CN112265154B - Construction method for cutting type excavated stone cutting and stone cutting - Google Patents
Construction method for cutting type excavated stone cutting and stone cutting Download PDFInfo
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- CN112265154B CN112265154B CN202010959506.0A CN202010959506A CN112265154B CN 112265154 B CN112265154 B CN 112265154B CN 202010959506 A CN202010959506 A CN 202010959506A CN 112265154 B CN112265154 B CN 112265154B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28D—WORKING STONE OR STONE-LIKE MATERIALS
- B28D1/00—Working stone or stone-like materials, e.g. brick, concrete or glass, not provided for elsewhere; Machines, devices, tools therefor
- B28D1/02—Working stone or stone-like materials, e.g. brick, concrete or glass, not provided for elsewhere; Machines, devices, tools therefor by sawing
- B28D1/04—Working stone or stone-like materials, e.g. brick, concrete or glass, not provided for elsewhere; Machines, devices, tools therefor by sawing with circular or cylindrical saw-blades or saw-discs
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28D—WORKING STONE OR STONE-LIKE MATERIALS
- B28D1/00—Working stone or stone-like materials, e.g. brick, concrete or glass, not provided for elsewhere; Machines, devices, tools therefor
- B28D1/02—Working stone or stone-like materials, e.g. brick, concrete or glass, not provided for elsewhere; Machines, devices, tools therefor by sawing
- B28D1/04—Working stone or stone-like materials, e.g. brick, concrete or glass, not provided for elsewhere; Machines, devices, tools therefor by sawing with circular or cylindrical saw-blades or saw-discs
- B28D1/044—Working stone or stone-like materials, e.g. brick, concrete or glass, not provided for elsewhere; Machines, devices, tools therefor by sawing with circular or cylindrical saw-blades or saw-discs the saw blade being movable on slide ways
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28D—WORKING STONE OR STONE-LIKE MATERIALS
- B28D1/00—Working stone or stone-like materials, e.g. brick, concrete or glass, not provided for elsewhere; Machines, devices, tools therefor
- B28D1/02—Working stone or stone-like materials, e.g. brick, concrete or glass, not provided for elsewhere; Machines, devices, tools therefor by sawing
- B28D1/04—Working stone or stone-like materials, e.g. brick, concrete or glass, not provided for elsewhere; Machines, devices, tools therefor by sawing with circular or cylindrical saw-blades or saw-discs
- B28D1/045—Sawing grooves in walls; sawing stones from rocks; sawing machines movable on the stones to be cut
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28D—WORKING STONE OR STONE-LIKE MATERIALS
- B28D1/00—Working stone or stone-like materials, e.g. brick, concrete or glass, not provided for elsewhere; Machines, devices, tools therefor
- B28D1/02—Working stone or stone-like materials, e.g. brick, concrete or glass, not provided for elsewhere; Machines, devices, tools therefor by sawing
- B28D1/04—Working stone or stone-like materials, e.g. brick, concrete or glass, not provided for elsewhere; Machines, devices, tools therefor by sawing with circular or cylindrical saw-blades or saw-discs
- B28D1/048—Working stone or stone-like materials, e.g. brick, concrete or glass, not provided for elsewhere; Machines, devices, tools therefor by sawing with circular or cylindrical saw-blades or saw-discs with a plurality of saw blades
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28D—WORKING STONE OR STONE-LIKE MATERIALS
- B28D7/00—Accessories specially adapted for use with machines or devices of the preceding groups
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D17/00—Excavations; Bordering of excavations; Making embankments
- E02D17/20—Securing of slopes or inclines
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Abstract
The invention discloses a construction method for cutting type excavated stone cutting and the stone cutting, which comprises the following steps: s101, measuring and lofting to obtain the number of layers of the target cutting layer of the rock in the roadbed region of the target stone section and the corresponding cutting parameters of each layer of the target cutting layer, S102, sequentially cutting each layer of the target cutting layer from top to bottom according to the obtained number of layers of the target cutting layer and the corresponding cutting parameters of each layer of the target cutting layer, constructing all layers until the surface of the rock in the roadbed region of the target stone section is sunken to form a target stone cutting, and enabling side slopes on two sides of the roadbed of the target stone cutting to be in an outward-expanding step shape. The construction method for cutting type excavation of the stone cutting solves the technical problems that the stability of the side slope is poor and the potential safety hazard of blasting excavation construction is large due to vibration damage of the existing stone cutting and side slope in the blasting excavation process.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of road cutting excavation operation construction, in particular to a cutting type excavation cutting construction method. The invention also relates to a stone cutting.
Background
The existing road cutting and slope excavation adopts blasting method excavation. The method comprises the following steps: firstly, early preparation: the method comprises blasting safety evaluation and legal blasting procedures; measuring and lofting, rechecking the piles in the roadbed, and determining an excavation side line according to the actual ground elevation; controlling and drilling, controlling according to a designed hole bitmap, and controlling the direction, angle and depth of drilling according to the control position; loading, checking the condition of blast holes, removing water and sundries in the holes, strictly controlling the dosage, controlling flying stones through blasting coverage, protecting a detonation network during coverage, connecting the detonation networks of a detonation electric detonator and a detonation detonator according to a designed detonation network diagram, checking the network after connection, and entering a detonation program after checking that no problem exists completely; secondly, blasting: clearing and transporting the blasting stone, organizing personnel and machinery to clear and transport the blasting stone, and measuring and rechecking after the blasting stone is cleared; accurately finishing the breaking hammer after blasting, accurately lofting the excavation outline of the roadbed side slope according to the designed slope ratio, matching the excavator when the breaking hammer breaks, clearing broken rock masses, and loading and transporting the broken rock masses out until the roadbed slope of the section is formed and the roadbed elevation meets the design requirement; and (4) finishing the side slope, completely removing broken rocks on the surface of the side slope, and brushing the slope according to design requirements.
The existing blasting method for excavating highway stone cutting and side slope has a plurality of problems and disadvantages: the procedure for handling relevant construction permission in blasting operation is complicated; blasting construction has strict requirements on the operation environment, and blasting excavation construction cannot be adopted if an operation area is located nearby military and civil buildings, pipe networks, railways and the like; secondly, blasting construction potential safety hazard is big, belongs to the high risk source, and production safety control pressure is big, blasting construction economic benefits is relatively poor, and the stone ballast that the blasting produced generally can only be used for filling material or production rubble etc. and the value of utilization is lower, and the vibration that the blasting operation produced is big influences the stability of excavation side slope great and the stone cutting blasting method construction appearance quality control degree of difficulty is big, and the side slope shaping effect is poor.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a construction method for cutting-type excavation of a stone cut, which aims to solve the technical problems of poor stability of a side slope and large potential safety hazard of blasting excavation construction caused by vibration damage in the blasting excavation process of the existing stone cut and the side slope.
In order to realize the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a construction method for cutting type excavated stone cutting comprises the following steps: s101, measuring and lofting to obtain the number of layers of the target cutting layer of the rock in the roadbed region of the target stone section and the corresponding cutting parameters of each layer of the target cutting layer, S102, sequentially cutting each layer of the target cutting layer from top to bottom according to the obtained number of layers of the target cutting layer and the corresponding cutting parameters of each layer of the target cutting layer, constructing all layers until the surface of the rock in the roadbed region of the target stone section is sunken to form a target stone cutting, and enabling side slopes on two sides of the roadbed of the target stone cutting to be in an outward-expanding step shape.
Further, the step S101 of performing measurement lofting to obtain the number of layers of the target cutting layer of the rock in the target rock subgrade area specifically includes: s1011, measuring and lofting, obtaining an elevation height difference value of an excavation surface at the top of the rock of the target stone section foundation region and a base of the target stone cutting, S1012 calculating a lofting width according to the elevation height difference value and a preset slope gradient of the target stone cutting, S1013 obtaining the number of layers of a target cutting layer according to the lofting width and the preset slope step width of the target stone cutting.
Further, the cutting parameters of each layer of target cutting layer include a cutting surface range value of each layer of target cutting layer and a cutting depth value of each layer of target cutting layer, wherein the obtaining of the cutting parameters of each layer of target cutting layer of the target stone block subgrade area rock in step S101 specifically includes: s1014, acquiring a cutting surface range value of each layer of target cutting layer according to the base width of the target stone cutting, the preset slope step width and the number of target cutting layers; and acquiring the cutting depth value of each target cutting layer according to the elevation height difference value and the number of the target cutting layers.
Further, step S102 specifically includes: s1021, determining longitudinal cutting and excavating edge line positions of two sides of each target cutting layer according to the cutting surface range value of each target cutting layer and a first preset cutting width value, and determining transverse cutting and excavating line positions of the whole target cutting layer according to the cutting surface range value of each target cutting layer and a second preset cutting width value; s1022, cutting and grooving the two sides of each target cutting layer longitudinally respectively according to the longitudinal cutting excavation edge line and the cutting depth value, and further forming longitudinal drainage avoiding grooves between the two sides of the target cutting layers and the step slopes of the target stone cuts respectively; s1023, cutting a whole target cutting layer with a longitudinal drainage avoiding groove by multiple transverse seams according to an excavation line and a cutting depth value of transverse cutting excavation, forming a transverse rock block with the lower surface connected with the parent rock between every two adjacent transverse seams, breaking rock and taking out all the transverse rock blocks so as to complete the whole layer construction of the target cutting layer; and S1024, repeating the steps S1021 and S1023, and sequentially carrying out full-layer excavation construction on each layer of target cutting layer on the rock of the target stone section roadbed area from top to bottom until the surface of the rock of the target stone section roadbed area is sunken inwards to form a target stone cutting and the side slopes on two sides of the roadbed of the target stone cutting are in an upwards-outwards-expanded step shape.
Further, S1022 specifically includes: laying longitudinal rails on two sides of the target cutting layer according to the position of the longitudinal cutting excavation edge line; erecting cutting equipment on the longitudinal rail; enabling cutting equipment to cut longitudinally according to the cutting depth value, and further respectively cutting at least one longitudinal rock block with the lower surface connected with the parent rock on two sides of the target cutting layer; and breaking the longitudinal rock and taking out the rock so as to form longitudinal drainage avoiding grooves extending along the longitudinal direction between the two sides of the target cutting layer and the step side slope of the target rock cutting.
Further, the groove width of the longitudinal drainage avoiding groove is 0.5-1.4 m.
Furthermore, a plurality of groups of transverse rails are laid on a target cutting layer with longitudinal drainage avoiding grooves according to the position of a transverse cutting excavation line, and the transverse rails and the excavation line of transverse cutting excavation are arranged in a one-to-one correspondence mode; erecting cutting equipment on a transverse track, enabling the cutting equipment to cut in a transverse mode that the cutting is carried out from one side of a target cutting layer by feeding a longitudinal drainage avoiding groove and withdrawing the cutting from the other side of the longitudinal drainage avoiding groove according to a cutting depth value, further completing transverse seam cutting, cutting all excavation lines of transverse cutting excavation on the target cutting layer with the longitudinal drainage avoiding groove, further forming a plurality of transverse seams which are distributed at intervals, and forming a transverse rock block of which the lower surface is connected with mother rock between every two adjacent transverse seams; and breaking the rock and taking out all transverse rock blocks to complete the construction of the full-layer target cutting layer.
Further, erecting cutting equipment on a transverse rail on the outermost side of the target cutting layer with the longitudinal drainage avoiding groove; starting the cutting equipment to enable the cutting equipment to work to finish the cutting of the transverse seam on the current transverse track; after the current transverse rail finishes transverse seam cutting, a machine moving rail is erected on the current transverse rail to change rails and move machines, and the cutting equipment is made to move to the adjacent transverse rail along the longitudinal direction to perform next transverse seam cutting.
Further, before step S101, the method further includes: s103, construction preparation, namely cleaning the surface of the rock in the roadbed area of the target stone square section to provide a cutting operation platform.
The invention also provides a stone cutting which is excavated by adopting the construction method for excavating the stone cutting, and the side slopes at the two sides of the stone cutting are in a step shape expanding upwards and outwards.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention relates to a construction method for cutting type excavation of a stone cutting, which cuts and constructs the target stone cutting with an outward-expanded side slope from the surface of the rock of a roadbed region of a target stone section. The cutting method is adopted to carry out excavation construction on the rocks, vibration is small, vibration waves and shock waves cannot be generated, the rock mass structures of the side slopes on two sides of the roadbed of the target rock cutting are not damaged, the stability of the side slope structure of the target rock cutting is high, the influence on buildings around the construction area cannot be generated, and the requirement on the operation environment is low; the rock blocks can be reused after being taken out, so that the economic value is high; adopt cutting operation simultaneously, can accurate control cutting depth, it is accurate to slope excavation size control, can prevent to appear the overbreak and owe the condition of digging to guarantee the strict control of the slope elevation of target stone cutting, stable in structure, the outward appearance is effectual.
In addition to the objects, features and advantages described above, other objects, features and advantages of the present invention are also provided. The present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the drawings.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiments of the invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method of cutting-type cut excavation of a cutting according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a first schematic construction view of a cutting-type excavated cutting construction method according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a second schematic construction view of the cutting-type cutting excavation construction method according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a first schematic structural view of a cutting-type cut excavation construction method according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a second schematic structural view of a cutting-type cut excavation construction method according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a third structural view of the cutting-type excavated cutting construction method according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a schematic structural view of a stone cut according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
Illustration of the drawings:
10. rocks of the roadbed area of the target stone square section; 11. a target cutting layer; 12. longitudinal rock blocks; 13. a longitudinal drainage avoiding groove; 14. transverse rock blocks; 20. a cutting of the stone.
Detailed Description
The embodiments of the invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the invention can be embodied in many different forms, which are defined and covered by the following description.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method of cutting-type cut excavation of a cutting according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 2 is a first schematic construction view of a cutting-type excavated cutting construction method according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 3 is a second schematic construction view of the cutting-type cut excavation construction method according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 4 is a first schematic structural view of a cutting-type cut excavation construction method according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 5 is a second schematic structural view of a cutting-type cut excavation construction method according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 6 is a third structural view of the cutting-type excavated cutting construction method according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention; fig. 7 is a schematic structural view of a stone cut according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1, the construction method for cutting to excavate a cutting includes the following steps: s101, measuring and lofting to obtain the number of layers of the target cutting layers 11 of the rocks 10 in the target stone section roadbed area and corresponding cutting parameters of each layer of the target cutting layers 11, and S102, sequentially cutting each layer of the target cutting layers 11 from top to bottom according to the obtained number of layers of the target cutting layers 11 and the corresponding cutting parameters of each layer of the target cutting layers 11, and performing full-layer construction until the surface of the rocks 10 in the target stone section roadbed area is sunken to form a target stone cutting and the side slopes on two sides of the roadbed of the target stone cutting are in an outward-expanded step shape. Optionally, each layer of the target cutting layer 11 is cut sequentially from top to bottom, and the whole layer of each layer of the target cutting layer 11 is constructed until the surface of the rock 10 in the roadbed region of the target rock segment is sunken to form a target rock cutting, and the side slopes on two sides of the roadbed of the target rock cutting are in an outward-expanding step shape.
The invention relates to a construction method for cutting type excavation of a stone cutting, which cuts and constructs the target stone cutting with an outward-expanded side slope from the surface of rock 10 of a roadbed region of a target stone section. The cutting method is adopted to carry out excavation construction on the rocks, vibration is small, vibration waves and shock waves cannot be generated, the rock mass structures of the side slopes on the two sides of the roadbed of the target rock cutting are not damaged, the stability of the side slope structure of the target rock cutting is high, the influence on buildings around the construction area cannot be generated, and the requirement on the operation environment is low; the rock blocks can be reused after being taken out, so that the economic value is high; adopt cutting operation simultaneously, can accurate control cutting depth, it is accurate to slope excavation size control, can prevent to appear the overbreak and owe the condition of digging to guarantee the strict control of the slope elevation of target stone cutting, stable in structure, the outward appearance is effectual.
As shown in fig. 2 to 6, further, the step S101 of lofting measurement and obtaining the number of layers of the target cutting layer 11 of the rock 10 in the target stone block roadbed region specifically includes: s1011, measuring and lofting, obtaining an elevation height difference value of an excavation surface at the top of the rock 10 of the roadbed region of the target stone section and a base of the target stone cutting, S1012 calculating a lofting width according to the elevation height difference value and a preset slope gradient of the target stone cutting, S1013 obtaining the number of layers of the target cutting layer 11 according to the lofting width and the preset slope step width of the target stone cutting. Specifically, in this embodiment, after clearing, excavating and covering soil, a difference between a top elevation of a rock surface and a designed cutting base elevation is measured, and the difference in elevation is a cutting depth value c; acquiring a preset slope gradient of a target stone cutting; the method comprises the steps of obtaining preset side slope step width x of a target stone cutting, calculating slope releasing width b through a height difference value and a preset side slope gradient, calculating step number a through the slope releasing width and the preset side slope step width, calculating the number of layers of a target cutting layer 11 cut through the step number, calculating the height y of each step through the number of the target cutting layer 11 of the height difference value, and calculating the cutting depth value through the step height. Understandably, in order to ensure the structural stability and the aesthetic property of the target stone cutting, the preset slope gradient of the target stone cutting is (1:0.75) to (1: 0.8), and the preset slope step width is 0.6 m to 0.9 m, specifically, the following formula is adopted for calculation:
Optionally, in another preferred embodiment, the elevation height difference is 19.2 meters, the preset slope gradient is 1:0.75, and the preset slope step width is 0.8 meters. Because the height difference value is 19.2 meters, in order to ensure the bearing capacity and stability of the side slope, the preset slope gradient is 1:0.75, and the preset width of the step of the side slope is 0.8 meter.
In order to improve the cutting efficiency and the cutting precision, a total station is adopted to measure and loft a cutting sideline, wherein the cutting sideline comprises a fixed longitudinal cutting excavation sideline and a transverse cutting excavation sideline; the double-blade circular saw for the mine is adopted for cutting, and two cutting gaps can be formed by cutting once by the double-blade circular saw for the mine, so that a rock block with the lower surface connected with the mother rock is cut.
Further, the cutting parameters of each layer of target cutting layer 11 include a cutting surface range value of each layer of target cutting layer 11 and a cutting depth value of each layer of target cutting layer 11, wherein the obtaining of the cutting parameters of each layer of target cutting layer 11 of the target stone square section subgrade area rock 10 in step S101 specifically includes: s1014, acquiring a cutting surface range value of each layer of target cutting layer 11 according to the base width of the target stone cutting, the preset slope step width and the number of target cutting layers; and acquiring the cutting depth value of each target cutting layer 11 according to the elevation height difference and the number of the target cutting layers 11. The target stone cutting is constructed according to the preset slope gradient, and therefore stability of the target stone cutting structure is improved.
Further, step S102 specifically includes: s1021, determining longitudinal cutting and excavating edge line positions of two sides of each target cutting layer 11 according to the cutting surface range value of each target cutting layer 11 and a first preset cutting width value, and determining transverse cutting and excavating line positions of the whole target cutting layer 11 according to the cutting surface range value of each target cutting layer 11 and a second preset cutting width value; s1022, cutting and grooving the two sides of each target cutting layer 11 longitudinally respectively according to the longitudinal cutting excavation edge line and the cutting depth value, and further forming longitudinal drainage avoiding grooves 13 between the two sides of the target cutting layers 11 and the step slopes of the target stone cutting; s1023, performing multi-channel transverse seam cutting on the whole target cutting layer 11 with the longitudinal drainage avoiding groove 13 according to an excavation line and a cutting depth value of transverse cutting excavation, forming a transverse rock block 14 with the lower surface connected with mother rock between every two adjacent transverse seams, breaking rock, and taking out all the transverse rock blocks 14 to complete the whole layer construction of the target cutting layer 11; and S1024, repeating the steps S1021 and S1023, and sequentially carrying out full-layer excavation construction on each layer of target cutting layer 11 on the target stone section road bed area rock 10 from top to bottom until the surface of the target stone section road bed area rock 10 is sunken inwards to form a target stone cut and the side slopes on the two sides of the roadbed of the target stone cut are in an upwards-outwards-expanded step shape. The cutting and track laying of the first cutter is carried out on the outermost side of the side slope, the track laying direction is longitudinal cutting along the route direction, and each layer of target cutting layer 11 is longitudinally cut on two sides and grooved, so that the cutting side slope is guaranteed to be in a standard step shape, working space can be improved for the cutter during transverse cutting, the side slope is prevented from being damaged by cutter cutting, and meanwhile drainage of grooves of a foundation pit is facilitated.
Preferably, the longitudinal cutting excavation edge line position is determined according to the cutting surface range value and the first preset cutting width value of each target cutting layer 11; laying longitudinal rails on two sides of the target cutting layer 11 according to the longitudinal cutting excavation edge line position; erecting a cutting device on the longitudinal rail; cutting by cutting equipment along the longitudinal direction according to the cutting depth value, and further respectively cutting at least one longitudinal rock block 12 with the lower surface connected with the parent rock on two sides of the target cutting layer 11; and breaking the longitudinal rock block 12 and taking out the broken rock block, so that longitudinal drainage avoiding grooves 13 extending along the longitudinal direction are formed between the two sides of the target cutting layer 11 and the step side slopes of the target rock cutting. It is understood that, in the present embodiment, 1 to 2 longitudinal rock blocks 12 are respectively cut on one side of the target cutting layer 11, and each rock block has a width of 0.5 m to 0.7 m, so as to provide an escape space for the cutting device during the feeding and retracting processes, thereby being beneficial to ensuring the cutting precision of the transverse cutting and preventing the cutting device from being damaged. It will be appreciated that the first predetermined cutting width value is the width of longitudinal rock block 12 and the second predetermined cutting width value is the width of transverse rock block 14.
Track laying: before the tracks are laid, loose impurity soil and the like on the surfaces of supporting points are cleaned firstly to ensure that the supports are firmly and reliably installed, the width of the tracks is determined according to the minimum width of a machine table, the running stability of the tracks is kept, sleepers and wood points are adopted for leveling to ensure the horizontal and longitudinal horizontal states of the tracks, the tracks are reinforced after rechecking is carried out, and all the tracks are connected by bolts, wherein the condition of poor flatness is mainly reflected on the rock surface of the first layer, so that the working surface of the first layer is guaranteed to be leveled as much as possible when the surface layer is cleaned, and each layer of track is longitudinally laid on the outermost sides firstly; the cutting machine is in place, the circular saw cutting machine is placed on the rail by adopting a crane or a loading forklift, the bolt is adjusted to ensure that wheels of the cutting machine are accurately contacted with the rail, and after the cutting machine is installed in place, the cutting machine is checked again to confirm that each fastener is firm and reliable; and longitudinal cutting, namely cutting the outermost side of the target cutting layer 11 by a first cutter, and cutting longitudinal rock blocks 12 with lower surfaces connected with mother rocks at the two outermost sides of the target cutting layer 11, so that the cutting slope is in a standard step shape, the working space is improved for the blades when transverse cutting is carried out, the cutting slope is prevented from being damaged by cutter head cutting, and meanwhile drainage of a groove of a foundation pit is facilitated. And in the cutting process, the speed regulating knob is rotated to control the feed speed. When the rock is harder, the speed is slowed down. When the rock is soft, the speed can be properly accelerated. After the cutting is normal, the cutting head advances at a constant speed from shallow to deep. Specifically, each target cutting layer 11 is cut longitudinally along the two sides of the slope for 1-2 times, the width of each stone is 500-700 mm, the cutting depth is consistent, after the longitudinal cutting is finished, a gun head is used for blasting and caulking along a cutting seam, the stones are regularly broken into strips, and then are broken in sections, and the grooves are dug out, so that the longitudinal stone cutting is finished. And after the longitudinal cutting and slotting are finished, transverse rail laying is carried out, the loading machine starts to cut, and because the longitudinal slotting is carried out on the two sides, the whole length can be completely cut during the transverse cutting, the cutting depth is the same as that of the longitudinal cutting, and when the transverse cutting is finished, after the cutting of the current line is finished, the transverse rail is erected on the current rail to change the rail and move the machine, and the current rail is moved to the next rail to continue the operation. After the rock mass on the same layer is completely cut, a row of holes are drilled at the bottom of the first stone material along the route direction and the cutting surface vertically by using a percussion drill to prepare for hole squeezing and rock breaking. And finishing the cutting work of the single-layer rock mass.
Further, it is understood that in the present embodiment, the width of the transverse rock piece 14 is 0.6 m, and the groove width of the longitudinal drainage avoidance groove 13 is 0.5 m to 1.4 m in order to completely cut all the target cut layers 11 at the time of transverse cutting.
Further, S1022 specifically includes: laying longitudinal rails on two sides of the target cutting layer 11 according to the longitudinal cutting excavation edge line position; erecting a cutting device on the longitudinal rail; cutting by cutting equipment along the longitudinal direction according to the cutting depth value, and further respectively cutting at least one longitudinal rock block 12 with the lower surface connected with the parent rock on two sides of the target cutting layer 11; and breaking the longitudinal rock block 12 and taking out the broken rock block, so that longitudinal drainage avoiding grooves 13 extending along the longitudinal direction are formed between the two sides of the target cutting layer 11 and the step side slopes of the target rock cutting.
Furthermore, a plurality of groups of transverse rails are laid on the target cutting layer 11 with the longitudinal drainage avoiding groove 13 according to the position of a transverse cutting excavation line, and the transverse rails and the excavation line of transverse cutting excavation are arranged in a one-to-one correspondence manner; erecting cutting equipment on the transverse track, enabling the cutting equipment to cut in a transverse mode of feeding from a longitudinal drainage avoiding groove 13 on one side of a target cutting layer 11 and retracting from the other side of the longitudinal drainage avoiding groove 13 according to a cutting depth value so as to complete transverse seam cutting, cutting all transversely cut and excavated excavation lines on the target cutting layer 11 with the longitudinal drainage avoiding groove 13 so as to form a plurality of transverse seams which are distributed at intervals, and forming a transverse rock block 14 of which the lower surface is connected with mother rocks between every two adjacent transverse seams; breaking the rock takes out all the transverse rock pieces 14 and completes the construction of the full-thickness target cutting layer 11. After a plurality of transverse rock blocks 14 are formed on the target cutting layer 11 with the longitudinal drainage avoiding grooves 13 in a cutting mode, the transverse rock blocks 14 are broken and taken out one by one from the outer side of the target cutting layer 11 to the inner side in sequence, so that the construction of the whole target cutting layer 11 is completed, the rock is prevented from being broken, and the utilization value of the rock is favorably improved.
Further, S1022 specifically includes: erecting cutting equipment on the outermost transverse rail of the target cutting layer 11 with the longitudinal drainage avoiding groove 13; starting the cutting equipment to enable the cutting equipment to work to finish the cutting of the transverse seam on the current transverse track; after the current transverse rail finishes transverse seam cutting, a machine moving rail is erected on the current transverse rail to carry out rail changing and machine moving, and the cutting equipment is made to move to the adjacent transverse rail along the longitudinal direction to carry out next transverse seam cutting. Specifically, after the cutting equipment erected on one group of transverse rails completes one transverse seam cutting, the cutting equipment is moved to another group of transverse rails adjacent to the current rail by erecting a machine moving transition rail on the current rail to continue the operation.
Further, before step S101, the method further includes: s103, preparing for construction, and cleaning the surface of the rock 10 in the roadbed area of the target stone square section to provide a cutting operation platform. Specifically, construction preparation, the surface of the rock 10 in the target stone block roadbed region is processed until the working surface of the primary cutting layer reaches the size value of the preset cutting working surface, so that the cutting equipment is installed, and the surface of the primary cutting layer is cleaned so that the surface of the primary cutting layer is smooth, so that the cutting equipment can be constructed stably.
Optionally, when a track is erected, the falling point of the guide rail support is cleaned in advance, so that the foundation of the support is firm and reliable, and the rock surface is relatively flat; firstly, installing a longitudinally-cut steel guide rail, and reinforcing after rechecking the straightness and flatness of a cutting edge line; the transversely cut steel rails are then installed.
Optionally, when the cutting device is installed, the cutting depth is leveled and adjusted to ensure that the cutting depth of each layer is consistent and the cut surface is flat.
Optionally, when cutting by the cutting device, the cutting process: and cutting according to the same feed length, wherein the feed depth is adjusted according to the hardness of the rock, for example, the feed depth of the hard rock is set to be 5cm, and the feed depth of the soft rock is set to be 10 cm. And (5) the rail is reciprocated until the single layer bottom is cut. Cutting speed: the rotating speeds of the cutter heads are the same, and the travelling speed of the cutting machine is adjusted according to the hardness of the rock, so that the cutting speed is adjusted, the rock travels slowly and slowly, and the rock travels rapidly and slowly. The walking speed of the machine can be controlled according to construction experience (such as observing the size of cutting sparks). Cutting depth: the cutting equipment is provided with a limiter with an automatic limiting function, the cutting depth can be set in advance, and after the cutting depth is reached, the cutter head can be automatically lifted
Optionally, when breaking the rock connected to the parent rock: after cutting, the rock is in a long strip shape, the bottom of the rock is still integrated with the uncut rock body, and a row of holes are drilled along the bottom of the cut rock body and vertically arranged with the cutting surface by adopting the percussion drill. According to the width of a cut rock body, the bottom punching diameter is set to be 22mm, the punching depth is controlled to be 10-20 cm, and the hole distance is 20-30 cm. After the hole is punched, a conical steel nail is driven in to extrude the hole, so that the rock mass is fractured along the bottom surface, and the horizontal separation and the mother rock are separated. And (3) breaking the cut stone into a plurality of blocks by adopting a cannon head, numbering the stone according to specification, quality and the like, and loading and transporting the stone by adopting a loading forklift.
Referring to fig. 7, the present invention further provides a cutting 20 excavated by the above-mentioned cutting-type construction method, wherein the slopes at two sides of the cutting are step-shaped. The side slopes on the two sides of the roadbed of the stone cutting are in an outward-expanding step shape, the stability of the side slopes is high, and the appearance effect is good.
Referring to fig. 2, fig. 3, fig. 4, fig. 5 and fig. 6 again, the construction method of cutting-type cutting cut includes the following steps:
investigating and determining lithology of rock, analyzing renewable utilization value, and entering construction preparation after determining that the rock 10 in the roadbed area of the target stone section is available: after earth covering on the top surface of the rock is dug, the difference between the top elevation of the rock surface and the designed cutting base elevation is 19.2m, the slope gradient is preset to be 1:0.75, the slope releasing width is calculated to be 14.4m, the step width of the slope is preset to be 800mm, the cutting depth of each step is calculated to be 1066.7mm, and the step number is 18 steps.
According to the number of layers of the target cutting layer 11 and the corresponding cutting parameters of each layer of the target cutting layer 11, the first layer of the target cutting layer 11 is used for sequentially cutting each layer of the target cutting layer 11 from top to bottom and performing full-layer construction until the bottom layer of the target cutting layer 11 is moved out, so that the surface of the rock 10 in the foundation area of the target stone section is sunken to form a target stone cut, and the side slopes on two sides of the road surface of the target stone cut are in an outward-expanding step shape.
The following description will be made by taking the construction procedure of the first cut layer as an example:
the method comprises the following steps: and measuring longitudinal cutting excavation side lines on two sides of the first layer cutting layer and excavation lines excavated by full-layer transverse cutting by using a total station instrument, namely a first layer longitudinal rock cutting line and a plurality of first layer transverse rock cutting lines, wherein the cutting bottom elevation of the first layer rock and the last layer rock is strictly controlled during elevation control in order to ensure the gradient.
Step two: longitudinal rails are laid according to longitudinal cutting excavation side lines, loose impurity soil and the like on the surfaces of supporting points are cleaned before the longitudinal rails are laid, so that the support is guaranteed to be installed firmly and reliably, the width of the rails is determined according to the minimum width of a machine table, sleepers and wood points are adopted for leveling in order to keep the running stability of the rails, the transverse and longitudinal horizontal states of the rails are guaranteed, the rails are reinforced after rechecking is carried out, all the sections of the rails are connected through bolts, the poor flatness condition is mainly shown on the rock face of a first layer, and therefore the flatness of the working face of the first layer is guaranteed as much as possible when the surface layer is cleaned.
Wherein, in order to at first cut out vertical drainage on the first layer cutting layer and dodge recess 13, the first sword is along the rock of route direction (vertical cutting promptly) cutting first layer cutting layer both sides, thereby guarantee that the highest level of cutting side slope is standard step form, and improve working space for the blade and prevent that the blade disc cutting from destroying the side slope when horizontal cutting, do benefit to foundation ditch slot drainage simultaneously, then carry out horizontal rail laying along the excavation line of horizontal cutting excavation on the first layer cutting layer that has vertical drainage to dodge recess 13, carry out horizontal rock block 14 cutting.
Step three: erecting a double-cutter circular saw for mines on a longitudinal rail: a crane or a loading forklift is adopted to place the double-cutter circular saw for the mine on the track, the bolt is adjusted to enable wheels of the cutting machine to be accurately contacted with the track, after the cutting machine is installed in place, the cutting depth is adjusted to be consistent with the cutting depth value, and the fasteners are checked again to be firm and reliable.
Step four: mechanical cutting: the circular saw cutting machine is installed on the rail, is powered on to operate, starts to cut rocks, and when cutting starts, the feed speed is slow, and after all the blade edges enter the rocks, the feed speed can be accelerated. And in the cutting process, the speed regulating knob is rotated to control the feed speed. When the rock is harder, the speed is slowed down. When the rock is soft, the speed can be properly accelerated. After the cutting is normal, the cutting head advances at a constant speed from shallow to deep.
In operation specifically: firstly, cutting along the longitudinal direction at two sides of a first layer cutting layer, and cutting 1-2 longitudinal rock blocks 12, wherein the width of each rock block is 500-700 mm, the cutting depth is consistent, and the set depth is 1066.7 mm. After the longitudinal cutting is finished, the gun head is adopted to impact and extrude the seam along the cutting seam, so that the stone is regularly broken into strips, the strips are broken in a subsection mode, the grooves are dug out, the longitudinal stone is cut off, and longitudinal drainage avoiding grooves 13 are formed between the two sides of the first layer of cutting layer and the step side slope of the target stone cutting. After the longitudinal cutting and slotting are finished, transverse track laying is carried out, the loading machine starts to cut, and because the longitudinal slotting is carried out on the two sides, the whole length can be completely cut during the transverse cutting, the stone cutting width can be set to be 600mm according to the model, and the cutting depth is 1066.7mm which is the same as that of the longitudinal cutting. During transverse cutting, after the current line is cut into one piece, a transverse rail is erected on the current rail to change the rail and move the machine, and the current rail is moved to a nearby rail to continue operation. After the rock mass on the same layer is completely cut, a row of holes are drilled at the bottom of the first stone material along the route direction and the cutting surface vertically by using a percussion drill to prepare for hole squeezing and rock breaking. And finishing the cutting work of the single-layer rock mass.
Step five: and (5) carrying out hole-extruding rock breaking and loading. After cutting, the rock is in a long strip shape, the bottom of the rock is still integrated with the uncut rock body (mother rock), and a row of holes are drilled in the rock body along the bottom of the cut rock body and vertically arranged with the cutting surface by adopting a percussion drill. According to the width of the cut rock body, the bottom punching diameter is set to be 22mm, the punching depth is controlled to be 10-20 cm, and the hole spacing is 20-30 cm. After the hole is punched, a conical steel nail is driven in to extrude the hole, so that the rock mass is fractured along the bottom surface, and the horizontal separation and the mother rock are separated. And (3) breaking the cut stone into a plurality of blocks by adopting a cannon head, numbering the stone according to specification, quality and the like, loading and transporting the stone by adopting a loading forklift, and completely constructing a first-layer cutting layer.
And then, performing next layer construction by adopting the same procedure until the bottom cutting layer construction is finished. And (4) completing cutting of the rock mass in the same layer, and circularly cutting the next layer after all the rock masses are loaded and transported out. And (5) cutting the next layer, namely longitudinally laying rails, cutting and grooving, then transversely cutting all over the plane, and forking broken rocks and transporting the broken rocks outwards. The cutting depth of the longitudinal and transverse seams of each layer is always consistent with the proposed depth of 1066.7mm until the cutting of the last layer is finished. Specifically, after the rock mass on the same layer is completely cut, a row of holes are drilled at the position, perpendicular to the cutting surface, of the bottom of the first stone material along the route direction by using a percussion drill to prepare for hole squeezing and rock breaking. The cutting work of individual layer rock mass finishes, and the circulation carries out the next floor cutting, and the construction is cut according to the horizontal and vertical earlier, back transversal joint, and during the horizontal and vertical cutting, the next floor step width is left to accurate reservation.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes will occur to those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A construction method for cutting type excavated stone cutting is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s101, measuring and lofting to obtain the number of layers of target cutting layers (11) of rocks (10) in a roadbed area of a target stone square section and corresponding cutting parameters of each layer of the target cutting layers (11),
s102, sequentially cutting each layer of the target cutting layer (11) from top to bottom according to the obtained layer number of the target cutting layer (11) and the corresponding cutting parameter of each layer of the target cutting layer (11), and constructing the whole layer until the surface of rocks (10) in the roadbed area of the target stone section is sunken to form a target stone cutting, and enabling slopes on two sides of the roadbed of the target stone cutting to be in an outward-expanded step shape;
the step S101 of measuring and lofting to obtain the number of layers of the target cutting layer (11) of the rock (10) in the roadbed region of the target stone block section specifically comprises the following steps:
s1011, measuring and lofting to obtain the elevation height difference value of the excavation surface at the top of the rock (10) of the roadbed area of the target stone section and the base of the target stone cutting,
s1012, calculating the slope releasing width according to the elevation difference value and the preset slope gradient of the target stone cutting,
s1013, acquiring the number of layers of the target cutting layer (11) according to the slope releasing width and the preset slope step width of the target stone cutting;
the cutting parameters of each target cutting layer (11) include a cutting surface range value of each target cutting layer (11) and a cutting depth value of each target cutting layer (11), wherein the obtaining of the cutting parameters of each target cutting layer (11) of the target stone roadbed region rock (10) in step S101 specifically includes:
s1014, acquiring a cutting surface range value of each layer of the target cutting layer (11) according to the base width of the target stone cutting, the preset slope step width and the number of target cutting layers;
acquiring the cutting depth value of each layer of the target cutting layer (11) according to the height difference value and the number of layers of the target cutting layer (11);
step S102 specifically includes:
s1021, determining longitudinal cutting and excavating edge line positions of two sides of each target cutting layer (11) according to the cutting surface range value and a first preset cutting width value of each target cutting layer (11), and determining the transverse cutting and excavating line position of the whole target cutting layer (11) according to the cutting surface range value and a second preset cutting width value of each target cutting layer (11);
s1022, cutting and grooving the two sides of each target cutting layer (11) longitudinally according to longitudinal cutting excavation edge lines and cutting depth values, and further forming longitudinal drainage avoiding grooves (13) between the two sides of the target cutting layers (11) and step slopes of the target stone cut;
s1023, performing multi-channel transverse seam cutting on the whole target cutting layer (11) with the longitudinal drainage avoiding groove (13) according to an excavation line and a cutting depth value of transverse cutting excavation, forming a transverse rock block (14) with the lower surface connected with mother rock between every two adjacent transverse seams, breaking rock, taking out all the transverse rock blocks (14), and further completing the whole layer construction of the target cutting layer (11);
s1024, it is right from last to in proper order to repeat step S1021 and S1023 each layer on regional rock of target stone side road bed (10) target cutting layer (11) carry out the construction of full-thickness excavation, until making the surface invagination formation of regional rock of target stone side road bed (10) target stone side road bed cutting, and make the side slope of the both sides of the road bed of target stone side road cutting is the stairstepping that upwards expands outward.
2. The cutting type excavation stone cutting construction method of claim 1,
s1022 specifically includes:
laying longitudinal rails on two sides of the target cutting layer (11) according to the longitudinal cutting excavation side line position;
erecting a cutting device on the longitudinal rail;
cutting the target cutting layer (11) by cutting equipment along the longitudinal direction according to the cutting depth value, and further respectively cutting at least one longitudinal rock block (12) with the lower surface connected with the mother rock on two sides of the target cutting layer;
and breaking the longitudinal rock block (12) and taking out the rock block, so that a longitudinal drainage avoiding groove (13) extending along the longitudinal direction is formed between the two sides of the target cutting layer (11) and the step slope of the target rock cutting.
3. The cutting type excavation stone cutting construction method of claim 2,
the groove width of the longitudinal drainage avoiding groove (13) is 0.5-1.4 m.
4. The cut excavation stone cut construction method according to claim 2,
s1023 specifically includes:
paving a plurality of groups of transverse rails on the target cutting layer (11) with the longitudinal drainage avoiding grooves (13) according to the positions of the transverse cutting excavation lines, wherein the transverse rails and the excavation lines of transverse cutting excavation are arranged in a one-to-one correspondence manner;
erecting a cutting device on the transverse rail,
enabling cutting equipment to transversely cut in a mode of feeding from the longitudinal drainage avoiding groove (13) on one side of the target cutting layer (11) and retracting from the other side of the longitudinal drainage avoiding groove (13) according to cutting depth values so as to complete transverse seam cutting, cutting all excavation lines of transverse cutting excavation on the target cutting layer (11) with the longitudinal drainage avoiding groove (13), further forming a plurality of transverse seams which are distributed at intervals, and forming a transverse rock block (14) of which the lower surface is connected with parent rock between every two adjacent transverse seams;
and breaking the rock and taking out all transverse rock blocks (14) so as to complete the construction of the whole layer of the target cutting layer (11).
5. The cutting type excavation stone cutting construction method of claim 4,
erecting a cutting device on the outermost transverse rail of the target cutting layer (11) with the longitudinal drainage avoiding groove (13);
starting the cutting equipment to enable the cutting equipment to work to finish the cutting of the transverse seam on the current transverse track;
after the current transverse rail finishes transverse seam cutting, a machine moving rail is erected on the current transverse rail to carry out rail changing and machine moving, and the cutting equipment is made to move to the adjacent transverse rail along the longitudinal direction to carry out next transverse seam cutting.
6. The cutting type excavation stone cutting construction method of claim 1,
before step S101, the method further includes: s103, construction preparation, namely cleaning the surface of the rock (10) of the roadbed area of the target stone square section to provide a cutting operation platform.
7. A stone cutting is characterized in that,
the cutting type stone cutting construction method of any one of claims 1 to 6 is adopted to cut the stone cutting, and the slopes on the two sides of the stone cutting are in a step shape expanding upwards and outwards.
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