CN110145309B - Shallow coal seam grouting filling green coal mining method and settlement observation device thereof - Google Patents
Shallow coal seam grouting filling green coal mining method and settlement observation device thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN110145309B CN110145309B CN201910571993.0A CN201910571993A CN110145309B CN 110145309 B CN110145309 B CN 110145309B CN 201910571993 A CN201910571993 A CN 201910571993A CN 110145309 B CN110145309 B CN 110145309B
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- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 117
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 77
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010881 fly ash Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002352 surface water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009360 aquaculture Methods 0.000 description 1
- 244000144974 aquaculture Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009933 burial Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21C—MINING OR QUARRYING
- E21C41/00—Methods of underground or surface mining; Layouts therefor
- E21C41/16—Methods of underground mining; Layouts therefor
- E21C41/18—Methods of underground mining; Layouts therefor for brown or hard coal
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F15/00—Methods or devices for placing filling-up materials in underground workings
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- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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- Consolidation Of Soil By Introduction Of Solidifying Substances Into Soil (AREA)
- Investigation Of Foundation Soil And Reinforcement Of Foundation Soil By Compacting Or Drainage (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a shallow coal seam grouting filling coal mining method and a settlement observation device thereof, wherein the method comprises the following operation steps: 1) collecting data; 2) surveying the terrain; 3) drilling; 4) grouting to finish coal mining; the invention makes qualitative change from the coal mining method, does not need to carry out comprehensive treatment on the subsidence area after waiting for coal mining, but carries out grouting filling while mining coal, protects the land and other facilities on the ground and prevents the ground surface from settling to form damage; the method provided by the invention controls the sedimentation value above the coal mining working surface within a certain range, only the land needs to be leveled, and land reclamation and even land collection are not needed; the method provided by the invention has no influence on underground coal seam mining in the grouting process; the method provided by the invention occupies less actual work, has less influence on the ecological environment in the mining area, and effectively protects ground facilities.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of coal mining, in particular to a shallow coal seam grouting filling green coal mining method and a settlement observation device thereof.
Background
The middle area of China is represented by the central region, most of the central region is in a plain area, the mining method mainly adopts a long-wall caving method, when villages and other buildings needing protection are on the surface of the ground, the purpose of protecting the surface buildings is achieved by reducing damage and deformation of overlying rocks by considering a protective mining method, but the coal seam burial depth of most of the central region is shallow, the surface subsidence is fast after coal mining, the surface subsidence in the range is easy to cause, and the surface building and cultivated land loss is serious. For comprehensive treatment of a subsidence area formed by coal mining, the effective method comprises the following steps: firstly, the traditional coal mining subsidence area filling method is to stack the surface soil of the subsidence area in a large area after stripping, and backfill the stripped surface soil after filling the fly ash or the coal gangue according to the designed elevation; secondly, aquaculture reclamation; finally, filling and covering soil with the coal gangue and the fly ash.
However, there are some drawbacks in the prior art: firstly, filling reclamation treatment of a coal mining subsidence area changes the acidity and alkalinity of soil and causes adverse effects on the growth of crops; secondly, after filling and reclamation are carried out in the coal mining subsidence area, the soil structure can be damaged to a great extent, and the soil after filling and reclamation is too barren; thirdly, water resource circulation is damaged, and in the coal mining process, underground water and surface water circulation modes are adversely affected, so that surface water resources are reduced; fourthly, the reclamation time is hard to be mastered, when the start time of the reclamation work is too advanced, the reclamation work is greatly influenced by the conditions which may happen in the future, and all the previous work efforts are wasted; therefore, the coal mining method of shallow coal seam grouting filling and the settlement observation device thereof are provided to solve the problems in the background technology.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention can be realized by the following technical scheme: a coal mining method for shallow coal seam grouting filling comprises the following operation steps:
1) collecting data: and collecting geological data of the coal face, and carrying out detailed analysis on the lithology, structure, hydrogeology and other data of the stratum in the working face area.
2) Surveying the terrain: and constructing hydrogeological data and designing a drilling structure according to the lithology of the stratum.
3) Drilling: before the coal face is mined, a plurality of drill holes are constructed above a grouting filling control area of the coal face in sequence towards the direction of a coal seam. Meanwhile, a ground mobile settlement observation system is established.
4) Grouting: and when the coal mining of the working face is started, grouting is started 20-50 m away from the drill hole. And (4) after the coal mining and stoping of the working face are finished, grouting is continued until the ground subsides stably.
Preferably, in the step 1), the collecting of the geological data of the working face of the coal mining area comprises respectively calculating the heights of an caving zone, a water flowing fractured zone and a bending subsidence zone according to the geological data and the actual measurement of the adjacent or similar working face; analyzing the structure near the working face of the coal mining area; analyzing hydrogeological data of the water outlet condition of the working face of the coal mining area; and analyzing the thickness of soil and the layering condition of the bedrock stratum.
Preferably, in the step 2), two sides of the shallow coal seam extend downwards to a position above a caving zone of a coal seam roof of the goaf and a position below a development peak of a water-flowing fractured zone according to hydrogeological data; the shallow coal seam extends downwards to a seam roof separation zone area, the drill holes are arranged on the working face of the coal mining area at intervals of 100m in horizontal distance, and the drill holes are distributed in a staggered mode at a distance of 10-20 m from the center line of the working face of the coal mining area; and matching a sleeve with the same diameter as the drilled hole on the surface soil layer section where the drilled hole is located.
Preferably, in the step 2), in the grouting process in the borehole, the borehole liquid column pressure is used as a control parameter, and the design pressure is calculated according to the borehole liquid column pressure and the formation pressure and is used as a reference standard in the grouting process;
the design pressure (formation pressure-drilling fluid column pressure) is a margin coefficient; the coefficient of abundance is 1.2-1.5.
Preferably, in the step 3), transverse lines are distributed along the working face of the horizontal coal mining area, longitudinal lines are distributed along the working face of the vertical coal mining area, the distance between the distributed measuring points is 15-30 m, and the distributed transverse lines and the distributed longitudinal lines are symmetrically distributed.
Preferably, in the step 3), for structures, roads and factory facilities within the protection range of the coal mining area, the distances between the four corners where the measuring points are arranged and the corners are set to be 10-20 m.
Preferably, the transverse lines and the longitudinal lines are laid by a come card TS06 total station and a Queen star-9800 type GPS locator for positioning.
Preferably, the settlement observation device for grouting and filling of the shallow coal seam comprises a support plate, an indication rod and a settlement observation device, wherein the support plate is provided with a first support rod, the tail end of the first support rod is vertically provided with a top plate, the tail end of the top plate is provided with a connecting block, the connecting block is provided with the indication rod, and the first support rod is movably connected with the settlement observation device;
the settlement observation device comprises a base plate, a second supporting rod, a rod sleeve and a measuring rod, wherein the second supporting rod is vertically arranged on the base plate, the connecting rod is welded on the surface of the second supporting rod, the rod sleeve is arranged at the tail end of the connecting rod, the rod sleeve is movably sleeved on the surface of the first supporting rod, a clamping plate is vertically arranged at the tail end of the second supporting rod, the measuring rod is vertically arranged on the clamping plate, and the measuring rod is positioned on one side of the indicating rod.
Preferably, the tail end of the measuring rod is provided with a stop block, the stop block is movably clamped on the indicating rod, the upper surface of the clamping plate is provided with a spring, and the upper end of the spring is connected with one end of the top plate.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the invention makes qualitative change from the coal mining method, does not need to carry out comprehensive treatment on the subsidence area after coal mining, but carries out grouting filling while coal mining, protects the land and other facilities on the ground and prevents the ground surface from settling and damaging.
2. The method provided by the invention controls the sedimentation value above the coal mining working surface within a certain range, only needs to level the land, and does not need to carry out land reclamation or even land collection.
3. The method provided by the invention has no influence on underground coal seam mining in the grouting process.
4. The method provided by the invention occupies less actual work, has less influence on the ecological environment in the mining area, and effectively protects ground facilities.
Drawings
The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow diagram of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a sedimentation observation apparatus according to the present invention.
In the figure: the device comprises a 1 supporting plate, 11 first supporting rods, 12 top plates, 121 connecting blocks, 2 indicating rods, 3 settlement observation devices, 31 backing plates, 32 second supporting rods, 33 connecting rods, 34 rod sleeves, 35 measuring rods, 351 stoppers, 36 clamping plates and 361 springs.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The invention provides a technical scheme that: 1) collecting geological data of a working face of a coal mining area, wherein the heights of an overflow zone, a water diversion fracture zone and a bending subsidence zone are respectively calculated according to the geological data and actual measurement of adjacent or similar working faces; analyzing the structure near the working face of the coal mining area, mainly taking a fault as a main part, making a detailed geological structure profile map, analyzing hydrogeological data of the water outlet condition of the working face of the coal mining area, and effectively controlling the grouting (underground water exists underground during general coal mining, needs to be extracted, and prevents the water burst accident of the working face, injecting a large amount of water and underground water of a stratum during the grouting process, wherein the water amount is larger, the analysis is made in advance, and the prevention is achieved), wherein two sides of the general working face to be mined are goafs, the surface soil layer is extremely shallow, the bedrock has a huge support rock layer (the thickness is more than 30 m), and the overlying rock above a shallow coal seam forms a point support stress beam; and analyzing the thickness of the surface soil layer and the stress layering condition of the bedrock stratum, and effectively predicting the possible bed separation position.
2) Designing a drilling structure according to the analysis result, wherein two sides of the shallow coal seam extend downwards to the position above a caving zone of a coal seam roof of the goaf and below the development peak of a water-flowing fractured zone; the shallow coal seam extends downwards to a coal seam roof separation zone area, and the number of the drill holes and the slurry diffusion radius of grouting are related to the advancing length of a working face of a coal mining area and the ground drilling condition; according to empirical data, the slurry diffusion radius is 50-150 m, the width of a working face of a common coal mining area is about 120m, drill holes are arranged in the middle of the working face of the coal mining area to meet the slurry diffusion radius, one drill hole is generally arranged on the inclination of the working face (including working faces of mining areas on two sides) of the coal mining area, one drill hole can be arranged every 100m in the walking direction, and the drill holes can be arranged in a staggered mode at the left side and the right side of the center line of the working face in order to guarantee the effectiveness of the drill holes. And matching a casing pipe with the same aperture as the drilled hole in the topsoil layer section where the drilled hole is located.
In the grouting process in the drill hole, the drill hole pressure is used as a control parameter, the design pressure is calculated according to the drill hole liquid column pressure and the formation pressure and is used as a reference standard in the grouting process;
the design pressure (formation pressure-drilling fluid column pressure) is a margin coefficient; taking the abundance coefficient as 1.2-1.5; in order to ensure the slurry injection amount in the grouting process, the actual drilling liquid column pressure is kept slightly lower than the design pressure and is 1-2MPa, the actual drilling liquid column pressure is reflected by an orifice pressure gauge, and the actual drilling liquid column pressure is controlled by the grouting amount and the grouting concentration.
3) Before the working face of the coal mining area is mined, a plurality of drill holes are constructed above grouting filling control areas on two sides of an island coal mining working face towards the direction of a coal seam goaf, grouting filling is carried out, pier stud support is formed, and then a plurality of drill holes are constructed above the grouting filling control areas of the coal mining working face towards the direction of the coal seam in sequence. Meanwhile, a ground mobile settlement observation system is established;
the settlement observation system is arranged according to a certain rule, transverse lines are arranged along the working face of the horizontal coal mining area, longitudinal lines are arranged along the working face of the vertical coal mining area, the distance between the arranged observation points 6 is 15-30 m, the arrangement can be properly adjusted according to specific conditions, and the arranged transverse lines and the longitudinal lines are symmetrically distributed, so that the observation points 6 have the condition of continuous observation. For key facilities such as structures, roads, factories and the like in the protection range of a coal mining area, the distances between the four corners and the corners where the observation points 6 are arranged are set to be 10-20 m. The transverse line and the longitudinal line are generally positioned by a come card TS06 total station and a Tianwangxing-9800 type GPS locator, so that the measured data are accurate and effective.
According to the grouting filling requirement and the building monitoring requirement, under the condition of not considering the boundary measuring points of the building, at least 3 observation lines are recommended to be arranged, and the number of the measuring points is about 46, and the details are as follows.
(1) The working surface runs to 1 observation line. The measuring points are arranged along the main section of the working face, the distance between the measuring points in the dense range of the ground buildings in the grouting area is 30m, the distance between the measuring points in other areas is about 60m, and due to the limited terrain and ground objects, part of the measuring points can be arranged along the drill site, and about 27 measuring points are estimated.
(2) The working face transition region is inclined to the observation line 1. And the measuring points are arranged along the road in the inclined direction of the working surface, the distance between the measuring points is 30m, and about 10 measuring points are estimated.
(3) The working face collection area is inclined to the observation line 1. And (4) arranging the measuring points along the road in the village at the outer end of the working surface drawing line at the interval of 30m, and predicting about 9 measuring points.
The working face trend and the inclination observation line are arranged, the observation station is arranged before the working face is mined, and the first observation is completed before the earth surface is influenced by mining.
The settlement value above the working face after coal mining is controlled within a certain range, the land is only required to be leveled, land reclamation and even land acquisition are not required, and facilities such as roads and the like can be effectively protected.
4) When coal mining begins on a working face of a coal mining area, grouting is started 20-50 m away from a drill hole on a coal mining propulsion plane horizontally; and grouting is continued after the coal mining and stoping of the working face of the coal mining area are finished until the ground subsides stably.
The control method provided by the application qualitatively changes the coal mining method, does not need to carry out comprehensive treatment on a subsidence area after waiting for coal mining, but carries out grouting filling while mining the coal, protects the land and other facilities on the ground, and prevents the ground surface from settling to form damage.
Referring to fig. 1-2, a subsidence observation device for shallow coal seam grouting filling comprises a support plate 1, an indication rod 2 and a subsidence observation device 3, wherein the support plate 1 is provided with a first support rod 11, the tail end of the first support rod 11 is vertically provided with a top plate 12, the tail end of the top plate 12 is provided with a connecting block 121, the connecting block 121 is provided with the indication rod 2, and the first support rod 11 is movably connected with the subsidence observation device 3;
as shown in fig. 2, the settlement observation device 3 includes a backing plate 31, a second support rod 32, a rod sleeve 34 and a measuring rod 35, the backing plate 31 is vertically provided with the second support rod 32, the surface of the second support rod 32 is welded with a connecting rod 33, the tail end of the connecting rod 33 is provided with the rod sleeve 34, the rod sleeve 34 is movably sleeved on the surface of the first support rod 11, the tail end of the second support rod 32 is vertically provided with a clamping plate 36, the clamping plate 36 is vertically provided with the measuring rod 35, and the measuring rod 35 is located on one side of the indicating rod 2; the supporting plate 1 is moved to the edge of the coal face, the backing plate 31 on the settlement observation device 3 is moved to the coal face, coal mining is started, the height of the backing plate 31 changes along with the coal face, when the coal face moves downwards, the backing plate 31 and the coal face move downwards simultaneously, the position on the measuring rod 35 is driven to move, the degree is arranged on the measuring rod 35, and therefore the depth of downward movement of the coal face can be observed through the degree of the observation indicating rod 2, which is over against the measuring rod 35.
As shown in fig. 3, a stop 351 is arranged at the end of the measuring rod 35, the stop 351 is movably clamped on the indicating rod 2, a spring 361 is arranged on the upper surface of the clamping plate 36, and the upper end of the spring 361 is connected with one end of the top plate 12; the spring 361 enables the contact between the backing plate 31 and the coal face to be tighter through elasticity, and the situation that the finally measured data has errors due to the fact that a gap exists between the backing plate and the coal face is avoided.
In the description herein, references to the description of "one embodiment," "an example," "a specific example" or the like are intended to mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.
Claims (5)
1. A coal mining method for shallow coal seam grouting filling is characterized by comprising the following operation steps:
1) collecting data: collecting geological data of a coal face, and carrying out detailed analysis on lithology, structure and hydrogeological data of strata in the working face area;
2) surveying the terrain: according to the lithology of the stratum, constructing hydrogeological data and designing a drilling structure, wherein the drilling depth is that two sides of a shallow coal seam extend downwards to the position above a caving zone of a coal seam roof of a goaf and below the highest point of development of a water-guiding fractured zone according to the hydrogeological data, the shallow coal seam extends downwards to a separation zone area of the coal seam roof, the drilling holes are arranged on the working face of a coal mining area at intervals of 100m horizontal distance, the drilling holes are distributed in a staggered mode at the distance of 10-20 m of the center line of the working face of the coal mining area, and casing pipes with the same caliber as the drilling holes are matched on a surface soil layer section where the drilling positions are located; in the grouting process in a drill hole, the drilling liquid column pressure is used as a control parameter, the design pressure is calculated according to the drilling liquid column pressure and the formation pressure and is used as a reference standard of the grouting process, and the design pressure = (formation pressure-drilling liquid column pressure) = margin coefficient; taking the abundance coefficient as 1.2-1.5;
3) drilling: before the coal face is mined, a plurality of drill holes are sequentially constructed above a grouting filling control area of the coal face towards the direction of a coal seam, a ground moving settlement observation system is established, transverse lines are distributed along the working face of a horizontal coal mining area, the distributed transverse lines are symmetrically distributed, longitudinal lines are distributed along the working face of a vertical coal mining area, the distributed longitudinal lines are symmetrically distributed, the distance between the distributed measuring points is 15-30 m, and for structures, roads and factory facilities in the protection range of the coal mining area, the distance between the four corners and the corners where the distributed measuring points are located is 10-20 m;
4) grouting: and when the coal mining of the working face is started, grouting is started at a distance of 20-50 m from the drill hole, and grouting is continued after the coal mining and stoping of the working face are finished until the ground settlement is stable.
2. The shallow coal seam grouting and filling green coal mining method according to claim 1, wherein in the step 1), collecting geological data of a working face of a coal mining area comprises respectively calculating heights of a caving zone, a water diversion fissure zone and a bending subsidence zone according to the geological data and actual measurement of an adjacent or similar working face; analyzing the structure near the working face of the coal mining area; analyzing hydrogeological data of the water outlet condition of the working face of the coal mining area; and analyzing the thickness of soil and the layering condition of the bedrock stratum.
3. The shallow coal seam grouting filling green coal mining method according to claim 1, characterized in that the laying of the transverse line and the longitudinal line is positioned by a come card TS06 total station and a tianwangxing-9800 GPS locator.
4. The settlement observation device for shallow coal seam grouting filling comprises a support plate (1), an indication rod (2) and a settlement observation device (3), and is characterized in that a first support rod (11) is arranged on the support plate (1), a top plate (12) is vertically arranged at the tail end of the first support rod (11), a connecting block (121) is arranged at the tail end of the top plate (12), the indication rod (2) is arranged on the connecting block (121), and the first support rod (11) is movably connected with the settlement observation device (3);
subside observation device (3) including backing plate (31), second bracing piece (32), rod cover (34) and measuring stick (35), be equipped with second bracing piece (32) perpendicularly on backing plate (31), the skin weld of second bracing piece (32) has connecting rod (33), and the end of connecting rod (33) is equipped with rod cover (34), and rod cover (34) movable sleeve is established on the surface of first bracing piece (11), the end of second bracing piece (32) is equipped with cardboard (36) perpendicularly, is equipped with measuring stick (35) perpendicularly on cardboard (36), and measuring stick (35) are located one side of indicator lever (2).
5. The subsidence observation device for shallow coal seam grouting filling of claim 4, wherein the end of the measuring rod (35) is provided with a stop block (351), the stop block (351) is movably clamped on the indicating rod (2), the upper surface of the clamping plate (36) is provided with a spring (361), and the upper end of the spring (361) is connected with one end of the top plate (12).
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| CN112594003B (en) * | 2020-12-15 | 2022-07-22 | 安徽理工大学 | Intelligent matching grouting method for coal-based solid waste paste |
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