CN113029518A - Multi-stage physical variable-slope water tank experimental device capable of simulating fluid motion characteristics - Google Patents
Multi-stage physical variable-slope water tank experimental device capable of simulating fluid motion characteristics Download PDFInfo
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- CN113029518A CN113029518A CN202110281977.5A CN202110281977A CN113029518A CN 113029518 A CN113029518 A CN 113029518A CN 202110281977 A CN202110281977 A CN 202110281977A CN 113029518 A CN113029518 A CN 113029518A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M10/00—Hydrodynamic testing; Arrangements in or on ship-testing tanks or water tunnels
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B1/00—Equipment or apparatus for, or methods of, general hydraulic engineering, e.g. protection of constructions against ice-strains
- E02B1/02—Hydraulic models
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/24—Earth materials
Abstract
The invention discloses a multistage variable slope physical water tank experimental device capable of simulating fluid motion characteristics, which can comprise a material box device, a measuring system, a data acquisition system, a hydraulic system and a material recovery device, wherein the material box device is arranged at the upstream of a multistage variable slope physical water tank and used for loading experimental materials and simulating the generation of debris flow, the hydraulic system is used for lifting the multistage variable slope physical water tank to a specified angle, adjusting the inclination angles of different segmental water tanks and simulating the change of terrain, the motion characteristics of the debris flow, the bottom of the multistage variable slope physical water tank and the load of a protective structure are monitored through various sensors, and a high-speed camera at the top of the multistage variable slope physical water tank is used for recording the motion form of the debris flow. According to the multistage variable-slope physical water tank experimental device, damage monitoring of debris flow to the protective structure can be achieved, the movement characteristics of the debris flow and the mechanism of action with the protective structure are obtained by comparing data of working condition combination, and scientific basis and guidance are provided for prevention and control of the debris flow.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of debris flow prevention and control engineering construction, in particular to a multistage variable slope physical water tank experimental device capable of simulating fluid motion characteristics, which can be used for measuring the impact load on a protective structure after debris flow occurs indoors and provides certain guidance for debris flow prevention and control engineering construction.
Background
Debris flow is a characteristic natural geological phenomenon in mountainous areas, and is a natural process that a large amount of debris and huge gravels are violently poured along hillsides or valleys under the action of gravity after being generated by the excitation of factors such as rainstorm, glaciers, water bodies and the like. The debris flow is often characterized by sudden outbreak, short duration, fierce coming and strong destructive power, and seriously threatens the life safety of human beings and the construction of infrastructure. The formation of a debris flow must be conditioned by three major conditions, a certain topography, sufficient loose solid matter (mainly determined by geological conditions) and a rich water source. Wherein the topographical conditions are the root conditions or are referred to as determinant conditions under which the debris flow occurs. Guo et al, through the research on the landslide of chicken farms in the city of Water, revealed that there are multi-level topographic phenomena in the course of fluid movement, and divide the movement path into several areas of generation, acceleration, migration and accumulation according to topographic influence factors, and the fluid performance in different areas is different in movement characteristics. In addition, the existing research also shows that the difference of the terrain can obviously influence the volume, the speed, the movement distance and the distribution of the debris flow, and great challenge is provided for disaster prevention and control.
At present, due to the complex conditions, motion laws and disaster mechanisms of the debris flow, the physical properties and basic laws of the debris flow are not well known, and the research history of the debris flow is short, so that the debris flow prevention and control is still in a semi-empirical stage and the national disaster reduction requirements cannot be met, and therefore, a lot of work is required in the aspects of research on the action of the debris flow and a protective structure and numerical-physical simulation of dynamics. Indoor small flume experiments have been widely used for debris flow kinematics and mechanism studies thereof due to their easy control and repeatability:
(1) jiang et al have studied the damming effect of protective structures on dry particle flow using a 2.93m long, 0.3m wide and 0.35m high tank.
(2) For optimizing multiple protective structure's overall arrangement, the effect of dry sand flow and dual protective structure has been simulated to the small-size mud-rock flow experiment chute of Ng et al based on the book scientific research center is scalded in yellow of hong Kong science and technology university. The device comprises a chute with a length of 5m, a width of 0.2m and a depth of 0.5m, and a top with a volume of 0.06m3The door of the bin can be controlled to be opened through an electromagnetic switch to simulate the debris flow induced by dam break.
(3) Forest-snow leveling et al manually research overflow capacity of overflow port of sand blocking dam, adopt Chinese academy of sciences Chengdu mountain land institute water tank device, water tank length 3m, width 0.2m, height 0.3m, experiment hopper on top can load 0.1m3The whole water tank is changed in slope through a lifting device, and the tilting angle is 0-20 degrees.
Although the above water tank device can simulate the action of debris flow and protective structure, it also has great technical defects: the terrain of a debris flow movement area is complex and changeable, the current research is limited by experimental environment, a straight simplified sliding surface is usually adopted as a substrate for simplifying simulation, and the change of the terrain is ignored; in addition, due to the volume of the bin, the simulated water flow is relatively shallow, the shallow flow depth can cause the particles to be not uniformly mixed in the flow depth direction, and the action process of the incoming flow and the protective structure is short, so that the impact effect of the continuous incoming flow cannot be simulated.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention is directed to solving at least one of the problems of the prior art. Therefore, the invention provides a multi-stage variable slope physical water tank experimental device capable of simulating the movement characteristics of fluid, which can realize the damage monitoring of debris flow on a protective structure, obtain the movement characteristics of the debris flow and the mechanism of action with the protective structure by comparing the data of working condition combination, and provide scientific basis and guidance for the prevention and treatment of the debris flow.
The multi-stage slope-variable physical water tank experimental device capable of simulating the fluid motion characteristics comprises: the device comprises a material box device, a measuring system, a data acquisition system, a hydraulic system, a material recovery device, a multi-stage slope-changing physical water tank, an upright post and a slide rail, wherein the upright post is connected with one end of the slide rail, and the measuring system is connected with the data acquisition system; the material box device comprises a material box, a flow outlet and a funnel, the funnel is arranged on the upright post and is positioned right above the material box, and the material box is connected with a gate of the multi-stage slope-changing physical water tank through the flow outlet; the hydraulic system comprises a hydraulic lifter and a slide rail, and the hydraulic lifter is fixed on the slide rail and is connected with the multi-stage slope-changing physical water tank; the material recovery device comprises a material pool, a bearing platform and a material pump, wherein the material pool is arranged on the bearing platform and is connected with the material tank through the material pump; the measuring system comprises a protective structure arranged in the multi-stage variable-slope physical water tank, an axial force sensor used for measuring the load of the protective structure, a displacement sensor used for measuring the flow depth of the debris flow, and a TDR sensor used for measuring the component change in the movement process of the debris flow, a pressure sensor for measuring the load of the debris flow on the bottom, a pore pressure sensor for monitoring the pore pressure and a plurality of high-speed cameras for recording the flow form in the multi-stage variable-slope physical water tank, the axial force sensor is fixed on the protective structure, the displacement sensor and the TDR sensor are fixed on the top of the multi-stage variable slope physical water tank, the pressure sensor and the pore pressure sensor are installed at the bottom of the multistage variable-slope physical water tank, and the high-speed cameras are fixed at the top of the multistage variable-slope physical water tank through camera fixing supports.
According to the multi-stage variable-slope physical water tank experimental device provided by the embodiment of the invention, the angle of the multi-stage variable-slope physical water tank is adjusted through the hydraulic lifter to simulate different terrains, materials are stored in the material tank, after the gate is opened, a debris flow slides downwards under the action of gravity to impact the protection structure, the axial force dynamometer can record impact load on the protection structure, the pressure dynamometer can measure shear stress and positive stress on the bottom of the multi-stage variable-slope physical water tank, other sensors can monitor other state quantities, the high-speed camera directly records the whole process of impact of the debris flow on the protection structure, the materials after impacting the protection structure can flow into a downstream material tank and can be pumped into the material tank again through the material pump, in addition, lost materials can be supplemented through the funnel to simulate continuous debris flow impact of the water tank, and therefore the multi-stage variable-slope physical experimental device provides possibility for quantifying the effect of the debris flow and the protection structure.
In some embodiments of the invention, the shielding structure comprises a force-bearing plate, an axial force sensor and a support plate, the axial force sensor being connected between the force-bearing plate and the support plate.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the axial force sensor is provided in plurality, and the plurality of axial force sensors are spaced apart in an up-down direction.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the data acquisition system comprises a computer and a data acquisition instrument, the data acquisition instrument is connected with the axial force sensor, the displacement sensor, the TDR sensor, the pressure sensor, the pore pressure sensor and the high-speed camera, and the data acquisition instrument is used for transmitting acquired data to the computer for analysis and processing.
In some embodiments of the invention, an energy dissipation plate is installed in the material tank, and the energy dissipation plate comprises a circular pipe interface and an energy dissipation inserting plate, and the circular pipe interface is connected with the material pump.
In some embodiments of the invention, the multi-stage slope-variable physical water tank comprises a plurality of water tank sections, two adjacent water tank sections are connected through a rotating shaft, the number of the hydraulic lifters is multiple, the plurality of the hydraulic lifters are connected with the plurality of the water tank sections in a one-to-one correspondence manner, and the hydraulic lifters are suitable for being lifted to change angles of the corresponding water tank sections.
Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and, in part, will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a multi-stage variable-slope physical flume according to one embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic top view of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of two trough sections of a multi-stage variable-slope physical trough in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic front view of a protective structure according to one embodiment of the invention;
figure 5 is a schematic front view of an energy dissipater plate according to one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic plan view of two trough sections, one in a horizontal position relative to the other, according to one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic plan view of two trough sections, one in an elevated position relative to the other, according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 8 is a data processing flow chart of a multi-stage slope-changing physical water tank experimental apparatus according to an embodiment of the invention.
Reference numerals:
1. a material pool; 2. a slide rail; 3. a bearing platform; 4. a hydraulic lifter; 5. a protective structure; 6. a rotating shaft; 7. a high-speed camera; 8. a camera fixing bracket; a TDR sensor; 10. a displacement sensor; 11. a gate; 12. an outflow port; 13. a material box; 14. a funnel; 15. a column; 16. a pressure sensor; 17. a pore pressure sensor; 18. a material pump; 19. a support plate; 20. a stress plate; 21. an axial force sensor; 22. a circular tube interface; 23. an energy dissipation plugboard; a sump section 24.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like or similar reference numerals refer to the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar function throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the drawings are illustrative and intended to be illustrative of the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention.
The following disclosure provides many different embodiments, or examples, for implementing different features of the invention. To simplify the disclosure of the present invention, the components and arrangements of specific examples are described below. Of course, they are merely examples and are not intended to limit the present invention. Furthermore, the present invention may repeat reference numerals and/or letters in the various examples. This repetition is for the purpose of simplicity and clarity and does not in itself dictate a relationship between the various embodiments and/or configurations discussed. In addition, the present invention provides examples of various specific processes and materials, but one of ordinary skill in the art may recognize the applicability of other processes and/or the use of other materials.
A multi-stage variable-slope physical water tank experimental apparatus capable of simulating fluid motion characteristics according to an embodiment of the present invention is described below with reference to fig. 1 to 8.
The inventor finds out in practical research that due to uniqueness and uncontrollable landforms of debris flow occurrence areas and high cost of large-scale debris flow impact experiments, the understanding of the generation of debris flow and the action mechanism of the debris flow and a protective structure is hindered, and reasonable guidance cannot be provided for prevention and control of debris flow disasters. At present, although there are some qualitative field observations of debris flow disasters, a scientific quantitative standard is still required to be provided for the debris flow generation and impact process through a large amount of quantitative researches. The repeatable and controllable multi-stage slope-variable physical water tank experimental device provides possibility for understanding the impact mechanism of the debris flow.
Specifically, referring to fig. 1 and 2, a multi-stage slope-variable physical water tank experimental apparatus capable of simulating fluid motion characteristics according to an embodiment of the present invention includes: workbin device, measurement system, data acquisition system, hydraulic system, material recovery unit, multistage change slope physics basin, stand and slide rail, stand 15 links to each other with the one end of slide rail 2, and measurement system links to each other with data acquisition system.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, the material box device comprises a material box 13, an outflow port 12 and a funnel 14, wherein the funnel 14 is arranged on an upright post 15 and is positioned right above the material box 13, and the material box 13 is connected with a gate 11 of the multi-stage slope-changing physical water tank through the outflow port 12;
referring to fig. 1 and 2, the hydraulic system comprises a hydraulic lifter 4 and a sliding rail 2, wherein the hydraulic lifter 4 is fixed on the sliding rail 2, and the hydraulic lifter 4 is used for adjusting the angles of different water tank sections 24 of the multi-stage slope-changing physical water tank so as to simulate different terrains. The material recovery device comprises a material pool 1, a bearing platform 3 and a material pump 18, wherein the material pool 1 is arranged on the bearing platform 3, and the material pool 1 is connected with a material box 13 through the material pump 18.
Referring to fig. 1, the measuring system comprises a protective structure 5 placed in a multi-stage slope-variable physical water tank, an axial force sensor 21 used for measuring the load of the protective structure 5, a displacement sensor 10 used for measuring the flow depth of a debris flow, a TDR sensor 9 used for measuring the component change in the movement process of the debris flow, a pressure sensor 16 used for measuring the load of the debris flow on the bottom, a pore pressure sensor 17 used for monitoring pore pressure and a plurality of high-speed cameras 7 used for recording the flow form in the multi-stage slope-variable physical water tank, wherein the axial force sensor 21 is fixed on the protective structure 5, the displacement sensor 10 and the TDR sensor 9 are fixed on the top of the multi-stage slope-variable physical water tank, the pressure sensor 16 and the pore pressure sensor 17 are installed on the bottom of the multi-stage slope-variable physical water tank, and the plurality of high-speed cameras 7 are fixed on the top of the multi-.
According to the multi-stage slope-changing physical water tank experimental device provided by the embodiment of the invention, the angle of the multi-stage slope-changing physical water tank is adjusted through the hydraulic lifter 4 to simulate different terrains, materials are stored in the material tank 13, after the gate 11 is opened, a landslide body debris flow slides downwards under the action of gravity to impact the protective structure 5, the axial force sensor 21 can record impact load applied to the protective structure 5, the pressure sensor 16 can measure shear stress and positive stress applied to the bottom of the multi-stage slope-changing physical water tank, other state quantities can be monitored by other sensors, the whole process of impact of the debris flow on the protective structure 5 is directly recorded by the high-speed camera 7, the materials can flow into the downstream material pool 1 after impacting the protective structure 5 and can be pumped into the material tank 13 again through the material pump 18, in addition, lost materials can be supplemented through the hopper 14, therefore, the multistage variable-slope physical water tank experimental device provides possibility for quantifying the effects of the debris flow and the protective structure.
In some embodiments of the invention, as illustrated with reference to fig. 4, the protective structure 5 may be of a segmented design, the protective structure 5 comprising a force-bearing plate 20, an axial force sensor 21 and a support plate 19, the axial force sensor 21 being connected between the force-bearing plate 20 and the support plate 19. This is advantageous in that the structure is simple and reliable mounting of the shaft force sensor 21 is achieved.
For example, in some alternative embodiments of the present invention, as shown in fig. 4, the axial force sensor 21 is plural, and the plural axial force sensors 21 are arranged at intervals in the up-down direction. Therefore, the axial force sensor 21 can measure the loads of different positions of the protective structure 5, and the accuracy of measuring the loads of the protective structure 5 is improved.
In some embodiments of the invention, referring to figure 5, an energy dissipation plate is mounted in the material tank 13, and comprises a pipe interface 22 and an energy dissipation inserting plate 23, and the pipe interface 22 is connected with the material pump 18. It will be appreciated that the dissipaters may be used to adjust the conditions of the material pumped by the pump 18 into the tank 13, to facilitate simulation of different conditions of the debris flow.
In some embodiments of the present invention, referring to fig. 6 and 7, the multi-stage slope-changing physical water tank includes a plurality of water tank sections 24, two adjacent water tank sections 24 are connected by a rotating shaft 6, a plurality of hydraulic lifters 4 are provided, the plurality of hydraulic lifters 4 are connected to the plurality of water tank sections 24 in a one-to-one correspondence manner, and the hydraulic lifters 4 are adapted to lift to change angles of the corresponding water tank sections 24. It can be understood that, through a plurality of hydraulic pressure lifting ware 4 and a plurality of basin sections 24 one-to-one link to each other, a plurality of hydraulic pressure lifting ware 4 can realize the change of multistage angle, can simulate the complexity and the multilateral nature of department's mud-rock flow motion topography, can realize the experiment to the mud-rock flow of multiple different topography, and easy operation is favorable to improving experimental efficiency. Fig. 6-7 show in detail the process of turning the two trough sections 24 from the horizontal position around the axis of rotation 6 to the desired position under the action of the hydraulic system.
It should be noted that, in the previous research, in order to consider the influence of the terrain, the water tank is simply carried on another water tank, so that the inner side surfaces cannot be smoothly connected, and the movement characteristic of the fluid flowing through the position is greatly influenced.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the data acquisition system comprises a computer and a data acquisition instrument, the data acquisition instrument is connected with the axial force sensor 21, the displacement sensor 10, the TDR sensor 9, the pressure sensor 16, the pore pressure sensor 17 and the high-speed camera 7, and the data acquisition instrument is used for transmitting acquired data to the computer for analysis and processing. Therefore, the control is simple, and the experimental efficiency is improved.
The experimental procedure using the device of the invention is briefly described below with reference to one embodiment of the invention:
referring to fig. 1, the height of a funnel 14 on a vertical column 15 is adjusted, an axial force sensor 21 and a stress plate 20 are installed on a supporting plate 19 to form a protective structure 5, a TDR sensor 9 and a displacement sensor 10 are arranged at the top of a multi-stage slope-changing physical water tank in a front-back manner, a pressure sensor 16 and a pore pressure sensor 17 are installed at the bottom of the multi-stage slope-changing physical water tank, and each sensor is connected with a data acquisition system and a computer; the high-speed camera 7 is fixed at the upstream of the corresponding protective structure 5 through a camera fixing support and is connected with a computer for collecting the moving image of the debris flow; installing the energy dissipation plate in the material tank 13;
and adjusting the hydraulic lifters 4 to lift the water tank sections 24 of different sections to a specified angle, and enabling the bearing platform 3 below the material pool 1 to move along the sliding rails 2. The method comprises the following steps of adding materials into a funnel 14, opening the funnel 14, enabling the materials to freely fall into a material box 13, opening a gate 11 after the materials fall, enabling the materials to flow into a multi-stage slope-changing physical water tank through a flow outlet 12 under the action of gravity, and moving downwards along the bottom of the multi-stage slope-changing physical water tank to impact a protective structure 5;
the depth of the debris flow is measured through a displacement sensor 10 of a measuring system in the whole process, the axial force sensor 21 measures the loads of different positions of the protective structure 5, the pore pressure sensor 17 monitors the pore pressure inside the debris flow, the TDR sensor 9 measures the change of components in the movement process of the debris flow, the pressure sensor 16 measures the normal stress and the shear stress received at the bottom of the water tank and records the flow form in the water tank through the high-speed camera 7, the impact form of the debris flow on the protective structure 5, the deformation form of the protective structure 5 and the like are included, and related data are obtained through a data acquisition system.
The mud-rock flow can flow to material pond 1 after crossing protective structure 5, opens material pump 18, and the material that will overflow is sent to material case 13, can continuously add the material simultaneously in funnel 14 and compensate the loss in the experimentation to simulate mud-rock flow and to protective structure 5 continuous impact effect. After one group of experiments are finished, the hydraulic lifter 4 is controlled to enable the multi-stage slope-changing physical water tank to be restored to the horizontal position, the multi-stage slope-changing physical water tank is carefully cleaned, and a next group of experiments are prepared;
the working condition combination of the materials with different grades and compactness and the multi-level variable slope physical water tank with different inclination angles is arranged in different experimental groups to obtain a large amount of detailed measurement data, and the data are contrasted and analyzed to obtain the motion characteristics of the debris flow and the mechanism of the action with the protective structure, so that scientific basis and guidance are provided for prevention and treatment of the debris flow.
Other configurations and operations of the multi-stage variable-slope physical flume experimental device according to the embodiment of the invention are known to those skilled in the art and will not be described in detail herein.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "central," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," "counterclockwise," "axial," "radial," "circumferential," and the like are used in the orientations and positional relationships indicated in the drawings for convenience in describing the invention and to simplify the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the referenced device or element must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and are not to be considered limiting of the invention.
Furthermore, the terms "first", "second" and "first" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless specifically defined otherwise.
In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly stated or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly and can, for example, be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally formed; the connection can be mechanical connection, electrical connection or communication; either directly or indirectly through intervening media, either internally or in any other relationship. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.
In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly stated or limited, the first feature "on" or "under" the second feature may be directly contacting the first and second features or indirectly contacting the first and second features through an intermediate. Also, a first feature "on," "over," and "above" a second feature may be directly or diagonally above the second feature, or may simply indicate that the first feature is at a higher level than the second feature. A first feature being "under," "below," and "beneath" a second feature may be directly under or obliquely under the first feature, or may simply mean that the first feature is at a lesser elevation than the second feature.
In the description herein, references to the description of the term "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "an example," "a specific example," or "some examples," etc., mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above are not necessarily intended to refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. Furthermore, various embodiments or examples and features of different embodiments or examples described in this specification can be combined and combined by one skilled in the art without contradiction.
While embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the claims and their equivalents.
Claims (6)
1. A multi-stage variable slope physical water tank experimental device capable of simulating fluid motion characteristics is characterized by comprising: the device comprises a material box device, a measuring system, a data acquisition system, a hydraulic system, a material recovery device, a multi-stage slope-changing physical water tank, an upright post and a slide rail, wherein the upright post (15) is connected with one end of the slide rail (2), and the measuring system is connected with the data acquisition system;
the material box device comprises a material box (13), an outflow port (12) and a funnel (14), the funnel (14) is arranged on the upright post (15) and is positioned right above the material box (13), and the material box (13) is connected with a gate (11) of the multi-stage slope-changing physical water tank through the outflow port (12);
the hydraulic system comprises a hydraulic lifter (4) and a slide rail (2), and the hydraulic lifter (4) is fixed on the slide rail (2) and is connected with the multi-stage slope-changing physical water tank;
the material recovery device comprises a material pool (1), a bearing platform (3) and a material pump (18), wherein the material pool (1) is arranged on the bearing platform (3), and the material pool (1) is connected with the material tank (13) through the material pump (18);
the measuring system comprises a protective structure (5) placed in the multistage variable-slope physical water tank, an axial force sensor (21) used for measuring the load of the protective structure (5), a displacement sensor (10) used for measuring the flow depth of a debris flow, a TDR sensor (9) used for measuring the component change in the movement process of the debris flow, a pressure sensor (16) used for measuring the load of the debris flow on the bottom, a pore pressure sensor (17) used for monitoring the pore pressure and a plurality of high-speed cameras (7) used for recording the flow form in the multistage variable-slope physical water tank, wherein the axial force sensor (21) is fixed on the protective structure (5), the displacement sensor (10) and the TDR sensor (9) are fixed on the top of the multistage variable-slope physical water tank, and the pressure sensor (16) and the pore pressure sensor (17) are installed at the bottom of the multistage variable-slope physical water tank, and the high-speed cameras (7) are fixed at the top of the multi-stage slope-variable physical water tank through camera fixing supports (8).
2. The multi-stage variable-slope physical water tank experimental device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the protective structure (5) comprises a stress plate (20), an axial force sensor (21) and a support plate (19), and the axial force sensor (21) is connected between the stress plate (20) and the support plate (19).
3. The multi-stage slope-changing physical water tank experiment device as claimed in claim 2, wherein the number of the axial force sensors (21) is plural, and the plural axial force sensors (21) are arranged at intervals in the up-down direction.
4. The multi-stage slope-changing physical water tank experiment device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the data acquisition system comprises a computer and a data acquisition instrument, the data acquisition instrument is connected with the axial force sensor (21), the displacement sensor (10), the TDR sensor (9), the pressure sensor (16), the pore pressure sensor (17) and the high-speed camera (7), and the data acquisition instrument is used for transmitting acquired data to the computer for analysis and processing.
5. The multi-stage slope-changing physical water tank experimental device as claimed in claim 1, wherein an energy dissipation plate is installed in the material tank (13), the energy dissipation plate comprises a circular pipe connector (22) and an energy dissipation inserting plate (23), and the circular pipe connector (22) is connected with the material pump (18).
6. The multi-stage slope-variable physical water tank experimental device as claimed in any one of claims 1-5, wherein the multi-stage slope-variable physical water tank comprises a plurality of water tank sections (24), two adjacent water tank sections (24) are connected through a rotating shaft (6), the number of the hydraulic lifters (4) is multiple, the plurality of the hydraulic lifters (4) are connected with the plurality of the water tank sections (24) in a one-to-one correspondence manner, and the hydraulic lifters (4) are suitable for being lifted to change the angles of the corresponding water tank sections (24).
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| CN114061903A (en) * | 2022-01-18 | 2022-02-18 | 中国地质大学（武汉） | Simulation test device and simulation test method for debris flow impacting variable-slope river channel |
| CN114112299A (en) * | 2021-11-22 | 2022-03-01 | 中国安全生产科学研究院 | Tailing deposit test system |
| CN115097102A (en) * | 2022-06-20 | 2022-09-23 | 西南交通大学 | Simulation test device and method for debris flow cascade collapse blocking amplification effect |
| CN115897474A (en) * | 2022-11-28 | 2023-04-04 | 华中科技大学 | Polymorphic transformation test water tank for simulating wave and wind power coupling |
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