CN106761745B - The outer sublevel open stope method of arteries and veins - Google Patents
The outer sublevel open stope method of arteries and veins Download PDFInfo
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- CN106761745B CN106761745B CN201710127146.6A CN201710127146A CN106761745B CN 106761745 B CN106761745 B CN 106761745B CN 201710127146 A CN201710127146 A CN 201710127146A CN 106761745 B CN106761745 B CN 106761745B
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21C—MINING OR QUARRYING
- E21C41/00—Methods of underground or surface mining; Layouts therefor
- E21C41/16—Methods of underground mining; Layouts therefor
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21C—MINING OR QUARRYING
- E21C37/00—Other methods or devices for dislodging with or without loading
- E21C37/06—Other methods or devices for dislodging with or without loading by making use of hydraulic or pneumatic pressure in a borehole
- E21C37/12—Other methods or devices for dislodging with or without loading by making use of hydraulic or pneumatic pressure in a borehole by injecting into the borehole a liquid, either initially at high pressure or subsequently subjected to high pressure, e.g. by pulses, by explosive cartridges acting on the liquid
Abstract
The invention discloses sublevel open stope methods outside a kind of arteries and veins, comprising the following steps: a, stope are arranged along orebody trend, and segmentation is divided in stope height, are adopted in the country rock that quasi- engineering design consolidates outside ore body；B, quasi- engineering is adopted in construction, tunnels sublevel drilling gallery in country rock outside ore body；C, it constructs the medium-length hole of fan-shaped distribution in sublevel drilling gallery to ore body；D, in conjunction with the different phenomenons in the ore body and country rock during productive prospecting and long and medium hole drilling, second termination and the prospecting of ore body state of ore limits are carried out；E, medium-length hole kerve is utilized；F, partition recovery ore removal；G, step c-f is repeated；H, mining is completed.Using adopting standard outside arteries and veins, medium-length hole controls explosion kerve, Luo Kuang, subregion dynamic regulation technology, is able to achieve that ore body is safe and efficient and low consumption exploitation.Suitable for ore body not or pole built on the sand, the clear ore body effect of boundary line of ore bed and rock more than country rock moderately stable is best.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to mining technical fields, particularly, are related to a kind of unsteady very thin to outside middle thickness orebody arteries and veins
Sublevel open stoping mining methods.
Background technique
It is unsteady it is very thin arrive middle thickness orebody, this kind of ore body mostly uses slicing and caving method and downward filling method to carry out both at home and abroad
Back production.
Slicing and caving method is since wood consumption is big, at high cost, production efficiency is low, large labor intensity, operating condition are poor, state
Inside and outside mine has seldom used.
For being estimated to admission passage filling method according to similar orebody mining situation using lower, production capacity is left to 15t at several tons
The right side/day, production efficiency is extremely low, therefore to meet the requirement of mine capacity, and production stope number is extremely more, and management is also complicated.It returns
The all tunnel type operations of work are adopted, ventilation condition is poor.Downward filling method higher slice obturation need to be used as lower leaf drift stoping
Top plate, filling intensity requirement is high, is generally constructed using armored concrete, and construction technology is complicated, at high cost.The program needs
Filling system is built, construction investment is big.
This kind of orebody mining, mining technology is complicated, mining efficiency is low, mining cost is high, operating condition is poor, labor intensity
Greatly, newly-increased investment is big.Wherein mine lower for grade still lacks safe and efficient, economically viable mining methods.
Summary of the invention
The present invention provides sublevel open stope methods outside a kind of arteries and veins, existing for unsteady very thin to middle thick mine to solve
The mining methods of body, mining technology complexity, low efficiency, at high cost, operating condition is poor, labor intensity is high and resource can not back production
Technical problem.
The present invention provides a kind of arteries and veins outer sublevel open stope method, comprising the following steps: and a, stope arrange along orebody trend,
Segmentation is divided in stope height, is adopted in the country rock that quasi- engineering design consolidates outside ore body；B, quasi- engineering is adopted in construction, in ore body periphery
Sublevel drilling gallery is tunneled in rock；C, it constructs the medium-length hole of fan-shaped distribution in sublevel drilling gallery to ore body；D, in conjunction with life
The different phenomenons in ore body and country rock during production exploration and long and medium hole drilling, carry out the second termination and mine of ore limits
The prospecting of body state；E, medium-length hole kerve is utilized；F, partition recovery ore removal；G, step c-f is repeated；H, mining is completed.
Further, in step a, length of stope is >=20m, and stope height is 30m~50m.Stope stays studding and top pillar,
It does not keep on file column.Studding width determines that studding width is 1m~10m according to ore body stability and thickness.Top pillar height is according to ore body
Stability and thickness determine that top pillar height is 1m~6m.According to the stability of country rock, at least one is arranged in stope short transverse
A ore removal is horizontal.Built on the sand due to ore body, stope uses plain base bottom structure, route ore removal, route spacing 5m~15m.Root
It according to rock drilling equipment performance and Ore body morphology, divides and is segmented along stope short transverse, height of lift is 6m~15m.
Further, in step a, stope is not divided in the stage, when back production returns from the middle part of ore body to ore body both wings retrusive
It adopts.
Further, standard is adopted in step b, specifically: haulage drift is arranged in outside ore body lower wall arteries and veins, from haulage drift
People's row material well is tunneled in side, and people's row material well passes to level haulageway.According to the rock drilling equipment of use, in people's row material
Sublevel drilling tunnel is tunneled every 6m~15m in courtyard, sublevel drilling tunnel is located in rock mass firm outside ore body, sublevel drilling
Tunnel and ore limits distance are >=3m.Ore removal level, along length of stope direction, every 5m~15m, in discharging tunnel to
Ore body tunnels ore removal route, and ore removal route length meets the minimum active length of ore removal equipment.
Further, adopt standard in step b, specifically: haulage drift is arranged in outside ore body lower wall arteries and veins, from haulage drift to
The ore body construction tunnel Chuan Mai simultaneously discloses ore body and stops, and is then wearing one lateral extent ore body lower wall certain distance constructor's row material well of arteries and veins
Or ramp passes to stage Chuan Mai tunnel.According to the rock drilling equipment of use, every 6m in people's row material courtyard or ramp
~15m tunnels sublevel drilling tunnel, and sublevel drilling tunnel is located in rock mass firm outside ore body, sublevel drilling tunnel and ore body side
Boundary's distance is >=3m.In ore removal level, along length of stope direction, every 5m~15m, ore removal is tunneled to ore body in discharging tunnel
Route, ore removal route length meet the minimum active length of ore removal equipment.
Further, in step c, medium-length hole uses plastic tube guard aperture or pre- blasting charge guard aperture, to prevent medium-length hole from destroying.
Further, step c specifically: to prevent medium-length hole from destroying, medium-length hole uses plastic tube guard aperture.When medium-length hole is dug
After the completion of rock creeps into work, plastic tube is intercepted according to medium-length hole hole depth moving back pricker process, pricker is moved back and installs immediately after the completion.Plastic tube
Add -1.3m~0.2m equal to medium-length hole hole depth.Pipeline wall thickness is determining according to hole internal stress, generally 2mm~5mm.Outer diameter tube
It is determined according to medium-length hole aperture, the difference in outer diameter tube and medium-length hole aperture is not more than 25mm.Optionally, before explosion, medium-length hole
It is not damaged, guard aperture pipe is taken out when powder charge.
Further, step c specifically: to prevent medium-length hole from destroying, medium-length hole uses pre- blasting charge guard aperture.Pre-install powder stick
It is tied up and is utilized in bamboo chip load hole using bamboo chip, destroyed using the volumetric constraint medium-length hole of explosive, when explosion is reloaded into detonation
Pack is ignited.
Further, in step d, the second termination of ore limits is carried out using back production medium-length hole；When specifically using rock drilling
Magma color is different, the detection of magma grade, velocity variations are crept into rock drilling, drilling machine impact sound changes, rock drilling rock noise real-time monitoring
Data or other technological means for drawing a circle to approve rock mass boundary.
Further, in step d, the prospecting of ore body state, the phenomenon that specially exposure in the process according to long and medium hole drilling, circle
Determine ore body inbreak range, and determines medium-length hole boundary of works area and adjusting and optimizing blasting parameter.These phenomenons include rock drilling card pricker, chisel
Rock does not return slurry, cutting rate becomes faster suddenly.
Further, difficult due to forming roadway engineering in ore body before step e is implemented, with Bottom of Stope engineering when cutting
For the scope of freedom, gradation short-delay blasting is carried out using medium-length hole, is successively carried out from bottom to up, kerve space is formed.
Further, the charge constitution in medium-length hole: ore dilution caused by the country rock in order to control explosion Caved orebody,
Only in the part filling explosive of the ore body section of medium-length hole or ore body section, bottom hole is blocked or is left a blank, aperture blocking, to avoid quick-fried
Dilution caused by armor rock and lower wall country rock and country rock inbreak is hurt on ore body in breakage.It is made to control explosion ore body avalanche country rock
At dilution, design explosive is mounted in ore body center and disk position on the lower side, away from upper disk bed boundaries 0m~1.5m, and away from lower armor
0m~1.5m left-right position not the powder charge of rock boundary.When lower wall is hard ore-rock, explosive should be attached to ore-rock boundary position.Work as ore body
When section blasthole hole depth 2.5m~3.0m or less, length and the position of powder charge section are according to circumstances adjusted.
Further, in step f, due to the discrete feature of rock mass built on the sand, using blasting parameter dynamic regulation technology.First
Arrange blasthole by the blasting parameter estimated, after the medium-length hole of every 3 row of explosion~4 rows, further according to demolition effect adjust array pitch and/or
The Hole pattern parameters of bottom hole pitch are adjusted, gradually to obtain the reasonable Hole pattern parameters under this mine Mining technology condition.
Further, the sequence of the back production ore removal in step f, after the interior back production of segmentation is taken from stope kerve space to both ends
Retract the mode adopted；Between segmentation, upper segment is ahead of adjacent lower segmentation or upper segment and adjacent lower segmentation is flat
Together.The mode to kerve space among stope to both ends back coming is taken in back production ore removal in step f, back production, specifically:
The medium-length hole of vertical fan-shaped distribution, medium-length hole diameter 40mm~90mm are dug in sublevel drilling tunnel to ore body, minimum burden is
1.0m~3.5m, bottom hole pitch 1.0m~3.5m.Artificial dress sticked explosive uses explosive loader powder charge, and explosive specific charge 0.1~
0.5kg/t.The operation system that stope operation takes Qiang Caiqiang to go out after back production explosion, excludes to blasting fume, releases security risk, stands
Carry out ore removal operation.Standby ore removal, including scraper, muck loader, loading machine etc. are installed using mechanization shovel, ore is carried to
Mine chute.
Further, in step f, stope is divided into an at least back production subregion along length of stope direction, from stope when back production
The subregion at one end or middle part starts；Then continued when the inbreak of back production subregion country rock is not serious in the ban according to the stability of ore body country rock
The adjacent subsequent partitions of back production；The inbreak of back production subregion country rock is serious in the ban, stops exploiting the subregion, at this time having returned in adjacent sectors
It adopts subregion side and stays interim studding support dead zone, in adjacent sectors again kerve independence back production.
Further, when using plastic tube mode guard aperture, after the completion of long and medium hole drilling creeps into work, during moving back pricker
Plastic tube is intercepted according to medium-length hole hole depth, pricker is moved back and installs immediately after the completion, plastic tube antistatic, before explosion, medium-length hole is lossless
Wound takes out guard aperture pipe when powder charge；When using pre- blasting charge mode guard aperture, prepackage powder stick is tied up using bamboo chip and bamboo chip is utilized to fill
Enter in hole, destroyed using the volumetric constraint medium-length hole of explosive, when explosion is reloaded into igniting primer ignition.
The invention has the following advantages:
The outer sublevel open stope method of arteries and veins of the present invention, is adopted in quasi- work arrangement country rock relatively firm outside ore body, outside ore body
It arranges sublevel drilling gallery, constructs the medium-length hole of fan-shaped distribution in sublevel drilling gallery to ore body, adopt quasi- cutting and back production
It is completed in engineering country rock relatively firm outside ore body, safety is good, and engineering construction is high-efficient, at low cost.Segmentation, which is adopted, simultaneously cuts
And contact work arrangement avoids adopting cutting journey and is arranged in ore body to which the technology for securing length of stope in advance is asked outside ore body
Topic, length of stope can be according to surrounding rock stability and the stope number etc. of back production be adjusted flexibly simultaneously, improve adopt quasi- efficiency,
The cost sharing for sharing engineering is reduced, and there is good adaptability.Stope divides partition recovery, according to the adjoining rock stability of ore body
Property, the length of dynamic regulation back production subregion realizes the control of Stope roof span, solves the extensive inbreak of face surrounding rock and make
At the technical problem that can not release of ore dilution or even broken ore.The secondary of ore limits is carried out according to back production medium-length hole
Delineation provides foundation for the back production explosion design of ore body, improves explosion controllability.Only in ore body section or ore body section office when powder charge
Portion's powder charge can effectively reduce the rate of dilution and explosive specific charge to control ore dilution caused by explosion Caved orebody country rock.Using
Medium-length hole falls mine on a large scale, and production capacity is big, back production is high-efficient.This method is unlimited suitable for ore body stability, and country rock is medium steady
Gu above is very thin to middle thickness orebody exploitation；Especially built on the sand, boundary line of ore bed and rock more than country rock moderately stable understands for ore body pole
Ore body.
Other than objects, features and advantages described above, there are also other objects, features and advantages by the present invention.
Below with reference to figure, the present invention is described in further detail.
Detailed description of the invention
The attached drawing constituted part of this application is used to provide further understanding of the present invention, schematic reality of the invention
It applies example and its explanation is used to explain the present invention, do not constitute improper limitations of the present invention.In the accompanying drawings:
Fig. 1 is the step flow diagram of the outer sublevel open stope method of arteries and veins of the preferred embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the structural schematic diagram of the outer sublevel open stoping mining of arteries and veins of the preferred embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is I-I sectional view of Fig. 2；
Fig. 4 is II-II sectional view of Fig. 3；
Fig. 5 is the back production medium-length hole charge constitution schematic diagram of the preferred embodiment of the present invention.
Marginal data:
1, sublevel drilling tunnel；2, people's row material well；3, medium-length hole；4, ore removal route；5, broken ore；6, studding；7,
Top pillar；8, upper level haulageway；9, haulage drift；10, powder charge section；11, ore limits.
Specific embodiment
The embodiment of the present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with attached drawing, but the present invention can be limited by following and
The multitude of different ways of covering is implemented.
Fig. 1 is the step flow diagram of the outer sublevel open stope method of arteries and veins of the preferred embodiment of the present invention；Fig. 2 is that the present invention is excellent
Select the structural schematic diagram of the outer sublevel open stoping mining of the arteries and veins of embodiment；Fig. 3 is I-I sectional view of Fig. 2；Fig. 4 is the II-II of Fig. 3 to cut open
Face figure；Fig. 5 is the back production medium-length hole charge constitution schematic diagram of the preferred embodiment of the present invention.
As shown in Figure 1, the outer sublevel open stope method of the arteries and veins of the present embodiment, comprising the following steps: a, stope are along orebody trend
Arrangement divides segmentation in stope height, adopts in the country rock that quasi- engineering design consolidates outside ore body；B, quasi- engineering is adopted in construction,
Sublevel drilling gallery is tunneled in the outer country rock of ore body；C, it constructs the medium-length hole 3 of fan-shaped distribution in sublevel drilling gallery to ore body；
D, in conjunction with the different phenomenons in the ore body and country rock during 3 rock drilling of productive prospecting and medium-length hole, ore limits 11 are carried out
Second termination and the prospecting of ore body state；E, 3 kerve of medium-length hole is utilized；F, partition recovery ore removal；G, step c-f is repeated；H, it completes
Mining.The outer sublevel open stope method of arteries and veins of the present invention, is adopted in quasi- work arrangement country rock relatively firm outside ore body, outside ore body
It arranges sublevel drilling gallery, constructs the medium-length hole 3 of fan-shaped distribution in sublevel drilling gallery to ore body, adopt quasi- cutting and back production
It is completed in engineering country rock relatively firm outside ore body, safety is good, and engineering construction is high-efficient, at low cost.Segmentation, which is adopted, simultaneously cuts
And contact work arrangement avoids adopting cutting journey and is arranged in ore body to which the technology for securing length of stope in advance is asked outside ore body
Topic, length of stope can be according to surrounding rock stability and the stope number etc. of back production be adjusted flexibly simultaneously, improve adopt quasi- efficiency,
The cost sharing for sharing engineering is reduced, and there is good adaptability.Stope divides partition recovery, according to the adjoining rock stability of ore body
Property, the length of dynamic regulation back production subregion realizes the control of Stope roof span, solves the extensive inbreak of face surrounding rock and make
At the technical problem that can not release of ore dilution or even broken ore 5.Ore limits 11 are carried out according to back production medium-length hole 3
Second termination provides foundation for the back production explosion design of ore body, improves explosion controllability.Only in ore body section or ore body when powder charge
The local powder charge of section can effectively reduce the rate of dilution and explosive specific charge to control ore dilution caused by explosion Caved orebody country rock.
Mine is fallen using medium-length hole 3 on a large scale, production capacity is big, back production is high-efficient.This method is unlimited suitable for ore body stability, in country rock
It is exploited etc. the firm above very thin middle thickness orebody that arrives；Especially ore body pole built on the sand, boundary line of ore bed and rock more than country rock moderately stable
Clear ore body.
As shown in Figure 1, Figure 2 and Figure 3, in the present embodiment, in step a, length of stope is >=20m, and stope height is the stage
Nugget height 30m~50m.Stope stays studding 6 and top pillar 7, column of not keeping on file.6 width of studding is true according to ore body stability and thickness
Fixed, 6 width of studding is 1m~10m.7 height of top pillar determines that 7 height of top pillar is 1m~6m according to ore body stability and thickness.By
Built on the sand in ore body, stope uses plain base bottom structure, route ore removal, route spacing 5m~15m.According to rock drilling equipment performance
And Ore body morphology, it divides and is segmented along stope short transverse, height of lift is 6m~15m.
As shown in Figure 1, Figure 2 and Figure 3, in the present embodiment, standard is adopted in step b, specifically: haulage drift 9 is arranged in mine
Outside body lower wall arteries and veins, people's row material well 2 is tunneled from the side of haulage drift 9, people's row material well 2 passes to level haulageway 8.Root
According to the rock drilling equipment of use, sublevel drilling tunnel 1,1, sublevel drilling tunnel are tunneled every 6m~15m in people's row material courtyard
In in rock mass firm outside ore body；In ore removal level, along length of stope direction, every 5m~15m, to mine in haulage drift 9
Body tunnels ore removal route 4, and 4 length of ore removal route meets the minimum active length of ore removal equipment.
As shown in Figure 1, Figure 2 and Figure 3, in the present embodiment, in step c, medium-length hole 3 uses plastic tube guard aperture or pre- blasting charge
Guard aperture, to prevent medium-length hole 3 from destroying.
As shown in Figure 1, Figure 2 and Figure 3, in the present embodiment, step c specifically: to prevent medium-length hole 3 from destroying, medium-length hole 3 is adopted
With plastic tube guard aperture.After the completion of work is crept into 3 rock drilling of medium-length hole, plastic tube is intercepted according to 3 hole depth of medium-length hole moving back pricker process,
Pricker is moved back to install immediately after the completion.Plastics length of tube is equal to 3 hole depth of medium-length hole and adds -1.3m~0.2m.Pipeline wall thickness in hole according to answering
Power is determining, generally 2~5mm.Outer diameter tube determines that the difference in 3 aperture of outer diameter tube and medium-length hole is little according to 3 aperture of medium-length hole
In 25mm.Optionally, before explosion, medium-length hole 3 is not damaged, and guard aperture pipe is taken out when powder charge.
As shown in Figure 1, Figure 2 and Figure 3, in the present embodiment, step c specifically: to prevent medium-length hole 3 from destroying, medium-length hole 3 is adopted
With pre- blasting charge guard aperture.Prepackage powder stick is tied up and is utilized in long bamboo chip load hole using bamboo chip, using in the volumetric constraint of explosive
Deep hole 3 destroys, and igniting primer is packed into when explosion and is ignited.
As shown in Figure 1, Figure 2 and Figure 3, in the present embodiment, in step f, due to the discrete feature of rock mass built on the sand, use is quick-fried
Broken dynamic state of parameters control technique.First blasthole is arranged by the blasting parameter estimated, after the medium-length hole 3 of every 3 row of explosion~4 rows, then root
Array pitch is adjusted according to demolition effect and/or adjusts the Hole pattern parameters of bottom hole pitch, gradually to obtain the conjunction under this mine Mining technology condition
Manage Hole pattern parameters.
As shown in Figure 1, Figure 2 and Figure 3, in the present embodiment, in step d, ore limits 11 are carried out using back production medium-length hole 3
Second termination；Magma color is different when specifically using rock drilling, magma grade detects, velocity variations, drilling machine impulsive sound are crept into rock drilling
The change of tune, rock drilling rock noise Real-time Monitoring Data or other technological means for drawing a circle to approve rock mass boundary.
As shown in Figure 1, Figure 2 and Figure 3, in the present embodiment, in step d, ore body state prospecting, for according to 3 rock drilling of medium-length hole
The phenomenon that disclosing in the process draws a circle to approve ore body inbreak range, and determines 3 boundary of works area of medium-length hole and adjusting and optimizing blasting parameter.This
A little phenomenons include rock drilling card pricker, slurry is not returned in rock drilling, cutting rate becomes faster suddenly.
It is as shown in Figure 1, Figure 2 and Figure 3, difficult due to forming roadway engineering in ore body before step e is implemented in the present embodiment,
Using Bottom of Stope engineering as the scope of freedom when cutting, gradation short-delay blasting is carried out using medium-length hole 3, is successively carried out from bottom to up, shape
At kerve space.
As shown in Figure 1, Figure 2 and Figure 3, in the present embodiment, charge constitution in medium-length hole 3: in order to control explosion Caving System
Ore dilution caused by the country rock of body, only in the part filling explosive of the ore body section of medium-length hole 3 or ore body section, bottom hole is blocked
Or leave a blank, aperture blocking, to avoid dilution caused by armor rock and lower wall country rock on explosion damage ore body and country rock inbreak.For
Dilution caused by control explosion ore body avalanche country rock, design explosive is mounted in ore body center and disk position on the lower side, away from upper armor rock
Boundary 0m~1.5m, and away from lower wall bed boundaries 0m~1.5m left-right position not powder charge.When lower wall is hard ore-rock, explosive
Ore-rock boundary position should be attached to.As ore body section blasthole hole depth 2.5m~3.0m or less, the length of powder charge section 10 is according to circumstances adjusted
Degree and position.
As shown in Figure 1, Figure 2 and Figure 3, in the present embodiment, the sequence of the back production ore removal in step f is segmented interior back production and takes
From stope kerve space to the mode of both ends back coming；Between segmentation, upper segment is ahead of adjacent lower segmentation, Huo Zheshang
Segment section is concordant with adjacent lower segmentation.Back production ore removal in step f, after back production is taken to kerve space among stope to both ends
The mode adopted is retracted, specifically: the medium-length hole 3 of vertical fan-shaped distribution is dug to ore body in sublevel drilling tunnel 1, medium-length hole 3 is straight
Diameter 40mm~90mm, minimum burden are 1.0m~3.5m, bottom hole pitch 1.0m~3.5m.Artificial dress sticked explosive uses powder charge
Device powder charge, explosive specific charge 0.1kg/t~0.5kg/t.The operation system that stope operation takes Qiang Caiqiang to go out, after back production explosion, to
Blasting fume excludes, and releases security risk, carries out ore removal operation immediately.Standby ore removal, including scraper, dress slag are installed using mechanization shovel
Ore is carried to mine chute by machine, loading machine etc..
As shown in Figure 1, Figure 2 and Figure 3, in the present embodiment, stope is divided into an at least back production subregion along length of stope direction,
When back production since the subregion at stope one end or middle part；According to the stability of ore body country rock, the inbreak of back production subregion country rock is not in the ban
When serious, then continue the adjacent subsequent partitions of back production；The inbreak of back production subregion country rock is serious in the ban, stops exploiting the subregion, exist at this time
Interim studding support dead zone is stayed in the subregion of the back production side of adjacent sectors, in adjacent sectors again kerve independence back production.
When implementation, provides a kind of outer sublevel open stoping of arteries and veins safe and efficient mining codes, can be realized not or extremely unsteady very thin
Safe and efficient low consumption to middle thickness orebody is exploited.This method arranges stope along orebody trend, and segmentation is divided in stope height, main
It adopts in quasi- work arrangement country rock relatively firm outside ore body.Ore body is carried out using the different phenomenons during 3 rock drilling of medium-length hole
Second termination and ore body state prospecting, using medium-length hole 3 control explosion kerve, fall mine technology, subregion dynamic regulation technology.
Embodiment:
Certain mine, 1~12m of orebody thickness, 72 ° of ore body mean obliquity, ore body built on the sand, it is more than country rock moderately stable, ore body
Bed boundaries understand.
(1) nugget constituent element
Stope is divided along orebody trend in stage, length of stope is 50m or so, and stope height is miding level height 40m, stope
Width is orebody thickness.Stope stays studding 6 and top pillar 7, column of not keeping on file.6 width of studding is 5m；7 height of top pillar is steady according to ore body
Solidity and thickness determine, are 4m~6m or so.3~4 segmentations, 9~12m of height of lift are divided on stage.
(2) quasi- cutting is adopted
It adopts quasi- cutting engineering and specifically includes that people's row material courtyard, sublevel drilling tunnel 1, ore removal route 4.9 cloth of haulage drift
It sets outside ore body lower wall arteries and veins, from the side of haulage drift 9, driving people's row material well 2 passes to upper level haulageway 8, in people's row material
Expect to tunnel sublevel drilling tunnel 1 every 9m~12m in courtyard, sublevel drilling tunnel 1 is located at lower wall and consolidates in rock mass, roadway distance
Ore body lower wall distance >=3m, 2.5 × 2.5 ㎡ of section.In ore removal level, along length of stope direction, every 5m~7m, in transportation roadway
Ore removal route 4 is tunneled to ore body in road 9, section is 2.2 × 2.2 ㎡, and 4 length of ore removal route should meet scraper minimum work length
Degree.
It is difficult due to forming roadway engineering in ore body when cutting, using central two routes of stope as the scope of freedom, first explosion two
Ore body between route, then ore removal to the requirement for meeting compensating space in blasting next time, recycle 3 explosion of medium-length hole by several times into
Row kerve, when explosion, successively carry out from bottom to up, form kerve space.
(3) back production ore removal
Stopping sequence: back production is taken from stope kerve space to the mode of both ends back coming in being segmented.Between segmentation, on
Segment section is ahead of adjacent lower segmentation or upper segment is concordant with adjacent lower segmentation.
Rock drilling equipment and estimate blasting parameter: rock drilling equipment is YGZ-90 machine rock drill, is equipped with FJY22 disc type drilling cramp.
Vertical fan shaped medium length hole 3, blasthole diameter 50mm are dug to ore body in sublevel drilling tunnel 1, minimum burden is 1.2m~1.5m,
Bottom hole pitch 1.2m~1.8m, it is artificial to fill sticked explosive or use the powder charge of BQF100 explosive loader, explosive specific charge 0.3kg/t~0.5kg/
t.But due to the discrete feature of rock mass built on the sand, using blasting parameter dynamic regulation technology.First arranged by the blasting parameter estimated
Blasthole after the medium-length hole 3 of every 3 row of explosion~4 rows, is joined further according to the hole pattern that demolition effect adjusts array pitch and/or adjusts bottom hole pitch
Number, gradually to obtain the reasonable Hole pattern parameters under this mine Mining technology condition.
Built on the sand due to ore body, inbreak occurs for back after ore removal route 4 discloses ore body, is released in inbreak ore
Afterwards, inbreak range expands, and when back production, the construction of medium-length hole 3 to most upper segmentation construction downwards, construction downwards is to disclosing inbreak
Stop construction after body.The phenomenon that according to disclosing during 3 rock drilling of medium-length hole, draws a circle to approve ore body inbreak range, and determines that medium-length hole 3 is applied
Work range, Blasting Parameters Optimization.These phenomenons include rock drilling card pricker, slurry is not returned in rock drilling, cutting rate becomes faster suddenly.
3 guard aperture measure of medium-length hole: plastic tube guard aperture is used.After the completion of work is crept into 3 rock drilling of medium-length hole, pricker process is being moved back
Plastic tube is intercepted according to medium-length hole hole depth, pricker is moved back and installs immediately after the completion.Plastic tube be equal to 3 hole depth of medium-length hole add -1.3m~
0.2m.Pipeline wall thickness is determining according to hole internal stress, generally 2mm~5mm.Outer diameter tube is determining according to 3 aperture of medium-length hole, pipeline
The difference in 3 aperture of outer diameter and medium-length hole is not more than 25mm.Optionally, before explosion, medium-length hole 3 is not damaged, and when powder charge takes out guard aperture
Pipe.
Control explosion falls mine: ore dilution caused by the country rock in order to control explosion Caved orebody, only in the mine of medium-length hole 3
The part filling explosive of body section or ore body section, bottom hole are blocked or are left a blank, aperture blocking, to avoid disk on explosion damage ore body
Dilution caused by country rock and lower wall country rock and country rock inbreak.In order to control dilution caused by explosion ore body avalanche country rock, design
Explosive is mounted in ore body center and disk position on the lower side, away from 1.2~1.5m of upper disk bed boundaries, and away from lower wall bed boundaries 1~
1.5m left-right position not powder charge.When lower wall is hard ore-rock, explosive should be attached to ore-rock boundary position.When ore body section blasthole hole depth
When 2.5m~3.0m or less, length and the position of powder charge section 10 are according to circumstances adjusted.
Due to ore body easily inbreak, non-powder charge section ore body will be under explosion destruction, the sliding of the ore caused by ore removal
In the environment of dead zone, natural caving is generated rapidly.3 rock drilling range of medium-length hole and explosion are determined according to inbreak situation in exploitation process
Parameter can take induction caving, only obtain broken ore 5 in the part filling explosive blasting of ore body.
The operation system of " Qiang Caiqiang goes out " is taken in stope operation, after back production explosion, excludes to blasting fume, releases security risk,
Ore removal operation is carried out immediately.
Using scraper ore removal, scraper enters ore removal route 4 and fills mine, is then carried to mine chute.
(4) ventilation and safety
Fresh air enters people's row material courtyard by lower part haulage drift 9, enters back into sublevel drilling tunnel 1, behind cleaning face
Air return lane of upper stage is entered by return air raise.
Main roadway is arranged in outside arteries and veins compared in firm wall, and tunnel is generally not required to supporting, when stability is poor, is used
Wooden support or bolt-mesh-spurting supporting.
(5) depletion loss control measure
Reinforce the work such as productive prospecting and geological sampling, get Ore body morphology, occurrence, space distribution situation, Grade change clear,
Make to adopt quasi-, cutting to implement on the basis of reliable geologic information.
In 3 rock drilling of medium-length hole, slurry situation is returned in record drilling, and rock drilling is combined to creep into velocity variations, the drilling machine impulsive sound change of tune
Phenomena such as change, determines ore limits 11, provides foundation for back production explosion.
Drilled record case according to exploration data and rock drilling, second termination ore limits 11, when explosion only in ore body section or
The part filling explosive of ore body section, controls dilution caused by explosion avalanche country rock.
(6) pillar recovery and Mined-out area disposal
The mode for taking natural caving and explosion forced caving to combine handles dead zone.Stayed studding 6, top pillar 7 its from
After right inbreak or forced caving, Controlled ore drawing, ore drawing to cut-off grade are carried out under the covering layer of inbreak.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, is not intended to restrict the invention, for the skill of this field
For art personnel, the invention may be variously modified and varied.All within the spirits and principles of the present invention, made any to repair
Change, equivalent replacement, improvement etc., should all be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of outer sublevel open stope method of arteries and veins, which is characterized in that
The following steps are included:
A, stope is arranged along orebody trend, and segmentation is divided in stope height, adopts the country rock that quasi- engineering design consolidates outside ore body
It is interior；
B, quasi- engineering is adopted in construction, tunnels sublevel drilling gallery in country rock outside ore body；
C, it constructs the medium-length hole of fan-shaped distribution in sublevel drilling gallery to ore body；
D, in conjunction with the different phenomenons in the ore body and country rock during productive prospecting and long and medium hole drilling, ore limits are carried out
Second termination and the prospecting of ore body state；
E, medium-length hole kerve is utilized；
F, partition recovery ore removal, stope divides partition recovery, according to the surrounding rock stability of ore body, the length of dynamic regulation back production subregion
Degree, to realize the control of Stope roof span；
G, step c-f is repeated；
H, mining is completed.
2. the outer sublevel open stope method of arteries and veins according to claim 1, which is characterized in that
In step c, medium-length hole uses plastic tube guard aperture or pre- blasting charge guard aperture, to prevent medium-length hole from destroying.
3. the outer sublevel open stope method of arteries and veins according to claim 1, which is characterized in that
In step f, due to the discrete feature of rock mass built on the sand, using blasting parameter dynamic regulation technology；
Blasthole first is arranged by the blasting parameter estimated, after the medium-length hole of every 3 row of explosion~4 rows, is adjusted and is arranged further according to demolition effect
Away from and/or adjustment bottom hole pitch Hole pattern parameters, gradually to obtain the reasonable Hole pattern parameters under this mine Mining technology condition.
4. the outer sublevel open stope method of arteries and veins according to claim 1, which is characterized in that
In step d, the second termination of ore limits is carried out using back production medium-length hole；
Magma color is different when specifically using rock drilling, magma grade detects, velocity variations, the drilling machine impulsive sound change of tune are crept into rock drilling
Change, rock drilling rock noise Real-time Monitoring Data or other technological means for drawing a circle to approve rock mass boundary.
5. the outer sublevel open stope method of arteries and veins according to claim 1, which is characterized in that
It is difficult due to forming roadway engineering in ore body before step e is implemented, using Bottom of Stope engineering as the scope of freedom when cutting, utilize
Medium-length hole carries out gradation short-delay blasting, successively carries out from bottom to up, forms kerve space.
6. the outer sublevel open stope method of arteries and veins according to claim 1, which is characterized in that
Charge constitution in medium-length hole:
Ore dilution caused by country rock in order to control explosion Caved orebody, only in the ore body section of medium-length hole or the part of ore body section
Load explosive, bottom hole blocked or left a blank, aperture blocking, to avoid armor rock and lower wall country rock on explosion damage ore body and
Dilution caused by country rock inbreak.
7. the outer sublevel open stope method of arteries and veins according to claim 1, which is characterized in that
In step d, the prospecting of ore body state draws a circle to approve ore body inbreak model the case where specially exposure in the process according to long and medium hole drilling
It encloses, determines medium-length hole boundary of works area and adjustment blasting parameter.
8. the outer sublevel open stope method of arteries and veins according to claim 1, which is characterized in that
The sequence of back production ore removal in step f is segmented interior back production and takes from stope kerve space to the mode of both ends back coming；
Between segmentation, upper segment is ahead of adjacent lower segmentation or upper segment is concordant with adjacent lower segmentation.
9. the outer sublevel open stope method of arteries and veins according to claim 8, which is characterized in that
Stope is divided at least one back production subregion along length of stope direction, when back production opens from the subregion of stope one end or middle part
Begin；
According to the stability of ore body country rock, when the inbreak of back production subregion country rock is not serious in the ban, then continue the adjacent subsequent partitions of back production；
The inbreak of back production subregion country rock is serious in the ban, stops exploiting the subregion, stay temporarily in the subregion of the back production side of adjacent sectors at this time
Studding supports dead zone, in adjacent sectors again kerve independence back production.
10. the outer sublevel open stope method of arteries and veins according to claim 2, which is characterized in that
When using plastic tube mode guard aperture, after the completion of long and medium hole drilling creeps into work, according to medium-length hole hole during moving back pricker
Deep interception plastic tube, moves back pricker and installs immediately after the completion,
Plastic tube antistatic,
Before explosion, medium-length hole is not damaged, and guard aperture pipe is taken out when powder charge；
When using pre- blasting charge mode guard aperture, prepackage powder stick is tied up and is utilized in bamboo chip load hole using bamboo chip, utilizes explosive
Volumetric constraint medium-length hole destroy, when explosion, is reloaded into igniting primer ignition.
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| CN108590652B (en) * | 2018-05-09 | 2019-05-21 | 中冶北方（大连）工程技术有限公司 | A kind of sublevel caving method without sill pillar dividing a nugget along orebody trend |
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| CN109322668B (en) * | 2018-10-16 | 2020-08-25 | 长沙矿山研究院有限责任公司 | Method for drawing groove in steeply inclined and extremely unstable ore body |
| CN110847908B (en) * | 2019-10-25 | 2021-06-08 | 铜陵有色金属集团股份有限公司 | Method for delineating ore body by utilizing macropores |
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