CN105783975A - Centrifuge test forced tamping simulation auxiliary test device - Google Patents
Centrifuge test forced tamping simulation auxiliary test device Download PDFInfo
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- CN105783975A CN105783975A CN201610119850.2A CN201610119850A CN105783975A CN 105783975 A CN105783975 A CN 105783975A CN 201610119850 A CN201610119850 A CN 201610119850A CN 105783975 A CN105783975 A CN 105783975A
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- tamping
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01D21/00—Measuring or testing not otherwise provided for
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of rock-soil centrifuges and provides a centrifuge test forced tamping simulation auxiliary test device. The device is mainly composed of a device pedestal, a model box, a displacement system, a tamping system and a real-time monitoring system. The forced tamping simulation auxiliary test device is capable of realizing shutdown hand-operated adjustment in horizontal longitudinal and horizontal transverse directions and controllable lifting in a vertical centrifugal operation process. Based on the combination of a strong magnet and an organic glass sleeve, complex simulation actions such as miniature tamping hammer free falling, hoisting and repeated tamping, light hammering high tamping and heavy hamming low tamping are realized; in addition, combined with a centrifuge device, an image system and a sensor system provided by a centrifugation laboratory, the forced tamping simulation auxiliary test device is capable of simulating a forced tamping construction method, revealing the mechanism of the forced tamping method and optimizing a construction scheme.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to ground Centrifuge Techniques field, be specifically related to a kind of centrifuge test strong rammer simulation ancillary test device.
Background technology
Heavy-tamping method is again dynamic consolidation method or power densification method, it it is a kind of effective Ground Treatment Schemes, this method is then to utilize automatic decoupling device to make its free-falling by weight is lifted to eminence repeatedly, to ground ramming with powerful impact energy, thus improving the intensity of foundation soil, reduce compressibility, Compaction variables, improve anti-vibration liquefying power, improve the uniformity of soil layer, reduce differential settlement.Heavy-tamping method is widely used in engineering practice.Heavy-tamping method has been done a lot of research by Chinese scholars, but the practice of heavy-tamping method is still far walked before theory.At present, Chinese scholars carries out the discussion of heavy tamping theory frequently with reduced scale indoor model test, but the stress level of the scaled model under 1g is different from the stress level of on-the-spot prototype, it is impossible to the real stress level reproducing scene, so directly affects the test reliability of Water And Earth Pressures load.Centrifugal model test then utilizes the centrifuge of high speed rotating, model is applied above the centrifugal intertia force of gravity n times, compensation model is because of the loss of the reduced scale l/n weight stress caused, can reproduce the stress level at scene really, and make model and prototype stress, strain equal, to deform similar (1/n), failure mechanism identical.It is than the generally physical model under static(al) (acceleration of gravity) condition closer to reality, and therefore simulation is just seemed effective especially with the research that deadweight is the geotechnical structure physical property shape of primary load by it.Current centrifugal model test is used widely in the research of underground engineering.
Since nearly twenty or thirty year, the practice of China Geotechnical Engineering has promoted the rapid progress of centrifuge modelling tests technology, and the centrifugal test equipment of advanced person is all had in the scientific research institutions such as Tongji University, Tsing-Hua University, Nanjing hydro science institute, Yangtse academy of science.Centrifuge performance newly-built in recent years is become better and better, and power is increasing, simulates the auxiliary device performances such as pile, excavation, loading, temperature control, moisture control all the more complete.But, simple heavy-tamping method of constructing in practice is but difficult to the centrifuge modelling at high speed rotating, and the present invention develops the simulation of a set of centrifuge test strong rammer in conjunction with the feature of dynamic consolidation construction engineering method, to fill up centrifugal test simulation blank in strong rammer simulation.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of centrifuge test strong rammer simulation ancillary test device.
The centrifuge test strong rammer simulation ancillary test device of a kind of controllable simulation strong rammer that the present invention proposes, is made up of base, model casing, displacement system, tamping system and real-time monitoring system, wherein:
Base 1 plays liner effect, and whole assay device is to thereon, by crane, whole assay device being hung base, be positioned in centrifugal basket and fix after completing；
Model casing is made up of steel frame 2 and clear glass observation window 3, and steel frame 2 is cube frame, at least provided with a clear glass observation window 3 in four sides of steel frame 2；
Displacement system includes lengthwise movement bracing frame, transverse movement bracing frame and vertical motion module, horizontal cross motion bracket is cube frame structure, bottom is connected with steel frame 2 top by high-strength bolt, relative both sides, top are fixed with first and penetrate groove 5, transverse movement bracing frame 6 is welded to form frame structure between two by four blooms, two bloom end bridge joints respectively of horizontal movement bracing frame 6 penetrate on groove 5 in two first, and transverse movement bracing frame 6 can be made to penetrate first groove 5 moves back and forth, the another two bloom of transverse movement bracing frame 6 is fixed with second and penetrates groove 7；Vertical motion module is made up of loading plate 8, change speed gear box 9, frequency conversion motor 10 and elevating lever 11, change speed gear box 9, frequency conversion motor 10 and elevating lever 11 are individually fixed on loading plate 8, change speed gear box 9 connects frequency conversion motor 10 and elevating lever 11 respectively, frequency conversion motor 10 can control rotating speed by changing the size of electric current, change speed gear box 9 according to the rotating speed of frequency conversion motor 10 to control the elevating lever 11 lifting at vertical position；The both sides of loading plate 8 are positioned at two second and penetrate on groove 7, and loading plate 8 can penetrate second and move back and forth on groove 7；
Tamping system is made up of band external screw thread upper sleeve 12, strong magnet 13, the miniature hammer ram 14 of irony and lucite tube 15, band external screw thread upper sleeve 12 top is fixed on bottom loading plate 8 by high-strength bolt, elevating lever 11 one end traverse band external screw thread upper sleeve 12, its end connects strong magnet 13, strong magnet 13 can be used for holding the miniature hammer ram 14 of irony, internal diameter with external screw thread upper sleeve 12 is slightly larger than the external diameter of elevating lever 11 and strong magnet 13, and namely elevating lever 11 can promote strong magnet 13 and pass freely through band external screw thread upper sleeve 12；Upper sleeve 12 top is connected on loading plate 8 by high-strength bolt, lucite tube 15 upper inside wall arranges a tapped sleeve pipe 16, the tapped sleeve pipe 16 in lucite tube 15 is connected by external screw-thread with external screw thread upper sleeve 12, by regulating the relative position with external screw thread upper sleeve 12 and tapped sleeve pipe 16, make soil sample in the contact model case of lucite tube 15 bottom surface；The internal diameter of described tapped sleeve pipe 16 is less than hammer ram 14 external diameter, and more than the external diameter of elevating lever 11 and strong magnet 13, when strong magnet 13 holds the miniature hammer ram of irony 14 by tapped sleeve pipe 16, being forcibly separating of strong magnet 13 and the miniature hammer ram 14 of irony can be made；
Real-time monitoring system is made up of camera pedestal 17 and video camera 18, camera pedestal 17 top is by being welded to connect on loading plate 8, video camera 18 is fixed in bottom, real-time monitoring system plays the effect controlling with measuring during testing, duty by video camera 18 Observable tamping system, after soil sample rammed by the miniature hammer ram 14 of irony, by the scale on lucite tube 15 and the relative position of the miniature hammer ram 14 of irony in photo, tamping depth can be analyzed.
In the present invention, centrifuge test strong rammer simulation ancillary test device is only a part for whole centrifugal test, when carrying out dynamic compaction test, need to test in conjunction with the centrifuge in Geotechnical Centrifugal Model Test room, physical mechanics sensor, image system, as space is limited, repeat no more herein.
The work process of the present invention:
Model casing is positioned on horizontal base, according to testing program, model casing is made ground soil sample, bury vibration, displacement, pore pressure, soil pressure case underground in soil sample relevant position.Lucite tube is rotatably connected in the externally threaded upper sleeve of band, and fixes strong rammer simulation ancillary test device part, by indoor loop wheel machine, whole model casing is winched on geotechnical centrifuge hanging basket, fixed model case.Longitudinally tamping point adjusted to first and hit place with horizontal cross bracing frame by level, tighten each high-strength bolt in motion module.Start motor, make elevating lever drive strong magnet by sleeve pipe tapped in lucite tube and to hold hammer ram from bottom, adjust after lucite tube makes bottom just contact soil sample surface fixing.After connecting real-time monitoring system power supply, start geotechnical centrifuge, after centrifuge reaches desired speed, under the supervision of real-time system, carry elevating lever and drive hammer ram to move upward along lucite, when hammer ram arrives the sleeve pipe in lucite tube, owing to the internal diameter of sleeve pipe is less than hammer ram external diameter, more than elevating lever and strong magnet external diameter, so under the lift effect that frequency conversion motor provides, strong magnet and hammer ram will be forcibly separated.The soil sample that hammer ram will be rammed along lucite in model after departing from strong magnet under the high centrifugal force field action that centrifuge provides.After ramming, the attached each sensor of centrifuge records relevant parameter and the changes thereof such as soil sample vibration, pore pressure, soil pressure respectively, and calculates the tamping depth of hammer ram by analyzing the dial gauge on the photo and lucite tube that monitor in real time takes.After each physical and mechanical parameter collection completes and stablizes.Change motor steering, put down strong magnet from top to bottom until holding hammer ram, and be promoted to the sleeve pipe place in lucite tube, make both again separate, repeat to ram operation.After soil sample has a bit been rammed, can suspending centrifugal test, treat that centrifuge comes to a complete stop and can enter Centrifuge Room, by changing tamping system, in level, position longitudinally, on horizontal cross bracing frame selects new to ram testing site.
Beneficial effects of the present invention:
The great advantage of apparatus of the present invention is able to by installing strong rammer simulation ancillary test device on model casing, realize at the arbitrarily devised height in the optional position of soil sample surface set and hammer ram, simulation strong rammer rams the process of ground experiment repeatedly, thus for correctly disclosing heavy tamping theory, contrast optimization Test scheme provides a practicable approach.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the top view of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the front view of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is the left view of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is the tamping system design diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is the lucite tube design detail of the present invention.Wherein: (a) is heavy hammer and low strike molded cannula, (b) is light hammer high strike molded cannula.
Number in the figure: 1 is base, 2 steel frames, 3 is clear glass observation window, 4 is lengthwise movement bracing frame, and 5 is first penetrate groove, and 6 is transverse movement bracing frame, 7 is second penetrate groove, and 8 is loading plate, and 9 is change speed gear box, 10 is frequency conversion motor, and 11 is elevating lever, and 12 is band external screw thread upper sleeve, 13 is strong magnet, and 14 is hammer ram, and 15 is lucite, 16 is band internally threaded sleeve, and 17 is camera pedestal, and 18 is high-definition camera.
Detailed description of the invention
The present invention is further described below by example.
Embodiment 1
As shown in figs 1 to 6, base 1 can be built by normal concrete block and be constituted, the platform temporarily deposited when making soil sample as model casing, base 1 need to guarantee level, after model casing completes, adopt geotechnique indoor, centrefuge experiment room loop wheel machine that together with strong rammer mechanical hand, whole model casing is winched to centrifugal basket place and install fixing.Model casing is made up of steel frame 2 and clear glass observation window 3, and steel frame 2 is cube frame, at least provided with a clear glass observation window 3 in four sides of steel frame 2；Model casing 1 external dimensions is 600mm × 400mm × 500mm(length × wide × height).In order to reduce the deformation under high stress, steel frame adopts high-carbon steel, and glass adopts and thickeies safety glass.According to centrifugal basket spiro keyhole position, bottom model casing, relevant position arranges screw.In order to model casing is combined closely with strong rammer simulation auxiliary equipment, bolt hole and notch are set in model casing 1 top and lengthwise movement bracing frame 4 joint portion.
Displacement system is made up of lengthwise movement bracing frame 4, transverse movement bracing frame 6 and vertical motion module, lengthwise movement bracing frame 4 overall dimension is 600mm × 400mm × 300mm(length × wide × height), bottom is connected fixing by high-strength bolt with model casing 2, both sides, top are opened first and are penetrated groove 5, and first penetrates groove 5 is interconnected and fixed by high-strength bolt and transverse movement bracing frame 6.Transverse movement bracing frame 6 is welded by four blooms, laterally two blooms are opened second and are penetrated groove 7, pass through high-strength bolt, lengthwise movement bracing frame 4, transverse movement bracing frame 6 and vertical motion module can be connected and fixed, high-strength bolt can also be untied simultaneously, adjust vertical motion module position in the horizontal plane, reach the purpose of change tamping point with this.Vertical motion module is made up of loading plate 8, change speed gear box 9, frequency conversion motor 10, elevating lever 11.Loading plate 8 effect is change speed gear box 9, frequency conversion motor 10 and elevating lever 11 to be fixed on transverse movement bracing frame 6.Frequency conversion motor 10 can control rotating speed by the size of change electric current, and motor speed is reduced to control elevating lever 11 with controlled speed lifting by change speed gear box 9.
Between lengthwise movement bracing frame 4 and transverse movement bracing frame 6 with bolts, untie bolt and can freely change the position of tamping system in scope of design, tight a bolt i.e. lockable tamping point.Motor adopts frequency conversion motor, and change speed gear box can realize the rising or falling speed of the maximum 10cm/min of elevating lever.
Tamping system is made up of band external screw thread upper sleeve 12, strong magnet 13, the miniature hammer ram 14 of irony, lucite tube 15.Design internal diameter with external screw thread upper sleeve 12 is slightly larger than the external diameter of elevating lever 11 and strong magnet 13, and namely elevating lever 11 can promote strong magnet 13 and pass freely through upper sleeve 12.Upper sleeve 12 top is connected on loading plate 8 by high-strength bolt, can connect lucite tube 15 by external screw-thread, and adjustable organic glass pipe 15 makes soil sample in its bottom surface contact model case.Lucite tube 15 is internal arranges a tapped sleeve pipe 16, this tapped sleeve pipe 16 has two effects, one is be fixedly connected with machine glass tubing 15 and band external screw thread upper sleeve 12, two be the internal diameter of this sleeve pipe less than hammer ram 14 external diameter more than the external diameter of elevating lever 11 and strong magnet 13, when strong magnet 13 holds hammer ram 14 by this sleeve pipe, being forcibly separating of strong magnet 13 and hammer ram 14 can be made.
Real-time monitoring system is made up of camera pedestal 17, video camera 18.Camera pedestal 17 top is by being welded to connect on loading plate 8, and video camera 17 is fixed in bottom.Real-time monitoring system plays the effect controlling with measuring during testing, duty by video camera 17 Observable tamping system, after soil sample rammed by hammer ram 14, by the scale on lucite tube 15 and the relative position of hammer ram 14 in photo, tamping depth can be analyzed.
Each critical piece is of a size of: the diameter 22mm of elevating lever 11, strong magnet diameter 25mm, hammer ram diameter 40mm, upper sleeve interior diameter 30mm, bottom casing inner diameter 30mm, lucite wall thickness 2mm.Hammer ram selects brute force to salvage Magnetitum, miniature hammer ram can be held under high centrifugal field, and when Magnet hold hammer ram rise to bottom lucite middle sleeve with elevating lever time, owing to the external diameter of strong magnet is less than casing inner diameter, strong magnet can pass through sleeve pipe and continue to rise, and the external diameter of hammer ram is more than casing inner diameter, sleeve pipe can not be passed through, so under the pulling force effect of elevating lever, hammer ram separates with Magnet, and slide to soil sample in model casing along lucite tube under centrifugal action, implement to ram.Lucite tube is closely joined together by professional equipment and seccotine with the sleeve pipe being placed in one, and lucite selects high transparency material simultaneously, and surface spraying has red scale, it is ensured that pass through high-definition camera, it is possible to control in real time and analyze to ram process and effect.Sleeve pipe in lucite can design different length to reach the purpose of different transport disengaging height, in this example, lucite middle sleeve has design two kinds different, detailed design schematic diagram is as shown in Figure 6, casing length is 230mm and 130mm respectively, sleeve bottom is to Plexiglas base height respectively 200mm and 300mm, hammer ram has 10.2g and 15.3g two types simultaneously, and under the centrifugal field effect of centrifuge 50g, can simulate tamping energy is the 1500kN m strong rammer process gently hammering high strike and heavy hammer and low strike into shape.
Strong rammer simulation auxiliary equipment work process is as follows: be positioned on horizontal base by model casing, according to testing program, model casing is made ground soil sample, vibration, displacement, pore pressure, soil pressure case is buried underground in soil sample relevant position, and fix strong rammer simulation ancillary test device part, by indoor loop wheel machine, whole model casing is winched on geotechnical centrifuge hanging basket, fixed model case.Before strong rammer simulation ancillary test device is installed, first lucite tube is rotatably connected in upper sleeve, subsequently assay device is fixed on model casing, tamping point adjusted to first by horizontal longitudinal bracing frame and horizontal cross bracing frame and hit place, tighten each high-strength bolt on bracing frame, starting motor, strong magnet by holding hammer ram after the sleeve pipe in lucite in bottom, is adjusted after lucite tube makes bottom just contact soil body surface fixing by elevating lever.After connecting real-time monitoring system power supply, start geotechnical centrifuge, after centrifuge reaches predetermined 50g acceleration, under the supervision of real-time system, carry elevating lever and drive hammer ram to move upward along lucite, when hammer ram arrives the sleeve pipe in lucite tube, owing to the internal diameter of sleeve pipe is less than hammer ram external diameter, more than elevating lever and strong magnet external diameter, so under the lift effect that frequency conversion motor provides, strong magnet and hammer ram will be forcibly separated.The soil sample that hammer ram will be rammed along lucite in model after departing from strong magnet under the high centrifugal force field action that centrifuge provides.After ramming, the attached each sensor of centrifuge records relevant parameter and the changes thereof such as soil sample vibration, pore pressure, soil pressure respectively, it is possible to the dial gauge on the photo taken by analysis monitor in real time and lucite tube calculates the tamping depth of hammer ram.After each physical and mechanical parameter collection completes and stablizes.Change motor steering, put down strong magnet from top to bottom until holding hammer ram, and be promoted to the sleeve pipe place in lucite tube, make both again separate, repeat to ram operation.After soil sample has a bit been rammed, centrifugal test can be suspended, treat that centrifuge comes to a complete stop and can enter Centrifuge Room, select new testing site of ramming to proceed new round test by changing tamping system position on level longitudinal direction, horizontal cross bracing frame.This centrifugal test device is possible not only to realize ramming of difference, realize the strong rammer simulation test of any tamping energy of arbitrary height also by the casing length adopted in different hammer rams and change lucite, analyze effect and the mechanism of this method for processing foundation of strong rammer with this comprehensively.Centrifugal test is one of soil test the most advanced at present, and when carrying out above-mentioned test, scientific research personnel need to possess the relevant knowledges such as principle and the operation of geotechnical centrifuge.
Claims (1)
1. a centrifuge test strong rammer simulation ancillary test device for controllable simulation strong rammer, is made up of base, model casing, displacement system, tamping system and real-time monitoring system, it is characterised in that:
Base (1) plays liner effect, and whole assay device, to thereon, whole assay device being hung base by crane after completing, is positioned in centrifugal middle hanging basket and fixes；
Model casing is made up of steel frame (2) and clear glass observation window (3), and steel frame (2) is cube frame, at least provided with a clear glass observation window (3) in four sides of steel frame (2)；
Displacement system includes lengthwise movement bracing frame, transverse movement bracing frame and vertical motion module, horizontal cross motion bracket is cube frame structure, bottom is connected with steel frame (2) top by high-strength bolt, relative both sides, top are fixed with first and penetrate groove (5), transverse movement bracing frame (6) is welded to form frame structure between two by four blooms, two blooms of transverse movement bracing frame (6) lay respectively at two first and penetrate on groove (5), and transverse movement bracing frame (6) can be made to penetrate first groove (5) moves back and forth, the another two bloom of horizontal movement bracing frame (6) is fixed with second and penetrates groove (7)；Vertical motion module is made up of loading plate (8), change speed gear box (9), frequency conversion motor (10) and elevating lever (11), change speed gear box (9), frequency conversion motor (10) and elevating lever (11) are individually fixed on loading plate (8), change speed gear box (9) connects frequency conversion motor (10) and elevating lever (11) respectively, frequency conversion motor (10) can control rotating speed by changing the size of electric current, change speed gear box (9) according to the rotating speed of frequency conversion motor (10) to control the elevating lever (11) lifting at vertical position；The both sides of loading plate (8) are positioned at two second and penetrate on groove (7), and energy loading plate (8) penetrates second and moves back and forth on groove (7)；
Tamping system is by band external screw thread upper sleeve (12), strong magnet (13), the miniature hammer ram of irony (14) and lucite tube (15) composition, loading plate (8) bottom is fixed on by high-strength bolt in band external screw thread upper sleeve (12) top, elevating lever (11) one end traverse band external screw thread upper sleeve (12), its end connects strong magnet (13), strong magnet (13) can be used for holding the miniature hammer ram of irony (14), internal diameter with external screw thread upper sleeve (12) is slightly larger than the external diameter of elevating lever (11) and strong magnet (13), namely elevating lever (11) can promote strong magnet (13) and pass freely through band external screw thread upper sleeve (12)；Upper sleeve (12) top is connected on loading plate (8) by high-strength bolt, lucite tube (15) upper inside wall arranges a tapped sleeve pipe (16), connected the tapped sleeve pipe (16) of lucite tube (15) by external screw-thread with external screw thread upper sleeve (12), by regulating band external screw thread upper sleeve (12), make soil sample in the contact model case of lucite tube (15) bottom surface；The internal diameter of described tapped sleeve pipe (16) is less than hammer ram (14) external diameter, and more than the external diameter of elevating lever (11) and strong magnet (13), when strong magnet (13) holds the miniature hammer ram of irony (14) by tapped sleeve pipe (16), being forcibly separating of strong magnet (13) and irony miniature hammer ram (14) can be made；
Real-time monitoring system is made up of camera pedestal (17) and video camera (18), camera pedestal (17) top is by being welded to connect on loading plate (8), video camera (18) is fixed in bottom, real-time monitoring system plays the effect controlling with measuring during testing, duty by video camera (18) Observable tamping system, after the miniature hammer ram of irony (14) rams soil sample, by the scale on lucite tube (15) and the relative position of the miniature hammer ram of irony (14) in photo, tamping depth can be analyzed.
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| CN107905202A (en) * | 2017-11-09 | 2018-04-13 | 东南大学 | The migration path detection experimental provision of filler during high rheology weak soil dynamic replacement |
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| CN109653258A (en) * | 2018-10-14 | 2019-04-19 | 中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所 | The calcareous sand pile foundation model assay systems of analog pile driving process |
| CN111175185A (en) * | 2019-12-31 | 2020-05-19 | 同济大学 | Centrifuge test fluid injection device |
| CN112229742A (en) * | 2020-09-30 | 2021-01-15 | 广东省高速公路有限公司 | Standard penetration test simulation equipment in centrifugal model test |
| CN113250253A (en) * | 2021-06-22 | 2021-08-13 | 天津大学 | Centrifugal model test device for simulating piling |
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| CN112229742A (en) * | 2020-09-30 | 2021-01-15 | 广东省高速公路有限公司 | Standard penetration test simulation equipment in centrifugal model test |
| CN112229742B (en) * | 2020-09-30 | 2023-06-20 | 广东省高速公路有限公司 | Standard penetration test simulation equipment in centrifugal model test |
| CN113250253A (en) * | 2021-06-22 | 2021-08-13 | 天津大学 | Centrifugal model test device for simulating piling |
| CN113250253B (en) * | 2021-06-22 | 2023-03-07 | 天津大学 | Centrifugal model test device for simulating piling |
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Application publication date: 20160720 |