CN217810768U - Mud-rock flow ditch bed erodees reduced scale model experimental apparatus - Google Patents
Mud-rock flow ditch bed erodees reduced scale model experimental apparatus Download PDFInfo
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- CN217810768U CN217810768U CN202222241900.8U CN202222241900U CN217810768U CN 217810768 U CN217810768 U CN 217810768U CN 202222241900 U CN202222241900 U CN 202222241900U CN 217810768 U CN217810768 U CN 217810768U
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a debris flow gully bed scouring scale model experiment device, which comprises a water tank, wherein the water outlet end of the water tank is connected with a test water tank, a debris flow gully bed model is arranged in the test water tank, the test water tank is arranged in an inclined manner, the high point end of the test water tank is connected with the water tank, the low point end of the test water tank is connected with an accumulation platform, the two sides of the test water tank are made of transparent toughened glass, and the inclination angles of the water tank and the test water tank are adjusted by a bottom lifting adjusting structure; a test system is also included. The device can simulate the indoor scale physical test situation of the debris flow, and can realize the research of the scouring erosion process of the debris flow on the gully bed in the movement process by combining comprehensive technical methods such as mechanical mode analysis and the like, particularly the violent scouring mechanism of the gully bed under the influence of multiple factors, and the research of the flow amplification effect of the debris flow generated by the scouring action. The mud-rock flow gully database in the high and steep hill slope region can be established through experiments of the device.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to a reduced scale model technical field specifically indicates a mud-rock flow ditch bed erodees reduced scale model experimental apparatus.
Background
Due to the influence of heavy rainfall and human engineering activities in recent years, extremely abundant loose sources are formed in partial ditches of mountain areas in China, the amount of stimulated rainfall required by torrential torrent of mountain torrents is greatly reduced, and the risk of the torrent activities in steep hillside areas is increased.
When the device encounters extreme rainfall weather, large-scale and large-scale group-flood debris flow disasters occur in channels of steep hilly areas inevitably. The evolution process of the debris flow channel is very complex, particularly, the upstream channel in the flow field is narrow, the channel slope is in a sharp and steep section, after strong rainfall, debris flow is converged in a steep river channel quickly, the fluid is in a turbulent flow or turbulent flow field with a pulsation phenomenon, the momentum, the energy and the diffusion capacity of the fluid are high, and the water body influences the flow field through the actions of impact, striking, stirring and the like to cause channel scouring. The downstream of the flow field is generally a gentle accumulation area, if a fire hose effect exists at the upstream in the channel, the huge inertia impact force of the water body causes the loose solid matters at the section to be disintegrated until the loose solid matters are destroyed and wrapped in the fluid, mud-rock flow slurry is formed, meanwhile, a narrow, short and straight channel is formed on the accumulation body of the flood fan by rapidly and deeply cutting a groove, the longitudinal slope in the channel is remarkably increased compared with the prior channel, the flow rate of the fluid is rapidly changed, and the destructive power of the mud-rock flow is greatly increased.
Therefore, the method recognizes the occurrence conditions of the debris flow, finds out the erosion evolution mechanism of the debris flow channel, realizes the correct recognition of the debris flow catastrophe process and the disaster consequences thereof, is an important requirement for researching the rainfall-driven erosion evolution mechanism of the debris flow channel in the mountain canyon area and the hydraulic and hydroelectric engineering area, timely and effectively provides disaster prevention and reduction countermeasures for relieving various losses caused by the debris flow disaster in the mountain torrents, and develops the research on the erosion evolution mechanism of the debris flow channel under different rainfall frequencies by combining the work of predecessors. The method solves the key scientific problems and provides scientific guidance for the debris flow prevention and control work in the water conservancy and hydropower engineering area.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
The to-be-solved technical problem of the utility model is to overcome above technical defect, provide a mud-rock flow ditch bed erodees reduced scale model experimental apparatus.
In order to solve the technical problem, the utility model provides a technical scheme does: a debris flow gully bed scouring scale model experiment device comprises a water tank, wherein a water outlet end of the water tank is connected with a test water tank, a debris flow gully bed model is arranged in the test water tank, the test water tank is obliquely arranged, one end of a high point of the test water tank is connected with the water tank, one end of a low point of the test water tank is connected with a stacking platform, two sides of the test water tank are made of transparent toughened glass, and the inclination angles of the water tank and the test water tank are adjusted by a lifting adjusting structure at the bottom; a test system is also included.
Furthermore, the test system comprises an experimental sensor, a laser displacement meter, a high-speed camera and a three-dimensional laser scanner, wherein the experimental sensor comprises a water content sensor and a pore water pressure sensor.
Furthermore, the moisture content sensors and the pore water pressure sensors are arranged at the bottom of the test water tank, a plurality of moisture content sensors and pore water pressure sensors are arranged at even intervals and are connected with a control module, and the control module is connected with a computer end.
Further, laser displacement meter, high-speed camera set up respectively in the both sides toughened glass outside, three-dimensional laser scanner sets up in piling up platform and keeping away from experimental basin one side to three-dimensional laser scanner sets up towards experimental basin.
Furthermore, the lifting adjusting structure comprises a fixed column, a telescopic column and an upper platform, the upper platform is hinged with the bottom of the test water tank through a hinge seat, the telescopic columns are arranged at four corners of the bottom of the upper platform, the bottom ends of the telescopic columns are arranged in the fixed column, a threaded rod is rotatably connected in the fixed column, and an internal thread matched with the threaded rod is arranged in the telescopic columns in a hollow mode; the bottom of the fixed column is provided with a synchronizing shaft, and the end part of the synchronizing shaft extends into the fixed column and drives the threaded rod to rotate through the bevel gear set.
Furthermore, the water outlet end of the water tank is provided with a gate for controlling water flow, and the bottom of the accumulation platform is provided with universal wheels.
Compared with the prior art, the utility model the advantage lie in: the device takes typical gully type debris flow in a high and steep hilly area as a prototype to develop a physical experiment, utilizes instruments such as a high-speed particle imager, an impact force testing system, a high-speed camera, a laser displacement meter, a three-dimensional laser scanner, a pore water pressure sensor and the like to acquire mechanical parameters of fluid in an evolution motion process and state change parameters of a scoured gully, analyzes the scouring degree of the debris flow to the gully bed under different gully gradients, accumulation grading conditions and debris flow fluid conditions, and erodes an evolution mechanism of the debris flow gully bed. Through analyzing the parameter changes of the mud-rock flow and the gully bed monitored in the experiment in the evolution process, a mud-rock flow gully bed scouring model of the high and steep hilly land area under multiple influence factors is provided and introduced into a power numerical calculation process, and the mud-rock flow amplification effect of the high and steep hilly land area is revealed. The device can simulate the indoor scale physical test situation of the debris flow, and can realize the research of the scouring erosion process of the debris flow on the gully bed in the movement process by combining comprehensive technical methods such as mechanical mode analysis and the like, particularly the violent scouring mechanism of the gully bed under the influence of multiple factors, and the research of the flow amplification effect of the debris flow generated by the scouring action. Through the experiment of the device, a debris flow gully database in a steep hill region can be established; combining an indoor scale test and mechanical analysis to construct a ditch bed scouring model under multiple influence factors; determining the debris flow amplification effect based on the debris flow scouring model; flow amplification is introduced into numerical calculation to simulate the whole process of dynamic scouring motion of debris flow.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is the structure schematic diagram of the experiment device of the utility model for washing the scale-down model of the debris flow gully bed.
Fig. 2 is a side view of the experiment device of the debris flow gully bed scouring scale model.
FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration of erosion of a debris flow gully bed
As shown in the figure: 1. a water tank; 2. a test water tank; 3. a debris flow gully bed model; 4. a stacking platform; 5. tempering the glass; 6. a laser displacement meter; 7. a high-speed camera; 8. a three-dimensional laser scanner; 9. a water content sensor; 10. a pore water pressure sensor; 11. a control module; 12. a computer; 13. fixing a column; 14. a telescopic column; 15. an upper platform; 16. a hinged seat; 17. a threaded rod; 18. a synchronizing shaft; 19. a bevel gear set; 20. and (4) a gate.
Detailed Description
The following describes the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings. In which like parts are designated by like reference numerals.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "center", "lateral", "up", "down", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and therefore, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first", "second" and "first" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless otherwise specified. Furthermore, the term "comprises" and any variations thereof is intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions.
A mud-rock flow gully bed scouring scale model experiment device is based on a mud-rock flow gully scouring evolution process in a high and steep hilly region and analyzes a mud-rock flow catastrophe process by adopting an indoor physical test and a numerical simulation method, as shown in figure 1, the mud-rock flow gully bed experiment device comprises a water tank 1, wherein a water outlet end of the water tank 1 is connected with a test water tank 2, a mud-rock flow gully bed model 3 is arranged in the test water tank 2, the test water tank 2 is obliquely arranged, a high-point end of the test water tank 2 is connected with the water tank 1, a low-point end of the test water tank 2 is connected with a stacking platform 4, two sides of the test water tank 2 are made of transparent toughened glass 5, and the inclination angles of the water tank 1 and the test water tank 2 are adjusted by a lifting adjusting structure at the bottom; a test system is also included. Aiming at the flow amplification characteristic under the influence of the debris flow scouring in the high and steep hilly areas, the research on the rainfall-driven debris flow channel scouring evolution mechanism is developed by taking the multi-source data coupling investigation → the scouring influence factor determination → the reduced scale physical model test → the scouring model construction → the flow amplification → the numerical value calculation as a main line. The method comprises the following steps of establishing a debris flow gully database in a high and steep hill slope region through multi-source data coupling investigation; researching a key debris flow scouring influence factor by combining a reduced scale physical model test, constructing a debris flow scouring model under multiple influence factors, and revealing a complete debris flow scouring erosion process in a high and steep slope region; determining the debris flow amplification effect based on the debris flow scouring model; introducing the amplification effect of the debris flow into numerical calculation to deduce the overall process of the debris flow channel scouring dynamic motion catastrophe
This device selects typical mud-rock flow and erodees the channel as geological experiment model, carries out the model according to similar ratio and builds mud-rock flow gully bed and erodees the physical experiment platform, explore mud-rock flow gully bed under the influence of multiple factor and erode the model, utilize water tank 1 retaining, and put water and erode along test basin 2, the simulation mud-rock flow is to the erodeing of gully bed, test basin 2 is long 10m, wide 0.5m, high 0.6m and slope setting, water tank 1 outlet end is equipped with the gate 20 of control discharge, it is equipped with the universal wheel to pile up platform 4 bottoms. Corresponding trench bed model reduced scales are arranged in the test water tank 2 to simulate actual topography, the trench bed models are selected to be stacked in situ according to similar ratios, and corresponding adjustment is carried out in the experiment according to requirements. Adopt transparent toughened glass 5 preparation check to keep off in 2 both sides of experimental basin, the side of being convenient for is observed and data acquisition, sets up and gathers multiple data in test system, establishes including experiment sensor, laser displacement meter 6, three-dimensional laser scanner 8, high-speed particle imager, high-speed camera 7 etc. and constitutes. The experimental sensors comprise a water content sensor 9 and a pore water pressure sensor 10 and are used for measuring the water content inside the ditch bed and the change of the pore water pressure; the laser displacement meter 6 is used for dynamically measuring the geometric form parameters of the gully bed in the scouring process; the three-dimensional laser scanner 8 is used for acquiring three-dimensional change characteristics of each stage of the trench bed in the experimental process, including the erosion condition of the trench bed and the like; the high-speed particle imager is used for testing the flow velocity of the debris flow in the experimental process; the high-speed camera 7 mainly records the image data of the whole process of the scouring experiment. Moisture content sensor 9, pore water pressure sensor 10 all set up in experimental basin 2 bottom to even interval is equipped with a plurality of moisture content sensors 9, pore water pressure sensor 10 and all is connected with control module 11, and control module 11 and computer 12 hold are connected. Laser displacement meter 6, high-speed camera 7 set up respectively in the both sides toughened glass 5 outside, three-dimensional laser scanner 8 sets up and keeps away from experimental basin 2 one side in piling up platform 4 to three-dimensional laser scanner 8 sets up towards experimental basin 2.
Experimental materials: selecting a ditch bed of typical-grade debris flow in a research area for on-site sampling, adopting different volume weights and pore ratios in the experimental process, obtaining solid-phase particle gradation through field and laboratory screening experiments, and controlling the particle gradation to meet the experimental requirements through screening again before the experiments in all the experiments.
The water tank can change the gradient of the test water tank 2 through a lifting adjusting structure as required, the lifting adjusting structure comprises a fixed column 13, a telescopic column 14 and an upper platform 15, the upper platform 15 is hinged with the bottom of the test water tank 2 through a hinge base 16, the telescopic columns 14 are arranged at four corners of the bottom of the upper platform 15, the bottom ends of the telescopic columns 14 are arranged in the fixed column 13, a threaded rod 17 is rotatably connected in the fixed column 13, and internal threads matched with the threaded rod 17 are arranged in the telescopic columns 14 in a hollow mode; the bottom of the fixed column 13 is provided with a synchronizing shaft 18, and the end part of the synchronizing shaft 18 extends into the fixed column 13 and drives a threaded rod 17 to rotate through a bevel gear set 19; during the use, by gear motor drive synchronizing shaft 18 rotation to make threaded rod 17 rotate simultaneously, and then make flexible post 14 can go up and down, can make the inclination of experimental basin 2 change through articulated seat 16, pile up in the platform 4 is put into to experimental basin 2 lower extreme, pile up the platform 4 and can pass through the universal wheel shift position along with the angle change of experimental basin 2.
Boundary conditions are similar: the basin both sides are smooth transparent toughened glass 5, and the bottom is the decorative pattern steel sheet, if directly stack the ditch bed, soil particle is not enough rather than the contact degree, will produce the UNICOM of weak crack, causes the seepage flow phenomenon, consequently evenly paints the clay at ditch bed and basin contact segment, makes the experiment more press close to actual conditions.
Similar aspects of kinetic conditions: the process is not only influenced by the properties of the channel bed size, grading and the like, but also the gradient of the channel, the upstream flow and the like are important influence factors. For this, the following physicomechanical parameters are considered: channel length L, deposit thickness h, deposit weight γ s, flow velocity v, flow rate Q, dynamic viscosity coefficient μ, impact pressure P, gravitational acceleration g, and the like. Since the prototype and the model are both in the same gravity field, the ratio of the inertial force to the gravity of the fluid is equal, i.e. the froude numbers are equal, and the following expression is given:
wherein v is the flow rate; g is the acceleration of gravity; l is a characteristic length; fr is Froude number; p and m represent a prototype and an experimental model respectively.
Experimental protocol and group design
Before the experiment, the particle grading characteristics are determined through a screening experiment, the material properties such as the cohesive force and the internal friction angle of the material are determined through indoor experiments such as direct shear experiments and triaxial experiments, and the Darcy penetration test is carried out to determine the permeability coefficient of the channel accumulation particles. According to the similar criterion of Froude, the ditch beds are piled up according to the size of the ditch bed actually measured in the field, and the parameters such as the inflow rate, the gradient and the like are adjusted. The experiment controls the inflow rate until the ditch bed is flushed and damaged to the bottom of the ditch. Acquiring parameters such as various changes in the scouring process of the gully bed, wherein the shape evolution of the gully bed is recorded by a laser displacement meter; the change of the flow velocity is monitored by a high-speed particle imager; the erosion rate is obtained by calculating the erosion amount of the trench bed in unit time; the forms before and after the flushing are obtained by scanning through a three-dimensional laser scanner.
One of the experimental purposes is to reproduce the whole process of the scouring of the gully bed and analyze relevant influence factors of the scouring of the gully bed.
The second purpose of the experiment is to disclose the scouring and erosion characteristics of the gully bed under different scouring conditions, and establish a gully bed scouring dynamic response model based on the scouring and erosion characteristics.
The third purpose of the experiment is to explore the influence on the scouring of the gully bed under the comprehensive condition parameters of different gradation, different gradients, different flow rates and the like, and construct a debris flow gully bed scouring model under multiple influence factors.
In summary, the physical model test scheme for the erosion of the debris flow gully bed to be developed is as follows:
i, checking test: in order to ensure that the experimental water tank, each sensor and an observation instrument work smoothly and data are normally collected, 1 group of groove beds are selected to carry out 1 instrument test before formal physical test parameters are obtained;
II prototype test: selecting a plurality of generated typical debris flows as models, developing an indoor scale physical model test, building all parameters such as the size, the shape, the grading and the like of the gully bed according to the field measurement data according to a proportion of 1. Experiment design 3 groups, each group has 3 times, and 9 times of experiments are counted;
III study of scouring and eroding of the trench bed under different grading: selecting the median diameter D of the key parameter for controlling the particle size distribution 50 And the non-uniformity coefficient Cu as a control parameter, design D 50 16 different nonuniform coefficient Cu experiments under the condition of 5mm, 10mm and 20mm are performed, each group is performed for 3 times, and 48 times of experiments are performed in total;
IV, study on scouring and erosion of the ditch bed under different slopes: analyzing scouring characteristics of the ditch bed under different channel slopes, change rules of flow along with time, seepage characteristics of the ditch bed and the like, designing 6 groups of experiments with slopes of 6 degrees, 8 degrees, 10 degrees, 12 degrees, 14 degrees and 16 degrees in sequence, wherein each group comprises 3 times, and the total number of the experiments is 18 times;
v study of the erosion of the trench bed under different upstream fluid conditions: analyzing the influence of different upstream flows and fluid characteristics on scouring erosion, and designing the flow to be 2m according to the upstream flows of the field prototype channel under different rainstorm frequencies (P =2%, P =1%, P = 0.5%) 3 /h、6m 3 /h、13m 3 Fluid volume concentration of 0.3, 0.4, 0.5 for a total of 9 runs, 3 runs each, for a total of 27 runs.
The total number of the above experiments was 35 groups, which was 103 times.
The present invention and the embodiments thereof have been described above, but the present invention is not limited thereto, and the embodiments shown in the detailed description are only some examples, not all examples, and the actual structure is not limited thereto. In summary, those skilled in the art should understand that they should not be limited to the embodiments described above, and that they can design the similar structure and embodiments without departing from the spirit of the invention.
Claims (6)
1. The experiment device for the erosion scale model of the debris flow gully bed comprises a water tank (1) and is characterized in that the water outlet end of the water tank (1) is connected with a test water tank (2), a debris flow gully bed model (3) is arranged in the test water tank (2), the test water tank (2) is obliquely arranged, one end of a high point of the test water tank (2) is connected with the water tank (1), one end of a low point of the test water tank is connected with a stacking platform (4), two sides of the test water tank (2) are made of transparent toughened glass (5), and the inclination angles of the water tank (1) and the test water tank (2) are adjusted by a lifting adjusting structure at the bottom; a test system is also included.
2. The experiment device for the debris flow gully bed scouring scale model as claimed in claim 1, wherein the test system is composed of an experiment sensor, a laser displacement meter (6), a high-speed camera (7) and a three-dimensional laser scanner (8), and the experiment sensor comprises a water content sensor (9) and a pore water pressure sensor (10).
3. The experiment device for the debris flow gully bed scouring scale model as claimed in claim 2, wherein the water content sensors (9) and the pore water pressure sensors (10) are arranged at the bottom of the test water tank (2), a plurality of water content sensors (9) and pore water pressure sensors (10) are arranged at even intervals and are connected with a control module (11), and the control module (11) is connected with a computer (12).
4. The experiment apparatus for the debris flow gully bed scouring scale model as claimed in claim 2, wherein the laser displacement meter (6) and the high-speed camera (7) are respectively arranged outside the two sides of the toughened glass (5), the three-dimensional laser scanner (8) is arranged on one side of the stacking platform (4) far away from the test water tank (2), and the three-dimensional laser scanner (8) is arranged towards the test water tank (2).
5. The experiment device for the debris flow gully bed scouring scale model as claimed in claim 1, wherein the lifting adjusting structure comprises a fixed column (13), a telescopic column (14) and an upper platform (15), the upper platform (15) is hinged with the bottom of the test water tank (2) through a hinge seat (16), the telescopic column (14) is arranged at the four corners of the bottom of the upper platform (15), the bottom end of the telescopic column (14) is arranged in the fixed column (13), a threaded rod (17) is rotatably connected with the fixed column (13), and an internal thread matched with the threaded rod (17) is arranged in the telescopic column (14) in a hollow manner; a synchronizing shaft (18) is arranged at the bottom of the fixing column (13), and the end part of the synchronizing shaft (18) extends into the fixing column (13) and drives a threaded rod (17) to rotate through a bevel gear set (19).
6. The experiment device for the debris flow gully bed scouring scale model according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein a gate (20) for controlling water flow is arranged at the water outlet end of the water tank (1), and universal wheels are arranged at the bottom of the accumulation platform (4).
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN116124620A (en) * | 2023-04-10 | 2023-05-16 | 西南交通大学 | Test equipment and test method for pier falling stone impact and water and sand abrasion |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN116124620A (en) * | 2023-04-10 | 2023-05-16 | 西南交通大学 | Test equipment and test method for pier falling stone impact and water and sand abrasion |
| CN116124620B (en) * | 2023-04-10 | 2023-06-27 | 西南交通大学 | Test equipment and test method for pier falling stone impact and water and sand abrasion |
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