the advancing distance of the main monitoring lines in the trend direction is nH/2 pi, and the main monitoring lines consist of basic points.
6. The integrated monitoring method for the star-space ground sunk in the mine ground surface according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein in the step (2), every three permanent monitoring points are in a group and arranged in a triangle, and the side length of the triangle formed by the three permanent monitoring points is half of the distance between the trend monitoring lines or the trend monitoring lines.
7. The integrated mine ground surface subsidence star-space-earth monitoring method of any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein in step (4), the satellite system comprises a BDS and a GPS.
8. The integrated mine ground surface subsidence star-space ground monitoring method of any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein in step (4), the monitoring frequency is as follows: utilize the satellite to accomplish once the monitoring to permanent monitoring point every 1 ~ 2 days, every before advancing next monitoring line in trend direction, the activity point need accomplish level or RTK and measure 2 ~ 3 times in the monitoring area, 2 ~ 3 times of taking photo by plane of unmanned aerial vehicle, and every monitoring line of radar interferometry technique need be accomplished once, and until the excavation surpasses all monitoring lines, wherein, the nodical activity point that is of monitoring line except main monitoring line.
9. The integrated monitoring method for the star-air ground of the mine ground subsidence as claimed in claim 8, wherein the unmanned aerial vehicle is used for mainly aerial photographing mining areas, and the radar interferometry is used for mainly monitoring excavation boundaries and beyond areas.
10. The integrated monitoring method for the star-air ground subsidence on the mine ground surface as claimed in claim 8, wherein the monitoring method is suitable for both near horizontal excavation engineering and excavation engineering with an inclination angle.
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Cited By (1)
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