CN114991770A - Island working surface grouting scour prevention stoping method based on multistage divergent type directional well - Google Patents
Island working surface grouting scour prevention stoping method based on multistage divergent type directional well Download PDFInfo
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- E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
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- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of island working surface safety recovery, in particular to an island working surface grouting anti-scour recovery method based on a multistage divergent directional well, which comprises the following specific steps of: s1: drilling positioning and drill mounting: s2: drilling a hole in a vertical well-opening section; s3: a directional drilling process of positive circulation rotary drilling is adopted; s4: drilling a water flowing crack with three well sections; s5: drilling to a grouting target interval, and completing the hole forming of each stage of the branch well with a water guiding fracture zone three-well interval: s6: after grouting, drilling holes, and cleaning the drilled hole walls; s7: grouting and filling: s8: forming a safe and stable section; s9: and (5) detecting after construction, and comprehensively evaluating the filling and grouting quality. The invention solves the problem that the island working face is threatened by rock burst disasters in the recovery process, and the designed anti-impact technology based on the multistage divergent branch directional drilling grouting can effectively improve the working face stress environment, reduce the pressure and prevent impact, and realize the safe and efficient recovery of the island working face.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of safe stoping of an island working face, in particular to a novel filling process of a goaf, which can effectively prevent rock burst and achieve the aim of safe production in the mining process of the island working face, and particularly relates to a grouting scour prevention stoping method of the island working face based on a multistage divergent directional well.
Background
When existing building structures which are inconvenient to remove exist on the surface of a coal field, in order to reduce damage of mining disturbance to the ground building structures, strip mining is a common mining method, and the structural principle of an island working face/strip goaf plan is shown in fig. 1. However, strip mining is easy to form isolated island coal pillars in the well field, and the difficulty of rock burst prevention is increased.
Because the motion of a C-shaped overlying strata space structure is easily caused in the recovery process of an island working surface, high stress concentration (the superposition of supporting pressure at the mining area side and the advanced supporting pressure of the working surface) is formed in the surrounding rocks of the two crossroads in the advanced influence range, and in addition, because the diagenetic time and the mineral composition are different in the coal-series rock stratum, the thickness, the mechanical property and other aspects of each rock stratum have different degrees of difference. The harder thick rock layers play a main control role in deformation and damage of overlying rock bodies in the stope, the harder thick rock layers support the pressure of upper rock bodies in a certain mechanical structure form (plates or beams and the like for simplification), and the structural form (such as masonry beams) formed after the harder thick rock layers are broken directly influences the stope mine pressure display and rock layer movement. We refer to as key layers, such formations can be subjected to large horizontal stresses, accumulating large amounts of energy, and sudden fracturing of such formations, which can easily induce rock burst.
During the working face extraction period, the multiple groups of hard top plates existing in the overburden rock top plate are primarily collapsed and periodically broken, so that the working face is greatly influenced, and the 'shock-impact' type rock burst is possibly generated.
Along with the stoping of the working face, the area of the goaf is continuously increased, the overlying strata of the coal seam is continuously cracked, the horizontal stress is continuously developed upwards, the stress of the upper key layer is increased, and after the strength of the key layer is exceeded, the key layer is cracked to form rock burst (low position) or induce mine earthquake (high position).
In addition, after large-area gob-side mining (continuous mining of more than 2 strip faces) under the condition of an island working face, the movement of an S-shaped overburden space structure is formed, and high stress concentration (superposition of gob-side supporting pressure and working face leading supporting pressure) is formed in surrounding rocks within the leading influence range along an gob-side crossheading, so that rock burst is easily induced. Moreover, the reserved coal pillars for strip mining are wider, the recovery rate of the coal bed is low, and the village is seriously pressed.
The rock burst dangerous area can seriously affect the safety production of a mine, so the monitoring and prevention work of the rock burst must be enhanced, the mine pressure observation fully covers the whole mine excavation working face, corresponding measures are taken in time for a pressure display section, the rock burst is prevented from occurring, and the safety production is ensured.
The conventional measures for preventing and treating rock burst at present are as follows: establishing a rock burst monitoring comprehensive early warning platform, collecting various rock burst monitoring, engineering and mine pressure data, realizing multi-factor comprehensive data collection, analysis, early warning, comprehensive analysis, system judgment, purposefully formulating anti-impact measures, guiding and serving for rock burst prevention and control; the specific process means is as follows: compiling anti-scour measures through company organization expert evaluation; and (4) utilizing automatic monitoring equipment to grasp stress distribution and evolution conditions of each operation site in time. The stress concentration area is checked in advance according to each monitoring data, and pressure relief measures such as large-diameter drilling pressure relief, coal bed blasting, top plate pre-splitting, coal bed bottom plate pressure relief and the like are adopted; and during the tunneling, comprehensive support modes such as anchor rods, anchor cables, W steel belts, metal meshes and the like are adopted. The regional personnel limitation of all operation places is implemented, all entering personnel must sign in, get the number plate to enter, adhere to the principle of 'go-out-one-in-one', and strictly forbid the personnel from exceeding the limit; the protection mode of the anti-rush clothes and the safety helmet is adopted.
When the conventional rock burst prevention and control measures are applied to the island working face mining process, the good expectation cannot be achieved due to the particularity of the island working face structure and the mining working condition.
In order to eliminate potential safety hazards caused by rock burst in the island working face and realize safe anti-impact mining of the island working face, after years of working experience of constructors of application units is summarized, a novel island working face safe stoping grouting filling technology is designed to better solve the problems in the prior art.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve one of the technical problems, slurry is cemented in a goaf to break rock lumps to form slurry concretion bodies and support a coal seam roof through grouting and filling, so that the stability of an overlying rock layer on an island working surface is guaranteed, the roof pressure of the island working surface is reduced, the possibility of rock burst is reduced in principle, and after filling treatment, safe recovery of the island working surface is realized, and the adopted technical scheme is as follows: the island working face grouting scour prevention stoping method based on the multistage divergent directional well is characterized in that divergent directional holes in the island working face grouting scour prevention stoping method based on the multistage divergent directional well adopt a multistage divergent directional hole structure, the multistage divergent directional hole structure comprises a vertical well block, a bedrock section two-well opening block is arranged at the tail end of the vertical well block, and a water diversion fracture zone three-well opening block is arranged at the tail end of each bedrock section two-well opening block;
the island working surface grouting scour prevention stoping method based on the multistage divergent directional well comprises the following specific steps:
s1: drilling positioning and drill mounting:
the drilling positioning method comprises the following specific steps:
selecting a proper position as an opening position of a vertical well opening section of a grouting construction drill hole in a goaf of an island working face;
the grouting drilling adopts a single/double-row uniform distribution mode;
determining a track of a second well opening section in the second well opening section of the bedrock section according to the geological conditions of the site, and setting coordinates of a branch point of the second well opening section in the second well opening section of the bedrock section and a drilling inclination angle;
determining a target grouting layer to grout the top of the target interval, namely: the upper boundary of the fracture zone is a starting point of the three-opening interval of the water flowing fracture zone, and the bottom of the target interval is grouted, namely: a coal seam bottom plate of the gob is a terminal point of a water diversion fracture zone three-well interval;
s2: drilling a hole in a vertical well-opening section;
before drilling, drilling equipment and a circulating system are well installed and debugged, and sufficient pre-hydrated bentonite base slurry is prepared;
vertically drilling, and forming a hole at a vertical well opening section;
in the process of forming the hole in the vertical well-opening section, firstly constructing a branch hole of the vertical well-opening section, drilling the branch hole to form the hole, starting grouting and filling, performing multiple hole-sweeping re-grouting after grouting and pressure rise, and waiting for setting for 48-72 hours after the grouting final hole standard is reached;
after vertical drilling, a retaining wall casing needs to be placed under the loose layer, well cementation cement slurry is poured to pour the retaining wall casing, after well cementation is completed, a compression test is carried out, and after the test is qualified, subsequent operation can be carried out.
In the vertical well opening stage, when difficult slag discharge occurs, the slurry can be adjusted and prepared to be used as drilling circulating liquid to improve slag carrying capacity;
s3: adopting a directional drilling process of positive circulation rotary drilling, measuring an inclination angle and an azimuth angle while drilling, and forming a hole in a second well opening section of a second well opening zone section of a bedrock section;
adding a directional deflection section according to the requirement, wherein a plurality of branch holes are formed in a second well opening section of the bedrock section according to a design track, and each branch hole is divided into a directional deflection section and a stable deflection section;
drilling each level of branch holes of the second open-hole interval of the bedrock section on the upper side of each level of branch hole in the process of forming the hole of the second open-hole interval of the bedrock section, and grouting and reinforcing the hole wall of each level of branch hole after drilling;
the large-discharge clear water is used for drilling, the concentration of the annular rock debris is reduced, and the deviation section ensures that a well hole is clean;
after deflecting, comprehensively implementing the anti-drag and anti-blocking measures;
performing logging operation during drilling, logging while drilling, making original record of a drill hole during drilling, and recording the drilling speed; in the drilling process, when water leakage, hole collapse, hole shrinkage, drill dropping and other phenomena occur, the position, depth and magnitude of the drilling process are recorded in detail, and important links such as diameter changing and layer changing are also recorded in detail; logging the rock debris, arranging and summarizing a rock debris logging table in real time, and performing a check on the stratum; simple hydrological observation records are carried out in the drilling process, and the consumption of the circulating fluid is recorded in detail;
the purpose of logging during drilling is to ensure the safety of rock formations above a goaf of an island working surface during drilling and to quickly cope with accidents according to drilling conditions;
the logging operation specifically comprises: rock debris logging, logging while drilling, simple hydrological observation and the like;
s4: drilling a three-opening well section with a three-opening well section in a water flowing fracture;
when a three-well interval is drilled in a drilled water flowing fracture zone, a three-well-opening section needs to be drilled and constructed on each level of branch holes in a bedrock section and a second drilled-well interval to form step-by-step divergent expanded branch holes, because the hole walls of the vertical one-well-opening section, each level of branch holes and the previous level of branch holes of the current branch hole are reinforced by grouting, the hole walls are complete, the lateral drilling success rate of the next level of branch holes is high, the speed is high, and the drilling construction is ensured to be safer and more efficient;
s5: drilling to a grouting target interval, and completing the hole forming of each stage of the branch well with a water guiding fracture zone three-well interval:
directly observing the slurry filling condition of the goaf through drilling and coring; recording and calculating the core sampling rate and RQD in detail in the drilling process; the filling and cementing degree of the grout on the cavities and the fractures, the hardness degree and the integrity of the grout concretion body and the like are described in a key way, a detection drilling histogram is drawn, and core image data are made;
logging while drilling is carried out in the drilling process, the logging while drilling is suitable for inclined drilling holes with different inclination angles, a logging instrument is additionally arranged at the position of a drill collar of a drilling tool, and various parameters of the stratum of the inclined directional drilling holes are collected by the logging while drilling;
s6: after the grouting drilling hole is formed, cleaning the drilled hole wall, adopting a drilling imaging technology to image the whole section of continuous drilling of the bedrock section, observing the fracture condition of the hole wall of the drilling hole, and providing a basis for selecting grouting filling parameters such as slurry type, grouting pressure, grouting flow and the like; (ii) a
S7: grouting and filling:
grouting the slurry from the upper wellhead of the vertical well-opening section to the inside, and controlling grouting parameters at all times in the grouting process;
s8: after grouting is finished, forming a safety and stability section in the goaf of the island working face after grouting, and reducing the probability of rock burst in the stoping process of the island working face;
s9: and (5) detecting after construction, and comprehensively evaluating the filling and grouting quality.
In any of the above schemes, preferably, each branch hole in each water flowing fractured zone three-well interval is an effective grouting section directional drilling hole.
In any of the above schemes, preferably, at least one row of directional drilling holes of the effective grouting section are arranged for the strip goaf with the mining width less than 50 m; and at least two rows of directional drilling holes of effective grouting sections are arranged for the strip goaf with the mining width larger than 60 m.
In any of the above solutions, it is preferable that the target point spacing of directional drilling of adjacent effective grouting sections is between 30 and 60 m.
In any of the above schemes, it is preferable that the drilling circulation fluid is kept in a monitoring state during drilling of each branch hole in the first vertical well opening section, the second bedrock section and the third water flowing fracture zone and well opening section.
In any of the above schemes, preferably, in the monitoring process, when the consumption of the drilling circulating fluid is not large, the directional drilling machine can drill in a top leakage manner without special treatment;
when the drilling circulating fluid is seriously consumed or is completely leaked, the slag carrying capacity of the drilling fluid is weaker, more rock debris is in the drill hole, the drilling accident is judged to be easy to occur, in order to ensure the smooth hole forming of the drill hole and avoid the drilling accident, at the moment, when the top leakage drill is drilled for 5-10m, the drilling tool is lifted for 2-5m, cement-based composite slurry is poured into the pressure in the drill hole through a drill rod to improve the plugging effect (coarse particle slurry is not poured in the hole), the slurry leaking stratum is plugged, the broken well wall is reinforced, and the hole forming is continued after the completion of pouring for 36-72 h;
if the whole broken layer section is longer, a sectional advancing drilling mode of sectional drilling and sectional grouting plugging is adopted.
And for the condition that the well wall of the lost formation is stable, a microbubble mud drilling technology is adopted, the density of the drilling fluid is reduced to below 1.0g/cm3 so as to realize top leakage drilling, and the leakage amount is in a controllable range.
In any of the above schemes, preferably, the number of each stage of branch holes of the water flowing fractured zone three-well partitioned section is 10-20.
In any scheme, preferably, a phi 311.15mm drill bit is adopted to open a hole in the vertical well-opening section, a J55 steel grade phi 244.5mm multiplied by 8.94mm surface casing pipe is put into the vertical well-opening section after penetrating a unconsolidated layer and entering a bedrock for 20m (about 170 m), and well-cementing cement returns to the ground;
a second well opening section of the bedrock section is swept and plugged by a phi 215.9mm drill bit and then drilled to a branch point, then an N80 steel grade phi 177.8mm technical casing is put in, and the well cementation cement returns to the ground;
and (3) directionally drilling the three-opening section with the three-opening section of the water flowing fracture into the target spot of the target goaf by adopting a phi 152.4mm drill bit, and grouting 3-9 branches of each well.
Adopting slurry wall protection to form a hole in a loose layer, and adopting clear water drilling to drill in a bedrock section;
the directional drilling machine can measure the inclination in real time while drilling and correct the deviation in time, and the inclination of a real drilling hole is kept to be not more than 1 degree/100 m according to the design requirement;
the process flow of the multistage divergent directional drilling comprises the following steps:
the integral construction sequence of each branch hole of the directional drilling: and constructing branch by branch from near to far, and sidetrack drilling the next-stage branch hole from the upper-stage branch hole.
In any scheme, preferably, during the process of forming the hole of the two well-opening section in the section of the second well-opening section of the bedrock section, grouting is performed when the bedrock is drilled to the position of sectional hole forming, and after grouting is completed, hole sweeping is continued to be drilled to the designed depth, so that the hole forming of each level of branch holes in the section of the second well-opening section of the bedrock section is finally completed; and the times of sectional grouting are determined according to the actual situation on site.
In any of the above embodiments, the specific operation steps of post-construction detection and comprehensive evaluation of filling and grouting quality in step S9 are as follows: a1: directional drilling hole layout and track design;
drilling and laying: selecting a drilling hole with a proper position for grouting construction as a well-opening section, arranging drilling hole drop points in a key treatment area, and checking the completion effect of a treatment scheme; when the technology is used for filling and processing the foundation of the coal mining subsidence area, the importance degree of the building on the ground at the working surface of the proposed island needs to be considered, and the part which is considered to have problems in grouting quality needs to be analyzed, so that potential quality problems are eliminated, and the safety of the proposed building is guaranteed.
Track design: the directional drilling track takes the top of a grouting target interval (the upper boundary of a fracture zone) as a first positioning point and takes the bottom of the grouting target interval (the coal seam floor of a goaf) as a second positioning point;
determining the track of three-opening branch drilling according to the geological conditions of the field, setting the coordinates of the three-opening branch point and the inclination angle of the drilling hole
A2: directional drilling and pore-forming of the detection well;
the method for detecting the directional drilling and pore-forming of the well specifically comprises the following steps:
a201: and (3) drilling construction, namely installing and debugging drilling equipment and a circulating system before drilling, and simultaneously preparing sufficient pre-hydrated bentonite base slurry.
Detecting a first well opening section of the drilled hole, extending a grouting construction drilled hole to be a vertical section, adding a directional inclined guide section according to needs, and opening branch holes on a second well opening section and a third well opening section according to a designed track after the grouting drilled hole is swept again, wherein the branch holes are divided into a directional inclined making section and a stable inclined section;
the method adopts a directional drilling process of forward circulation rotary drilling and bedrock section coring, and measures the inclination angle and the azimuth angle while drilling. Clear water drilling is adopted in principle, large-displacement drilling is utilized, the concentration of annular rock debris is reduced, and a deviation making section ensures that a well hole is clean;
after deflecting, the anti-drag and anti-blocking measures are implemented comprehensively;
in the first hole-sweeping stage, when difficult slag discharge occurs, the slurry can be mixed to serve as drilling circulating liquid to improve slag carrying capacity;
a202: logging while drilling:
the logging operation is carried out in the drilling process, and the method specifically comprises the following steps: rock debris logging, logging while drilling, simple hydrological observation and the like.
Logging during drilling, making original record of drilling during drilling, and recording drilling speed; in the drilling process, when water leakage, hole collapse, hole shrinkage, drill falling and other phenomena occur, the layer position, the depth and the value of the drilling process are recorded in detail, and important links such as diameter changing and layer changing are also recorded in detail;
logging the rock debris, arranging and summarizing a rock debris logging table in real time, and performing a check on the stratum;
and simple hydrological observation and recording are carried out in the drilling process, and the consumption of the circulating liquid is recorded in detail.
A203: coring in the grouting layer section;
drilling to a grouting target interval and starting coring, and directly observing the slurry filling condition of a goaf through drilling coring;
recording and calculating the core sampling rate and RQD in detail in the drilling process; the filling and cementing degree of the grout on the cavities and the fractures, the hardness degree and the integrity of the grout concretion body and the like are described in a key way, a detection drilling histogram is drawn, and core image data are made;
the purpose of coring in the grouting layer section is to judge the filling effect by observing and analyzing the rock core, and is different from the coring purpose in the filling process;
a3: logging while drilling:
logging while drilling in the filled area can be suitable for inclined drilling holes with different inclination angles, a logging instrument is additionally arranged at the position of a drill collar of a drilling tool, and various parameters of the stratum of the inclined directional drilling hole are collected by logging while drilling;
a4: drilling a television:
after the hole forming of the drill hole is detected, the hole wall of the drill hole is cleaned, the drilling imaging technology is adopted to image the whole continuous drilling of the bedrock section, and the lithology of the hole wall, the integrity degree of a concretion body and a rock body, the crack distribution, the cavity ratio and the like are directly observed; judging the filling effect and quality according to the observation condition;
a5: and (3) field grouting test:
after the operation, grouting detection is carried out on the detection drill hole, grouting process parameters and grouting slurry proportion are consistent with those in the construction stage, and grouting data are recorded;
a6: indoor strength test:
and drilling and coring to obtain a slurry stone body, and conveying the slurry stone body to a laboratory for indoor unconfined compressive strength test after standard maintenance for 72 h.
A7: comprehensively evaluating grouting quality according to post-construction detection data;
directly observing the slurry filling condition of the goaf through the core taking of the bedrock section of the inspection hole and the television in the hole;
calculating the grouting filling rate according to the drilling television and the grouting test result;
and judging the cementation condition of the serous fluid concretion body and the surrounding rock according to the sampling rate of the drilling core and the integrity degree of the core.
According to the coal field well logging, judging the uniformity of filling and grouting, the integrity of a hole wall and the like;
grasping the mechanical strength improvement degree of the slurry on the broken rock stratum according to a stone body strength test;
and comprehensively evaluating grouting quality according to the data obtained from A2 to A4. Directly observing the slurry filling condition of the goaf through directional hole bedrock section coring and a hole television; calculating the grouting filling rate according to the drilling television and the grouting test result; and judging the cementation condition of the serous fluid concretion body and the surrounding rock according to the sampling rate of the drilling core and the integrity degree of the core. According to the coal field well logging, judging the uniformity of filling and grouting, the integrity of a hole wall and the like; and (4) mastering the mechanical strength improvement degree of the slurry on the broken rock stratum according to the stone body strength test.
And comprehensively evaluating the treatment quality after construction according to the quality detection result of the inspection hole and by combining the analysis of the drilling and grouting construction record and the grouting result data.
In any scheme, preferably, in the process operation of detecting after work and comprehensively evaluating the filling and grouting quality, the distance between the second positioning points of the branches of the directional drilling in the area after grouting and filling is 50-100m according to the size of the detection range;
the directional drilling hole enters the coal seam floor of the goaf to be not less than 6 m;
checking the length of the drilling tool and the well depth every 50m, wherein the error of the well depth cannot exceed 0.1 m.
The inclination angle and the azimuth angle are measured at least once every 25m by directional drilling, and the measurement accuracy of the inclination angle and the azimuth angle of the drilling is +/-0.1 degrees and +/-3 degrees respectively;
accurately controlling the drilling track, and correcting while drilling when the track has deviation;
corresponding drilling parameters are adopted according to different drilling tools during drilling:
the bit pressure is 10-80kN, the rotating speed is 30-60r/min, and the discharge capacity is 15-45L/s. In the hole sweeping operation of an open straight well section, in order to prevent the accident of drill slag burying, a light-pressure slow-advancing method is adopted, and the pump discharge capacity is properly increased.
The drilling of the second-opening section can properly increase the bit pressure and the rotating speed, in order to ensure that the screw rod works normally, the pump discharge capacity is slightly reduced, and the screw rod enters a target layer, and a drilling mode with high bit pressure and low rotating speed is adopted to overcome the problem of well wall pressure supporting.
In order to accurately judge the lithology change, 1 drilling time point is recorded every 1m from the beginning of seeing the bedrock to well completion.
The relative stability of drilling parameters is maintained so as to improve the effectiveness of the drilling parameters in reflecting the lithology of the stratum and record non-geological factors causing the false drilling. And (3) logging the rock debris, fishing 1 packet of rock debris from 2-4 m of a bedrock non-grouting target layer well section, fishing 1 packet of rock debris from every 1m of the target layer well section, and well identifying to establish a stratum profile.
The hydrological observation is that the water level (liquid level in the hole) is measured once after the drill is pulled out and before the drill is pulled down; under normal conditions, recording the consumption of the drilling fluid (the liquid level of a mud pit) every 2 hours of drilling; and recording the drilling fluid consumption every 1h after entering the grouting target interval, and observing the drilling fluid consumption when the drilling fluid consumption is less than 1h but more than 30 min. And encrypting the record when the leakage layer section is encountered.
The core sampling rate of each turn of the bedrock section is required to be not less than 90%. Compared with the grouting treatment, the RQD of the rock core is improved, no drilling drop occurs in the drilling process, and the footage speed is reduced, so that the grouting quality is qualified.
And in the step A3, logging while drilling for each detection drilling hole, measuring the sound wave velocity of rock stratum in the hole, and converting the sound wave velocity into the transverse wave velocity. The wave speed of the transverse wave is required to be not less than 300 m/s; in addition, the goaf and overlying strata fracture grouting filling quality is indirectly analyzed and judged by measuring indexes such as rock stratum volume density, lateral resistivity, natural potential, natural gamma, long-short source distance, well diameter and the like, and the comparison with the investigation data is required to be obviously improved.
In any of the above schemes, preferably, the qualified conditions in the drilling television in a4 are that the goaf and the caving fracture zone thereof have obvious serous concretion bodies, no obvious cavity exists, and the integrity of the hole wall of the grouting section is superior to that of the hole wall of the exploration hole before treatment.
In the A5 medium-pressure grouting test, the grouting pressure gradually rises at the last stage of drilling and grouting, and after the grouting pressure reaches the designed final hole end pressure, the hole grouting detection can be ended when the unit grouting amount is less than 50L/min and is stable for more than 15 min. The evaluation index of the grouting test is the grouting test ratio, and the calculation method is the ratio of the grouting amount to the sum of the grouting amount and the grouting amount in the same evaluation range. And (3) comprehensively calculating the filling rate of the slurry to the goaf caving fracture zone according to the results of the in-hole imaging and grouting test, and calculating that the filling coefficient reaches more than 90 percent to be qualified.
The A6 rock bond strength test requires that the length of a single sample is more than 10cm, each hole is not less than 2 groups, and each group comprises 3 samples. And when the length of a single sample is less than 10cm, testing the compressive strength of the stone body by adopting a point load test.
And after goaf filling treatment on two sides of the island working surface, the uniaxial compressive strength of the slurry stone body is not lower than that of the coal briquette on the working surface.
Compared with the existing vertical drilling detection technical method, the drilling technical method for post-construction detection has the following positive effects:
1. the directional drilling technology is advanced, a multi-stage divergent branch hole structure is adopted, the hole opening position can be obviously reduced, the construction occupied area is small, the social influence is small, and the damage to the earth surface environment is small.
2. Short construction period and low cost. The directional detection drilling method adopts the early stage grouting construction drilling as a well opening section, and follows the principle of one hole with multiple purposes. Only need newly increase branch drilling can, newly increase drilling footage few, directional drilling speed is fast, the pore-forming cycle is short, and construction cost is low.
3. The application range is wide. The method is not only suitable for conventional working conditions, but also has the problems of occupation of urban roads, urban land and house removal, social influence and the like for a detection area in an urban range, and the ground does not always have the construction conditions for implementing vertical drilling. The directional drilling technology has stronger site adaptability and is suitable for sites without vertical drilling construction conditions on the ground. The positions of the holes are flexibly adjusted by setting different angles and branch tracks.
4. The positioning is accurate, and the deviation of the drilling track is small.
For a goaf of the ground planning engineering construction, the goaf is generally arranged in important key areas such as important construction foundations and the like; and for the goafs on two sides of the island working surface, detecting the width range of 30m close to the two sides of the working surface and the withdrawal channel area of the island working surface or the construction abnormal area with the potential grouting quality hazard.
If the deviation of the drilling drop point from the hole opening position is too large, the post-construction detection effect is seriously influenced. For deep goafs with burial depths greater than 500m, the drop point deviation may exceed 10m for every 1 ° of inclination using conventional vertical drilling techniques. The directional drilling can be measured while drilling, continuous deviation correction is carried out, the track is controlled by adopting double targets, and the position of a drop point is accurate.
5. The mud pump that directional drilling adopted discharge capacity is bigger, and it is cleaner to the drilling pore wall at the drilling in-process, and drilling circulation fluid flow is big, carries the sediment ability reinforce, and sediment such as downthehole rock dust is less, is favorable to detection achievement such as well logging, downthehole TV.
6. Logging while drilling and logging are integrated, relevant parameters such as formation density and shear wave velocity are collected at the first time, the testing precision is high, and the operation is simple, convenient and efficient.
Compared with the prior art, the integral drilling and filling technology has the following beneficial effects:
1. the invention solves the problem that the island working face is threatened by rock burst disasters in the recovery process, and the designed anti-impact technology based on the multistage divergent branch directional drilling grouting can effectively improve the working face stress environment, reduce the pressure and prevent impact, and realize the safe and efficient recovery of the island working face.
2. Meanwhile, the deformation of the earth surface can be controlled, the coal pressing resources of the existing building can be effectively released, the land resources in the coal mining subsidence area can be recycled, and the urban construction land is increased.
3. The multistage distributed directional drilling structure can effectively ensure the safety of hole forming, and simultaneously, the multistage directional holes can also conveniently process sudden accidents in construction.
4. The invention adopts multi-stage divergent directional drilling during filling, can effectively reduce the workload of the upper invalid layer section, improve the ratio of the valid sections, reduce the detection cost and improve the economic rationality of the detection technology.
5. The goaf of a certain range of the island working surface is filled and managed, the drilling footage of the multistage distributed directional drilling technology can be shorter than that of vertical drilling and other directional drilling, the occupation ratio of effective grouting hole sections is high, a large amount of drilling cost is saved, and the technical economy is more remarkable particularly for the goaf of a deep thick unconsolidated formation.
6. In the process of treating the strip goaf, compared with vertical drilling, the effective grouting sections of the multistage distributed directional drilling are more, the effect is better, and especially for deep goafs, the ineffective sections of common vertical drilling are overlong, and the grouting effect is poor.
7. Besides the advantages of filling treatment, the method also has advantages in detection after work in the goaf.
8. The adoption of multi-stage distributed directional drilling can effectively reduce the number of drilled holes and the input of equipment and personnel, and the construction occupies less land, the arrangement of the drilling positions is flexible, and the technical method has wide applicability.
9. From the aspect of the spatial distribution form of the drilling track, the multistage divergent branch directional hole is more reasonable than the vertical hole track, the plane projection of the vertical drilling track is a point, the plane projection of the multistage divergent branch directional hole track is a line, the drilling hole obliquely penetrates through the caving fracture zone, the interval of the multistage branch hole at the upper part of the caving fracture zone is small, and the problem that the upper part of the caving fracture zone is difficult to grout can be effectively solved.
10. The multistage divergent branch directional hole is applied to extraction of an island working surface, and the advantage of rock burst of the deep island working surface is eliminated; the stress environment of the working surface is improved, the pressure is reduced, the impact is prevented, and the safe recovery of the island working surface is guaranteed.
In addition, the technology can be applied to the fields of coal seam water retention filling mining, overlying strata abscission layer grouting and the like.
In addition, the invention also has a plurality of advantages during the quality detection construction of the filled area after filling:
1. the directional drilling is innovatively applied to detection after goaf treatment workers, and a new technical method is provided for quality detection after goaf grouting treatment workers on an island working surface. The directional drilling technology is advanced, a multi-stage divergent branch hole structure is adopted, the hole opening position can be obviously reduced, the construction occupied area is small, the social influence is small, and the damage to the earth surface environment is small.
2. Short construction period and low cost. The directional detection drilling method adopts the early stage grouting construction drilling as a well opening section, and follows the principle of one hole with multiple purposes. Only need newly increase branch drilling can, newly increase drilling footage few, directional drilling speed is fast, the pore-forming cycle is short, and construction cost is low.
3. The application range is wide. The detection area in the urban area mostly has the problems of occupying urban roads, urban land and house removal, social influence and the like, and the ground often does not have the construction condition for implementing vertical drilling. The directional drilling technology has stronger site adaptability and is suitable for sites without vertical drilling construction conditions on the ground. The positions of the holes are flexibly adjusted by setting different angles and branch tracks.
4. The positioning is accurate, and the deviation of the drilling track is small. The post-construction inspection holes are generally arranged in important key areas or construction abnormal areas with grouting quality hidden troubles. If the deviation of the drilling drop point from the hole opening position is too large, the post-construction detection effect is seriously influenced. For deep goafs with burial depths greater than 500m, the drop point deviation may exceed 10m for every 1 ° of inclination using conventional drilling techniques. The directional drilling can be measured while drilling, continuous deviation correction is carried out, the track is controlled by adopting double targets, and the position of a drop point is accurate.
6. The mud pump discharge capacity that directional drilling adopted is bigger, and is cleaner to drilling hole pore wall in the drilling process, and drilling circulation fluid flow is big, and it is strong to carry the sediment ability, and sediment such as downthehole rock dust is less, is favorable to detection achievement such as well logging, downthehole TV.
7. Logging while drilling and logging are integrated, relevant parameters such as formation density and shear wave velocity are collected at the first time, the testing precision is high, and the operation is simple, convenient and efficient.
8. The quality detection drilling hole after the construction can realize the detection from point to surface by designing a long-distance near-horizontal drilling track at the position of a detection target, the traditional vertical drilling hole point type detection is upgraded into the large-range surface type detection, the quality detection efficiency and the accuracy are obviously improved, and the quality risk existing in the traditional point type detection is reduced.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the detailed description of the invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are needed in the detailed description of the invention or the prior art will be briefly described below. Throughout the drawings, like elements or components are generally identified by like reference numerals. In the drawings, elements or components are not necessarily drawn to scale.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a plane view of an island working surface/strip goaf.
FIG. 2 is a schematic longitudinal cut-away section of a multi-stage divergent directional pore structure of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic top view of a multi-stage divergent directional aperture structure of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a plan view of a directional survey borehole layout in an embodiment of the present invention
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a vertical cross-section of a directional borehole trajectory detection in an embodiment of the present invention
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the directional survey drilling configuration of the present invention
In the figure, a-vertical well interval; b, opening a well in a second bedrock section; c, carrying out three-well partition on the water flowing fracture; 1-removed area, 2-directional drilling field, 4, two well-opening sections; 3-directional drilling hole opening, 5-directional drilling second target point, 6-undetached area, 7-goaf, 8-building (structure) structure, 9-road, 10-vertical well opening section (grouting construction drilling), 11-detection target layer section starting point, 12-fourth system stratum, 13-strongly weathered bedrock, 14-stable bedrock, 15-fracture zone, 16-collapse zone, 17-mining coal bed, 18-coal bed bottom plate and 19-three-well opening section.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The following examples are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention more clearly, and therefore are only examples, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereby. The specific structure of the present invention is shown in fig. 1-6.
In order to solve one of the technical problems, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: an island working face grouting scour prevention stoping method based on a multistage divergent directional well, wherein divergent directional holes in the island working face grouting scour prevention stoping method based on the multistage divergent directional well adopt multistage divergent directional hole structures, each multistage divergent directional hole structure comprises a vertical well area section a located at a fourth system stratum 12, a bedrock section two well opening section b is arranged at the tail end of the vertical well area section a, a water diversion fissure zone is arranged at the tail end of each bedrock section two well opening section b, and a water diversion fissure zone is arranged above a coal seam bottom plate and close to the coal seam bottom plate 18;
the island working surface grouting scour prevention stoping method based on the multistage divergent directional well comprises the following specific steps:
s1: drilling positioning is carried out at a directional drilling field 2 of a removed area 1 at the upper part of the goaf 7, and a drilling machine is installed so as to avoid an undeployed area 6 and a building (structure) 8 on the undeployed area:
the drilling positioning method comprises the following specific steps:
selecting a grouting construction drill hole with a proper position in a goaf of an island working surface as a drill hole landing point of a vertical well opening section of a section part of a vertical well region to form a directional drill hole opening 3 at the later stage;
drilling holes are distributed in a key safety treatment area, and the completion effect of a treatment scheme is checked; meanwhile, the important degree of the proposed building is considered, and the position where the grouting quality is possibly problematic is analyzed, so that the potential quality problem is eliminated, and the safety of the important building is guaranteed;
determining the track of the second well-opening section of the bedrock section according to the geological conditions of the site, and setting the coordinates of a branch point of the second well-opening section of the bedrock section (a detection target interval starting point 11) and the drilling inclination angle;
determining a target grouting layer to grout the top of the target interval, namely: the upper boundary of the fracture zone is the starting point of the three-opening interval of the water diversion fracture zone, and the bottom of the target interval is grouted, namely: the coal seam bottom plate of the goaf is the terminal point (a second target point 5 of the directional drilling) of the three-well interval of the water-guiding fissure zone;
and controlling the track of the directional drilling hole in the grouting target section, and determining the position point of the drilling hole entering a water flowing fractured zone/grouting target layer section and the drilling hole final hole target point during drilling track design. For goaf grouting filling and detection, the primary concern is the groutable section in the stratum.
S2: drilling a hole in the vertical well-opening section 19;
before drilling, drilling equipment and a circulating system are well installed and debugged, and sufficient pre-hydrated bentonite base slurry is prepared;
vertically drilling, and forming a hole at a vertical well opening section;
in the process of forming the hole in the vertical well-opening section, firstly constructing a branch hole of the vertical well-opening section, drilling the branch hole to form the hole, starting grouting and filling, performing multiple hole-sweeping re-grouting after grouting and pressure rise, and waiting for setting for 48-72 hours after the grouting final hole standard is reached;
after a hole is formed in the vertical well opening section, a retaining wall sleeve needs to be put into the loose layer, the retaining wall sleeve is poured by grouting, and subsequent operation is carried out after well cementation is finished;
in the hole forming stage of the vertical well opening section, when the situation of difficult slag discharge occurs, the slurry can be adjusted and prepared to be used as the drilling circulating liquid to improve the slag carrying capacity;
s3: adopting a directional drilling process of positive circulation rotary drilling, measuring an inclination angle and an azimuth angle while drilling, and forming a hole at a second well opening section of a bedrock section;
adding a directional deflection section as required, and forming a plurality of three-well-opening sections in the second well-opening section of the bedrock section according to a design track;
and (3) comprehensively implementing the anti-drag and anti-blocking measures after deflecting:
the viscosity of the drilling fluid is improved, and the carrying effect of large well cuttings is improved. The solid control equipment at all levels is fully utilized, the continuous operation of the centrifuge is ensured to remove useless solid phase, and the density must be controlled within the design range. The large-displacement drilling is utilized, the concentration of the annular rock debris is reduced, the deviation making section ensures that the well hole is clean, and thick mud slugs can be used for cleaning the well hole at irregular intervals.
Corresponding drilling parameters are adopted according to different drilling tools in the drilling process. The method of light pressure hoisting is adopted for preventing deviation in a straight well section. The two well-opening sections can increase the bit pressure and the rotating speed properly, the pump discharge capacity is 18-25L/s for the screw to work normally, and the screw enters a target layer.
In the process of forming the hole of the second well opening section of the bedrock section, drilling the second well opening section of the bedrock section on the upper side of each primary branch hole, and grouting and reinforcing the hole wall after drilling;
large-discharge clear water is used for drilling, the concentration of annular rock debris is reduced, and the well is ensured to be clean by the deflecting section;
after deflecting, comprehensively implementing the anti-drag and anti-blocking measures;
performing logging operation during drilling, logging while drilling, making original record of a drill hole during drilling, and recording the drilling speed; in the drilling process, when water leakage, hole collapse, hole shrinkage, drill dropping and other phenomena occur, the position, depth and magnitude of the drilling process are recorded in detail, and important links such as diameter changing and layer changing are also recorded in detail; logging the rock debris, arranging and summarizing a rock debris logging table in real time, and performing a check on the stratum; simple hydrological observation and recording are carried out in the drilling process, and the consumption of circulating liquid is recorded in detail;
the purpose of the logging during drilling is to ensure the safety of rock formations above a goaf of an island working surface during drilling and to quickly deal with accidents according to the drilling condition;
the logging operation specifically comprises: rock debris logging, logging while drilling, simple hydrological observation and the like;
s4: drilling a three-opening well section with a three-opening well section in a water flowing fracture;
each branch hole is of a three-opening structure, when a three-opening well section is drilled in a water flowing fracture zone, branch holes need to be expanded in a divergent mode, the hole wall of a vertical well opening section, each branch hole and the hole wall of a branch hole in the previous stage of the current branch hole are reinforced through grouting, the hole wall is complete, the lateral drilling success rate of the branch hole in the next stage is high, the speed is high, and drilling construction is guaranteed to be safer and more efficient;
s5: drilling to a grouting target interval, and completing the hole forming of each stage of the branch well with a water guiding fracture zone three-well interval:
directly observing the slurry filling condition of the goaf through drilling and coring; recording and calculating the core sampling rate and RQD in detail in the drilling process; the filling and cementing degree of the grout on the cavities and the fractures, the hardness degree and the integrity of the grout concretion body and the like are described in a key way, a detection drilling histogram is drawn, and core image data are made;
logging while drilling is carried out in the drilling process, the logging while drilling is suitable for inclined drilling holes with different inclination angles, a logging instrument is additionally arranged at the position of a drill collar of a drilling tool, and various parameters of the stratum of the inclined directional drilling hole are collected by the logging while drilling;
s6: after grouting, drilling and forming holes, cleaning the drilled hole wall, adopting a drilling imaging technology to image the whole-section continuous drilling of a bedrock section, directly observing the lithology of the hole wall, the integrity degree of a concretion body and a rock body, the crack distribution, the cavity ratio and the like, and determining the parameter control of the slurry thickness, pressure and flow rate during filling and grouting according to the detected hole forming result;
s7: grouting and filling:
grouting the slurry from the upper wellhead of the vertical well-opening section to the inside, and controlling grouting parameters at all times in the grouting process;
s8: after grouting is finished, forming a filling reinforcement area in a goaf of the island working face after grouting, and cementing the rock mass with slurry to form a slurry concretion body to support the overlying strata stress of the coal bed of the island working face and reduce the probability of rock burst in the stoping process of the island working face;
s9: and (5) detecting after construction, and comprehensively evaluating the filling and grouting quality.
In any of the above schemes, preferably, each stage of branch holes in each water flowing fractured zone three-opening well block section are effective grouting section directional drilling holes.
In any scheme, preferably, at least one row of directional drilling holes of the effective grouting section are arranged for the strip goaf with the mining width less than 50 m; and at least two rows of directional drilling holes of effective grouting sections are arranged for the strip goaf with the mining width larger than 60 m.
In any of the above solutions, it is preferable that the target point spacing of directional drilling of adjacent effective grouting sections is between 30 and 60 m.
In any of the above schemes, it is preferable that the drilling circulation fluid is kept in a monitoring state in the drilling process of each level of branch holes in the first vertical well-opening section, the bedrock section and the second well-opening section, and the water flowing fractured zone three-opening section.
In any of the above schemes, preferably, in the monitoring process, when the consumption of the drilling circulating fluid is not large, the directional drilling machine can drill in a top leakage manner without special treatment;
when the drilling circulating fluid is seriously consumed or is completely leaked, the slag carrying capacity of the drilling fluid is weaker, more rock debris is in the drill hole, the drilling accident is judged to be easy to occur, in order to ensure the smooth hole forming of the drill hole and avoid the drilling accident, at the moment, when the top leakage drill is drilled for 5-10m, the drilling tool is lifted for 2-5m, cement-based composite slurry is poured into the pressure in the drill hole through a drill rod to improve the plugging effect (coarse particle slurry is not poured in the hole), the slurry leaking stratum is plugged, the broken well wall is reinforced, and the hole forming is continued after the completion of pouring for 36-72 h;
if the whole broken layer section is longer, a sectional advancing drilling mode of sectional drilling and sectional grouting plugging is adopted.
For the condition that the well wall of the lost formation is stable, the microbubble mud drilling technology is adopted to reduce the density of the drilling fluid to 1.0g/cm 3 The method is used for realizing top-leakage drilling, and the leakage amount is in a controllable range.
In any scheme, preferably, a phi 311.15mm drill bit is adopted to open a hole in the vertical well-opening section, a J55 steel grade phi 244.5mm multiplied by 8.94mm surface casing pipe is put into the vertical well-opening section after penetrating a unconsolidated layer and entering a bedrock for 20m (about 170 m), and well-cementing cement returns to the ground;
drilling branch holes at all levels in the interval section of the second well opening section of the bedrock section to a branch point after being cleaned and plugged by a drill bit with the diameter of phi 215.9mm, then putting an N80 steel grade technical casing with the diameter of phi 177.8mm, and returning well cementation cement to the ground;
and directionally drilling each level of branch holes in the water guiding fractured zone three-well interval to a target spot of the target goaf by adopting a phi 152.4mm drill bit, and grouting 3-9 branches of each well.
Adopting slurry to protect the wall and form a hole in the unconsolidated formation, and adopting clear water drilling for the design of a bedrock section;
the directional drilling machine can measure the inclination in real time while drilling and correct the deviation in time, and the inclination of a real drilling hole is kept to be not more than 1 degree/100 m according to the design requirement;
the process flow of the multistage divergent directional drilling comprises the following steps:
the integral construction sequence of each branch hole of the directional drilling: and constructing branch by branch from near to far, and sidetrack drilling the next-stage branch hole from the upper-stage branch hole.
In any of the above schemes, preferably, during the process of forming the holes of the branch holes at each level in the bed rock section two-well-opening section, grouting is performed when the drilling is performed to the subsection hole forming position in the bed rock drilling, and after the grouting is completed, hole sweeping is performed to continue drilling to the designed depth, so that the hole forming of the branch holes at each level in the bed rock section two-well-opening section is finally completed; and the times of sectional grouting are determined according to the actual situation on site.
In addition, before detection construction, whether a grouting quality weak area exists or not can be analyzed through grouting construction data, and detection drill holes are arranged in a grouting construction abnormal area or in a position where quality possibly has problems and judged through construction data.
In any of the above embodiments, the specific operation steps of post-construction detection and comprehensive evaluation of filling and grouting quality in step S9 are as follows: a1: directional drilling hole layout and track design;
and (3) drilling and laying: selecting a drilling hole with a proper position for grouting construction as a well-opening section, arranging drilling hole drop points in a key treatment area, and checking the completion effect of a treatment scheme; here are two conditions: when grouting filling is carried out to transform a coal mining subsidence area into a construction land and a new construction is planned on the ground, a foundation of the proposed construction needs to be detected emphatically, and when grouting filling is carried out to safely recover a coal seam on an island working face, detecting drilling layout and paying attention to the strength of filling bodies in areas on two sides of the recovery working face so as to eliminate potential quality problems and ensure the recovery safety of the island working face;
track design: the directional drilling track takes the top of a grouting target interval (the upper boundary of a fracture zone) as a first positioning point and takes the bottom of the grouting target interval (the coal seam floor of a goaf) as a second positioning point;
determining the track of three-opening branch drilling according to the geological conditions of the site, setting the coordinates of the three-opening branch point and the inclination angle of the drilling
A2: directional drilling and pore-forming of the detection well;
the method for detecting the directional drilling and pore-forming of the well specifically comprises the following steps:
a201: and (3) drilling construction, namely installing and debugging drilling equipment and a circulating system before drilling, and simultaneously preparing sufficient pre-hydrated bentonite base slurry.
Detecting a first well opening section of the drilled hole, prolonging the drilling hole by using grouting construction, wherein the first well opening section is a vertical section, a directional inclination guiding section can be added according to needs, and after the grouting drilled hole is swept again, a branch hole is formed in a second well opening section 4 according to a designed track and is divided into a directional inclination making section and a stable inclination section;
the method adopts a directional drilling process of forward circulation rotary drilling and bedrock section coring, and measures the inclination angle and the azimuth angle while drilling. Clear water drilling is adopted in principle, large-displacement drilling is utilized, the concentration of annular rock debris is reduced, and a deviation making section ensures that a well hole is clean;
after deflecting, the anti-drag and anti-blocking measures are implemented comprehensively;
in the first hole sweeping stage, when difficult slag discharge occurs, slurry can be mixed to serve as drilling hole circulating liquid to improve slag carrying capacity;
a202: logging while drilling:
the logging operation is carried out in the drilling process, and the method specifically comprises the following steps: rock debris logging, logging while drilling, simple hydrological observation and the like.
Logging during drilling, making original record of drilling during drilling, and recording drilling speed; in the drilling process, when water leakage, hole collapse, hole shrinkage, drill dropping and other phenomena occur, the position, depth and magnitude of the drilling process are recorded in detail, and important links such as diameter changing and layer changing are also recorded in detail;
logging the rock debris, arranging and summarizing a rock debris logging table in real time, and performing a check on the stratum;
and simple hydrological observation and recording are carried out in the drilling process, and the consumption of the circulating liquid is recorded in detail.
Here, the
A203: coring in the grouting layer section;
drilling to a grouting target layer section and starting coring, and directly observing the slurry filling condition of a goaf through drilling and coring;
recording and calculating the core sampling rate and RQD in detail in the drilling process; the filling and cementing degree of the grout on the cavities and the fractures, the hardness degree and the integrity of the grout concretion body and the like are described in a key way, a detection drilling histogram is drawn, and core image data are made;
the purpose of coring in the grouting layer section is to judge the filling effect by observing and analyzing the rock core, and is different from the coring purpose in the filling process;
a coring position: coring is started through full-hole coring or entering a grouting target interval, the grouting target interval refers to a goaf caving fracture zone, the mining thickness of a high coal seam is related to the lithology of overlying strata, and specific height is given in a design stage. And collecting slurry concretion bodies in the taken out rock cores, and testing the uniaxial compressive strength of the rock cores after standard curing for 72 hours.
Sampling quantity: the serous fluid concretion body with the test condition is preferably detected as much as possible. The length of the serous fluid stone is less than 10cm, and a point load test can be carried out to convert the compressive strength.
A3: logging while drilling:
logging while drilling in the filled area can be suitable for inclined drilling holes with different inclination angles, a logging instrument is additionally arranged at the position of a drill collar of a drilling tool, and various parameters of the stratum of the inclined directional drilling hole are collected by logging while drilling;
a4: drilling a television:
after the hole forming of the drill hole is detected, the hole wall of the drill hole is cleaned, the drilling imaging technology is adopted to image the whole continuous drilling of the bedrock section, and the lithology of the hole wall, the integrity degree of a concretion body and a rock body, the crack distribution, the cavity ratio and the like are directly observed; judging the filling effect and quality according to the observation condition;
the borehole television can observe the crack filling condition of the inner wall of the borehole, judge the grouting effect visually and qualitatively, count the ratio of unfilled cracks in the image and estimate the residual porosity.
A5: and (3) field grouting test:
after the operation, grouting detection is carried out on the detection drill holes, grouting technological parameters and grouting slurry proportion are kept consistent with those in the construction stage, and grouting data are recorded;
a6: indoor strength test:
and drilling and coring to obtain a slurry stone body, and conveying the slurry stone body to a laboratory for indoor unconfined compressive strength test after standard maintenance for 72 h.
A7: comprehensively evaluating grouting quality according to post-construction detection data;
directly observing the slurry filling condition of the goaf through the core taking of the bedrock section of the inspection hole and the television in the hole;
calculating the grouting filling rate according to the drilling television and the grouting test result;
and judging the cementation condition of the serous fluid concretion body and the rock mass according to the sampling rate of the drilled rock core and the integrity degree of the rock core.
According to the coal field well logging, judging the uniformity of filling and grouting, the integrity of a hole wall and the like;
grasping the mechanical strength improvement degree of the slurry on the broken rock stratum according to a stone body strength test;
and comprehensively evaluating grouting quality according to the data obtained from A2 to A4. Directly observing the slurry filling condition of the goaf through directional hole bedrock section coring and a hole television; calculating the grouting filling rate according to the drilling television and the grouting test result; and judging the cementation condition of the serous fluid concretion body and the surrounding rock according to the sampling rate of the drilling core and the integrity degree of the core. According to the coal field well logging, judging the uniformity of filling and grouting, the integrity of a hole wall and the like; and (4) mastering the mechanical strength improvement degree of the slurry on the broken rock stratum according to the stone body strength test.
And comprehensively evaluating the treatment quality after construction according to the quality detection result of the inspection hole and by combining the analysis of the drilling and grouting construction record and the grouting result data.
According to the exploration and grouting data and the detection data. And after comparison and analysis, performing supplementary grouting and supplementary inspection on the area with unqualified grouting quality until the qualified requirement is met. When grouting drilling holes exist in the area and the area has hole sweeping conditions, grouting can be supplemented after sweeping, otherwise, grouting drilling holes are constructed in the area in a supplementing mode, and then grouting is supplemented. And all the supplementary grouting areas should be checked again for grouting quality.
In any scheme, preferably, in the process operation of detecting after work and comprehensively evaluating the filling and grouting quality, the distance between the second positioning points of the branches of the directional drilling in the area after grouting and filling is 50-100m according to the size of the detection range;
the size of a coal seam floor entering a goaf through a directional drilling hole is not less than 6 m;
checking the length of the drilling tool and the well depth every 50m, wherein the error of the well depth cannot exceed 0.1 m.
The inclination angle and the azimuth angle are measured at least once every 25m by directional drilling, and the measurement accuracy of the inclination angle and the azimuth angle of the drilling is +/-0.1 degrees and +/-3 degrees respectively;
accurately controlling the drilling track, and correcting while drilling when the track has deviation;
corresponding drilling parameters are adopted according to different drilling tools during drilling:
the bit pressure is 10-80kN, the rotating speed is 30-60r/min, and the discharge capacity is 15-45L/s. In the hole sweeping operation of an open straight well section, in order to prevent the accident of drill slag burying, a light-pressure slow-advancing method is adopted, and the pump discharge capacity is properly increased.
The drilling of the second-opening section can properly increase the bit pressure and the rotating speed, in order to ensure that the screw rod works normally, the pump discharge capacity is slightly reduced, and the screw rod enters a target layer, and a drilling mode with high bit pressure and low rotating speed is adopted to overcome the problem of well wall pressure supporting.
In order to accurately judge the lithological change, 1 drilling time point is recorded every 1m from the beginning of seeing the bedrock to completing the well.
The relative stability of drilling parameters is maintained so as to improve the effectiveness of the drilling parameters in reflecting the lithology of the stratum and record non-geological factors causing the false drilling. And (3) logging the rock debris, fishing 1 packet of rock debris from 2-4 m of a bedrock non-grouting target layer well section, fishing 1 packet of rock debris from every 1m of the target layer well section, and well identifying to establish a stratum profile.
The hydrological observation is that the water level (liquid level in the hole) is measured once after the drill is pulled out and before the drill is pulled down; under normal conditions, recording the consumption of the drilling fluid (the liquid level of a mud pit) every 2 hours of drilling; and recording the drilling fluid consumption every 1h after entering the grouting target interval, and observing the drilling fluid consumption when the drilling fluid consumption is less than 1h but more than 30 min. And encrypting the record when the leakage layer section is encountered.
The core sampling rate of each turn of the bedrock section is required to be not less than 90%. Compared with the grouting treatment, the RQD of the rock core is improved, no drilling drop occurs in the drilling process, and the footage speed is reduced, so that the grouting quality is qualified.
And in the step A3, logging while drilling for each detection drilling hole, measuring the sound wave velocity of rock stratum in the hole, and converting the sound wave velocity into the transverse wave velocity. The wave speed of the transverse wave is required to be not less than 300 m/s; in addition, the goaf and overlying strata fracture grouting filling quality is indirectly analyzed and judged by measuring indexes such as rock stratum volume density, lateral resistivity, natural potential, natural gamma, long-short source distance, well diameter and the like, and the comparison with the investigation data is required to be obviously improved.
In any of the above schemes, preferably, the qualified conditions in the drilling television in a4 are that the goaf and the caving fracture zone thereof have obvious serous concretion bodies, no obvious cavity exists, and the integrity of the hole wall of the grouting section is superior to that of the hole wall of the exploration hole before treatment.
In the A5 medium-pressure grouting test, the grouting pressure gradually rises at the end of drilling and grouting, and after the grouting pressure reaches the design final hole end pressure, the hole grouting detection can be ended when the unit grouting amount is less than 50L/min and is stable for more than 15 min. The evaluation index of the grouting test is the grouting test ratio, and the calculation method is the ratio of the grouting amount to the sum of the grouting amount and the grouting amount in the same evaluation range. And (3) comprehensively calculating the filling rate of the slurry to the goaf caving fracture zone according to the results of the in-hole imaging and grouting test, and calculating that the filling coefficient reaches more than 90 percent to be qualified.
The A6 rock bond strength test requires that the length of a single sample is more than 10cm, each hole is not less than 2 groups, and each group comprises 3 samples. And when the length of a single sample is less than 10cm, testing the compressive strength of the stone body by adopting a point load test.
The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit the same; while the invention has been described in detail and with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; the modifications or the substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to depart from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, and the technical solutions are all covered in the scope of the claims and the specification of the present invention; it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that any alternative modifications or variations to the embodiments of the present invention may be made within the scope of the present invention.
The present invention is not described in detail, but is known to those skilled in the art.
Claims (9)
1. An island working surface grouting scour prevention stoping method based on a multistage divergent directional well is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the divergent directional hole in the island working face grouting scour prevention stoping method based on the multistage divergent directional well adopts a multistage divergent directional hole structure, the multistage divergent directional hole structure comprises a vertical well zone section, a bedrock section two well opening section is arranged at the tail end of the vertical well zone section, and a water guide fracture zone three well opening section is arranged at the tail end of each bedrock section two well opening section;
the island working surface grouting scour prevention stoping method based on the multistage divergent directional well comprises the following specific steps:
s1: drilling positioning and drill mounting:
the drilling positioning method comprises the following specific steps:
selecting a proper position as an opening position of a vertical well opening section of a grouting construction drill hole in a goaf of an island working face;
determining a second well opening section track in a second well opening section of the bedrock section according to the geological conditions of the site, and setting coordinates of a branch point of the second well opening section of the bedrock section and a drilling inclination angle;
determining a target grouting layer to grout the top of the target interval, namely: the upper boundary of the fracture zone is a starting point of the three-opening interval of the water flowing fracture zone, and the bottom of the target interval is grouted, namely: the coal seam bottom plate of the goaf is the terminal point of the three-well interval of the water guiding fracture zone;
s2: drilling a hole in a vertical well-opening section;
before drilling, drilling equipment and a circulating system are well installed and debugged, and sufficient pre-hydrated bentonite-based slurry is prepared;
vertically drilling, and forming a hole at a vertical well opening section;
s3: adopting a directional drilling process of positive circulation rotary drilling, measuring an inclination angle and an azimuth angle while drilling, and forming a hole in a second well opening section of a second well opening zone section of a bedrock section;
s4: drilling a three-opening well section with a three-opening well section in a water flowing fracture;
when a three-well-opening interval of a water flowing fractured zone is drilled, a three-well-opening section needs to be drilled and constructed on each level of branch holes in a bedrock section two-well-opening interval to form step-by-step divergent expansion branch holes, and because the hole walls of the vertical one-well-opening section, each level of branch holes and the previous level of branch holes of the current branch hole are reinforced by grouting, the hole walls are kept to be relatively complete, the lateral drilling success rate of the next level of branch holes is high, the speed is high, and the drilling construction is ensured to be safer and more efficient;
s5: drilling to a grouting target interval, and completing the hole forming of each stage of the branch well with a water guiding fracture zone three-well interval:
s6: after grouting and drilling holes, cleaning the drilled hole walls, adopting a drilling imaging technology to image the whole continuous drilling of the bedrock section, observing the crack condition of the hole walls of the drilled holes, and providing a basis for selecting grouting filling parameters such as slurry types, grouting pressures, grouting flow and the like;
s7: grouting and filling:
grouting from the upper wellhead of the vertical well-opening section to the inside, and controlling grouting parameters at all times in the grouting process;
s8: after grouting is finished, forming a safety and stability section in the gob area of the island working face after grouting, and reducing the probability of rock burst in the stoping process of the island working face;
s9: and (5) detecting after construction, and comprehensively evaluating the filling and grouting quality.
2. The island working face grouting scour prevention recovery method based on the multistage divergent directional well is characterized by comprising the following steps of: and the three well opening sections in the three well opening section with the water flowing cracks are effective grouting section directional drilling holes.
3. The island working face grouting scour prevention recovery method based on the multistage divergent directional well is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
at least one row of effective grouting section directional drilling holes are arranged for a strip goaf with mining width less than 50 m;
and at least two rows of directional drilling holes of effective grouting sections are arranged for the strip goaf with the mining width larger than 60 m.
4. The island working face grouting scour prevention recovery method based on the multistage divergent directional well is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the target point spacing of directional drilling of adjacent effective grouting sections is between 30 and 60 m.
5. The island working face grouting scour prevention recovery method based on the multistage divergent directional well is characterized by comprising the following steps of: in the drilling process of each branch hole of the vertical first well opening section, the bedrock section and the second well opening section and the water diversion fracture zone three well opening section, the drilling circulating fluid is required to be kept in a monitoring state:
in the monitoring process, when the consumption of the drilling circulating fluid is not large, the directional drilling machine can drill in a top leakage mode without special treatment;
when the drilling circulation fluid is seriously consumed or is leaked completely, the slag carrying capacity of the drilling fluid is weaker, and more rock debris exist in a drill hole, the drill sticking accident is judged to easily occur, in order to ensure the smooth hole formation of the drill hole and avoid the drilling accident, at the moment, when the top leakage drilling is carried out for 5-10m, the drilling tool is lifted for 2-5m, cement-based composite slurry is poured into the pressure in the drill hole through a drill rod to improve the plugging effect (coarse particle slurry is not poured in the hole), the slurry leakage stratum is plugged, the broken well wall is reinforced, and the hole is continuously drilled after the completion of the pouring for 36-72 hours;
if the whole broken layer section is longer, a sectional advancing drilling mode of sectional drilling and sectional grouting plugging is adopted.
6. The island working surface grouting anti-scour recovery method based on the multistage divergent directional well is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the number of each stage of branch holes with three open well sections in the water flowing fissure is 10-20.
7. The island working face grouting scour prevention recovery method based on the multistage divergent directional well is characterized by comprising the following steps of: a drill bit with phi 311.15mm is adopted to open a hole in the vertical well opening section, the hole penetrates through a loose layer and enters a bedrock by 20m, then a J55 steel grade surface casing with phi 244.5mm multiplied by 8.94mm is put in, and well cementation cement returns to the ground;
a second well opening section of the bedrock section is drilled to a branch point after being cleaned and plugged by a drill bit with the diameter of 215.9mm, then an N80 steel grade technical casing with the diameter of 177.8mm is put in, and the well cementation cement returns to the ground;
and (3) directionally drilling the three-opening section with the three-opening section in the water flowing fracture to the target point of the target goaf by adopting a phi 152.4mm drill bit, and grouting.
8. The island working face grouting scour prevention recovery method based on the multistage divergent directional well is characterized in that: when the hole forming process of the two-well-opening section of the bedrock section is carried out, grouting is carried out when the drilling of the bedrock is carried out to the position of the sectional hole forming, hole sweeping is continued to be carried out to the designed depth after the grouting is finished, and finally, the hole forming of each level of branch holes of the two-well-opening section of the bedrock section is finished; and the times of sectional grouting are determined according to the actual situation on site.
9. The island working face grouting scour prevention recovery method based on the multistage divergent directional well is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the concrete operation steps of post-construction detection in the step S9 and comprehensive evaluation of filling and grouting quality are as follows:
a1: directional drilling hole layout and track design;
a2: directional drilling and pore-forming of the detection well;
the method for detecting the directional drilling and pore-forming of the well specifically comprises the following steps:
a201: drilling construction, namely installing and debugging drilling equipment and a circulating system before drilling, and simultaneously preparing sufficient prehydrated bentonite base slurry;
a202: logging while drilling:
simple hydrological observation and recording are carried out in the drilling process, and the consumption of circulating liquid is recorded in detail;
a203: coring in the grouting layer section;
a3: logging while drilling:
logging while drilling in the filled area can be suitable for inclined drilling holes with different inclination angles, a logging instrument is additionally arranged at the position of a drill collar of a drilling tool, and various parameters of the stratum of the inclined directional drilling hole are collected by logging while drilling;
a4: drilling a television:
after the hole forming of the drill hole is detected, the hole wall of the drill hole is cleaned, the drilling imaging technology is adopted to image the whole continuous drilling of the bedrock section, and the lithology of the hole wall, the integrity degree of a concretion body and a rock body, the crack distribution, the cavity ratio and the like are directly observed; judging the filling effect and quality according to the observation condition;
a5: and (3) field grouting test:
after the operation, grouting detection is carried out on the detection drill hole, grouting process parameters and grouting slurry proportion are consistent with those in the construction stage, and grouting data are recorded;
a6: indoor strength test:
drilling and coring to obtain a slurry stone body, and conveying the slurry stone body to a laboratory for indoor unconfined compressive strength test after standard maintenance for 72 h;
a7: and comprehensively evaluating the grouting quality according to post-construction detection data.
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