CN114061903A - Simulation test device and simulation test method for debris flow impacting variable-slope river channel - Google Patents

Abstract

The application provides a simulation test device of a debris flow impact variable slope river channel and a simulation test method, which belong to the field of debris flow simulation tests, wherein the simulation test device of the debris flow impact variable slope river channel comprises a traction type trailer, a mold type groove and a landslide simulation groove, wherein a traction arm of the traction type trailer is respectively provided with a first support plate and a second support plate, the mold type groove comprises a first groove body, the lower side of one side of the traction arm of the traction type trailer, which is far away from the first groove body, is rotationally connected with the lower side of one side of the traction arm of the traction type trailer, which is far away from the one side of the traction arm of the traction type trailer, the landslide simulation groove comprises a second groove body and a landslide adjusting plate, the two landslide adjusting plates are symmetrically arranged inside the second groove body, the lower side of the landslide adjusting plate is attached to the lower side inside the second groove body, so that a soil and stone sample can be nearby taken to avoid consuming a large amount of manpower and material resources, the data accuracy and the simulation test efficiency are improved.

Description

Simulation test device and simulation test method for debris flow impacting variable-slope river channel

Technical Field

The application relates to the field of debris flow simulation tests, in particular to a simulation test device and a simulation test method for a debris flow impacting variable-slope river channel.

Background

The debris flow is a serious geological disaster, sudden outbreak occurs, the flow rate is high, the flow is large, the material capacity is large, huge stones can be mixed and go forward at high speed, and strong energy is provided, so that the destructiveness is great, and in areas with multiple debris flows, the debris flow often impacts and destroys river channels, so that the river channels collapse is caused, the shipping is blocked, and even flood disasters are caused, so that huge economic losses are brought. Therefore, in areas where debris flow is prone to occur frequently, such as semiarid mountain areas or plateau glacier areas, slope-changing riverways are mostly adopted or existing riverways are subjected to slope-changing transformation, slope lines of the slope-changing riverways are zigzag instead of oblique straight lines, and relieving tables can be formed due to long slope oblique line distances, so that landslide can be effectively prevented, certain protection effect on impact damage of the debris flow can be achieved, further blockage caused by self collapse of the riverways due to impact of the debris flow can be effectively relieved, and post-disaster dredging and reconstruction are facilitated. In the process of evaluating or maintaining before the construction of the variable-slope river channel, the influence of the debris flow impacting the variable-slope river channel and the destructive power gradient law thereof are known and mastered through debris flow simulation tests, detailed data are collected, and research and modeling are performed, so that powerful scientific support is provided for the construction and maintenance of the variable-slope river channel in the region with multiple debris flows.

At present, the simulation test of the debris flow impact variable slope river channel is mostly carried out indoors, the soil in the area to be researched is mostly collected, transported to a test room and then buried in a test device, and then relevant test research is carried out.

Disclosure of Invention

The present application is directed to solving at least one of the problems in the prior art. Therefore, the simulation test device and the simulation test method for the debris flow impact variable-slope river channel can carry out on-site simulation test on the debris flow impact variable-slope river channel on the site or near the site, and the debris sample does not need to be collected and transported specially, so that the consumption of manpower and material resources is greatly reduced, and the simulation test efficiency and the accuracy of data acquisition are improved.

The application is realized as follows:

first aspect, this application provides mud-rock flow strikes variable slope river's analogue test device, including towed trailer, die type groove and landslide simulation groove.

The lower side of a chassis of the traction type trailer is provided with a first connecting block, the first connecting block is provided with a first hydraulic cylinder, one end of the first hydraulic cylinder is rotatably connected to the first connecting block, a traction arm of the traction type trailer is respectively provided with a first support plate and a second support plate, the mold groove comprises a first groove body, one side, close to the traction arm of the traction type trailer, of the first groove body is provided with a notch, the lower side, far away from the traction arm of the traction type trailer, of the first groove body is rotatably connected to one side, far away from the traction arm of the traction type trailer, of the chassis of the traction type trailer, the tail end of a piston rod of the first hydraulic cylinder is rotatably connected to one end, close to the traction arm of the traction type trailer, of the lower side of the first groove body, the landslide simulation groove comprises a second groove body and a landslide regulation plate, the lower edge of one end of the second groove body is rotatably connected to the lower edge of the notch, close to one side, close to the traction arm of the traction type trailer, of the first groove body, the second groove body is far away from one end of the first groove body and is subjected to plugging treatment, the two landslide adjusting plates are symmetrically arranged inside the second groove body, and the lower sides of the landslide adjusting plates are attached to the lower sides inside the second groove body.

In an embodiment of this application, the chassis of towed trailer is kept away from tow truck's draft arm one side both ends are provided with the second pneumatic cylinder respectively, first backup pad both ends also are provided with respectively the second pneumatic cylinder, the piston rod lower extreme of second pneumatic cylinder is provided with the disc.

In an embodiment of this application, first backup pad middle part is provided with the third pneumatic cylinder, the third pneumatic cylinder with the second pneumatic cylinder sets up side by side, third pneumatic cylinder upper end is fixed run through in first backup pad middle part, the universal wheel is installed to the piston rod lower extreme of third pneumatic cylinder.

In an embodiment of this application, the chassis of towed trailer is kept away from second cell body one side is provided with two and props up the solid board side by side, prop up solid board one end fixed connection in the chassis one side of towed trailer.

In an embodiment of this application, the bracing plate is kept away from chassis one end downside of towed trailer is provided with the second connecting block, two be provided with the connecting axle between the second connecting block, connecting axle both ends respectively fixed connection in two the second connecting block.

In an embodiment of this application, first cell body is kept away from second cell body one end is provided with the baffle, the baffle downside rotate connect in follow under first cell body one end, the baffle both sides laminate in the inside both sides of first cell body, the curb plate of first cell body surpasss the length in the baffle outside is not less than the height of baffle.

In an embodiment of this application, be provided with the blanking plate respectively along both ends on the baffle inboard, blanking plate one side laminate in inside one side of first cell body, the blanking plate downside is provided with the sliding plate, the sliding plate upside laminate in blanking plate downside.

In an embodiment of this application, the end plate upside is close to baffle one side is provided with the fixed block, fixed block one side laminating in first cell body is inboard, the fixed block opposite side is provided with the fourth pneumatic cylinder, the terminal fixed connection of piston rod of fourth pneumatic cylinder in the sliding plate is kept away from fixed block one side.

In an embodiment of the application, the connecting shaft with be provided with the fifth pneumatic cylinder between the baffle, fifth pneumatic cylinder one end rotate connect in the connecting shaft middle part, the piston rod end of fifth pneumatic cylinder rotate connect in the baffle outside.

In an embodiment of this application, second cell body bilateral symmetry is provided with the fixed column, fixed column one end rotate connect in the second cell body outside, second cell body both sides still symmetry is provided with the stopper.

In an embodiment of the application, the simulation test device and the simulation test method for the debris flow impacting variable slope river channel further comprise an adjusting lifting mechanism and a rainfall simulation mechanism.

The adjusting lifting mechanism comprises a sixth hydraulic cylinder, a seventh hydraulic cylinder, a winch, an eighth hydraulic cylinder and a spring, wherein the two sixth hydraulic cylinders are arranged in parallel, the lower end of the sixth hydraulic cylinder is rotatably connected to one end of the second support plate, the winch is arranged at the top end of a piston rod of the sixth hydraulic cylinder, the two winches are respectively connected to two sides of the second groove body in a transmission manner, the two seventh hydraulic cylinders are arranged in parallel, the lower end of the seventh hydraulic cylinder is rotatably connected to the upper side of a traction arm of the traction type trailer, the top end of the piston rod of the seventh hydraulic cylinder is rotatably connected to one side of the sixth hydraulic cylinder, the four eighth hydraulic cylinders are symmetrically arranged in the second groove body, one end of each eighth hydraulic cylinder is rotatably connected to one side in the second groove body, and the top end of the piston rod of each eighth hydraulic cylinder is rotatably connected to the lower side of the landslide adjusting plate, the upper end of the spring is rotatably connected to the eighth hydraulic cylinder, the lower end of the spring is rotatably connected to the bottom side in the second trough body, the rainfall simulation mechanism comprises ninth hydraulic cylinders, a first frame, tenth hydraulic cylinders, limiting plates, a first spray pipe, a support, a second frame and a second spray pipe, the two ninth hydraulic cylinders are arranged on two sides of one end, away from the first trough body, of the second trough body in parallel, two ends of one side of the first frame are fixedly connected to the top ends of piston rods of the two ninth hydraulic cylinders respectively, the first frame and the second trough body are arranged in parallel, a plurality of first spray pipes are uniformly arranged in the first frame in parallel, two ends of the first spray pipe are fixedly penetrated through two sides of the first frame respectively, a plurality of first nozzles are uniformly arranged on one side, close to the second, of the first spray pipe, and two limiting plates are arranged on two sides of the first frame respectively, the limiting plate is provided with a long round hole, the middle part of the limiting plate is rotationally connected with the first frame, two ends of the first spray pipe are respectively provided with a piston rod, one end of the piston rod penetrates through the first spray pipe in a sliding manner, the other end of the piston rod is in transmission connection with the limiting plate, two tenth hydraulic cylinders are respectively arranged on two sides of one end of the first frame, one end of each tenth hydraulic cylinder is rotationally connected with the first frame, the tail end of a piston rod of each tenth hydraulic cylinder is rotationally connected with one end of the limiting plate, the lower ends of two sides of the support are fixedly connected with two ends of the chassis of the traction type trailer, which are far away from one side of the second groove body, one side of the second frame is rotationally connected with the upper side of the support, a plurality of second spray pipes are uniformly arranged in the second frame in parallel, and two ends of the second spray pipes are fixedly connected with two sides in the second frame, the second spray pipe is close to first cell body one side evenly is provided with a plurality of second nozzle, the support both sides are provided with the eleventh pneumatic cylinder respectively, eleventh pneumatic cylinder one end rotate connect in support one side, the piston rod top of eleventh pneumatic cylinder rotate connect in second frame one side.

In an embodiment of the application, a fixed seat is arranged at the top end of a piston rod of the sixth hydraulic cylinder, the winch is installed inside the fixed seat, and the outer end of a steel wire rope of the winch is fixedly connected to one side of the fixed column.

In an embodiment of this application, the fixing base upside is provided with the third connecting block, the third connecting block is close to second cell body one side is provided with first spacing post, first spacing post one end fixed connection in the third connecting block, the third connecting block other end with the stopper downside corresponds the setting.

In one embodiment of the application, the upper end of the spring is provided with a connecting ring, the eighth hydraulic cylinder is rotatably penetrated through the connecting ring, a fourth connecting block is arranged at the bottom side inside the second groove body, and the lower end of the spring is rotatably connected to the fourth connecting block.

In an embodiment of the application, the piston rod is provided with a second limiting column near one end of the limiting plate, and the outer side of the second limiting column is attached to the inner side of the long circular hole of the limiting plate.

In an embodiment of the application, a plurality of first spray pipes are provided with a first water pipe above, the first water pipe is sequentially communicated with a plurality of first spray pipes, a plurality of second spray pipes are provided with a second water pipe above, and the second water pipe is sequentially communicated with a plurality of second spray pipes.

In an embodiment of this application, the second water pipe is close to support one end is provided with the fifth connecting block, the second water pipe is fixed run through in the fifth connecting block, the fifth connecting block rotate connect in the support upside.

In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present application further provides a method for simulating a debris flow impact variable-slope river channel, including the simulation test apparatus for simulating a debris flow impact variable-slope river channel; and the following steps:

s1: the whole simulation test device is pulled to a debris flow place or a place nearby by a pull-type trailer, a flat position is selected for arrangement and expansion, and the inclination angle of the first groove body can be properly adjusted by the first hydraulic cylinder according to actual needs;

s2: adjusting the inclination angle of the second groove body according to the test requirements, and properly adjusting the angles and the positions of the two landslide adjusting plates so as to simulate the appropriate landslide state of the earth and the stone;

s3: according to test requirements, soil samples are collected from a variable slope river channel to be researched, a variable slope river channel model meeting requirements is arranged in a first groove body, related soil and stone samples are collected from a mountain or an area to be researched, and a mountain or slope model is arranged in a second groove body according to local terrain and geological composition;

s4: related test data collecting and monitoring equipment is arranged, under most conditions, the first tank body is generally in a transparent arrangement, so that test data can be observed, monitored and obtained conveniently, a flow velocity meter can be generally arranged in the first tank body, equipment such as a particle image velocimeter, an automatic digital camera, a high-speed video camera and the like can be arranged around or outside the simulation device according to requirements, and related data of a simulation test can be comprehensively and efficiently monitored and obtained;

s5: the rainfall simulation is carried out manually, the forming process of the debris flow is simulated, and when the debris flow is simulated to impact the variable-slope river channel model, relevant test data are monitored and recorded in real time through relevant test data collecting and monitoring equipment which is arranged and installed in advance, so that later analysis, research and modeling can be facilitated, and the simulation test of the debris flow impacting the variable-slope river channel can be completed.

The beneficial effect of this application is: the application obtains the simulation test device and the simulation test method of the debris flow impact variable slope river channel through the design, when in use, the whole simulation test device can be firstly pulled to a debris flow generation place or nearby through a traction type trailer through a motor vehicle such as a truck, a relatively flat position is selected to be arranged and unfolded, the inclination angles of a first groove body and a second groove body are properly adjusted according to test requirements, the angles and the positions of two landslide adjusting plates are properly adjusted, a soil sample is taken from the variable slope river channel to be researched, a variable slope river channel model meeting the requirements is arranged on the first groove body, a related soil and stone sample is taken from a mountain or an area to be researched, according to local terrain and geological composition, a mountain or slope model is arranged in the second groove body, under most conditions, the first groove body is generally arranged in a transparent manner, so that the observation, monitoring and acquisition of test data are convenient, a flow rate meter can be generally arranged in the first groove body, equipment such as a particle image velocimeter, an automatic digital camera, a high-speed video camera and the like can be arranged around or outside the analog device according to requirements, can comprehensively and efficiently monitor and acquire relevant data of a simulation test, artificially simulate rainfall, simulate the formation process of debris flow and when the simulation debris flow impacts a variable slope river channel model, relevant test data collecting and monitoring equipment which is arranged and installed in advance monitors and records relevant test data in real time, so as to be convenient for later analysis, research and modeling, and then the simulation test of the debris flow impacting the variable slope river channel can be completed, so that the soil and stone samples can be collected nearby, and the simulation test of the debris flow impact variable slope river channel is carried out in the actual environment, so that the accuracy and the objectivity of the acquired data are improved, and avoid consuming a large amount of manpower and materials and gathering the transport soil stone sample, practice thrift analogue test's input cost, improve analogue test's efficiency.

Drawings

In order to more clearly explain the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the drawings that are required to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it should be understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present application and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope, and that for those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained from these drawings without inventive effort.

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a simulation test device for a debris flow impact variable-slope river channel provided by an embodiment of the application;

FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a towed trailer and a rainfall simulation mechanism provided in an embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a mold tank and a rainfall simulation mechanism provided in an embodiment of the present application;

fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of a plug plate, a sliding plate and a fourth hydraulic cylinder provided in an embodiment of the present application;

fig. 5 is a schematic structural view of a second groove, an eighth hydraulic cylinder and a spring provided in the embodiment of the present application;

fig. 6 is a schematic structural view of a second groove body, a landslide adjusting plate and a limiting block provided in the embodiment of the application;

fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of an adjusting lifting mechanism, a second trough body and a rainfall simulation mechanism provided in the embodiment of the present application;

fig. 8 is a schematic structural view of a winch and a first limit post according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 9 is a schematic structural view of a rainfall simulation mechanism according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

fig. 10 is a schematic structural view of a second limiting post according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

fig. 11 is a structural schematic diagram of a bracket, a second frame and a second nozzle provided in an embodiment of the present application.

In the figure: 100-tractor-trailer; 110-a first connection block; 120-a first hydraulic cylinder; 130-a first plate; 140-a second hydraulic cylinder; 141-a disk; 150-a third hydraulic cylinder; 151-universal wheels; 160-supporting and fixing plate; 161-a second connection block; 1611-a connecting shaft; 170-a second plate; 200-a mold groove; 210-a first trough; 220-a baffle; 221-a blanking plate; 222-a sliding plate; 223-a fourth hydraulic cylinder; 2231, fixed block; 230-a fifth hydraulic cylinder; 300-a landslide simulation groove; 310-a second trough body; 311-fixed columns; 312-a stop block; 320-a landslide adjusting plate; 400-adjusting the lifting mechanism; 410-a sixth hydraulic cylinder; 420-a seventh hydraulic cylinder; 430-a winch; 431-a fixed seat; 4311-third connecting block; 440-a first restraint post; 450-an eighth hydraulic cylinder; 460-a spring; 461-connecting ring; 462-a fourth connection block; 500-rainfall simulation mechanism; 510-a ninth hydraulic cylinder; 520-a first frame; 530-tenth hydraulic cylinder; 540-limiting plate; 541-a piston rod; 5411-second limit post; 550-a first nozzle; 551-first nozzle; 552-a first water tube; 560-a scaffold; 561-eleventh hydraulic cylinder; 570-a second frame; 580-second nozzle; 581-second nozzle; 582-a second water pipe; 5821-fifth connecting block.

Detailed Description

To make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present application clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present application, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by a person of ordinary skill in the art without any inventive work based on the embodiments in the present application are within the scope of protection of the present application.

Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present application, as presented in the figures, is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed application, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the application. All other embodiments obtained by a person of ordinary skill in the art without any inventive work based on the embodiments in the present application are within the scope of protection of the present application.

It should be noted that: like reference numbers and letters refer to like items in the following figures, and thus, once an item is defined in one figure, it need not be further defined and explained in subsequent figures.

In the description of the present application, it is to be understood that the terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," "counterclockwise," and the like are used in the orientations and positional relationships indicated in the drawings for convenience in describing the present application and for simplicity in description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the referenced device or element must have a particular orientation, be constructed in a particular orientation, and be operated in a particular manner, and thus should not be considered limiting.

Furthermore, the terms "first", "second" and "first" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of the present application, "a plurality" means two or more unless specifically limited otherwise.

In this application, unless expressly stated or limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly and can include, for example, fixed connections, removable connections, or integral parts; either directly or indirectly through intervening media, either internally or in any other relationship. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present application can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art as appropriate.

In this application, unless expressly stated or limited otherwise, the first feature "on" or "under" the second feature may comprise direct contact of the first and second features, or may comprise contact of the first and second features not directly but through another feature in between. Also, the first feature being "on," "above" and "over" the second feature includes the first feature being directly on and obliquely above the second feature, or merely indicating that the first feature is at a higher level than the second feature. A first feature being "under," "below," and "beneath" a second feature includes the first feature being directly under and obliquely below the second feature, or simply meaning that the first feature is at a lesser elevation than the second feature.

Examples

As shown in fig. 1 to 11, the simulation test apparatus for debris flow impact on a variable slope river according to the embodiment of the present application includes a traction-type trailer 100, a model groove 200, a landslide simulation groove 300, an adjusting and lifting mechanism 400 and a rainfall simulation mechanism 500, wherein the model groove 200 is disposed on an upper side of a chassis of the traction-type trailer 100 for facilitating the setting of a variable slope river model therein, one end of the landslide simulation groove 300 is rotatably connected to one end of the model groove 200 for facilitating the adjustment of an inclination angle, the landslide model setting for simulating a real terrain by debris flow is disposed, the adjusting and lifting mechanism 400 is disposed on the landslide simulation groove 300 for adjusting the inclination angle of the landslide simulation groove 300 and the angle and position of an internal structure for facilitating the simulation of landslide models under different conditions, the rainfall simulation mechanism 500 is disposed above the model groove 200 and the landslide simulation groove 300 for accurately simulating artificial rainfall in real time and controlling a rainfall simulation area, the generation of the debris flow is convenient to simulate.

According to some embodiments of the present application, as shown in fig. 1 to 3, a first connection block 110 is disposed on a lower side of a chassis of the tractor trailer 100, a first hydraulic cylinder 120 is disposed on the first connection block 110, one end of the first hydraulic cylinder 120 is rotatably connected to the first connection block 110 through a bearing, a first support plate 130 and a second support plate 170 are respectively disposed on a trailing arm of the tractor trailer 100, a second hydraulic cylinder 140 is respectively disposed at two ends of a side of the chassis of the tractor trailer 100 away from the trailing arm of the tractor trailer 100, a second hydraulic cylinder 140 is also respectively disposed at two ends of the first support plate 130, a disc 141 is disposed at a lower end of a piston rod of the second hydraulic cylinder 140, after the tractor trailer 100 is pulled to a proper position, the disc 141 is supported on the ground through the second hydraulic cylinder 140, so as to stabilize the whole simulation test apparatus, do benefit to analogue test's stable normal clear, first extension board 130 middle part is provided with third pneumatic cylinder 150, third pneumatic cylinder 150 and second pneumatic cylinder 140 set up side by side, the fixed run-through in first extension board 130 middle part in third pneumatic cylinder 150 upper end, universal wheel 151 is installed to the piston rod lower extreme of third pneumatic cylinder 150, when the direction of whole analogue test device needs to be adjusted, can pack up second pneumatic cylinder 140 and disc 141, then fall to earth with universal wheel 151 through third pneumatic cylinder 150, can simply suitably adjust through the manpower, after finishing, prop disc 141 through second pneumatic cylinder 140 tightly subaerial once more, through third pneumatic cylinder 150 with universal wheel 151 lifting once more, can begin analogue test.

According to some embodiments of the present application, as shown in fig. 2 to 4, the mold groove 200 includes a first groove 210, a notch is opened on a side of the first groove 210 close to the towing arm of the towed trailer 100, a lower side of a side of the first groove 210 away from the towing arm of the towed trailer 100 is rotatably connected to a side of the chassis of the towed trailer 100 away from the towing arm of the towed trailer 100 through a hinge, a terminal end of a piston rod of the first hydraulic cylinder 120 is rotatably connected to an end of the lower side of the first groove 210 close to the towing arm of the towed trailer 100, an inclination angle of the first groove 210 can be appropriately adjusted by the first hydraulic cylinder 120 according to needs, so that a simulation test can be performed more effectively, a baffle 220 is disposed at an end of the first groove 210 away from the second groove 310, the lower side of the baffle 220 is rotatably connected to the lower edge of one end of the first tank body 210, the lower side of the baffle 220 is rotatably connected to the lower edge of one end of the first tank body 210 through a hinge or a hinge, two sides of the baffle 220 are attached to two sides inside the first tank body 210, the length of the side plate of the first tank body 210 exceeding the outer side of the baffle 220 is not less than the height of the baffle 220, two supporting plates 160 are arranged in parallel on one side of the chassis of the tractor trailer 100 away from the second tank body 310, one end of each supporting plate 160 is fixedly connected to one side of the chassis of the tractor trailer 100 through a welding, riveting or fastening bolt, a second connecting block 161 is arranged on the lower side of one end of the chassis of the supporting plate 160 away from the tractor trailer 100, a connecting shaft 1611 is arranged between the two second connecting blocks 161, two ends of the connecting shaft 1611 are respectively fixedly connected to the two second connecting blocks 161 through a welding or riveting, a fifth hydraulic cylinder 230 is arranged between the connecting shaft 1611 and the baffle 220, one end of the fifth hydraulic cylinder 230 is rotatably connected to the middle of the connecting shaft 1611 through a bearing, the tail end of a piston rod of the fifth hydraulic cylinder 230 is rotatably connected to the outer side of the baffle 220 through a bearing, generally, a simulation test that a debris flow impacts a variable-slope river channel from the side direction is frequently performed, in some special cases, a simulation test that the debris flow impacts the variable-slope river channel in the forward direction is required, the baffle 220 can be pulled flat through the fifth hydraulic cylinder 230, the supporting plate 160 can stably support the baffle 220, so that the first tank body 210 forms a passage opening in the direction away from the second tank body 310 so as to perform the simulation test, two end plates 221 are respectively arranged on the inner side of the baffle 220, one side of the blocking plate 221 is attached to one side inside the first groove body 210, a sliding plate 222 is arranged on the lower side of the blocking plate 221, the upper side of the sliding plate 222 is attached to the lower side of the blocking plate 221, a fixing block 2231 is arranged on one side, close to the baffle 220, of the upper side of the blocking plate 221, one side of the fixing block 2231 is attached to the inner side of the first groove body 210, a fourth hydraulic cylinder 223 is arranged on the other side of the fixing block 2231, the tail end of a piston rod of the fourth hydraulic cylinder 223 is fixedly connected to one side, far away from the fixing block 2231, of the sliding plate 222 through welding or riveting, the extension degree of the sliding plate 222 is controlled through the fourth hydraulic cylinder 223, the size of a material outlet of the first groove body 210 formed after the baffle 220 is put down can be adjusted, and the shape and the gradient of a variable-slope river channel model which is arranged in the first groove body 210 and is in the same direction as the second groove body 310.

According to some embodiments of the present application, as shown in fig. 2-3 and 5-8, the landslide simulation groove 300 includes a second groove body 310 and a landslide adjustment plate 320, a lower edge of one end of the second groove body 310 is rotatably connected to a lower edge of a notch on one side of the first groove body 210 close to the towing arm of the towed trailer 100 through a hinge or a hinge, one end of the second groove body 310 far away from the first groove body 210 is sealed, the two landslide adjustment plates 320 are symmetrically arranged inside the second groove body 310, a lower side of the landslide adjustment plate 320 is attached to a lower side inside the second groove body 310, according to the test requirements, the inclination angle of the second trough body 310 can be properly adjusted, and by matching with the landslide adjusting plate 320, debris flow landslide models under different conditions can be simulated and arranged in the second trough body 310.

According to some embodiments of the present application, as shown in fig. 2-3 and 5-8, most of existing debris flow simulation test devices are fixedly installed, and are difficult to transform, move and fold, the structure of a simulation ramp is also difficult to set up a variable debris flow ramp model, so that a simulation test of a real-site environment is difficult to perform, and the simulation test devices are mostly performed in a test room, when the simulation test devices are dragged and moved, the device structure needs to be properly folded, so as to be conveniently dragged to an outdoor real-site for performing the simulation test, the adjusting lifting mechanism 400 includes a sixth hydraulic cylinder 410, a seventh hydraulic cylinder 420, a winch 430, an eighth hydraulic cylinder 450 and a spring 460, two sixth hydraulic cylinders 410 are arranged in parallel, the lower end of the sixth hydraulic cylinder 410 is rotatably connected to one end of the second brace 170 through a bearing, the winch 430 is disposed at the top end of a piston rod of the sixth hydraulic cylinder 410, the two windlasses 430 are respectively connected to two sides of the second trough body 310 in a transmission manner, the two seventh hydraulic cylinders 420 are arranged in parallel, the lower ends of the seventh hydraulic cylinders 420 are rotatably connected to the upper side of the draft arm of the draft trailer 100 through bearings, the top ends of the piston rods of the seventh hydraulic cylinders 420 are rotatably connected to one side of the sixth hydraulic cylinder 410, the four eighth hydraulic cylinders 450 are symmetrically arranged inside the second trough body 310, one end of each eighth hydraulic cylinder 450 is rotatably connected to one side inside the second trough body 310 through a bull's eye bearing, the top ends of the piston rods of the eighth hydraulic cylinders 450 are rotatably connected to the lower side of the landslide adjusting plate 320 through bull's eye bearings, and the upper ends of the springs 460 are rotatably connected to the eighth hydraulic cylinders 450, the lower end of the spring 460 is rotatably connected to the bottom side inside the second groove body 310, the overall inclination angle of the second groove body 310 can be adjusted by the sixth hydraulic cylinder 410, so that debris flow simulation slide way models with different slopes can be conveniently arranged in the second groove body 310 according to actual test requirements, fixing columns 311 are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the second groove body 310, one end of each fixing column 311 is rotatably connected to the outer side of the second groove body 310, limit blocks 312 are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the second groove body 310, a fixing seat 431 is arranged at the top end of a piston rod of the sixth hydraulic cylinder 410, the winch 430 is arranged in the fixing seat 431, the outer end of a steel wire rope of the winch 430 is fixedly connected to one side of the fixing column 311, a third connecting block 4311 is arranged on the upper side of the fixing seat 431, a first limit column 440 is arranged on one side of the third connecting block 4311 close to the second groove body 310, one end of the first limit column 440 is fixedly connected to the third connecting block 4311, one end of the first limit post 440 is fixedly connected to the third connecting block 4311 by welding or riveting, the other end of the third connecting block 4311 is disposed corresponding to the lower side of the limit block 312, when the simulation test apparatus is not in use, the second tank body 310 is folded inside the first tank body 210, when the simulation test apparatus is pulled to a proper position, the sixth hydraulic cylinder 410 is used in cooperation with the winch 430 to lift the second tank body 310 from the first tank body 210, and simultaneously the seventh hydraulic cylinder 420 is used in cooperation to change the angle of the sixth hydraulic cylinder 410, so that the second tank body 310 is turned over, then the winch 430 tightens up the steel wire rope, so that the limit block 312 is lapped on the first limit post 440, thereby completing the unfolding of the second tank body 310, after the simulation test is completed, the reverse operation is performed, so that the second tank body 310 can be folded into the first tank body 210 again, thereby facilitating the pulling and moving of the whole simulation test apparatus, the upper end of the spring 460 is provided with a connecting ring 461, the eighth hydraulic cylinder 450 rotatably penetrates through the connecting ring 461, a fourth connecting block 462 is arranged at the bottom side inside the second groove body 310, the lower end of the spring 460 is rotatably connected to the fourth connecting block 462, and through the mutual cooperation of the eighth hydraulic cylinder 450, not only can the angle of the two landslide adjusting plates 320 in the forward direction to the second groove body 310 be adjusted to form a space shape with different widths of the upper end and the lower end inside the second groove body 310, but also the angles of the two landslide adjusting plates 320 relative to two sides inside the second groove body 310 can be adjusted, so that a simulated ramp model can be flexibly set according to test requirements, the landslide adjusting plates 320 are arranged in a manner of being narrow at the upper end and wide at the lower end, and in the process of adjusting the landslide adjusting plates 320, the eighth hydraulic cylinder 450 can be always tensioned towards the bottom side inside the second groove body 310 by the tensile force of the spring 460, so that the bottom side of the landslide adjusting plates 320 is always attached to the bottom side inside the second groove body 310.

According to some embodiments of the present application, as shown in fig. 2-3, 7 and 9-11, in the existing experiment for simulating the debris flow formation process, artificial rainfall simulation is mostly performed in a diffuse manner, and the rainfall simulation mechanism is mostly fixedly installed, which not only occupies a large area and space, but also is difficult to adjust the coverage area of the rainfall simulation, consumes a large amount of water, and is difficult to move outdoors to perform artificial rainfall simulation on the spot, the rainfall simulation mechanism 500 includes ninth hydraulic cylinders 510, a first frame 520, a tenth hydraulic cylinder 530, a limiting plate 540, a first spray pipe 550, a bracket 560, a second frame 570 and a second spray pipe 580, two ninth hydraulic cylinders 510 are arranged in parallel on two sides of one end of the second trough body 310 away from the first trough body 210, two ends of one side of the first frame 520 are respectively fixedly connected to the top ends of piston rods of the two ninth hydraulic cylinders 510 by welding or riveting, the first frame 520 and the second tank body 310 are arranged in parallel, a plurality of first spray pipes 550 are uniformly arranged in parallel inside the first frame 520, two ends of each first spray pipe 550 are respectively and fixedly penetrated through two sides of the first frame 520, one side of each first spray pipe 550, which is close to the second tank body 310, is uniformly provided with a plurality of first spray nozzles 551, two limit plates 540 are respectively arranged on two sides of the first frame 520, slotted holes are formed in the limit plates 540, the middle parts of the limit plates 540 are rotatably connected to the first frame 520, two ends of each first spray pipe 550 are respectively provided with a piston rod 541, one end of each piston rod 541 is slidably penetrated through the first spray pipe 550, the other end of each piston rod 541 is in transmission connection with the limit plate 540, two tenth hydraulic cylinders 530 are respectively arranged on two sides of one end of the first frame 520, one end of each tenth hydraulic cylinder 530 is rotatably connected to the first frame 520, the tail ends of piston rods of the tenth hydraulic cylinders 530 are rotatably connected to one end of the limit plates 540, the lower ends of the two sides of the supports 560 are fixedly connected to two ends of the chassis of the traction-type trailer 100, which are far away from the second tank body 310, the lower ends of two sides of the support 560 are fixedly connected to two ends of one side, far away from the second trough body 310, of the chassis of the tractor trailer 100 through welding or fastening bolts, one side of the second frame 570 is rotatably connected to the upper side of the support 560 through a bearing, a plurality of second spray pipes 580 are uniformly arranged in the second frame 570 in parallel, two ends of the second spray pipes 580 are fixedly connected to two sides of the inside of the second frame 570 through welding or riveting, one side of the second spray pipes 580, close to the first trough body 210, is uniformly provided with a plurality of second spray nozzles 581, two sides of the support 560 are respectively provided with an eleventh hydraulic cylinder 561, one end of the eleventh hydraulic cylinder 561 is rotatably connected to one side of the support 560 through a bearing, and the top end of a piston rod of the eleventh hydraulic cylinder 561 is rotatably connected to one side of the second frame 570, a second limiting column 5411 is arranged at one end, close to the limiting plate 540, of the piston rod 541, the outer side of the second limiting column 5411 is attached to the inner side of the long round hole of the limiting plate 540, a first water pipe 552 is arranged above the plurality of first spray pipes 550, the first water pipe 552 is sequentially communicated with the plurality of first spray pipes 550, a second water pipe 582 is arranged above the plurality of second spray pipes 580, the second water pipe 582 is sequentially communicated with the plurality of second spray pipes 580, when artificial rainfall simulation is carried out, water can be taken from a river channel nearby or a water source is brought by a traction truck, after the first spray pipes 550 are communicated with the water source through the first water pipes 552, the simulated rainfall is sprayed from the first spray nozzles, the shape of a debris flow simulation ramp model can be set according to the adjusting form of the landslide adjusting plate 320, the rotating angle of the limiting plate 540 is adjusted through the tenth hydraulic cylinder 530, and then the expansion and contraction of the piston rod 551 at the two ends of the first spray pipes 550 are controlled through the second limiting column 5411, and then control the rainfall simulation region above the second trough body 310, reach the purpose of accurate rainfall simulation, using water wisely, improve environmental benefit, second water pipe 582 is provided with the fifth connecting block 5821 near one end of support 560, second water pipe 582 is fixed to run through in the fifth connecting block 5821, the fifth connecting block 5821 rotates and connects in the upside of support 560, when the second trough body 310 overturns and adjusts, accessible eleventh pneumatic cylinder 561 upwards overturns the second frame 570, after the variable slope river course model in the first trough body 210 finishes arranging, level the second frame 570 again through eleventh pneumatic cylinder 561, can simulate artificial rainfall above the variable slope river course model according to experimental requirement.

In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present application further provides a method for simulating a debris flow impact variable-slope river channel, including the simulation test apparatus for simulating a debris flow impact variable-slope river channel; and the following steps:

s1: the whole simulation test device is pulled to a debris flow place or a place nearby by the pull-type trailer 100, a flat position is selected for arrangement and expansion, and the inclination angle of the first groove body 210 can be properly adjusted by the first hydraulic cylinder 120 according to actual needs;

s2: the inclination angle of the second groove body 310 is adjusted according to the test requirements, and the angles and the positions of the two landslide adjusting plates 320 are properly adjusted to simulate the appropriate landslide state of the earth and the stone;

s3: according to test requirements, soil samples are collected from a variable slope river channel to be researched, a variable slope river channel model meeting requirements is arranged in a first groove body 210, related soil and stone samples are collected from a mountain or an area to be researched, and a mountain or slope model is arranged in a second groove body 310 according to local terrain and geological composition;

s4: related test data collecting and monitoring equipment is installed and arranged, under most conditions, the first tank body 210 is generally in a transparent arrangement, so that test data can be observed, monitored and obtained conveniently, a flow velocity meter can be generally arranged in the first tank body 210, equipment such as a particle image velocimeter, an automatic digital camera, a high-speed video camera and the like can be arranged around or outside the simulation device according to requirements, and related data of a simulation test can be comprehensively and efficiently monitored and obtained;

s5: the rainfall simulation is carried out manually, the forming process of the debris flow is simulated, and when the debris flow is simulated to impact the variable-slope river channel model, relevant test data are monitored and recorded in real time through relevant test data collecting and monitoring equipment which is arranged and installed in advance, so that later analysis, research and modeling can be facilitated, and the simulation test of the debris flow impacting the variable-slope river channel can be completed.

Specifically, the working principle of the simulation test device and the simulation test method for the debris flow impacting variable slope river channel is as follows: when the device is used, the whole simulation test device can be firstly pulled to a mud-rock flow generation place or a place nearby by a motor vehicle such as a truck through the traction type trailer 100, a flat position is selected to be arranged and unfolded, the disc 141 is tightly supported on the ground through the second hydraulic cylinder 140, the whole simulation test device is firmly fixed on the ground, when the direction of the whole simulation test device needs to be adjusted, the second hydraulic cylinder 140 and the disc 141 can be folded, then the universal wheel 151 is lowered to the ground through the third hydraulic cylinder 150, the universal wheel can be properly adjusted through manpower, after the adjustment is finished, the disc 141 is tightly supported on the ground through the second hydraulic cylinder 140, the universal wheel 151 is lifted through the third hydraulic cylinder 150 again, the simulation test can be started, the inclination angle of the first tank body 210 is properly adjusted through the first hydraulic cylinder 120 according to the test requirements, and the integral inclination angle of the second tank body 310 can be adjusted through the sixth hydraulic cylinder 410, when the simulation test device is in a non-use state, the second tank body 310 is folded inside the first tank body 210, when the simulation test device is pulled to a proper position, the sixth hydraulic cylinder 410 is matched with the winch 430 to lift the second tank body 310 from the first tank body 210, the seventh hydraulic cylinder 420 is matched to change the angle of the sixth hydraulic cylinder 410, so that the second tank body 310 is turned over, then the winch 430 tightens the steel wire rope, the limiting block 312 is lapped on the first limiting column 440, so that the second tank body 310 is unfolded, after the simulation test is finished, the reverse operation is performed, so that the second tank body 310 can be folded again and enter the first tank body 210, the whole simulation test device is conveniently pulled and moved, through the mutual matching of the eighth hydraulic cylinder 450, the angle of the two landslide adjusting plates 320 in the forward direction towards the second tank body 310 can be adjusted, and space shapes with different widths of the upper end and the lower end in the second tank body 310 are formed, the angles of the two landslide adjusting plates 320 relative to the two sides inside the second groove body 310 can be adjusted, so that a simulated ramp model can be flexibly arranged according to test requirements, the landslide adjusting plates 320 are arranged in a narrow-top and wide-bottom mode, in the process of adjusting the landslide adjusting plates 320, the eighth hydraulic cylinder 450 can be always tensioned towards the bottom side inside the second groove body 310 by the tensile force of the spring 460, so that the bottom side of the landslide adjusting plates 320 is always attached to the bottom side inside the second groove body 310, soil samples are collected from a variable slope river channel to be researched, a variable slope river channel model meeting requirements is arranged on the first groove body 210, related soil and stone samples are collected from a mountain or an area to be researched, according to local terrain and geological composition, a mountain or slope model is arranged in the second groove body 310, a simulation test that a debris flow impacts the variable slope river channel in the forward direction is needed, at the moment, the baffle 220 can be leveled by the fifth hydraulic cylinder 230, the supporting plate 160 can stably support the supporting baffle 220, so that the first tank body 210 forms a passage opening in the direction away from the second tank body 310, the extension degree of the sliding plate 222 is controlled by the fourth hydraulic cylinder 223, the size of the material outlet of the first tank body 210 formed after the baffle 220 is put down can be adjusted, the shape and the gradient of the variable-slope river model along the second tank body 310 can be conveniently arranged in the first tank body 210, in most cases, the first tank body 210 is generally arranged transparently, so that the observation, the monitoring and the acquisition of test data are convenient, a flow rate meter can be generally arranged in the first tank body 210, equipment such as a particle image instrument, an automatic digital camera, a high-speed video camera and the like can be arranged around or outside the simulation device according to requirements, the data related to the simulation test can be comprehensively and efficiently monitored and acquired, after the first spray pipe 550 is connected with a water source through the first water pipe 552, the simulated rainfall is sprayed from the first nozzle 551, the shape of the debris flow simulation ramp model can be set according to the adjusting form of the landslide adjusting plate 320, the rotation angle of the limiting plate 540 is adjusted through the tenth hydraulic cylinder 530, the extension and retraction of the piston rod 541 at the two ends of the first spray pipe 550 are controlled through the second limiting column 5411, the rainfall simulation area above the second tank body 310 is controlled, the purposes of accurately simulating rainfall and saving water are achieved, the environmental benefit is improved, when the second tank body 310 is turned and adjusted, the second frame 570 can be turned upwards through the eleventh hydraulic cylinder 561, after the arrangement of the variable slope river channel model in the first tank body 210 is finished, the second frame 570 is laid flat through the eleventh hydraulic cylinder 561 again, artificial rainfall can be simulated above the variable slope river channel model according to the test requirements, the formation process of the debris flow is simulated, and when the variable slope river channel model is impacted by the simulated debris flow, the related test data collection monitoring equipment arranged and installed in advance is used for monitoring the real time, The method has the advantages that relevant data of the test are recorded, later analysis, research and modeling are facilitated, the simulation test of the debris flow impacting variable-slope river channel can be completed, so that the soil and stone samples can be collected nearby, the simulation test of the debris flow impacting variable-slope river channel can be carried out in an actual environment, the accuracy and objectivity of data acquisition are improved, a large amount of manpower and material resources are avoided being consumed, the soil and stone samples are collected and transported, the investment cost of the simulation test is saved, and the efficiency of the simulation test is improved.

It should be noted that the specific model specification of the winch 430 needs to be determined by type selection according to the actual specification of the device, and the specific type selection calculation method adopts the prior art in the field, so detailed description is omitted.

The power supply of the hoist 430 and its principle will be clear to a person skilled in the art and will not be described in detail here.

The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application, and various modifications and variations may be made to the present application by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims (10)

1. A simulation test device for a debris flow impact variable slope river channel is characterized by comprising

The tractor comprises a tractor trailer (100), wherein a first connecting block (110) is arranged on the lower side of a chassis of the tractor trailer (100), a first hydraulic cylinder (120) is arranged on the first connecting block (110), one end of the first hydraulic cylinder (120) is rotatably connected to the first connecting block (110), and a first support plate (130) and a second support plate (170) are respectively arranged on a traction arm of the tractor trailer (100);

the mold groove (200) comprises a first groove body (210), one side, close to the draft arm of the tractor trailer (100), of the first groove body (210) is provided with a notch, the lower side of one side, far away from the draft arm of the tractor trailer (100), of the first groove body (210) is rotatably connected to one side, far away from the draft arm of the tractor trailer (100), of the chassis of the tractor trailer (100), and the tail end of a piston rod of the first hydraulic cylinder (120) is rotatably connected to one end, close to the draft arm of the tractor trailer (100), of the lower side of the first groove body (210);

landslide simulation groove (300), landslide simulation groove (300) include second cell body (310) and landslide regulating plate (320), second cell body (310) one end down along rotate connect in first cell body (210) are close to follow under the opening of trailing arm one side of towed trailer (100), second cell body (310) are kept away from shutoff processing is done to first cell body (210) one end, two landslide regulating plate (320) symmetry sets up inside second cell body (310), landslide regulating plate (320) downside laminating in the inside downside of second cell body (310).

2. The simulation test device for the debris flow impact variable slope river channel according to claim 1, wherein a second hydraulic cylinder (140) is respectively arranged at two ends of one side, away from a draft arm of the tractor trailer (100), of a chassis of the tractor trailer (100), the second hydraulic cylinder (140) is also respectively arranged at two ends of the first support plate (130), and a disc (141) is arranged at the lower end of a piston rod of the second hydraulic cylinder (140).

3. The simulation test device for the debris flow impact slope-changing river channel according to claim 2, wherein a third hydraulic cylinder (150) is arranged in the middle of the first support plate (130), the third hydraulic cylinder (150) and the second hydraulic cylinder (140) are arranged in parallel, the upper end of the third hydraulic cylinder (150) fixedly penetrates through the middle of the first support plate (130), and a universal wheel (151) is mounted at the lower end of a piston rod of the third hydraulic cylinder (150).

4. The simulation test device for the debris flow impact variable-slope river channel according to claim 1, wherein two supporting and fixing plates (160) are arranged in parallel on one side, away from the second groove body (310), of the chassis of the pull-type trailer (100), and one end of each supporting and fixing plate (160) is fixedly connected to one side of the chassis of the pull-type trailer (100).

5. The simulation test device for the debris flow impact variable-slope river channel according to claim 4, wherein a second connecting block (161) is arranged on the lower side of one end, away from the chassis, of the traction trailer (100), of the supporting and fixing plate (160), a connecting shaft (1611) is arranged between the two second connecting blocks (161), and two ends of the connecting shaft (1611) are fixedly connected to the two second connecting blocks (161) respectively.

6. The simulation test device for the debris flow impact variable-slope riverway as claimed in claim 5, wherein a baffle (220) is arranged at one end, away from the second trough body (310), of the first trough body (210), the lower side of the baffle (220) is rotatably connected to the lower edge of one end of the first trough body (210), two sides of the baffle (220) are attached to two sides of the inside of the first trough body (210), and the length of the side plate of the first trough body (210) beyond the outer side of the baffle (220) is not less than the height of the baffle (220).

7. The simulation test device for the debris flow impact variable slope river channel according to claim 6, wherein plug plates (221) are respectively arranged at two ends of the inner side upper edge of the baffle (220), one side of each plug plate (221) is attached to one side inside the first groove body (210), a sliding plate (222) is arranged on the lower side of each plug plate (221), and the upper side of each sliding plate (222) is attached to the lower side of each plug plate (221).

8. The simulation test device for the debris flow impact variable slope river channel according to claim 7, wherein a fixed block (2231) is arranged on one side, close to the baffle (220), of the upper side of the blocking plate (221), one side of the fixed block (2231) is attached to the inner side of the first groove body (210), a fourth hydraulic cylinder (223) is arranged on the other side of the fixed block (2231), and the tail end of a piston rod of the fourth hydraulic cylinder (223) is fixedly connected to one side, far away from the fixed block (2231), of the sliding plate (222).

9. The simulation test device for the debris flow impact variable slope river channel according to claim 8, wherein a fifth hydraulic cylinder (230) is arranged between the connecting shaft (1611) and the baffle plate (220), one end of the fifth hydraulic cylinder (230) is rotatably connected to the middle of the connecting shaft (1611), and the tail end of a piston rod of the fifth hydraulic cylinder (230) is rotatably connected to the outer side of the baffle plate (220).

10. The method for simulating the river channel with the variable slope impacted by the debris flow is characterized by comprising the following steps

The simulation test device for the debris flow impacting the variable slope river channel as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9; and the following steps:

s1: the whole simulation test device is pulled to a debris flow place or the vicinity of the debris flow place through a pull-type trailer (100), a relatively flat position is selected for arrangement and expansion, and the inclination angle of a first groove body (210) is properly adjusted through a first hydraulic cylinder (120) according to actual needs;

s2: setting and adjusting the inclination angle of the second groove body (310) according to the test requirements, and properly adjusting the angles and the positions of the two landslide adjusting plates (320) so as to simulate the appropriate landslide state of earth and stone;

s3: according to test requirements, soil samples are collected from a variable slope river channel to be researched, a variable slope river channel model meeting requirements is arranged in a first tank body (210), related soil and stone samples are collected from a mountain or an area to be researched, and a mountain or slope model is arranged in a second tank body (310) according to local terrain and geological composition;

s4: relevant test data collecting and monitoring equipment is arranged, the first groove body (210) is arranged in a transparent mode, so that test data can be observed, monitored and obtained conveniently, a flow velocity meter is arranged in the first groove body (210), a particle image velocimeter, an automatic digital camera and a high-speed video camera can be arranged around or outside the simulation device according to requirements, and relevant data of a simulation test can be monitored and obtained comprehensively and efficiently;

s5: the rainfall simulation is carried out manually, the forming process of the debris flow is simulated, and when the debris flow is simulated to impact the variable-slope river channel model, relevant test data are monitored and recorded in real time through relevant test data collecting and monitoring equipment which is arranged and installed in advance, so that later analysis, research and modeling can be facilitated, and the simulation test of the debris flow impacting the variable-slope river channel can be completed.

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