CN110441028B - Experimental device capable of simulating landslide and impact caused by liquefaction of seabed sandy soil - Google Patents
Experimental device capable of simulating landslide and impact caused by liquefaction of seabed sandy soil Download PDFInfo
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- CN110441028B CN110441028B CN201910628891.8A CN201910628891A CN110441028B CN 110441028 B CN110441028 B CN 110441028B CN 201910628891 A CN201910628891 A CN 201910628891A CN 110441028 B CN110441028 B CN 110441028B
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01M10/00—Hydrodynamic testing; Arrangements in or on ship-testing tanks or water tunnels
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- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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Abstract
The invention discloses an experimental device capable of simulating landslide and impact caused by liquefaction of seabed sandy soil. The crane is used for lifting the water tank to a designated angle. The automatic sanding device is arranged right above the water tank and used for generating sand samples in the sliding grooves, wherein the jack is arranged above the water tank support and connected with the hydraulic control system, and the jack can generate standing waves to liquefy soil bodies, flow and impact submarine pipelines. The motion characteristic of the landslide body and the load of the submarine pipeline are monitored through various sensors. High speed cameras at the sides and top of the flume are used to record the motion profile of the landslide mass. The device can realize the damage monitoring of the submarine pipeline after the submarine landslide, obtains the motion characteristic of the landslide body and the mechanism of action with the structure by comparing the data of the working condition combination, and provides scientific basis and guidance for the prevention and treatment of the submarine landslide.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of ocean engineering construction, in particular to an experimental device for simulating landslide and structural impact caused by sand liquefaction in the seabed, which can be used for measuring the load impacting a submarine pipeline after landslide in the seabed indoors and provides certain guidance for ocean engineering construction.
Background
The ocean contains abundant energy sources including marine oil, natural gas, combustible ice, ocean renewable energy sources (wind energy, tidal current energy and wave energy) and the like. Ocean engineering construction aiming at developing, utilizing, protecting and recovering ocean resources is an important direction for future economic development of China. Among disaster factors influencing the geological environment safety of the ocean land slope, the seabed landslide is the one with the greatest direct activity and harmfulness. The generation of the method can not only remold the geological environment of the land slope region, but also seriously damage important facilities such as an oil-gas development platform, an oil-gas pipeline, a submarine communication cable and the like, thereby causing great difficulty to the construction of ocean engineering; it also causes a great deal of decomposition of natural gas hydrate resources, causing deterioration of marine environment, and causing wave whirling and tsunami. That is, the effects of landslide on the sea floor essentially dominate the risk of geological disaster in an area. Therefore, the comprehensive and deep research on the formation mechanism, the influence factors and the risk evaluation method of the cognitive offshore landslide has great significance for guaranteeing the construction of engineering facilities in the development of marine energy and the utilization of marine space in China.
At present, the research on the submarine landslide mainly focuses on the aspects of geometric shape awareness, structural analysis, qualitative research on trigger factors and the like of the landslide, but due to the difficulty of the research, a lot of work is still needed on the aspects of quantitative research on the submarine landslide, and numerical values-physics of landslide mechanisms and dynamics.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an experimental device capable of simulating landslide and impact caused by liquefaction of seabed sandy soil, aiming at overcoming the defects in the prior art, and providing a certain guidance for further solving the problem of landslide in the seabed in engineering.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
an experimental device for simulating landslide and structural impact caused by liquefaction of sand in the sea bottom comprises an automatic sand spreading device, a soil body liquefaction device, a measuring system, a data acquisition system, a crane and a rack for placing the experimental device; the crane is connected with one end of the fixed plate, and the measuring system is connected with the data acquisition system; the rack comprises an upright post, a bearing platform, a plurality of water tank brackets, a fixing plate placed on the bearing platform and a water tank fixed on the fixing plate; the upright column is positioned between the crane and the water tank and is vertically fixed on the fixing plate; a plurality of water tank brackets are welded and fixed on the water tank; the automatic sanding device comprises a motor and a feed box with a downward outlet, one end of the feed box is connected with the motor, and the motor is fixed on the upright post through a screw button; a piston is arranged at the outlet of the feed box; the soil body liquefaction device comprises two jacks with opposite movement directions and a hydraulic control system for controlling the jacks to move; the two jacks face downwards and are sequentially fixed on the water tank jack through the water tank bracket, and the jacks and the automatic sanding device are positioned on the same side; the hydraulic control system is fixed on the water tank bracket; the measuring system comprises a submarine pipeline placed in a water tank, an axial force sensor used for measuring the load of the submarine pipeline, a displacement sensor used for measuring the flow depth of a landslide body, a pore pressure sensor used for monitoring pore pressure, a bending element used for measuring the liquefaction condition of sand and a plurality of high-speed cameras used for recording the flow form in the water tank; the axial force sensor is fixed on the surface of the submarine pipeline, and the mounting positions of the displacement sensor and the particle graduator sensor are positioned on the same side of the automatic sanding device and fixed on the top of the water tank through the water tank bracket; the hole pressure sensor is arranged at the bottom of the water tank, and the bending element is arranged on the side wall of the water tank below the automatic sanding device; the high-speed cameras are fixed on the water tank support, at least one of the high-speed cameras is installed on the water tank top on the same side with the automatic sanding device, and at least one of the high-speed cameras is installed on the side wall of the water tank around the submarine pipeline.
Furthermore, the lower end of the outlet of the feed box is also provided with a leakage net for controlling the particle size of falling sand.
Further, the data acquisition system comprises a computer and a data acquisition instrument. The data acquisition instrument is connected with each sensor, and the computer data is analyzed and processed and issues instructions according to user settings.
Further, the experimental device also comprises an illuminating lamp arranged around the high-speed camera.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: according to the experimental device, waves with different wave heights are generated by the jack and the water tank, the bending element on the side wall of the water tank can monitor the pore change of the sand sample, and a certain evaluation is provided for the liquefaction degree of the sand sample and even the occurrence of the seabed landslide. Then, the landslide body slides downwards under the action of gravity to impact a seabed structure such as a seabed pipeline, the axial force dynamometer can record impact load borne by the structure, other sensors can monitor other state quantities, and the high-speed camera directly records the whole process of the landslide body impacting the seabed structure. Therefore, the water tank device provides possibility for quantifying the action of the sliding mass and the structure.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a push plate type wave generator;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view (front view) of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view (top view) of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view (side view) of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a data processing flow diagram of the present invention;
the device comprises a water tank support 1, a high-speed camera fixing support 2, a high-speed camera 3, a submarine pipeline 4, an axial force sensor 5, a bearing platform 6, a particle graduator sensor 7, an illuminating lamp 8, a hole pressure sensor 9, a displacement sensor 10, a hydraulic control system 11, a jack 12, a fixing plate 13, a material box 14, a sand sample 15, an upright post 16, a piston 17, a piston 18, a leakage net 18, a screw button 19, a motor 20, a hook 21, a lifting rope 22, a lifting ring 23 and a bending element 24.
Detailed Description
Due to the uniqueness and uncontrollable nature of the submarine topography and the high cost of large-scale submarine landslide experiments, the understanding of the generation of submarine landslides and the action mechanism of landslides and submarine structures is hindered, and reasonable guidance can not be provided for the prevention and treatment of submarine landslide disasters. At present, although there are some qualitative field observations of the submarine landslide, a scientific quantitative standard is still required to be provided for the generation and impact process of the submarine landslide through a large amount of quantitative researches. And a repeatable and controllable indoor small-sized water tank experiment provides possibility for understanding the impact mechanism of the landslide body.
As shown in fig. 1, 2 and 3, an experimental device for simulating landslide and impact on a structure caused by liquefaction of sand in the sea bottom comprises an automatic sanding device, a soil liquefaction device, a measurement system, a data acquisition system, a crane and a rack for placing the experimental device; the crane is connected with one end of the fixed plate 13, and the measuring system is connected with the data acquisition system; the rack comprises an upright post 16, a bearing platform 6, a water tank bracket 1, a fixing plate 13 placed on the bearing platform 6 and a water tank fixed on the fixing plate 13; the upright column 16 is positioned between the crane and the water tank and is vertically fixed on the fixed plate 13; the water tank bracket 1 is welded and fixed on the water tank; the automatic sanding device comprises a motor and a feed box 14 with a downward outlet, wherein one end of the feed box 14 is connected with the motor, and the motor is fixed on the upright post 16 through a screw button; a piston 17 is arranged at the outlet of the feed box 14; the soil body liquefaction device comprises two jacks 12 with opposite movement directions and a hydraulic control system for controlling the jacks 12 to move; the two jacks 12 face downwards and are sequentially fixed on the water tank jack through the water tank bracket 1, and the jacks 12 and the automatic sanding device are positioned on the same side; the hydraulic control system is fixed on the water tank bracket 1; the measuring system comprises a submarine pipeline 4 placed in a water tank, an axial force sensor 5 used for measuring the load of the submarine pipeline 4, a displacement sensor 10 used for measuring the flow depth of a landslide body, a pore pressure sensor 9 used for monitoring pore pressure, a bending element 24 used for measuring the liquefaction condition of sandy soil and a plurality of high-speed cameras 3 used for recording the flow form in the water tank; the axial force sensor 5 is fixed on the surface of the submarine pipeline 4, the mounting positions of the displacement sensor 10 and the particle graduator sensor 7 are positioned on the same side of the automatic sanding device, and the displacement sensor and the particle graduator sensor are fixed on the top of the water tank through the water tank bracket 1; the pore pressure sensor 9 is arranged at the bottom of the water tank, and the bending element 24 is arranged on the side wall of the water tank below the automatic sanding device; a plurality of high-speed cameras 3 are fixed on the water tank support 1, at least one of the high-speed cameras 3 is arranged on the water tank top on the same side with the automatic sanding device, and at least one of the high-speed cameras 3 is arranged on the side wall of the water tank around the submarine pipeline 4.
In the invention, the reciprocating motion of the jack is used for generating standing waves, so that the liquefaction process of sand in the seabed is simulated, and the wave-making principle of the invention is close to that of a push plate type wave-making machine, as shown in figure 1. At present, The line theory is widely used in The method and properties of wave generated by dependent-type wave-maker, Extension of The effective test area of multi-directional wave by dependent-side direction reflexes, Analysis of wave generator and absorber in balance, ignoring fluidViscosity and compressibility, based on microwave theory, Zhang Yi (2017) and other people put forward the maximum load power P of the wave maker(max)And wave-making parameters:
in the formula SmaxRepresents the maximum travel of the wave; fmaxRepresents the maximum load force; fpmaxThe maximum wave pressure is indicated. Wherein Smax,Fmax,FpmaxThe calculation formula is as follows:
Fpmax＝ωSmax×Da×d
in the formula, HbRepresents the maximum breaking wave height, and A represents a half formed by the movement of the wave pushing plate; m represents the mass of the moving structure of the wave maker; ω represents the angular frequency of the wave; d represents the width of the push wave plate; da,maIs an intermediate variable.
Where ρ represents the density of water; k is the wave number; h is the water depth; k is a radical ofnFor intermediate variables, the following equation determines:
ω2+kng tan(knh)＝0
therefore, the device can generate waves with different wavelengths and wave heights in the water tank by generating the waves through the jack 12, simulate the effect of actual waves on the seabed sand sample, monitor the pore change of the sand sample 15 through the bending element 24 on the side wall of the water tank, and provide certain evaluation for the liquefaction degree of the sand sample and even the occurrence of seabed landslide. Then, the landslide body slides downwards under the action of gravity to impact a seabed structure such as a seabed pipeline 4, and the axial force sensor 5 can record the impact load applied to the structure so as to provide a quantitative standard for evaluating the liquefaction degree of the seabed sand sample. Meanwhile, other sensors can monitor other state quantities, and the high-speed camera directly records the whole process of the landslide body impacting the seabed structure.
Preferably, the lower end of the outlet of the feed box 14 is also provided with a screen 18 for controlling the particle size of the falling sand. The experimental device also comprises an illuminating lamp 8 arranged around the high-speed camera 3 for supplementing light, so that the photos shot by the camera are clearer.
In addition, as shown in fig. 5, the data acquisition system includes a computer, program control software, and a data acquisition instrument. The data acquisition instrument is connected with each sensor, transmits the acquired data to the computer and analyzes and processes the data through program software.
The experimental procedure using the apparatus of the present invention is briefly described below:
the height of the automatic sanding device on the upright post 16 is adjusted through a screw button 19, the illuminating lamp 8 is also arranged on the water tank support 1, the axial force sensor 5 is fixed on the surface of the submarine pipeline 4, the installation positions of the displacement sensor 10 and the particle graduator sensor 7 are positioned on the same side as the automatic sanding device, and the automatic sanding device is fixed on the top of the water tank through the water tank support 1; the pore pressure sensor 9 is arranged at the bottom of the water tank, and the bending element 24 is arranged on the side wall of the water tank below the automatic sanding device; connecting each sensor with a data acquisition system and a computer; the high-speed cameras 3 are fixed on the water tank bracket 1, one is arranged on the water tank top at the same side with the automatic sanding device, and the other is arranged on the side wall of the water tank around the submarine pipeline 4.
Placing the sand into the feed box, turning on a motor 20 connected with the feed box 14, adjusting the vibration frequency of the motor 20 according to the compactness of the sand, turning on a piston 17 at the bottom of the feed box 14, enabling the sand to fall freely under the action of gravity, and adjusting the pores of a screen 18 at the bottom of the feed box 14 according to requirements to control the particle size of the falling sand;
after the sand sample covers the bending element 24, the sand sample 15 is generated, the fixing plate 13 is lifted by a crane to enable the device to be lifted to a corresponding angle, and then water is slowly injected from the lower end of the water tank until the sand sample 15 is completely immersed;
when the water surface is static, the two jacks 12 are controlled by the hydraulic control system to reciprocate up and down to generate standing waves until the soil body is liquefied to flow, so that landslide and impact on a structure caused by liquefaction of sand sample soil in the sea bottom are simulated. In the whole process, the flow depth of a landslide body is measured through a displacement sensor 10 of a measuring system, the load of a submarine pipeline 4 is measured through an axial force sensor 5, the pore pressure is monitored through a pore pressure sensor 9, the particle gradiometer sensor 7 measures the particle distribution of the landslide body, the sandy soil liquefaction degree is measured through a bending element 24, and the flowing form in a water tank, including the moving form of the landslide body and the deformation form of the submarine pipeline 4, is recorded through a high-speed camera 3. And related data is obtained through a data acquisition system. After one set of experiments is completed, the crane is controlled to lower the fixing plate 13, so that the water tank is restored to the horizontal position, the water tank is carefully cleaned, and the next set of experiments are prepared.
A large amount of detailed measurement data are obtained by setting working condition combinations of sand samples with different gradation and compactness and water tanks with different inclination angles in different experimental groups, and the data are contrasted and analyzed to obtain the motion characteristics of a landslide body and the mechanism of action with a structure, so that scientific basis and guidance are provided for prevention and treatment of the seabed landslide.
Claims (4)
1. An experimental device capable of simulating landslide and impact on a structure caused by liquefaction of sand in the sea bottom is characterized by comprising an automatic sand scattering device, a soil body liquefaction device, a measuring system, a data acquisition system, a crane and a rack for placing the experimental device; the crane is connected with one end of the fixed plate (13), and the measuring system is connected with the data acquisition system; the rack comprises an upright post (16), a bearing platform (6), a water tank bracket (1), a fixing plate (13) placed on the bearing platform (6) and a water tank fixed on the fixing plate (13); the upright column (16) is positioned between the crane and the water tank and is vertically fixed on the fixing plate (13); a plurality of water tank brackets (1) are welded and fixed on the water tank; the automatic sanding device comprises a motor and a feed box (14) with a downward outlet, one end of the feed box (14) is connected with the motor, and the motor is fixed on the upright post (16) through a screw button; a piston (17) is arranged at the outlet of the feed box (14); the soil body liquefaction device comprises two jacks (12) with opposite movement directions and a hydraulic control system for controlling the movement of the jacks (12); the two jacks (12) face downwards and are sequentially fixed on the water tank jack through the water tank bracket (1), and the jacks (12) and the automatic sanding device are positioned on the same side; the hydraulic control system is fixed on the water tank bracket (1); the measuring system comprises a submarine pipeline (4) placed in a water tank, an axial force sensor (5) used for measuring the load of the submarine pipeline (4), a displacement sensor (10) used for measuring the flow depth of a landslide body, a pore pressure sensor (9) used for monitoring pore pressure, a bending element (24) used for measuring the liquefaction condition of sandy soil and a plurality of high-speed cameras (3) used for recording the flow form in the water tank; the axial force sensor (5) is fixed on the surface of the submarine pipeline (4), the mounting positions of the displacement sensor (10) and the particle graduator sensor (7) are positioned on the same side of the automatic sanding device, and the displacement sensor and the particle graduator sensor are fixed on the top of a water tank through a water tank bracket (1); the pore pressure sensor (9) is arranged at the bottom of the water tank, and the bending element (24) is arranged on the side wall of the water tank below the automatic sanding device; a plurality of high-speed cameras (3) are fixed on the water tank support (1), at least one of the high-speed cameras (3) is arranged on the water tank top on the same side with the automatic sanding device, and at least one of the high-speed cameras is arranged on the side wall of the water tank around the submarine pipeline (4).
2. The experimental set-up according to claim 1, characterized in that the lower end of the outlet of the hopper (14) is also equipped with a sieve (18) for controlling the particle size of the falling sand.
3. The assay device of claim 1, wherein the data acquisition system comprises a computer and a data acquisition instrument; the data acquisition instrument is connected with each sensor and transmits the acquired data to the computer for analysis and processing.
4. The experimental apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that it further comprises illumination lamps (8) installed around the high-speed camera (3).
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| CN110749725B (en) * | 2019-11-26 | 2023-07-14 | 大连理工大学 | Testing device and testing method for monitoring submarine landslide quality transportation process |
| CN111594157B (en) * | 2020-05-13 | 2021-09-21 | 浙江大学 | Experimental device and method for simulating seabed slope instability caused by combustible ice decomposition under complex terrain condition |
| CN111948375A (en) * | 2020-08-17 | 2020-11-17 | 南昌大学 | Monitoring and early warning experimental device for simulating soil liquefaction |
| CN112734081B (en) * | 2020-12-15 | 2022-06-21 | 福建工程学院 | Prediction method of impact force of landslide collapse block on submarine pipeline |
| CN113552026B (en) * | 2021-07-22 | 2022-12-13 | 河海大学 | Using method of oscillation water tank for non-invasive detection of liquefaction of wave-induced bottom bed |
| CN114018539B (en) * | 2021-09-15 | 2023-08-29 | 山东大学 | Submarine oil and gas pipeline stability model test device and test method |
| CN114324820A (en) * | 2021-12-07 | 2022-04-12 | 中国电建集团华东勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Test device for simulating overall process of weakening of seabed gas-containing slope and landslide |
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| CN100495478C (en) * | 2006-12-14 | 2009-06-03 | 浙江大学 | Saturated sand vibration liquefication demonstrator |
| KR101390253B1 (en) * | 2013-03-19 | 2014-05-07 | 한국지질자원연구원 | Measuring speed and impact forces of subaerial and subaqueous landslides considering geomorphological and mobile characteristics |
| CN106769547B (en) * | 2016-12-20 | 2019-08-30 | 西安科技大学 | A kind of impact liquefaction test equipment and test method |
| CN108254504A (en) * | 2018-01-11 | 2018-07-06 | 中国电建集团华东勘测设计研究院有限公司 | The experimental rig and its test method on simulated sea bottom landslide |
| CN207675410U (en) * | 2018-01-16 | 2018-07-31 | 三峡大学 | A kind of device of adjustable landslide angle for Simulations of Water Waves Due To Landslides model test |
| CN108519212B (en) * | 2018-03-20 | 2020-05-26 | 常州大学 | Angle-adjustable landslide surge height and dynamic pressure monitoring device and method |
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| US11567057B2 (en) * | 2018-11-26 | 2023-01-31 | Kun Fang | Landslide experimental device for simulating constant seepage flow |
| CN109724772A (en) * | 2019-01-23 | 2019-05-07 | 吉林大学 | Subaqueous debric flow motion feature simulation test device |
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