CN113622907A - Single-hole synchronous monitoring method for movement and fracture distribution in coal seam mining overburden rock - Google Patents
Single-hole synchronous monitoring method for movement and fracture distribution in coal seam mining overburden rock Download PDFInfo
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- CN113622907A CN113622907A CN202111042396.2A CN202111042396A CN113622907A CN 113622907 A CN113622907 A CN 113622907A CN 202111042396 A CN202111042396 A CN 202111042396A CN 113622907 A CN113622907 A CN 113622907A
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- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 143
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 61
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 55
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 51
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims description 35
- 208000008918 voyeurism Diseases 0.000 claims description 35
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011398 Portland cement Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 3
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- 230000003203 everyday effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000009972 noncorrosive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 231100000252 nontoxic Toxicity 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003000 nontoxic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000007569 slipcasting Methods 0.000 abstract 3
- 244000144985 peep Species 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B49/00—Testing the nature of borehole walls; Formation testing; Methods or apparatus for obtaining samples of soil or well fluids, specially adapted to earth drilling or wells
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B33/00—Sealing or packing boreholes or wells
- E21B33/10—Sealing or packing boreholes or wells in the borehole
- E21B33/13—Methods or devices for cementing, for plugging holes, crevices or the like
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
- E21B47/002—Survey of boreholes or wells by visual inspection
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
- E21B47/01—Devices for supporting measuring instruments on drill bits, pipes, rods or wirelines; Protecting measuring instruments in boreholes against heat, shock, pressure or the like
- E21B47/017—Protecting measuring instruments
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
- E21B7/04—Directional drilling
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
- E21B7/20—Driving or forcing casings or pipes into boreholes, e.g. sinking; Simultaneously drilling and casing boreholes
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Abstract
The invention discloses a single-hole synchronous monitoring method for movement and fracture distribution in overburden rock during coal seam mining, which is suitable for the field of monitoring movement and damage of overburden rock during mining. According to coal seam exploitation thickness, working face width and the inside stratum distribution information in stratum, from the ground downwards vertical arrangement monitoring drilling, set up cavity slip casting drilling rod at drilling central authorities, and utilize cavity slip casting drilling rod to put into monitoring cable and monitoring point and the transparent PVC pipe of cavity and monitor the drilling, later utilize cavity slip casting drilling rod hole sealing, when carrying out the inside removal monitoring of stratum along with the working face exploitation, utilize the drilling peep at the instrument, go deep into the transparent PVC pipe of cavity many times with the camera, survey the different degree of depth stratum in the hole and adopt the fracture situation of production along with the working face. The method has simple steps and convenient use, realizes the monitoring of the movement information of various rock stratums in the same drilling hole, and improves the utilization rate and the economical efficiency of a single drilling hole.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a single-hole synchronous monitoring method, in particular to a single-hole synchronous monitoring method for coal seam mining overburden rock internal movement and fracture distribution, which is suitable for the field of monitoring mining overburden rock movement and damage in a coal seam mining process.
Background
After the coal seam is mined, the moving damage of the overlying strata can be caused, and a large number of fractures are generated. The movement of overburden is related to problems such as pressure, surface subsidence, etc. The distribution of the cracks formed in the mining rock stratum is closely related to the prevention and control of the water damage of the roof, the analysis of the gas migration rule, the design of gas extraction and the like. Therefore, the movement, the crack distribution and the evolution characteristics of the overlying strata in the coal seam mining process are mastered, and the method has important theoretical significance and engineering practice value for preventing the problems of mine pressure, water inrush, gas migration, surface subsidence and the like caused by mining.
Typically, overburden movement and fracture evolution can be monitored during the production process. However, the two monitoring methods are implemented through different drill holes, the observation of the overburden fracture is usually carried out by adopting a naked hole internal peeping method, and a monitoring cable exists in a rock stratum moving drill hole and is difficult to put down a peeping instrument. Therefore, the conventional method has a problem that it is difficult to combine the above two objects, and thus the number of drilling operations is large and the drilling cost is high. Therefore, a monitoring method capable of simultaneously achieving the above two purposes is needed to reduce the monitoring cost and improve the utilization rate of the drilled hole.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the single-hole synchronous monitoring method for the movement inside the overburden rock and the distribution of the cracks in coal seam mining is provided, in the mining process of a working face, the overburden rock movement is monitored through a monitoring point, a rock stratum movement monitoring cable and a hollow transparent PVC pipe are arranged inside the same drilling hole, the crack distribution is detected by moving a camera in a PVC pipe, the continuous movement and fixed-point recording can be realized, the monitoring method for realizing the two purposes of one independent drilling hole is realized, the monitoring cost can be reduced, and the utilization rate of the single drilling hole is improved.
In order to achieve the technical purpose, the single-hole synchronous monitoring method for the movement and fracture distribution in the coal seam mining overburden rock comprises the following steps:
a. selecting a monitoring position on the earth surface above the working face to be recovered, according to the mining width of the working face, corresponding to the earth surface in the middle area of the working face, vertically arranging monitoring drill holes from the ground downwards, and determining the final hole depth H of the monitoring drill holes according to stratum columnar information;
b. constructing 1 monitoring borehole in the middle of a working face, finding out the depth information of each stratum to be monitored according to the stratum information, setting the length of a cable connected with a monitoring point according to the depth information of a layer, then using a hollow grouting drill rod to carry the cable containing the monitoring point and a hollow transparent PVC pipe for peeping, and putting the cable and the hollow transparent PVC pipe together to the bottom of the monitoring borehole, wherein the monitoring point is a stratum movement monitoring sensor, and adjusting the cable to ensure that the monitoring point arranged on the cable is positioned at a preset position; ensuring that the hollow grouting drill rod is positioned in the center of the section of the detected drill hole, respectively arranging a hollow transparent PVC pipe and a cable on the left side and the right side of the hollow grouting drill rod, and reserving an abundant space between the hollow transparent PVC pipe and the cable and the hole wall;
c. the method comprises the following steps that a hollow grouting drill rod is utilized to conduct cement paste full-hole sealing from bottom to top from the bottommost part of a monitoring drill hole, the monitoring drill hole is gradually lifted out during grouting of the hollow grouting drill rod until the hollow grouting drill rod completely lifts out the monitoring drill hole and cement paste rises to an orifice of the monitoring drill hole, the positions of a hollow transparent PVC pipe and a cable are kept unchanged in the hole sealing process, the positions of the hollow transparent PVC pipe and the cable are fixed after cement is solidified, the cable is connected with a data collector arranged on the ground, information fed back by n monitoring points in the hole is read through the ground data collector, and a ground pipe orifice of the hollow transparent PVC pipe is temporarily sealed;
d. in synchronization with formation movement monitoring: connecting a camera with a drilling hole peeping instrument arranged on the ground surface, placing the camera into a hollow transparent PVC pipe in a monitoring drilling hole, observing and monitoring the fracture of a rock stratum in the monitoring drilling hole and the development condition of a generated crack by using the camera according to different observation frequencies in the mining process of a working surface according to the position relation between a stoping working surface and the monitoring drilling hole, wherein when the rock stratum around the hollow transparent PVC pipe is fractured, the hollow transparent PVC pipe is driven to fracture together, and the camera can analyze the fracture condition of the rock stratum according to the observed fracture condition of the hollow transparent PVC pipe; therefore, single-hole synchronous monitoring for monitoring overburden movement and fracture distribution in the drill hole in the working face mining process is realized; the camera moves in the hollow transparent PVC pipe to detect the crack distribution, and can continuously move for recording and also can stop at a certain fixed point for recording.
Further, the borehole diameter D of the borehole is monitoredj: determining the number m of monitoring points for monitoring rock stratum movement in the monitoring borehole, the outer diameter n of a cable, the maximum outer diameter D of a hollow grouting drill rod and the diameter D of a camera for detecting mining fracture distribution according to specific information of the rock stratum of the formationsTo determine DjMultiplying the maximum outer diameter D of a hollow grouting drill rod used for hole sealing by 1.5 times, adding the total number m of monitoring points by the outer diameter n of a single cable and then multiplying by 60%, and adding the diameter D of a camerasMultiplied by 1.3 times, i.e. Dj≥d×1.5+m×n×60％+Ds×1.3。
Further, the vertical monitoring drill hole is arranged in the middle of the inclined working face according to the requirement, and the trend of the working face is determined according to the mining condition; if the working face is not mined, determining according to the distance between the monitoring drilling hole and the cutting hole, wherein the distance between the cutting hole and the working face is consistent with the mining face width of the working face; if the working face is the stoping working face, determining according to the distance between the drill hole and the stoping working face, wherein the drill hole is positioned outside the advanced mining influence distance formed by the working face on the ground surface; when the drilling construction is required to be completed, the influence of mining on the working face is not yet caused.
Further, in the drilling construction process of monitoring the drilling, the deviation of the drilling is corrected once every 50m of drilling, and the deviation of the drilling is controlled to be not more than 0.5 degree per hundred meters.
Further, the bottom of a hollow transparent PVC pipe for peeping arranged in the monitoring drill hole is sealed; when the hollow transparent PVC pipe is put down, clear water or other transparent, non-corrosive, non-volatile, non-toxic and harmless liquid is continuously injected into the hollow transparent PVC pipe to resist the pressure effect of the grouting hole sealing cement paste, and the liquid level of the liquid injected into the hollow transparent PVC pipe is 1m below the orifice.
Further, the cement paste for sealing the holes is formed by mixing loose dry cement and water, wherein the loose dry cement is ordinary portland cement, the strength grade is 42.5R, and the water-cement ratio of the cement paste is 0.6: 1.
Further, when the inside of the hollow transparent PVC pipe is observed in a peeping way, the top of the hollow transparent PVC pipe is closed, the camera moves from the top pipe opening to the pipe bottom and carries out observation and recording, information of depth, fracture shape and fracture width of a hole wall fracture observed from the inside of the pipe in the descending process is recorded, and as cement is used for forming a cement paste column in a stratum, the cement paste column is combined and coupled with a rock stratum in a monitoring drill hole, and when the rock stratum moves, the cement paste column can be pulled to crack and simultaneously drive the hollow transparent PVC pipe to crack, so that the distribution condition of the rock stratum fracture in the hole is reflected; and after the bottom of the hole is observed, recording and checking are carried out again in the process of lifting up the camera.
Further, the different observation frequencies are the position relationship between the observation time and period when the camera performs peeping observation in the hollow transparent PVC pipe and the working surface propelling distance orifice: when the working face is drilled in advance by 30m, the patient is peered for 3 days; peeping once every day when the distance between the working face and the drilled hole is 0-30 m; the working face is positioned under the drill hole to push the drill hole for 100m, and the peeping is carried out once every morning and afternoon, wherein the time interval is 12 hours; pushing the drill hole within the range of 100-200 m, and peeping once a day; the drill hole is pushed to 200m far away, the peeping period is selected according to the peeping condition, and the observation is carried out once in 3-5 days or even longer. When the observation information does not change, the observation can be stopped.
Has the advantages that: according to the single-hole synchronous monitoring method, the rock stratum movement monitoring cable and the hollow transparent PVC pipe are arranged in the same drilling hole, in the mining process of a working face, the transparent PVC pipe and the rock stratum movement monitoring cable are simultaneously lowered, the pressure outside the pipe is balanced in the way of injecting liquid into the pipe during lowering, the monitoring requirement on the cracks in the hole in the later period is met under the condition that a rock stratum movement monitoring instrument exists in the hole or the hole needs to be immediately sealed in the hole is guaranteed, the method is different from the traditional method that a camera is singly used for peeping in a naked hole or rock stratum movement monitoring in nature, and the peeping camera can be placed in the hollow transparent PVC pipe according to a certain frequency to monitor the distribution condition of the cracks in the rock stratum at the same time of performing rock stratum movement monitoring. Compared with the traditional method of separately monitoring rock stratum movement and mining fracture, instruments exist in holes after rock stratum movement monitoring measuring points are installed in the drill holes or the drill holes need to be immediately sealed, the fracture cannot be peeped through the same drill hole, new drill holes generally need to be reset, and the two functions cannot be achieved in the same drill hole.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the apparatus for the single-hole synchronous monitoring method for the movement and fracture distribution in the overburden during coal mining according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of hole drilling and sealing of a single-hole synchronous monitoring method for movement and fracture distribution in a coal seam mining overburden rock;
FIG. 3(a) is a schematic overall view of a mining rock stratum movement and fracture monitoring profile of the single-hole synchronous monitoring method for coal seam mining overburden internal movement and fracture distribution;
FIG. 3(b) is an enlarged schematic diagram of a mining rock stratum movement and fracture monitoring section of the single-hole synchronous monitoring method for coal seam mining overburden internal movement and fracture distribution.
In the figure 1-monitoring the borehole; 2-monitoring points; 3-a cable; 4-hollow grouting drill pipes; 5-hollow transparent PVC pipe; 6-a data collector; 7-drilling peeping instrument; 8-a camera; 9-crack
Detailed Description
Specific drilling examples are further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings:
as shown in fig. 1 and 2, the single-hole synchronous monitoring method for the movement and fracture distribution in the coal seam mining overburden rock comprises the following steps:
a. selecting a monitoring position on the ground surface above the working face to be recovered, according to the mining width of the working face, corresponding to the ground surface in the middle area of the working face, vertically arranging monitoring drill holes 1 from the ground downwards, and determining the final hole depth H of the monitoring drill holes 1 according to stratum columnar information;
b. constructing 1 monitoring borehole 1 in the middle of a working face, finding out depth information of each stratum to be monitored according to the stratum information, setting the length of a cable 3 connected with a monitoring point 2 according to the depth information, then putting the cable 3 containing the monitoring point 2 and a hollow transparent PVC pipe 5 for peeping together by utilizing a hollow grouting drill rod 4 to the bottom of the monitoring borehole 1, wherein the monitoring point 2 is a stratum movement monitoring sensor, and adjusting the cable 3 to ensure that the monitoring point 2 arranged on the cable 3 is positioned at a preset position; ensuring that the hollow grouting drill rod 4 is positioned in the center of the section of the detection drill hole 1, respectively arranging the hollow transparent PVC pipe 5 and the cable 3 at the left side and the right side of the hollow grouting drill rod 4, and reserving an abundant space between the hollow transparent PVC pipe 5 and the cable 3 and the hole wall; monitoring the borehole diameter D of the borehole 1j: determining the number m of monitoring points 2 for monitoring rock movement in the monitoring borehole 1, the outer diameter n of the cable 3, the maximum outer diameter D of the hollow grouting drill rod 4 and the diameter D of the camera 8 for detecting mining-induced fracture distribution according to the specific information of the stratumsTo determine DjAfter the maximum outer diameter D of the hollow grouting drill rod used for hole sealing is multiplied by 1.5 times, the total number m of the monitoring points 2 is multiplied by the outer diameter n of the single cable 3 and then multiplied by 60%, and the diameter D of the camera 8 is addedsMultiplied by 1.3 times, i.e. Dj≥d×1.5+m×n×60％+Ds×1.3；
The vertical monitoring drill hole 1 is arranged in the inclined middle of the working face according to the requirement, and the trend of the working face is determined according to the mining condition; if the working face is not mined, determining according to the distance between the monitoring drilling hole and the cutting hole, wherein the distance between the cutting hole and the working face is consistent with the mining face width of the working face; if the working face is the stoping working face, determining according to the distance between the drill hole and the stoping working face, wherein the drill hole is positioned outside the advanced mining influence distance formed by the working face on the ground surface; when the drilling construction is required to be completed, the drilling construction is not influenced by the mining of a working face; in the drilling construction process of the monitoring drilling hole 1, the deviation of the drilling hole is corrected once every 50m of drilling, and the deviation of the drilling hole per hundred meters is controlled to be not more than 0.5 degrees;
c. the method comprises the steps of utilizing a hollow grouting drill rod 4 to conduct cement paste full-hole sealing from bottom to top from the bottommost part of a monitoring drill hole 1, wherein cement paste for sealing is formed by mixing loose dry cement and water, the loose dry cement is ordinary portland cement, the strength grade is 42.5R, and the water-cement ratio of the cement paste is 0.6: 1; gradually lifting out the monitoring drill hole 1 when the hollow grouting drill rod 4 performs grouting until the hollow grouting drill rod 4 completely lifts out the monitoring drill hole 1 and cement slurry rises to an orifice of the monitoring drill hole 1, keeping the positions of the hollow transparent PVC pipe 5 and the cable 3 unchanged in the hole sealing process, fixing the positions of the hollow transparent PVC pipe 5 and the cable 3 after cement is solidified, connecting the cable 3 with a data collector 6 arranged on the ground, reading information fed back by n monitoring points 2 in the hole through the ground data collector 6, and temporarily sealing a ground orifice of the hollow transparent PVC pipe 5; the bottom of a hollow transparent PVC pipe 5 for peeping arranged in the monitoring drill hole 1 is sealed; when the hollow transparent PVC pipe 5 is lowered, clear water or other transparent, non-corrosive, non-volatile, nontoxic and harmless liquid is continuously injected into the hollow transparent PVC pipe 5 to resist the pressure effect of the grouting hole sealing cement paste, and the liquid level of the liquid injected into the hollow transparent PVC pipe 5 is 1m below the orifice;
d. in synchronization with formation movement monitoring: connecting a camera 8 with a drilling hole peeping instrument 9 arranged on the ground surface, then lowering the camera 8 into a hollow transparent PVC pipe 5 in a monitoring drilling hole 1, and observing the fracture of a rock stratum in the monitoring drilling hole 1 and the development condition of a generated crack 9 by using the camera 8 according to different observation frequencies in the mining process of a working surface according to the position relation between a mining working surface and the monitoring drilling hole 1, wherein when the rock stratum around the hollow transparent PVC pipe 5 is fractured, the hollow transparent PVC pipe 5 is driven to fracture together, and the fracture condition of the rock stratum can be analyzed by the camera 8 according to the fracture condition of the observed hollow transparent PVC pipe 5; therefore, single-hole synchronous monitoring for monitoring overburden movement and fracture distribution in the drill hole 1 in the working face mining process is realized; wherein the camera 8 moves in the hollow transparent PVC pipe 5 to detect the crack distribution, and can continuously move for recording and also can stop at a certain fixed point for recording.
As shown in fig. 3(a) and 3(b), when the inside of the hollow transparent PVC pipe 5 is observed by peeping, the top of the hollow transparent PVC pipe 5 is opened, the camera 8 is moved from the top pipe opening to the pipe bottom and observed and recorded, and information of depth, fracture shape and fracture width of the pore wall fracture observed from the inside of the pipe in the descending process is recorded, because cement column is formed in the stratum through cement, the cement column is coupled with the rock stratum in the monitoring borehole 1, when the rock stratum moves, the cement column is pulled and cracked and the hollow transparent PVC pipe 5 is driven to crack, so as to reflect the distribution situation of the rock stratum fractures in the pores; after the bottom of the hole is observed, recording and checking are carried out again in the process of lifting up the camera 8. The different observation frequencies are the position relation between the observation time and period when the camera 8 is used for peeping inside the hollow transparent PVC pipe 5 and the working face propelling distance orifice: when the working face is drilled in advance by 30m, the patient is peered for 3 days; peeping once every day when the distance between the working face and the drilled hole is 0-30 m; the working face is positioned under the drill hole to push the drill hole for 100m, and the peeping is carried out once every morning and afternoon, wherein the time interval is 12 hours; pushing the drill hole within the range of 100-200 m, and peeping once a day; the drill hole is pushed to 200m far away, the peeping period is selected according to the peeping condition, and the observation is carried out once in 3-5 days or even longer. When the observation information does not change, the observation can be stopped.
Claims (8)
1. A single-hole synchronous monitoring method for coal seam mining overburden rock internal movement and fracture distribution is characterized by comprising the following steps:
a. selecting a monitoring position on the ground surface above the working face to be recovered, according to the mining width of the working face, corresponding to the ground surface in the middle area of the working face, vertically arranging monitoring drill holes (1) from the ground downwards, and determining the final hole depth H of the monitoring drill holes (1) according to stratum columnar information;
b. constructing 1 monitoring borehole (1) in the middle of a working face, finding out each stratum depth information to be monitored according to the stratum information, setting the length of a cable (3) connected with a monitoring point (2) according to the stratum depth information, then putting the cable (3) containing the monitoring point (2) and a hollow transparent PVC pipe (5) for peeping together by utilizing a hollow grouting drill rod (4) to the bottom of the monitoring borehole (1), wherein the monitoring point (2) is a stratum movement monitoring sensor, and adjusting the cable (3) to ensure that the monitoring point (2) arranged on the cable (3) is located at a preset position; ensuring that the hollow grouting drill rod (4) is positioned in the center of the section of the detection drill hole (1), respectively arranging the hollow transparent PVC pipe (5) and the cable (3) at the left side and the right side of the hollow grouting drill rod (4), and reserving an abundant space between the hollow transparent PVC pipe (5) and the cable (3) and the hole wall;
c. the method comprises the steps that cement slurry full-hole sealing is carried out from the bottommost part of a monitoring drill hole (1) to the top by utilizing a hollow grouting drill rod (4), the monitoring drill hole (1) is gradually lifted out during grouting of the hollow grouting drill rod (4) until the monitoring drill hole (1) is completely lifted out by the hollow grouting drill rod (4) and cement slurry rises to an orifice of the monitoring drill hole (1), the positions of a hollow transparent PVC pipe (5) and a cable (3) are kept unchanged in the hole sealing process, the positions of the hollow transparent PVC pipe (5) and the cable (3) are fixed after cement is solidified, the cable (3) is connected with a data collector (6) arranged on the ground, information fed back by n monitoring points (2) in the hole is read through the ground data collector (6), and a ground orifice of the hollow transparent PVC pipe (5) is temporarily sealed;
d. in synchronization with formation movement monitoring: connecting a camera (8) with a drilling hole peeping instrument (9) arranged on the ground surface, then lowering the camera (8) into a hollow transparent PVC pipe (5) in a monitoring drilling hole (1), and observing the fracture of a rock stratum in the monitoring drilling hole (1) and the development condition of a generated crack (9) by using the camera (8) according to different observation frequencies in the mining process of a working surface according to the position relation between a stoping working surface and the monitoring drilling hole (1), wherein when the rock stratum around the hollow transparent PVC pipe (5) is fractured, the hollow transparent PVC pipe (5) is driven to fracture together, and the camera (8) analyzes the fracture condition of the rock stratum according to the observed fracture condition of the hollow transparent PVC pipe (5), so that the single-hole synchronous monitoring of the migration of the overlying rock in the monitoring drilling hole (1) and the distribution of the crack in the mining process of the working surface is realized; wherein the camera (8) moves in the hollow transparent PVC pipe (5) to detect the crack distribution, and can continuously move for recording and also can stop at a certain fixed point for recording.
2. The method of claim 1 for distributing movement and fractures within a coal seam mining overburdenSingle-hole synchronous monitoring method, characterized in that the diameter D of the drilled hole (1) is monitoredj: determining the number m of monitoring points (2) for monitoring rock stratum movement in a monitoring borehole (1), the outer diameter n of a cable (3), the maximum outer diameter D of a hollow grouting drill rod (4) and the diameter D of a camera (8) for detecting mining-induced fracture distribution according to specific information of stratum rock stratumsTo determine DjAfter the maximum outer diameter D of the hollow grouting drill rod used for hole sealing is multiplied by 1.5 times, the total number m of the monitoring points (2) is multiplied by the outer diameter n of a single cable (3) and then multiplied by 60%, and the diameter D of the camera (8) is addedsMultiplied by 1.3 times, i.e. Dj≥d×1.5+m×n×60％+Ds×1.3。
3. The single-hole synchronous monitoring method for the internal movement and fracture distribution of the overlying strata during coal seam mining according to claim 1, characterized in that the vertical monitoring drill holes (1) are arranged in the middle of the inclined working face as required, and the trend of the working face is determined according to the mining condition; if the working face is not mined, determining according to the distance between the monitoring drilling hole and the cutting hole, wherein the distance between the cutting hole and the working face is consistent with the mining face width of the working face; if the working face is the stoping working face, determining according to the distance between the drill hole and the stoping working face, wherein the drill hole is positioned outside the advanced mining influence distance formed by the working face on the ground surface; when the drilling construction is required to be completed, the influence of mining on the working face is not yet caused.
4. The method for synchronously monitoring single hole movement and fracture distribution in overlying strata during coal seam mining according to claim 3, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the drilling construction process of the monitoring drilling hole (1), the deviation of the drilling hole is corrected once every 50m of drilling, and the deviation of the drilling hole per hundred meters is controlled to be not more than 0.5 degrees.
5. The single-hole synchronous monitoring method for the movement and fracture distribution in the coal seam mining overburden rock as claimed in claim 1, wherein the single-hole synchronous monitoring method comprises the following steps: the bottom of a hollow transparent PVC pipe (5) which is arranged in the monitoring drill hole (1) and used for peeping is sealed; when the hollow transparent PVC pipe (5) is lowered, clear water or other transparent, non-corrosive, non-volatile, non-toxic and harmless liquid is continuously injected into the hollow transparent PVC pipe (5) to resist the pressure effect of the grouting hole sealing cement paste, and the liquid level of the liquid injected into the hollow transparent PVC pipe (5) is 1m below the orifice.
6. The single-hole synchronous monitoring method for the movement and fracture distribution in the coal seam mining overburden rock as claimed in claim 1, wherein the single-hole synchronous monitoring method comprises the following steps: the cement paste for sealing the holes is formed by mixing loose dry cement and water, wherein the loose dry cement is ordinary portland cement, the strength grade is 42.5R, and the water-cement ratio of the cement paste is 0.6: 1.
7. The single-hole synchronous monitoring method for the movement and fracture distribution in the coal seam mining overburden rock as claimed in claim 1, wherein the single-hole synchronous monitoring method comprises the following steps: when peeping and observing inside the hollow transparent PVC pipe (5), opening the top of the hollow transparent PVC pipe (5) for sealing, moving the camera (8) from the top pipe orifice to the pipe bottom, observing and recording, and recording the information of the depth, the fracture shape and the fracture width of the pore wall fracture observed from the inside of the pipe in the descending process; after the bottom of the hole is observed, recording and checking are carried out again in the process of lifting up the camera (8).
8. The single-hole synchronous monitoring method for the movement and fracture distribution in the coal seam mining overburden rock as claimed in claim 1, wherein the single-hole synchronous monitoring method comprises the following steps: the different observation frequencies are the position relation between the observation time and period when the camera (8) is used for peeping in the hollow transparent PVC pipe (5) and the working surface propelling distance orifice: when the working face is drilled in advance by 30m, the patient is peered for 3 days; peeping once every day when the distance between the working face and the drilled hole is 0-30 m; the working face is positioned under the drill hole to push the drill hole for 100m, and the peeping is carried out once every morning and afternoon, wherein the time interval is 12 hours; pushing the drill hole within the range of 100-200 m, and peeping once a day; the drill hole is pushed to 200m far away, the peeping period is selected according to the peeping condition, and the observation is carried out once in 3-5 days or even longer. When the observation information does not change, the observation can be stopped.
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| CN113622907B (en) | 2023-02-14 |
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