CN114073788B - 液状医疗材料 - Google Patents

液状医疗材料 Download PDF

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CN114073788B
CN114073788B CN202110960733.XA CN202110960733A CN114073788B CN 114073788 B CN114073788 B CN 114073788B CN 202110960733 A CN202110960733 A CN 202110960733A CN 114073788 B CN114073788 B CN 114073788B
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gelatin
concentration
medical material
liquid medical
transglutaminase
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CN114073788A (zh
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城户浩胤
千叶克则
有马大纪
大畑建治
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Public University Legal Person Osaka
Tohoku University NUC
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Tohoku University NUC
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Abstract

本发明提供一种液状医疗材料,其能够在常温下保持溶胶状态,且其作为伤口敷料及止血材料的功能比纤维蛋白胶更高,且安全,并能够廉价地制造。该液状医疗材料含有明胶水溶液和诱导明胶的交联的转谷氨酰胺酶,所述明胶水溶液含有浓度为0.2M以上1.0M以下的钙,所述明胶水溶液的浓度为5重量%以上40重量%以下、平均分子量为80,000以上120,000以下、且分子量分布为20,000以上300,000以下。优选钙的浓度为0.2M以上0.7M以下,明胶的冻力为160以上250以下,每单位转谷氨酰胺酶的酶活力为36~400U/ml。

Description

液状医疗材料
技术领域
本发明涉及一种液状医疗材料。
背景技术
防止因生物体的组织损伤导致的体液(血液、组织液等)漏出的组织封闭,在手术等临床上具有重要意义。有效抑制来自损伤部的体液漏出关系到患者在手术中的生命维持、术后的生活质量(QOL)的提升。
在临床上,止血备受重视。作为其理由,可列举如下。
1.失血为死亡的较大主要原因之一,失血的主要原因有严重的外伤、动脉瘤、食管或胃中的溃疡以及食管静脉瘤的破裂等。特别是在无法紧急接受止血治疗时,死亡的可能性升高。
2.手术时的出血为手术中的较大忧虑之一,出血会导致产生全身感染症或器官的功能障碍。此外,出血不仅会妨碍术野,流出的血液的去除还会引起手术的迟误。
3.即便是在进行微创手术(腹腔镜手术等)时,出血也会成为问题,在无法充分抑制出血时,有时不得不变更为开刀手术。
作为现有的止血方法,可列举如下。
1.直接对出血部的血管进行压迫的方法(压迫止血)。该止血法的缺点在于,耗时耗力且需要维持压力,以及存在患者出现血肿的可能性。
2.作为其他基于物理手段的止血方法,有夹紧、夹住出血部附近部位的方法、在出血部放置塞子或海绵这种物体的方法。这些止血法的缺点在于,在自多根微血管出血的情况下难以进行操作。
3.通过热使血液凝固,对出血的血管进行灼烧的方法(电刀)。该方法的缺点在于,会对周围组织造成热损伤、对患者的创伤较大,以及需要医用器具且要求专业性(无法在医疗机构以外进行使用)。
作为现有的止血材料,可列举如下。
1.海藻酸
2.明胶海绵
3.胶原纤维
4.纤维蛋白胶
5.自组装肽
上述材料中的胶原纤维与纤维蛋白胶常作为有效的止血材料而用于临床。
血管缝合不仅在心脏·血管类手术中是必要的,有时在进行常规的腹腔内手术时也需要进行血管缝合。由于在术后会自血管缝合部漏出微量血液,因此需要一种能够持续抑制该血液漏出的止血材料。
胆瘘·胰瘘是一种因胆道手术、胰腺炎或胰腺手术等导致胆汁、胰液漏出,对其他器官造成不良影响的症状。目前尚不知晓可有效抑制胆汁或胰液的漏出且能够临床使用的物质,需要一种安全且有效防止胆瘘·胰瘘的方法。
对于肺,已知因肺泡囊肿破裂的自发性气胸、肋骨骨折或导管穿刺等的外伤性气胸等导致空气漏出的病状。根据症状的情况,有时只能等待自然治愈,作为治疗气胸的手段,仅通过置于患部上层即可与肺组织粘合、封闭囊肿孔的方法被认为是简便且安全性高的方法之一。
通过发展内窥镜技术,开发出了一种通过内窥镜切除病变部位的技术。特别是确立了一种通过内窥镜切除包括食管、胃或肠的消化管的息肉或早期癌症(认为无淋巴结转移的浅表型癌症)等的病变部位的手术方法。在内镜下黏膜切除术中,通常会向包含病变部位的黏膜下层注入高渗盐水等而使病变部位隆起,一边抓住待切除部分一边利用电刀等切除包含病变部位的组织。
在该技术中,为了使病变部位与固有肌层分离会向黏膜下层注入高渗盐水等溶液,但存在盐水等粘性较低的溶液在手术中无法维持病变部位的隆起的问题,需要一种在手术中能够维持患部的隆起的注入液。
通过发展导管治疗方法,确立了通过封闭流入肿瘤或肌瘤等接受血供的病变部位的动脉,使肿瘤或肌瘤等坏死的手术方法。具体而言,可列举出肝动脉栓塞术、子宫动脉栓塞术、脑动脉栓塞术等。
在该技术中,为了封闭动脉,需要注入氨基甲酸乙酯前体或乙烯-乙烯醇等液体,但这无疑存在生物毒性,若非重症则会限制使用。因此,需要开发出一种不存在感染的危险性、且生物毒性低的注入液。
此外,注入液还需要能够添加抗癌剂或造影剂。
对此,近年来出现了一种由于物理、化学、生物学性质而作为新型材料备受瞩目的高度受控的自组装肽(参考专利文献1)。其具有多个肽分子根据其氨基酸序列形成肽分子有序排列的自聚集体的特性。
自组装肽具有带电荷的亲水性氨基酸与电中性的疏水性氨基酸交替排列、正电荷与负电荷交替分布的结构,并在生理pH和盐浓度下为β结构。
对于自组装肽在止血中的应用,确认到自肝脏切开部位末端持续漏出血液,无法彻底止血。作为止血不彻底的理由,推测是由于自组装肽凝胶与组织的粘合不充分。因此,为了将自组装肽的止血效果提升至能够应用于临床的水平,需要进行进一步改良。
与纤维蛋白胶同样应用于临床的、在明胶中加入作为交联剂的甲醛或戊二醛等而使其凝胶化的方法,会形成多胺-醛类,这类物质被指出会导致血管闭塞等后遗障碍或低分子醛类的高神经·组织损伤性,并不令人满意。
为了克服这些问题,进行了大量研究。例如,针对用食品添加剂葡聚糖和ε-聚-L-赖氨酸(以下,也仅称为ε-PLL)作为原料的交联型席夫碱(Schiff base)形成而得到的粘合剂进行了研究(例如,参考专利文献2)。
此外,作为强度较强的粘合剂,对以使柠檬酸活化酯化而成的衍生物和胶原质等蛋白质作为粘合成分的组织粘合剂也进行了研究(例如,参考专利文献3)。
此外,还公开了一种能够用作伤口敷料及止血材料的组合物,其在组合有乙酸缓冲液及柠檬酸缓冲液的溶液中含有能够交联的明胶、转谷氨酰胺酶、钙及尿素(例如,参考专利文献4)。
现有技术文献
专利文献
专利文献1:WO2010/041636国际公开公报
专利文献2:国际公开第2009/057802号
专利文献3:日本特开第2004-261222号公报
专利文献4:日本特开第2011-525128号公报
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题
然而,专利文献1中记载的组织封闭剂虽然为自组装肽,但存在止血能力低于纤维蛋白胶的技术问题。
此外,专利文献2中记载的ε-PLL原料的粘合剂的凝胶强度劣于作为市售止血剂的纤维蛋白胶,存在可能作为止血材料强度不足的技术问题。
此外,专利文献3中记载的组织粘合剂存在如下的技术问题:由于活化酯化合物存在化学不稳定性,无法在水溶液中长期保存,因此在使用前需要使其溶解于可能会对生物体产生不良影响的溶剂中,且进而会导致医生无法在外科手术等进行紧急使用时立刻进行使用,很可能会由此带来麻烦。
此外,这些粘合剂还存在价格非常昂贵的技术问题。
专利文献4中记载的使用了明胶与转谷氨酰胺酶的组合物中需要尿素以使凝胶稳定化,因此存在制备工序繁琐、以及安全性问题的技术问题。
本发明着眼于上述技术问题而进行,目的在于提供一种液状医疗材料,其能够在常温下保持溶胶状态,且其作为伤口敷料及止血材料的功能比纤维蛋白胶更高,且安全,并能够廉价地制造。
解决技术问题的技术手段
为了达成上述目的,本申请的发明人进行了认真研究,结果发现存在最佳的明胶的种类、明胶浓度、钙浓度,从而完成了本发明。
即,本发明的液状医疗材料的特征在于,含有明胶水溶液和诱导所述明胶的交联的转谷氨酰胺酶,所述明胶水溶液含有浓度为0.2M以上1.0M以下的钙,所述明胶水溶液的浓度为5重量%以上40重量%以下、平均分子量为80,000以上120,000以下、且分子量分布为20,000以上300,000以下。
优选本发明的液状医疗材料中的所述钙的浓度为0.2M以上0.7M以下,所述明胶的冻力(bloom)为160以上250以下,每单位所述转谷氨酰胺酶的酶活力为36~400U/ml。
优选本发明的液状医疗材料的所述明胶水溶液中的钙浓度[M]相对于明胶重量浓度[wt%]的比例为0.005~0.040[M/wt%]。
优选本发明的液状医疗材料在含有所述转谷氨酰胺酶的同时还含有葡聚糖,所述葡聚糖的DE值为10以上25以下、平均分子量大于5000且为25000以下。
优选本发明的液状医疗材料在含有所述转谷氨酰胺酶的同时还含有葡聚糖,所述葡聚糖的DE值为25以上、平均分子量为5000以下。
本发明的液状医疗材料例如为生物组织粘合剂、止血材料、细胞保存液、器官保存液、人工软膏、牙槽骨重建剂、生物组织粘连防止剂、黏膜隆起剂、后出血防止剂、伤口敷料、植入辅助材料或血管内治疗时的栓塞物。
特别优选本发明的液状医疗材料为静脉止血材料。
本发明的液状医疗材料能够在常温下保持溶胶状态,且其作为伤口敷料及止血材料的功能比纤维蛋白胶更高,且安全,并能够廉价地制造。
发明效果
根据本发明,能够提供一种液状医疗材料,其能够在常温下保持溶胶状态,且其作为伤口敷料及止血材料的功能比纤维蛋白胶更高,且安全,并能够廉价地制造。
附图说明
图1为表示本发明的实施例的、使用了转谷氨酰胺酶活力不同的样本时的止血材料的粘弹性变化的图表。
图2中的(A)为表示本发明的实施例的、在含有转谷氨酰胺酶的同时还含有葡聚糖时的DE值与止血功能的关系的图表,图2中的(B)为表示本发明的实施例的、在含有转谷氨酰胺酶的同时还含有葡聚糖时的平均分子量与止血功能的关系的图表。
具体实施方式
以下,对本发明的实施方式的液状医疗材料进行说明。
本发明的实施方式的液状医疗材料含有明胶水溶液和诱导明胶的交联的转谷氨酰胺酶,所述明胶水溶液含有浓度为0.2M以上1.0M以下的钙,所述明胶水溶液的浓度为5重量%以上40重量%以下、平均分子量为80,000以上120,000以下、且分子量分布为20,000以上300,000以下。
优选钙的浓度为0.2M以上0.7M以下,明胶的冻力为160以上250以下,每单位转谷氨酰胺酶的酶活力为36~400U/ml。
钙主要含有于例如氯化钙、碳酸钙等,特别优选氯化钙。
优选所述明胶水溶液中的钙浓度[M]相对于明胶重量浓度[wt%]的比例为0.005~0.040[M/wt%]。
优选在含有转谷氨酰胺酶的同时还含有葡聚糖,所述葡聚糖的DE值为10以上25以下、平均分子量大于5000且为25000以下。
此外,优选在含有转谷氨酰胺酶的同时还含有葡聚糖,所述葡聚糖的DE值为25以上、平均分子量为5000以下。
本发明的实施方式的液状医疗材料例如为生物组织粘合剂、止血材料、细胞保存液、器官保存液、人工软膏、牙槽骨重建剂、生物组织粘连防止剂、黏膜隆起剂、后出血防止剂、伤口敷料、植入辅助材料或血管内治疗时的栓塞物。
特别优选本发明的实施方式的液状医疗材料为静脉止血材料。
在本发明中,“血液”除了为人的血液之外,还可以为除人的血液以外的血液。
本发明的实施方式的液状医疗材料能够在常温下保持溶胶状态,且其作为伤口敷料及止血材料的功能比纤维蛋白胶更高,且安全,并能够廉价地制造。
对于本发明的实施方式的液状医疗材料,明胶材料在25℃的条件及生物体内的37℃左右的条件下不会固体化(凝胶化),并且在添加了转谷氨酰胺酶时,能够在300秒以内、优选在90秒以内、进一步优选在30秒以内固体化。
特别是在使用于血液中时,能够以与无血液状态相同或更快的速度固体化,形成粘弹性非常高的膜。
在用于伤口覆盖时,在混合了转谷氨酰胺酶时,能够非常快速地固体化,形成粘弹性非常高的膜。
实施例
以下,列举实施例对发明进行说明,但本发明不限定于这些实施例。另外,在以下的实施例中,“%”表示重量%。
(试验1)
制备以下的明胶/钙水溶液。
明胶的种类:
A:平均分子量为100,000(分布为20,000~300,000)的酸处理明胶
B:平均分子量为100,000(分布为20,000~300,000)的碱处理明胶
C:平均分子量为20,000的明胶(多肽)
D:分子量约为100,000(分布为80,000~120,000)的明胶
明胶浓度:5~40wt%(5、10、20、30、40wt%)
钙浓度:0.0~1.0M(0、0.2、0.4、0.5、0.7、1.0M)
(1)制备A、B、C、D的5、10、20、30、40wt%明胶水溶液。
在25℃的条件下,A、B、D的明胶水溶液在浓度为5%时发生了固体化。C的明胶水溶液即便在40%时也未固体化,呈流动状态。
(2)对于A、B、D,制备表1所示的明胶浓度及钙浓度的明胶/钙水溶液。
在25℃的条件下,观察各种明胶/钙水溶液的状态,以固体化、流动、强粘度中的任意一种进行评价。
固体化:即使将样本放倒水溶液也完全不动的状态
流动:将样本放倒时水溶液会运动流出的状态。
强粘度:将样本放倒时在经过一定时间后液面缓慢运动的状态。
[表1]
Figure BDA0003222230790000081
Figure BDA0003222230790000082
Figure BDA0003222230790000083
Figure BDA0003222230790000091
根据以上的结果,可选择在25℃下为未固体化的状态、即强粘度、流动状态的水溶液。其选择条件如下。
<条件>
A、B:0%<适宜的条件≤40%明胶<可制备明胶水溶液的最高浓度0.2M钙≤适宜的条件≤1.0M钙<可制备钙水溶液的最高浓度
C:0%<适宜的条件≤40%明胶<可制备明胶水溶液的最高浓度
0M钙<适宜的条件<可制备钙水溶液的最高浓度
D:0%<适宜的条件<40%明胶
0.2M钙≤适宜的条件≤1.0M钙<可制备钙水溶液的最高浓度
(试验2)
为了查明转谷氨酰胺酶的酶活力的适宜的范围,测定使用了转谷氨酰胺酶活力不同的样本时的止血材料的粘弹性变化。
使用含有0.5M CaCl2的20%(冻力为250,平均分子量为100,000)明胶,评价转谷氨酰胺酶活力不同的样本。在表2中示出各样本的转谷氨酰胺酶活力。在图1中示出粘弹性变化的测定结果。
[表2]
实验例 转谷氨酰胺酶活力(作为BSA)[U/ml]
实验例1 51.6
实验例2 43.0
实验例3 34.4
实验例4 25.8
比较例1 17.2
由图1的结果可知,优选用于止血材料的交联剂的转谷氨酰胺酶的转谷氨酰胺酶活力[U/ml]高于17.2,特别优选高于34.4。
(试验3)
使用血液粘弹性检查装置(产品名称:“Sonoclot”,Sienco,Inc.制造),进行止血材料的交联评价试验。在添加转谷氨酰胺酶后,相对粘弹性因交联而上升,将其斜率设为K,并进行比较。
<基本实验>
使用表3所示的含钙明胶与相对酶活力为51.6U/ml的转谷氨酰胺酶,进行实验。将该结果示于表3的右栏。
[表3]
Figure BDA0003222230790000101
由该结果可知,对于按照现有专利制备的比较例1,其最初的粘弹性的增长差,即使经过时间后,也很难固体化,而对于实施例1~3,其最初的粘弹性的增长良好,易于固体化。
选择试验1的B的20%明胶/0.2M钙水溶液(材料α),实施基于转谷氨酰胺酶的交联试验。将使用的转谷氨酰胺酶(TG)的酶活力与浓度示于表4。
[表4]
名称 酶活力[U/g] 浓度[mg/ml] 产品名称
TGA 86 6.0 KS-CT(JINOMAOTO CO.,INC.制造)
TGB 86 2.0 KS-CT(AJINOMOTO CO.,INC.制造)
TGC 86 0.6 KS-CT(AJINOMOTO CO.,INC.制造)
分别向100μL的材料α中添加50μL的浓度不同的TG,并进行搅拌,测定固体化时间。将该结果示于表5。
根据表5的结果,选择TGA作为TG。
[表5]
名称 浓度[mg/ml] 固体化时间[分钟]
TGA 6.0 3
TGB 2.0 6
TGC 0.6 15
使用转谷氨酰胺酶及各种明胶/钙水溶液,进行交联试验。将进行了试验的样本的条件示于表6及表7。
此外,为了进行比较,根据专利文献4,按照以下方式准备参考例,并以相同的方式进行交联试验。
参考例1:在含有2M尿素、1M钙、0.1M乙酸钠的25%(w/w)明胶溶液(明胶为猪的酸处理明胶且冻力为270)中,混合在0.5M乙酸钠中溶解有钙非依赖性的微生物转谷氨酰胺酶(mTG)的7.5%(w/w)微生物转谷氨酰胺酶(AJINOMOTO CO.,INC.制造:10%w/w mTG-ACTIVA-TG)溶液,制备溶液。
参考例2:在参考例1中使用0.5M柠檬酸钠代替0.5M乙酸钠,制备溶液。
[表6]
Figure BDA0003222230790000121
*):虽然呈流动状态,但在混合转谷氨酰胺酶的瞬间变得不均一。
N.D.:由于为固体,因此未能混合。
[表7]
样本编号 20%明胶 冻力 钙浓度[M] 固体化时间[秒] 使用术野 实验例
21 A类 200 0.2 40 直视类 实施例
22 0.4 30 直视类 实施例
23 0.5 100 导管类 实施例
24 0.7 350 比较例
25 B类 160 0.2 75 直视类 实施例
26 0.4 65 直视类 实施例
27 0.5 100 导管类 实施例
28 0.7 420 比较例
29 200 0.2 55 直视类 实施例
30 0.4 25 直视类 实施例
31 0.5 40 直视类 实施例
32 0.7 350 比较例
33 250 0.2 45 直视类 实施例
34 0.4 15 直视类 实施例
35 0.5 85 直视类 实施例
36 0.7 250 导管类 实施例
37 D类 200 0.2 *) 比较例
38 0.4 *) 比较例
39 0.5 *) 比较例
40 0.7 150 导管类 实施例
*):虽然呈流动状态,但在混合转谷氨酰胺酶的瞬间变得不均一。
作为液状医疗材料的功能,在25℃的条件下,在进行交联之前不会凝固,即使进行混合也不会产生不均一的块体,且交联后的固体化时间(由原始状态变为2次方以上的粘性的时间(例如,10cps→100cps))优选为300秒以下,进一步优选为90秒以下,特别优选为30秒以下。
认为在25℃的条件下不固体化且在85秒内不固体化的液状医疗材料难以用于直视术野中。此外,认为在300秒内不固体化的液状医疗材料难以用于导管术野中。
将100μL的血液、100μL的B的20%明胶/0.2M钙水溶液(材料α)及50μL的转谷氨酰胺酶混合,测定固体化时间。将进行试验的样本的条件示于表8。
[表8]
样本编号 20%明胶 冻力 钙浓度[M] 固体化时间[秒] 使用术野 实验例
41 A类 200 0.2 N.D. 比较例
42 0.4 24 直视类 实施例
43 0.5 80 导管类 实施例
44 0.7 280 导管类 实施例
45 B类 160 0.2 N.D. 比较例
46 0.4 52 直视类 实施例
47 0.5 95 导管类 实施例
48 0.7 360 比较例
49 200 0.2 N.D. 比较例
50 0.4 22 直视类 实施例
51 0.5 33 直视类 实施例
52 0.7 280 导管类 实施例
53 250 0.2 N.D. 比较例
54 0.4 12 直视类 实施例
55 0.5 15 直视类 实施例
56 0.7 220 导管类 实施例
57 D类 200 0.2 N.D. 比较例
58 0.4 N.D. 比较例
59 0.5 N.D. 比较例
60 0.7 120 导管类 实施例
N.D.:于25℃下在材料α中混合了血液与转谷氨酰胺酶时变得不均一。
如表8所示,认为在25℃的条件下不固体化且在60秒内不固体化的液状医疗材料难以用于直视术野下的止血,特别是难以用于直视术野下的动脉止血。此外,在200秒内不固体化的液状医疗材料难以用于在导管术野下的止血。
(试验4)
制备以下的明胶/钙水溶液。平均分子量为100,000(分布为20,000~300,000)的碱处理明胶(明胶浓度:20wt%)/0.5M钙水溶液。使用该明胶水溶液,实施基于转谷氨酰胺酶的交联试验。
作为转谷氨酰胺酶(TG),使用酶活力为86U/g、浓度为6mg/ml、多糖类浓度为600mg/ml的转谷氨酰胺酶(名称:TGA,产品名称:KS-OT(AJINOMOTO CO.,INC.制造)),在去除所含有的多糖类之后,分别添加600mg/ml的以下5种葡聚糖。将交联试验的结果分别示于右侧。
(1)DE值为38,平均分子量为4000,为多孔:交联反应为5分钟以内
(2)DE值为16,平均分子量为15000,为多孔:交联反应为30秒以内
(3)DE值为10,平均分子量为25000,为多孔:进行了交联反应
(4)DE值为10,平均分子量为23000,非多孔:未能进行交联试验
(5)DE值为12,平均分子量为20000,非多孔:未能进行交联试验
此外,对于止血功能,将未能进行交联试验的评价为1,将进行了交联反应的评价为2,将交联反应为5分钟以内的评价为3,将交联反应为2分钟以内的评价为4,将交联反应为30秒以内的评价为5,将DE值与止血功能的关系示于图2中的(A),将平均分子量与止血功能的关系示于图2中的(B)。
由以上的结果可知,从止血功能的角度出发,优选在含有转谷氨酰胺酶的同时还含有DE值为10以上25以下、且平均分子量大于5000且为25000以下的葡聚糖。此外,可知还优选在含有转谷氨酰胺酶的同时还含有DE值为25以上且平均分子量为5000以下的葡聚糖。

Claims (5)

1.一种液状医疗材料,其特征在于,含有明胶水溶液、多孔葡聚糖和诱导所述明胶的交联的转谷氨酰胺酶,所述明胶水溶液含有浓度为0.2M以上1.0M以下的钙,所述明胶水溶液的浓度为5重量%以上40重量%以下、平均分子量为80,000以上120,000以下、且分子量分布为20,000以上300,000以下,所述多孔葡聚糖的DE值为16、平均分子量为15000,或者所述多孔葡聚糖的DE值为38、平均分子量为4000。
2.根据权利要求1所述的液状医疗材料,其特征在于,所述钙的浓度为0.2M以上0.7M以下,所述明胶的冻力为160以上250以下,每单位所述转谷氨酰胺酶的酶活力为36~400U/ml。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的液状医疗材料,其特征在于,所述明胶水溶液中的钙浓度[M]相对于明胶重量浓度[wt%]的比例为0.005~0.040[M/wt%]。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的液状医疗材料,其特征在于,所述液状医疗材料为生物组织粘合剂、止血材料、细胞保存液、器官保存液、人工软膏、牙槽骨重建剂、生物组织粘连防止剂、黏膜隆起剂、后出血防止剂、伤口敷料、植入辅助材料或血管内治疗时的栓塞物。
5.根据权利要求1或2所述的液状医疗材料,其特征在于,所述液状医疗材料为静脉止血材料。
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