CN109024467A - A kind of mud-rock flow dam break imitative experimental appliance under difference ditch bed form - Google Patents
A kind of mud-rock flow dam break imitative experimental appliance under difference ditch bed form Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种不同沟床形态下的泥石流溃坝模拟实验装置，属于岩土工程及灾害防治技术领域。该不同沟床形态下的泥石流溃坝模拟实验装置，包括运输装置、搅拌装置、溃坝模拟装置、升降装置和清洗回收装置。运输装置将泥石流样品传输到搅拌转装置进行搅拌，搅拌结束后将泥石流放入盛放槽中进行泥石流溃坝模拟实验。升降装置和不同的模拟沟床表面可以模拟在不同沟床梯度和粗糙度工况下的溃坝模拟实验，全程可以实验数据的自动化采集，实验结束后可以通过喷头将装置清洗干净，同时还可以将剩余的废料同过回收水槽进行回收，比较环保。本发明可以模拟在不同沟床梯度和粗糙度工况下的泥石流模拟实验，对泥石流发生过程中的数据进行全面的采集。
The invention relates to a debris flow dam break simulation experiment device in different trench bed forms, and belongs to the technical field of geotechnical engineering and disaster prevention and control. The debris flow dam break simulation experiment device under different trench bed forms includes a transport device, a stirring device, a dam break simulation device, a lifting device and a cleaning and recovery device. The transport device transfers the debris flow samples to the stirring device for stirring. After the stirring is completed, the debris flow is put into the storage tank for the simulation experiment of debris flow dam failure. The lifting device and different simulated ditch bed surfaces can simulate dam break simulation experiments under different ditch bed gradients and roughness conditions. The experimental data can be collected automatically throughout the whole process. After the experiment, the device can be cleaned by the nozzle. At the same time, it can also It is more environmentally friendly to recycle the remaining waste through the recycling tank. The invention can simulate mud-rock flow simulation experiments under different working conditions of ditch bed gradient and roughness, and comprehensively collect data in the process of mud-rock flow occurrence.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及一种不同沟床形态下的泥石流溃坝模拟实验装置，属于岩土工程及灾害防治技术领域。The invention relates to a debris flow dam break simulation experiment device in different trench bed forms, and belongs to the technical field of geotechnical engineering and disaster prevention and control.
背景技术Background technique
泥石流是暴雨、洪水将含有沙石且松软的土质山体经饱和稀释后形成的洪流，它的面积、体积和流量都较大，而滑坡是经稀释土质山体小面积的区域，典型的泥石流由悬浮着粗大固体碎屑物并富含粉砂及粘土的粘稠泥浆组成。在适当的地形条件下，大量的水体浸透流水山坡或沟床中的固体堆积物质，使其稳定性降低，饱含水分的固体堆积物质在自身重力作用下发生运动，就形成了泥石流。泥石流是一种灾害性的地质现象。通常泥石流爆发突然、来势凶猛，可携带巨大的石块。因其高速前进，具有强大的能量，因而破坏性极大。Debris flow is a torrent formed by heavy rain and floods after saturation and dilution of soft soil mountains containing sand and rocks. Its area, volume and flow are large, while landslides are areas of small areas of diluted soil mountains. Typical debris flows are caused by suspended It is composed of viscous mud rich in silt and clay with coarse solid clastics. Under appropriate terrain conditions, a large amount of water soaks the solid accumulations in the flowing water hillside or ditch bed, reducing its stability, and the solid accumulations saturated with water move under their own gravity, forming a debris flow. Debris flow is a disastrous geological phenomenon. Mudslides usually erupt suddenly and violently, and can carry huge rocks. Because of its high speed and powerful energy, it is extremely destructive.
泥石流的主要危害是冲毁城镇、企事业单位、工厂、矿山、乡村，造成人畜伤亡，破坏房屋及其他工程设施，破坏农作物、林木及耕地。此外，泥石流有时也会淤塞河道，不但阻断航运，还可能引起水灾。影响泥石流强度的因素较多，如泥石流容量、流速、流量等，其中泥石流流量对泥石流成灾程度的影响最为主要。此外，多种人为活动也在多方面加剧这上述因素的作用，促进泥石流的形成。The main harm of mudslides is to destroy towns, enterprises, institutions, factories, mines, and villages, cause human and livestock casualties, destroy houses and other engineering facilities, and destroy crops, forests, and cultivated land. In addition, mudslides sometimes silt up river courses, which not only block shipping, but may also cause floods. There are many factors affecting the intensity of debris flow, such as debris flow volume, flow velocity, flow rate, etc. Among them, the impact of debris flow flow rate on the degree of debris flow disaster is the most important. In addition, a variety of human activities also intensified the above-mentioned factors in many ways and promoted the formation of debris flows.
泥石流是山地常见具有突发性、致灾严重的自然灾害，全球有70多个国家的山区分布有泥石流灾害。我国属于多山国家，山地占国土面积的2/3，复杂的地质环境、地貌组合、气候条件及人为因素致使我国泥石流爆发频繁、分布广泛，给致灾区域的公路交通、农耕设施及公民建筑带来毁灭性的破坏，给人类的人身安全及生存环境带来严重的威胁。Debris flow is a common sudden and serious natural disaster in mountainous areas. There are more than 70 countries in the world with debris flow disasters distributed in mountainous areas. my country is a mountainous country, with mountains accounting for 2/3 of the country's land area. The complex geological environment, landform combination, climatic conditions and human factors lead to frequent and widespread debris flows in my country, which poses a threat to road traffic, farming facilities and civil buildings in disaster-caused areas. It brings about devastating damage and poses a serious threat to human personal safety and living environment.
据统计，我国有29个省（区）、771个县（市）正遭受泥石流的危害，平均每年泥石流灾害发生的频率为18次/县，近40年来，每年因泥石流直接造成的死亡人数达3700余人。据不完全统计，建国后的50多年中，我国县级以上城镇因泥石流而致死的人数已约4400人，并威胁上万亿财产，由此可见泥石流对山区城镇的危害之重。目前我国己查明受泥石流危害或威胁的县级以上城镇有138个，主要分布在甘肃(45个)、四川(34个)、云南(23个)和西藏(13个)等西部省区，受泥石流危害或威胁的乡镇级城镇数量更大。According to statistics, 29 provinces (districts) and 771 counties (cities) in China are suffering from mudslides. The average annual frequency of mudslides is 18 times per county. In the past 40 years, the number of deaths directly caused by mudslides has reached More than 3700 people. According to incomplete statistics, in the more than 50 years after the founding of the People's Republic of my country, the number of people killed by mudslides in cities and towns above the county level in China has reached about 4,400, threatening trillions of property. At present, 138 towns above the county level have been found to be endangered or threatened by debris flows in my country, mainly in Gansu (45), Sichuan (34), Yunnan (23), and Tibet (13). The number of township-level towns endangered or threatened by mudslides is even greater.
泥石流的危害主要有：The hazards of mudslides mainly include:
（一）对居民点的危害(1) Harm to residential areas
泥石流最常见的危害之一，是冲进乡村、城镇，摧毁房屋、工厂、企事业单位及其他场所设施。淹没人畜、毁坏土地，甚至造成村毁人亡的灾难。如1969年8月云南省大盈江流城弄璋区南拱泥石流，使新章金、老章金两村被毁，97人丧生，经济损失近百万元。还有2010年8月7日至8日，甘肃省舟曲爆发特大泥石流，造成1270人遇难474人失踪，舟曲5公里长、500米宽区域被夷为平地。One of the most common hazards of mudslides is to rush into villages and towns and destroy houses, factories, enterprises and other facilities. Flooding people and animals, destroying land, and even causing disasters such as village destruction. For example, in August 1969, the Nangong mudslide in Nongzhang District, Liucheng, Dayingjiang, Yunnan Province destroyed Xinzhangjin and Laozhangjin villages, killed 97 people, and caused an economic loss of nearly one million yuan. In addition, from August 7 to 8, 2010, a huge mudslide broke out in Zhouqu, Gansu Province, killing 1,270 people and 474 people were missing. An area 5 kilometers long and 500 meters wide in Zhouqu was razed to the ground.
（二）对交通的危害(2) Harm to traffic
泥石流可直接埋没车站，铁路、公路，摧毁路基、桥涵等设施，致使交通中断，还可引起正在运行的火车、汽车颠覆，造成重大的人身伤亡事故。有时泥石流汇入河道，引起河道大幅度变迁，间接毁坏公路、铁路及其它构筑物，甚至迫使道路改线，造成巨大的经济损失。如甘川公路394公里处对岸的石门沟，1978年7月暴发泥石流，堵塞白龙江，公路因此被淹1公里，白龙江改道使长约两公里的路基变成了主河道，公路、护岸及渡槽全部被毁。该段线路自1962年以来，由于受对岸泥石流的影响己3次被迫改线。建国以来，泥石流给我国铁路和公路造成了无法估计的巨大损失。Debris flows can directly bury stations, railways, highways, destroy roadbeds, bridges and culverts and other facilities, resulting in interruption of traffic, and can also cause running trains and cars to overturn, resulting in major personal casualties. Sometimes mudslides flow into the river, causing great changes in the river, indirectly destroying roads, railways and other structures, and even forcing roads to be rerouted, causing huge economic losses. For example, in Shimengou on the opposite bank of the 394-kilometer Ganchuan Highway, a mudslide broke out in July 1978 and blocked the Bailong River. As a result, the road was flooded for 1 kilometer. destroy. Since 1962, this section of the line has been forced to reroute three times due to the impact of mudslides on the opposite bank. Since the founding of the People's Republic of China, debris flows have caused incalculable losses to my country's railways and highways.
（三）对水利工程的危害(3) Harm to water conservancy projects
主要是冲毁水电站、引水渠道及过沟建筑物，淤埋水电站尾水渠，并淤积水库、磨蚀坝面等。It mainly destroys hydropower stations, water diversion channels and ditch-crossing structures, silts up the tailrace of hydropower stations, deposits reservoirs, and erodes dam surfaces.
（四）对矿山的危害(4) Harm to mines
主要是摧毁矿山及其设施，淤埋矿山坑道、伤害矿山人员、造成停工停产，甚至使矿山报废。It is mainly to destroy mines and their facilities, silt mine tunnels, injure mine personnel, cause stoppage of work and production, and even make mines scrapped.
泥石流严重影响我国山区的经济建设和社会发展，而泥石流的危害性表现在运动过程中具有大冲大淤特性和巨大冲击力，这又取决于其运动和动力特性，特别是对运动速度起决定性作用的阻力特性，阻力小，流速快，则破坏力大。而泥石流的阻力又与其运移所在的沟床特性有关，特别是沟床的粗糙度，因此了解沟床的粗糙度对泥石流运移和沉积的影响，将为有效进行泥石流治理工程相关参数的设计和泥石流灾害评价具有十分重要的意义。Debris flows seriously affect the economic construction and social development of mountainous areas in my country, and the hazards of debris flows are manifested in the characteristics of large erosion and large sedimentation and huge impact force during the movement process, which in turn depends on its movement and dynamic characteristics, especially the decisiveness of the movement speed. The resistance characteristics of the action, the resistance is small, the flow rate is fast, and the destructive power is large. The resistance of the debris flow is related to the characteristics of the ditch bed where it migrates, especially the roughness of the ditch bed. Therefore, understanding the influence of the roughness of the ditch bed on the migration and deposition of debris flow will help to effectively design the relevant parameters of the debris flow control project. It is of great significance for the evaluation of debris flow disasters.
泥石流模拟实验可以再现泥石流的启动及运移等，将泥石流的形成和运动生动的展现在人们门前。在目前的泥石流的模拟实验装置中，主要是关于模拟泥石流的启动及运移的相关装置，如模拟不同降雨类型、沟床梯度等的相关装置，来模拟这些因素对泥石流的启动和运移的影响。而在这些模拟装置中，却很少考虑到沟床的形态。因此本发明即针对当前泥石流模拟实验装置的不足，开发了一种在不同沟床形态下的泥石流溃坝模拟实验装置，模拟泥石流在不同沟床形态下的运移及堆积行为，了解沟床粗糙度对泥石流流动行为的影响，将对深入研究沟床粗糙度对泥石流在灾害预警预报、防治工程及科研具有重要的意义。The debris flow simulation experiment can reproduce the start and movement of the debris flow, and vividly display the formation and movement of the debris flow in front of people. Among the current debris flow simulation experimental devices, there are mainly related devices for simulating the initiation and migration of debris flows, such as those for simulating different rainfall types, ditch bed gradients, etc., to simulate the effects of these factors on the initiation and migration of debris flows. influences. However, in these simulation devices, the shape of the trench bed is rarely considered. Therefore, the present invention aims at the deficiencies of the current debris flow simulation experiment device, and develops a debris flow dam break simulation experiment device under different trench bed forms to simulate the migration and accumulation behavior of debris flow in different trench bed forms, and understand the roughness of the trench bed. It is of great significance for the in-depth study of the effect of gully bed roughness on the flow behavior of debris flow in disaster warning and forecasting, prevention and control engineering and scientific research.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明提供了一种不同沟床形态下的泥石流溃坝模拟实验装置，可以模拟在不同沟床梯度和形态下的泥石流溃坝过程。The invention provides a mud-rock flow dam break simulation experiment device under different trench bed forms, which can simulate the mud-rock flow dam break process under different trench bed gradients and forms.
本发明采用的技术方案：本发明主要包括运输装置、搅拌装置、溃坝模拟装置、升降装置和清洗回收装置，其中运输装置、搅拌装置、溃坝模拟装置依次顺序相连，升降装置固定在溃坝模拟装置的下方。The technical solution adopted in the present invention: the present invention mainly includes a transportation device, a stirring device, a dam-break simulation device, a lifting device and a cleaning and recovery device, wherein the transportation device, the stirring device, and the dam-break simulation device are connected in sequence, and the lifting device is fixed on the dam-break below the simulation device.
所述运输装置包括运输支架1、运输电机2、传送带Ⅰ3、样品盛放盒支架4、样品盛放盒5和传送带Ⅱ6，所述样品盛放盒5底部通过样品盛放盒支架4固定在地面，样品盛放盒5的一侧开口并与传送带Ⅰ3的一端相连，传送带Ⅰ3的另一端与传送带Ⅱ6连接，传送带Ⅱ6固定在运输支架1上，其动力由运输电机2提供，传送带Ⅱ6伸入搅拌器28中。The transportation device includes a transportation bracket 1, a transportation motor 2, a conveyor belt I3, a sample holding box bracket 4, a sample holding box 5 and a conveyor belt II6, and the bottom of the sample holding box 5 is fixed on the ground by the sample holding box bracket 4 , one side of the sample holding box 5 is open and connected to one end of the conveyor belt I3, the other end of the conveyor belt I3 is connected to the conveyor belt II6, and the conveyor belt II6 is fixed on the transport bracket 1, and its power is provided by the transport motor 2, and the conveyor belt II6 extends into the stirring device 28.
其中传送带Ⅰ3相对于样品盛放盒5向下倾斜，传送带Ⅱ6相对于样品盛放盒5向上倾斜，传送带Ⅰ3的长度小于传送带Ⅱ6的长度。The conveyor belt I3 is inclined downward relative to the sample holding box 5 , the conveyor belt II6 is upwardly inclined relative to the sample holding box 5 , and the length of the conveyor belt I3 is shorter than the length of the conveyor belt II6 .
所述搅拌装置包括搅拌进水管7、水槽8、搅拌支架9、搅拌电机10、搅拌台支架11、搅拌台12、搅拌进水开关25、搅拌器传动杆26、搅拌叶片27、搅拌器28和泥石流浆体排放管29，所述搅拌器28通过进水管7与其上方的水槽8相连，进水管7上设有搅拌进水开关25，搅拌台12的底部通过搅拌台支架11固定在地面上，搅拌器28通过其下端的搅拌器支架9支撑并固定在搅拌台12上，搅拌器28的底部固定有搅拌电机10，搅拌电机10上连有搅拌器传动杆26并伸入搅拌器28内，搅拌器传动杆26上设有搅拌叶片27，搅拌器28的底部还连有泥石流浆体排放管29，泥石流浆体排放管29伸入泥石流浆体盛放槽13中。Described stirring device comprises stirring water inlet pipe 7, water tank 8, stirring support 9, stirring motor 10, stirring table support 11, stirring table 12, stirring water inlet switch 25, agitator transmission rod 26, stirring blade 27, agitator 28 and The mud-rock flow slurry discharge pipe 29, the agitator 28 is connected to the water tank 8 above it through the water inlet pipe 7, the water inlet pipe 7 is provided with a stirring water inlet switch 25, and the bottom of the mixing table 12 is fixed on the ground by the mixing table support 11, Stirrer 28 is supported by the stirrer support 9 of its lower end and is fixed on the stirring table 12, the bottom of stirrer 28 is fixed with stirring motor 10, is connected with stirrer transmission rod 26 on the stirring motor 10 and stretches in the stirrer 28, Agitator transmission rod 26 is provided with stirring blade 27, and the bottom of agitator 28 is also connected with mud-rock flow slurry discharge pipe 29, and mud-rock flow slurry discharge pipe 29 stretches in the mud-rock flow slurry holding tank 13.
所述溃坝模拟装置包括泥石流浆体盛放槽13、玻璃挡板17、钢制底板18、提升电机30、提升支架33、模拟沟床37、高速摄像机Ⅰ40、高速摄像机Ⅱ24、高速摄像机Ⅲ42、三维激光扫描仪43，孔隙水压力探头49、应力传感器50和挡板60；所述泥石流浆体盛放槽13固定在钢制底板18上，泥石流浆体盛放槽13两侧的挡板60之间固定有可上下移动的活动门14，活动门14的上端通过钢丝31与提升电机30相连，提升电机30固定在提升支架33上，提升电机30外接控制手柄15；钢制底板18上还固定有模拟沟床37，模拟沟床37位于活动门14的相邻位置，模拟沟床37的两侧固定有带刻度的玻璃挡板17，模拟沟床37为一钢材制成的平板，平板的表层为一层混凝土61，混凝土61中嵌有鹅卵石62，鹅卵石62上固定有孔隙水压力探头49和应力传感器50，模拟沟床37的上方固定有高速摄像机Ⅰ40，三维激光扫描仪43通过支架39固定在泥石流模拟沟床37的正前方，模拟沟床37的出口处形成泥石流堆积体41，泥石流堆积体41的两侧设置有高速摄像机Ⅱ24和高速摄像机Ⅲ42，泥石流堆积体41所处的地面上固定有孔隙水压力探头49和应力传感器50。The dam break simulation device includes a debris flow slurry holding tank 13, a glass baffle 17, a steel bottom plate 18, a lifting motor 30, a lifting bracket 33, a simulated ditch bed 37, a high-speed camera I40, a high-speed camera II24, a high-speed camera III42, Three-dimensional laser scanner 43, pore water pressure probe 49, stress sensor 50 and baffle plate 60; described mud-rock flow slurry holding tank 13 is fixed on the steel base plate 18, and the baffle plates 60 on both sides of debris flow slurry holding tank 13 A dodge door 14 that can move up and down is fixed between them, and the upper end of the dodge door 14 links to each other with a lifting motor 30 by a steel wire 31, and the lifting motor 30 is fixed on a lifting bracket 33, and the lifting motor 30 is externally connected with a control handle 15; The simulated ditch bed 37 is fixed, and the simulated ditch bed 37 is located at the adjacent position of the dodge door 14. The both sides of the simulated ditch bed 37 are fixed with graduated glass baffles 17. The simulated ditch bed 37 is a flat plate made of steel. The surface layer is a layer of concrete 61, with pebbles 62 embedded in the concrete 61, pore water pressure probes 49 and stress sensors 50 are fixed on the pebbles 62, a high-speed camera I40 is fixed above the simulated trench bed 37, and a three-dimensional laser scanner 43 passes through the bracket 39 is fixed in front of the mud-rock flow simulation ditch bed 37, and a mud-rock flow accumulation body 41 is formed at the outlet of the mud-rock flow accumulation body 37. High-speed cameras II 24 and high-speed cameras III 42 are arranged on both sides of the mud-rock flow accumulation body 41. The ground where the debris flow accumulation body 41 is located A pore water pressure probe 49 and a stress sensor 50 are fixed on it.
其中模拟沟床37与钢制底板18之间为可拆卸连接，在模拟不同粗糙度工况时方便对模拟沟床37进行更换，所述泥石流浆体盛放槽13内设有体积刻度，所述玻璃挡板17上还设有横向和纵向的刻度59。Wherein the simulated trench bed 37 and the steel bottom plate 18 are detachably connected, and it is convenient to replace the simulated trench bed 37 when simulating different roughness conditions. The debris flow slurry holding tank 13 is provided with a volume scale, so Horizontal and vertical scales 59 are also provided on the glass baffle 17 .
所述升降装置包括液压升降机Ⅰ16和液压升降机Ⅱ20，两者均固定在钢制底板18的底部，其中液压升降机Ⅰ16位于泥石流浆体盛放槽13的下方，液压升降机Ⅱ20位于钢制底板18的中部，液压升降机Ⅱ20辅助液压升降机Ⅰ16的升降。The lifting device includes a hydraulic lifter I16 and a hydraulic lifter II20, both of which are fixed on the bottom of the steel base plate 18, wherein the hydraulic lifter I16 is located below the debris flow slurry holding tank 13, and the hydraulic lifter II20 is located in the middle of the steel base plate 18 , The hydraulic lift II 20 assists the lifting of the hydraulic lift I 16.
所述清洗回收装置包括回收挡板23、清洗水管开关34、清洗水管35、水泵36、喷头38、清洗支架19和回收水槽44，所述清洗水管35通过清洗支架19固定在模拟沟床37的正上方，清洗水管35上排列有多个喷头38，清洗水管35与水泵36相连，清洗水管35上还设有清洗水管开关34，所述回收挡板23位于泥石流堆积体41的两侧，回收挡板23的末端设有回收水槽44。Described cleaning recovery device comprises recovery baffle plate 23, cleaning water pipe switch 34, cleaning water pipe 35, water pump 36, nozzle 38, cleaning support 19 and recovery water tank 44, and described cleaning water pipe 35 is fixed on the simulated ditch bed 37 by cleaning support 19. Directly above, a plurality of nozzles 38 are arranged on the cleaning water pipe 35, the cleaning water pipe 35 is connected with the water pump 36, the cleaning water pipe 35 is also provided with a cleaning water pipe switch 34, and the recovery baffle 23 is located on both sides of the debris flow accumulation body 41, and the recycling The end of the baffle plate 23 is provided with a recovery water tank 44 .
本发明的工作原理：泥石流堆积体样品通过运输装置进入搅拌装置中搅拌均匀，然后进入溃坝模拟装置以模拟不同沟床粗糙度工况下的泥石流溃坝过程，同时通过升降装置调节溃坝模拟装置的倾斜度来模拟不同沟床梯度工况下的泥石流溃坝过程，并记录泥石流的流动和堆积过程以及形成的泥石流堆积体的形态，最后通过清洗回收装置对溃坝模拟装置进行清洗并将清洗后的水流和泥浆收集。The working principle of the present invention: the debris flow accumulation sample enters the stirring device through the transport device and stirs evenly, and then enters the dam failure simulation device to simulate the debris flow dam failure process under different roughness conditions of the ditch bed, and at the same time adjusts the dam failure simulation through the lifting device The inclination of the device is used to simulate the debris flow dam break process under different ditch bed gradient conditions, and the flow and accumulation process of the debris flow and the shape of the formed debris flow accumulation are recorded. Finally, the dam failure simulation device is cleaned and removed by the cleaning and recovery device. Water flow and mud collection after cleaning.
本发明的有益效果是：The beneficial effects of the present invention are:
（1）本发明可以实现土样的运输和搅拌的自动化和连续化，以及模拟实验过程中数据采集的自动化，节省大量的人力和物力，提高泥石流模拟实验的效率，还能实现水资源的回收利用，节约，环保；(1) The present invention can realize the automation and continuity of soil sample transportation and stirring, as well as the automation of data collection in the simulation experiment process, save a lot of manpower and material resources, improve the efficiency of debris flow simulation experiments, and realize the recovery of water resources Utilization, saving, environmental protection;
（2）本发明可以模拟在不同沟床梯度和粗糙度工况下的泥石流模拟实验，工况多，获得的数据量大；(2) The present invention can simulate debris flow simulation experiments under different ditch bed gradients and roughness conditions, with many working conditions and a large amount of data obtained;
（3）本发明可以采集在泥石流浆体运移和沉积过程中的孔隙水压力，应力变化，运移速度，运移距离和沉积面积等参数，为泥石流的运移，致灾和防止工程设计等提供了大量的参考数据；(3) The present invention can collect parameters such as pore water pressure, stress change, migration speed, migration distance and deposition area in the process of mud-rock flow slurry migration and deposition, and is used for the migration of mud-rock flow, disaster-causing and prevention engineering design etc. provide a large amount of reference data;
（4）本发明可以在每次实验结束后，对沟床进行清洗，避免了上次实验对沟床的影响，从而影响下次实验结果的准确性，同时还可以将清洗过后的泥石流浆体进行回收，避免了对环境的污染。(4) The present invention can clean the ditch bed after each experiment, avoiding the impact of the last experiment on the ditch bed, thereby affecting the accuracy of the next experiment result, and can also clean the mud-rock flow slurry Recycling avoids environmental pollution.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是本发明装置结构示意图；Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the device structure of the present invention;
图2是本发明的溃坝模拟实验装置示意图；Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a dam break simulation experiment device of the present invention;
图3是本发明的不同模拟沟床示意图；Fig. 3 is different simulated trench bed schematic diagrams of the present invention;
图4本发明模拟沟床表面卵石安装示意图；Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the installation of pebbles on the simulated ditch bed surface of the present invention;
图5是本发明清洗装置结构示意图；Fig. 5 is a schematic structural view of the cleaning device of the present invention;
图6是本发明升降装置结构示意图；Fig. 6 is a structural schematic diagram of the lifting device of the present invention;
图7是本发明泥石流浆体盛放槽的活动门安装示意图；Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of the installation of the movable door of the mud-rock flow slurry holding tank of the present invention;
图8是本发明泥石流浆体盛放槽的活动门提升示意图；Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of lifting the movable door of the mud-rock flow slurry holding tank of the present invention;
图9是本发明玻璃挡板刻度示意图；Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of the scale of the glass baffle of the present invention;
图中：1-运输支架，2-运输电机，3-传送带Ⅰ，4-样品盛放盒支架，5-样品盛放盒，6-传送带Ⅱ，7-搅拌进水管，8-水槽，9-搅拌器支架，10-搅拌电机，11-搅拌台支架，12-搅拌台，13-泥石流浆体盛放槽，14-活动门，15-控制手柄，16-液压升降机Ⅰ，17-玻璃挡板，18-钢制底板，19-清洗支架，20-液压升降机Ⅱ，21-数据信号传输线，22-数据处理计算机，23-回收挡板，24-高速摄像机Ⅱ，25-搅拌进水开关，26-搅拌器传动杆，27-搅拌叶片，28-搅拌器，29-泥石流浆体排放管，30-提升电机，31-钢丝，32-钩子，33-提升支架，34-清洗水管开关，35-清洗水管，36-水泵，37-模拟沟床，38-喷头，39-三维激光扫描仪支架，40-高速摄像机Ⅰ，41-泥石流堆积体，42-高速摄像机Ⅲ，43-三维激光扫描仪，44-回收水槽，45-液压活塞，46-液压支柱，47-液压缸，48-液压脚垫，49-孔隙水压力探头，50-应力传感器，51-接头，52-模拟沟床Ⅰ，53-模拟沟床Ⅱ，54-模拟沟床Ⅲ，55-模拟沟床表面Ⅰ，56-模拟沟床表面Ⅱ，57-模拟沟床表面Ⅲ，58-卡槽，59-刻度，60-挡板，61-混凝土，62-鹅卵石。In the figure: 1-transport bracket, 2-transport motor, 3-conveyor belt Ⅰ, 4-sample holding box bracket, 5-sample holding box, 6-conveyor belt Ⅱ, 7-stirring water inlet pipe, 8-water tank, 9- Stirrer support, 10-stirring motor, 11-stirring table support, 12-stirring table, 13-debris fluid storage tank, 14-tourable door, 15-control handle, 16-hydraulic lift Ⅰ, 17-glass baffle , 18-Steel base plate, 19-Cleaning bracket, 20-Hydraulic elevator Ⅱ, 21-Data signal transmission line, 22-Data processing computer, 23-Recovery baffle, 24-High-speed camera Ⅱ, 25-Stirring water inlet switch, 26 - Stirrer drive rod, 27-stirring blade, 28-stirrer, 29-debris flow slurry discharge pipe, 30-lifting motor, 31-steel wire, 32-hook, 33-lifting bracket, 34-cleaning water pipe switch, 35- Cleaning water pipes, 36-water pump, 37-simulated ditch bed, 38-nozzle, 39-3D laser scanner bracket, 40-high-speed camera Ⅰ, 41-debris flow accumulation, 42-high-speed camera Ⅲ, 43-3D laser scanner, 44-Recovery tank, 45-Hydraulic piston, 46-Hydraulic prop, 47-Hydraulic cylinder, 48-Hydraulic pad, 49-Pore water pressure probe, 50-Stress sensor, 51-Joint, 52-Simulated trench bed Ⅰ, 53 -Simulated trench bed II, 54-Simulated trench bed III, 55-Simulated trench bed surface Ⅰ, 56-Simulated trench bed surface II, 57-Simulated trench bed surface Ⅲ, 58-Slot, 59-Scale, 60-Baffle , 61-Concrete, 62-Cobblestone.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合附图和具体实施例对本发明作进一步说明。The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
如图1-2所示，一种在不同沟床形态下的泥石流溃坝模拟实验装置，包括运输装置、搅拌装置、溃坝模拟装置、升降装置和清洗回收装置，所述运输装置包括运输支架1、运输电机2、传送带Ⅰ3、样品盛放盒支架4、样品盛放盒5和传送带Ⅱ6，所述样品盛放盒5用于盛放待搅拌的泥石流堆积体样品，其底部通过样品盛放盒支架4固定在地面，样品盛放盒5的一侧开口并与传送带Ⅰ3的一端相连，传送带Ⅰ3的另一端与传送带Ⅱ6连接，传送带Ⅱ6固定在运输支架1上以保证稳定性，运输电机2为提供传送带Ⅱ6动力，传送带Ⅱ6伸入搅拌器28中。As shown in Figure 1-2, a debris flow dam break simulation experiment device in different trench bed configurations includes a transport device, a stirring device, a dam break simulation device, a lifting device, and a cleaning and recovery device. The transport device includes a transport bracket 1. Transport motor 2, conveyor belt I3, sample holding box bracket 4, sample holding box 5 and conveyor belt II6, the sample holding box 5 is used to hold the debris flow accumulation body sample to be stirred, and the bottom of the sample holding box is passed through the sample holding The box bracket 4 is fixed on the ground, one side of the sample holding box 5 is open and connected to one end of the conveyor belt I3, the other end of the conveyor belt I3 is connected to the conveyor belt II6, and the conveyor belt II6 is fixed on the transport bracket 1 to ensure stability, and the transport motor 2 In order to provide power for the conveyor belt II6, the conveyor belt II6 extends into the agitator 28.
如图1所示，其中传送带Ⅰ3相对于样品盛放盒5向下倾斜，传送带Ⅱ6相对于样品盛放盒5向上倾斜，传送带Ⅰ3的长度小于传送带Ⅱ6的长度，待搅拌的泥石流样品依次通过传送带Ⅰ3和传送带Ⅱ6运输至搅拌器28中。As shown in Figure 1, the conveyor belt I3 is inclined downward relative to the sample holding box 5, and the conveyor belt II6 is inclined upward relative to the sample holding box 5. The length of the conveyor belt I3 is shorter than the length of the conveyor belt II6, and the debris flow samples to be stirred pass through the conveyor belt in turn. I3 and conveyor belt II6 are transported to the agitator 28.
所述搅拌装置包括搅拌进水管7、水槽8、搅拌支架9、搅拌电机10、搅拌台支架11、搅拌台12、搅拌进水开关25、搅拌器传动杆26、搅拌叶片27、搅拌器28和泥石流浆体排放管29，所述搅拌器28通过进水管7与其上方的水槽8相连，进水管7上设有搅拌进水开关25以控制水流的流通与关闭，搅拌台12的底部通过搅拌台支架11固定在地面上，搅拌器28通过其下端的搅拌器支架9支撑并固定在搅拌台12上，搅拌器28的底部固定有搅拌电机10，搅拌电机10上连有搅拌器传动杆26并伸入搅拌器28内，搅拌器传动杆26上设有搅拌叶片27，搅拌电机10为搅拌器传动杆26提供动力并带动搅拌叶片27旋转实现泥石流浆体的搅拌，搅拌器28的底部还连有泥石流浆体排放管29，泥石流浆体排放管29伸入泥石流浆体盛放槽13中，搅拌好的泥石流浆体通过泥石流浆体排放管29进入泥石流浆体盛放槽13中，水槽8内还有体积刻度，可以知道水槽8内水量的体积，方便泥石流浆体的定量配制。Described stirring device comprises stirring water inlet pipe 7, water tank 8, stirring support 9, stirring motor 10, stirring table support 11, stirring table 12, stirring water inlet switch 25, agitator transmission rod 26, stirring blade 27, agitator 28 and The mud-rock flow slurry discharge pipe 29, the agitator 28 is connected to the water tank 8 above it through the water inlet pipe 7, the water inlet pipe 7 is provided with a stirring water inlet switch 25 to control the circulation and closure of the water flow, the bottom of the mixing table 12 passes through the mixing table The support 11 is fixed on the ground, and the stirrer 28 is supported and fixed on the stirring table 12 by the stirrer support 9 at its lower end, and the stirring motor 10 is fixed on the bottom of the stirrer 28, and the stirring motor 10 is connected with the stirrer transmission rod 26 and Extending into the agitator 28, the agitator transmission rod 26 is provided with a stirring blade 27, the agitator motor 10 provides power for the agitator transmission rod 26 and drives the agitation blade 27 to rotate to realize the stirring of the mud-rock flow slurry, and the bottom of the agitator 28 is connected There is a mud-rock flow slurry discharge pipe 29, and the mud-rock flow slurry discharge pipe 29 extends into the mud-rock flow slurry holding tank 13, and the stirred mud-rock flow slurry enters the mud-rock flow slurry holding tank 13 through the mud-rock flow slurry discharge pipe 29, and the water tank 8 There is also a volume scale inside, so the volume of water in the water tank 8 can be known, which is convenient for the quantitative preparation of mud-rock flow slurry.
所述溃坝模拟装置包括泥石流浆体盛放槽13、玻璃挡板17、钢制底板18、提升电机30、提升支架33、模拟沟床37、高速摄像机Ⅰ40、高速摄像机Ⅱ24、高速摄像机Ⅲ42、三维激光扫描仪43，孔隙水压力探头49、应力传感器50和挡板60；所述泥石流浆体盛放槽13固定在钢制底板18上，泥石流浆体盛放槽13两侧的挡板60之间固定有可上下移动的活动门14，如图7所示，活动门14通过卡槽58固定在挡板60之间，，将活动门14提起时，可将泥石流浆体盛放槽13内的泥石流浆体释放。The dam break simulation device includes a debris flow slurry holding tank 13, a glass baffle 17, a steel bottom plate 18, a lifting motor 30, a lifting bracket 33, a simulated ditch bed 37, a high-speed camera I40, a high-speed camera II24, a high-speed camera III42, Three-dimensional laser scanner 43, pore water pressure probe 49, stress sensor 50 and baffle plate 60; described mud-rock flow slurry holding tank 13 is fixed on the steel base plate 18, and the baffle plates 60 on both sides of debris flow slurry holding tank 13 A dodge door 14 that can move up and down is fixed between them. As shown in Figure 7, the dodge door 14 is fixed between the baffle plates 60 by a draw-in groove 58. When the dodge door 14 is lifted, the mud-rock flow slurry holding tank 13 The debris flow slurry inside is released.
如图8所示，活动门14的上端固定有钩子32，钢丝31一端与钩子32相连，另一端与提升电机30相连，提升电机30固定在提升支架33上，提升电机30为钢丝31提供上升的动力，进而提起活动门14，从而进行泥石流溃坝模拟实验，提升电机30外接控制手柄15进行操作与控制。As shown in Figure 8, the upper end of dodge door 14 is fixed with hook 32, and steel wire 31 one end links to each other with hook 32, and the other end links to each other with lifting motor 30, and lifting motor 30 is fixed on the lifting support 33, and lifting motor 30 provides steel wire 31 to rise. power, and then lift the dodge door 14, so as to carry out the debris flow dam failure simulation experiment, the lifting motor 30 is externally connected to the control handle 15 for operation and control.
钢制底板18上还固定有模拟沟床37，模拟沟床37位于活动门14的相邻位置，模拟沟床37的两侧固定有带刻度的玻璃挡板17，可以防止泥石流浆体的流出，同时玻璃挡板17上还有刻度59，如图9所示，刻度59由横向和纵向的刻度组成，可以测量泥石流运移过程中的运移距离和厚度。如图4所示，模拟沟床37为一钢材制成的平板，平板的表层为一层混凝土61，混凝土61中嵌有鹅卵石62，鹅卵石62上固定有孔隙水压力探头49和应力传感器50，可以测量泥石流运移和沉积过程中浆体的孔隙水压力和应力变化，并通过数据信号传输线21传输至数据处理计算机22。A simulated ditch bed 37 is also fixed on the steel bottom plate 18. The simulated ditch bed 37 is located adjacent to the dodge door 14. The two sides of the simulated ditch bed 37 are fixed with graduated glass baffles 17, which can prevent the outflow of debris flow slurry. At the same time, there is also a scale 59 on the glass baffle 17, as shown in Figure 9, the scale 59 is composed of horizontal and vertical scales, which can measure the migration distance and thickness during the debris flow migration process. As shown in Figure 4, the simulated ditch bed 37 is a flat plate made of steel, the surface of the flat plate is a layer of concrete 61, and cobblestones 62 are embedded in the concrete 61, and pore water pressure probes 49 and stress sensors 50 are fixed on the cobblestones 62. Pore water pressure and stress changes of slurry during debris flow migration and deposition can be measured and transmitted to a data processing computer 22 through a data signal transmission line 21 .
泥石流浆体的溃坝过程可以通过高速摄像机拍摄，高速摄像机可以快速捕捉泥石流在较短时间内的浆体位移及速度变化。模拟沟床37的上方固定有高速摄像机Ⅰ40，主要摄录沟床上游泥石流浆体的流动过程，三维激光扫描仪43通过支架39固定在泥石流模拟沟床37的正前方，泥石流的堆积形态可以通过三维激光扫描仪43扫描并通过专业的软件处理，计算出泥石流堆积体的厚度和面积，精度为2 mm。模拟沟床37的出口处形成泥石流堆积体41，泥石流堆积体41的两侧设置有高速摄像机Ⅱ24和高速摄像机Ⅲ42，主要用于摄录泥石流的堆积过程。泥石流堆积体41所处的地面上固定有孔隙水压力探头49和应力传感器50，也通过数据信号传输线21传输至数据处理计算机22。The dam break process of debris flow slurry can be photographed by a high-speed camera, which can quickly capture the displacement and velocity changes of the debris flow in a relatively short period of time. A high-speed camera I40 is fixed above the simulated ditch bed 37, which mainly records the flow process of the debris flow slurry upstream of the ditch bed. The three-dimensional laser scanner 43 is fixed directly in front of the ditch bed 37 for the simulated debris flow through the bracket 39. The 3D laser scanner 43 scans and processes through professional software to calculate the thickness and area of the debris flow accumulation body with an accuracy of 2 mm. A debris flow accumulation body 41 is formed at the exit of the simulated ditch bed 37, and a high-speed camera II 24 and a high-speed camera III 42 are arranged on both sides of the debris flow accumulation body 41, which are mainly used to record the accumulation process of the debris flow. A pore water pressure probe 49 and a stress sensor 50 are fixed on the ground where the debris flow accumulation body 41 is located, and are also transmitted to the data processing computer 22 through the data signal transmission line 21 .
如图3所示，其中模拟沟床37与钢制底板18之间为可拆卸连接，可以在模拟沟床37的四周设置接头51，将其卡进钢制底板18对应位置，或者采用其他的活动连接方式，用于在模拟不同粗糙度工况时方便对模拟沟床37进行更换。As shown in Figure 3, the simulated trench bed 37 and the steel base plate 18 are detachably connected, and joints 51 can be arranged around the simulated trench bed 37 to snap it into the corresponding position of the steel base plate 18, or use other The movable connection mode is used to facilitate the replacement of the simulated trench bed 37 when simulating different roughness working conditions.
所述升降装置包括液压升降机Ⅰ16和液压升降机Ⅱ20，两者均固定在钢制底板18的底部，其中液压升降机Ⅰ16位于泥石流浆体盛放槽13的下方，液压升降机Ⅱ20位于钢制底板18的中部，液压升降机Ⅱ20的结构和使用原理都和液压升降机Ⅰ16相同，主要起辅助液压升降机Ⅰ16升降的作用。液压升降机Ⅰ16和液压升降机Ⅱ20的数量可以具体设置，两者的数量最好相同，且均匀对应的分布，当进行调节时，可保证钢制底板18的稳定性。两者具体结构如图6所示，液压脚垫48安放在地面上，上面安装有液压缸47，液压支柱46和液压活塞45，当液压缸47工作时液压活塞45可以上下升降，因液压活塞45对钢制底板18的支撑作用，钢制底板18也将同时上下升降。The lifting device includes a hydraulic lifter I16 and a hydraulic lifter II20, both of which are fixed on the bottom of the steel base plate 18, wherein the hydraulic lifter I16 is located below the debris flow slurry holding tank 13, and the hydraulic lifter II20 is located in the middle of the steel base plate 18 , The structure and operating principle of the hydraulic lift II20 are the same as those of the hydraulic lift I16, and it mainly plays the role of assisting the lifting of the hydraulic lift I16. The number of hydraulic lifts I16 and hydraulic lifts II20 can be specifically set, and the two numbers are preferably the same, and the distribution is even and corresponding. When adjusting, the stability of the steel base plate 18 can be guaranteed. The concrete structures of the two are shown in Figure 6. The hydraulic foot pad 48 is placed on the ground, and a hydraulic cylinder 47, a hydraulic prop 46 and a hydraulic piston 45 are installed above. When the hydraulic cylinder 47 was working, the hydraulic piston 45 could be lifted up and down. 45 to the supporting action of steel base plate 18, steel base plate 18 also will lift up and down simultaneously.
因钢制底板18的一端固定，因此当钢制底板18未固定的另一端在升降装置的作用升降时，可以使钢制底板18倾斜而具有一定的倾角，从而使钢制底板18上的溃坝模拟装置在泥石流溃坝模拟过程中具有一定的倾角。改变升降装置的升降高度，钢制底板18的倾角也将会改变，因模拟沟床37安装在钢制底板18上，因此钢制底板18倾角的改变将改变模拟沟床37的沟床梯度，从而实现在不同沟床梯度工况下的泥石流溃坝模拟实验。Because one end of the steel base plate 18 is fixed, when the unfixed other end of the steel base plate 18 is raised and lowered by the lifting device, the steel base plate 18 can be tilted to have a certain inclination angle, so that the steel base plate 18 can be broken. The dam simulation device has a certain inclination angle during the debris flow dam failure simulation process. Change the lifting height of the lifting device, the inclination angle of the steel base plate 18 will also change, because the simulated trench bed 37 is installed on the steel base plate 18, so the change of the steel base plate 18 inclination angle will change the ditch bed gradient of the simulated trench bed 37, So as to realize the simulation experiment of debris flow dam failure under different ditch bed gradient conditions.
所述清洗回收装置包括回收挡板23、清洗水管开关34、清洗水管35、水泵36、喷头38、清洗支架19和回收水槽44，如图5所示，所述清洗水管35通过清洗支架19固定在模拟沟床37的正上方，清洗水管35上排列有多个喷头38，清洗水管35与水泵36相连，水流从喷头38流出后可以不断冲刷模拟沟床37上因实验结束后留下的泥石流浆体，从而清洗模拟沟床37。水流经过水泵36加压，具有一定压力，经过喷头38喷出时可具有一定的雨强，增加清洗模拟沟床37的效果。清洗水管35上还设有清洗水管开关34，清洗水管开关34可以控制水流的接通和关闭。所述回收挡板23位于泥石流堆积体41的两侧，回收挡板23的末端设有回收水槽44。在清洗过程中回收挡板23可以防止清洗的水流和泥浆向四周流出，不利于回收。最终清洗的水流和泥浆全部流入回收水槽44，可以实现样品的再回收和避免流入地表，污染环境。The cleaning and recovery device comprises a recovery baffle 23, a cleaning water pipe switch 34, a cleaning water pipe 35, a water pump 36, a nozzle 38, a cleaning support 19 and a recovery water tank 44. As shown in Figure 5, the cleaning water pipe 35 is fixed by the cleaning support 19 Directly above the simulated ditch bed 37, a plurality of nozzles 38 are arranged on the cleaning water pipe 35, and the cleaning water pipe 35 is connected to the water pump 36. After the water flows out from the nozzles 38, it can continuously wash away the debris flow left behind on the simulated ditch bed 37 due to the end of the experiment. slurry, thereby cleaning the simulated trench bed 37. The water flow is pressurized by the water pump 36 and has a certain pressure, and can have a certain rain intensity when sprayed through the nozzle 38, which increases the effect of cleaning the simulated ditch bed 37. The cleaning water pipe 35 is also provided with a cleaning water pipe switch 34, and the cleaning water pipe switch 34 can control the switching on and off of the water flow. The recovery baffle 23 is located on both sides of the debris flow accumulation body 41 , and a recovery water tank 44 is provided at the end of the recovery baffle 23 . During the cleaning process, the recycling baffle 23 can prevent the cleaning water and mud from flowing out to the surroundings, which is unfavorable for recycling. The final cleaning water and mud all flow into the recovery water tank 44, which can realize the recovery of samples and avoid flowing into the surface and polluting the environment.
如图1-2所示，回收挡板23设置成弧线形，两侧的回收挡板23形成一个壶形，即其中部尺寸最大，两端的开口处尺寸略小，与回收水槽44连接的开口尺寸小于与模拟沟床37连接的开口尺寸，这样可以有效的将泥石流堆积体41围挡起来，当对模拟沟床37冲洗时，流出的水流和泥浆可以顺着回收挡板23的弧线被引导至回收水槽44。As shown in Figure 1-2, the recovery baffle 23 is arranged in an arc shape, and the recovery baffles 23 on both sides form a pot shape, that is, the size of the middle part is the largest, and the openings at both ends are slightly smaller in size. The opening size is smaller than the opening size connected with the simulated trench bed 37, so that the debris flow accumulation body 41 can be effectively enclosed, and when the simulated trench bed 37 is washed, the outflowing water flow and mud can follow the arc of the recovery baffle 23 is directed to the recovery tank 44.
利用本装置进行泥石流溃坝模拟实验的具体操作如下：The specific operation of using this device to carry out the simulation experiment of debris flow dam failure is as follows:
1、将一定质量M的泥石流堆积体样品放在样品盛放盒5里，其中泥石流堆积体样品是从泥石流发生地采集的泥石流堆积体，打开运输电机2开关，让输送带运转，然后样品将通过传动带Ⅰ3输送到传动带Ⅱ6，然后输送至搅拌器28。1. Put a sample of debris flow accumulation with a certain mass M in the sample holding box 5, wherein the sample of debris flow accumulation is the debris flow accumulation collected from the place where the debris flow occurs, turn on the switch of the transport motor 2, let the conveyor belt run, and then the sample will It is transported to the transmission belt II6 through the transmission belt I3, and then to the agitator 28.
2、在水槽8内注入一定体积V的水量，然后打开搅拌进水开关25，水流将从水槽8内通过进水管7流入搅拌器28中，然后打开搅拌电机10开关，搅拌叶片27将转动起来，不断对泥水混合物搅拌。2. Inject a certain volume V of water into the water tank 8, and then turn on the agitating water inlet switch 25, the water flow will flow from the water tank 8 through the water inlet pipe 7 into the agitator 28, then turn on the switch of the agitating motor 10, and the agitating blade 27 will rotate , constantly stirring the mud-water mixture.
3、将孔隙水压力探头49和应力传感器50分别在模拟沟床37上相应位置安装好，然后将模拟沟床37在钢制底板18上安装好。调整液压升降机Ⅱ20和液压升降机Ⅰ16的高度，将钢制底板18角度调整至实验所需角度α。检查并调试孔隙水压力探头49、应力传感器50、高速摄像机Ⅰ40、高速摄像机Ⅱ24、高速摄像机Ⅲ42和数据处理计算机22等的连通是否正常，保证数据的正常采集。打开高速摄像机Ⅰ40、高速摄像机Ⅱ24、高速摄像机Ⅲ42和数据处理计算机22，查看并保证数据采集正常。3. Install the pore water pressure probe 49 and the stress sensor 50 at corresponding positions on the simulated trench bed 37 , and then install the simulated trench bed 37 on the steel base plate 18 . Adjust the height of the hydraulic lift II20 and the hydraulic lift I16, and adjust the angle of the steel base plate 18 to the angle α required for the experiment. Check and debug whether the connection between the pore water pressure probe 49, the stress sensor 50, the high-speed camera I40, the high-speed camera II24, the high-speed camera III42 and the data processing computer 22 is normal, so as to ensure the normal collection of data. Turn on the high-speed camera I40, the high-speed camera II24, the high-speed camera III42 and the data processing computer 22, check and ensure that the data collection is normal.
4、当搅拌器28中泥石流浆体搅拌均匀后，将泥石流浆体通过泥石流浆体排放管29排入泥石流浆体盛放槽13中，当浆体全部流入泥石流浆体盛放槽13中后，通过控制手柄15将活动门14提起，将泥石流浆体盛放槽13内的泥石流浆体释放，从而进行泥石流溃坝模拟实验。泥石流浆体释放后，将经历高速流动并逐渐停止流动，然后堆积。打开三维激光扫描仪43对泥石流最终堆积形态进行扫描并处理。查看数据处理计算机22采集的数据，并进行编号保存。4. After the mud-rock flow slurry is stirred evenly in the mixer 28, the mud-rock flow slurry is discharged into the mud-rock flow slurry holding tank 13 through the mud-rock flow slurry discharge pipe 29, and when all the mud-rock flow slurry flows into the mud-rock flow slurry holding tank 13 The dodge door 14 is lifted through the control handle 15, and the debris flow slurry in the debris flow slurry holding tank 13 is released, so as to carry out the simulation experiment of debris flow dam failure. After the mud-rock flow slurry is released, it will experience high-speed flow and gradually stop flowing, and then accumulate. Turn on the three-dimensional laser scanner 43 to scan and process the final accumulation form of the debris flow. View the data collected by the data processing computer 22, and store the numbers.
5、打开清洗水管开关34，水流经过水泵36加压后，具有一定压力并从喷头38喷出，在水流的不断冲刷作用下，模拟沟床37上的残余泥石流浆体将被清洗干净，并流至回收水槽44中进行回收。5. Turn on the cleaning water pipe switch 34. After the water flow is pressurized by the water pump 36, it will be sprayed out from the nozzle 38 with a certain pressure. Under the continuous scouring effect of the water flow, the residual mud-rock flow slurry on the simulated ditch bed 37 will be cleaned and removed. Flow to recovery tank 44 for recovery.
6、实验结束后，进行数据保存并处理，然后分析。6. After the experiment, save and process the data, and then analyze it.
当进行不同梯度的模拟实验时，保证模拟沟床的粗糙度不变，唯一的变量为沟床梯度，即钢制底板18的角度α。重复上述实验步骤1~5，分别进行3组不同沟床梯度下的泥石流溃坝模拟实验，沟床梯度大小为α1<α2<α3，沟床选择Ⅰ号模拟沟床52，实验中保证每次实验样品质量M和供水体积V不变。同理当进行不同沟床粗糙度的模拟实验时，保证沟床的梯度α不变，唯一的变量是模拟沟床粗糙度。重复上述上述实验步骤1~5，分别更换模拟沟床37进行泥石流溃坝模拟实验，依次为如图3所示的模拟沟床Ⅰ52，模拟沟床Ⅱ53和模拟沟床Ⅲ54，实验中保证每次实验样品质量M和供水体积V不变，模拟沟床Ⅰ52，模拟沟床Ⅱ53和模拟沟床Ⅲ54的沟床表面分别有用混凝土61安装有不同粒径的鹅卵石62，三种模拟沟床的鹅卵石62除了粒径不一样外，其他的安装过程均保持一致。三种模拟沟床表面不同粒径的鹅卵石62分别代表不同的沟床表面粗糙度，三种模拟沟床表面安装鹅卵石62的粒径大小为：模拟沟床表面Ⅰ55<模拟沟床表面Ⅱ56<模拟沟床表面57，因此三种模拟沟床表面的粗糙度大小分别为：模拟沟床表面Ⅰ55<模拟沟床表面Ⅱ56<模拟沟床表面Ⅲ57。When performing simulation experiments with different gradients, the roughness of the simulated trench bed is guaranteed to remain unchanged, and the only variable is the gradient of the trench bed, that is, the angle α of the steel bottom plate 18 . Repeat the above experimental steps 1 to 5, and carry out three groups of debris flow dam failure simulation experiments under different ditch bed gradients. The size of the ditch bed gradient is α 1 <α 2 <α 3 . Ensure that the sample mass M and water supply volume V remain unchanged for each experiment. Similarly, when conducting simulation experiments with different roughness of the trench bed, the gradient α of the trench bed is guaranteed to be constant, and the only variable is the roughness of the simulated trench bed. Repeat the above-mentioned experimental steps 1~5, respectively replace the simulated trench bed 37 to carry out the simulation experiment of debris flow dam failure, followed by simulated trench bed I52, simulated trench bed II53 and simulated trench bed III54 as shown in Figure 3. The mass M of the experimental sample and the volume V of the water supply remain unchanged. The surface of the simulated trench bed Ⅰ52, the simulated trench bed Ⅱ53 and the simulated trench bed Ⅲ54 are respectively equipped with concrete 61 and pebbles 62 of different particle sizes, and pebbles 62 of three kinds of simulated trench beds. Except for the difference in particle size, the other installation processes remain the same. The pebbles 62 with different particle sizes on the surface of the three simulated trench beds represent different surface roughnesses of the trench bed. The particle sizes of the cobblestones 62 installed on the surface of the three simulated trench beds are: simulated trench bed surface Ⅰ55<simulated trench bed surface Ⅱ56<simulated The surface of the trench bed is 57, so the roughness of the three simulated trench bed surfaces is respectively: simulated trench bed surface I55<simulated trench bed surface II56<simulated trench bed surface III57.
上面结合附图对本发明的具体实施例作了详细说明，但是本发明并不限于上述实施例，在本领域普通技术人员所具备的知识范围内，还可以在不脱离本发明宗旨的前提下作出各种变化。The specific embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments, and can also be made without departing from the gist of the present invention within the scope of knowledge possessed by those of ordinary skill in the art. Variations.
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| CN110082067A (en) * | 2019-05-31 | 2019-08-02 | 四川大学 | A kind of mud-rock flow sedimentation in alluvial channel of landslide slot model test apparatus |
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| CN112304566A (en) * | 2020-10-29 | 2021-02-02 | 西南科技大学 | A three-dimensional arbitrary shape debris flow trench simulation experimental system and experimental method |
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| CN114152405A (en) * | 2021-10-26 | 2022-03-08 | 同济大学 | Debris flow simulation test device |
| CN114019111A (en) * | 2021-11-18 | 2022-02-08 | 昆明理工大学 | A simulation experiment device for safe distance measurement of dam-break tailings scouring |
| CN114061903A (en) * | 2022-01-18 | 2022-02-18 | 中国地质大学（武汉） | Simulation test device and simulation test method for debris flow impacting variable slope channel |
| CN115097102B (en) * | 2022-06-20 | 2023-02-28 | 西南交通大学 | Simulation test device and method for debris flow cascade collapse blocking amplification effect |
| CN115097102A (en) * | 2022-06-20 | 2022-09-23 | 西南交通大学 | Simulation test device and method for debris flow cascade collapse blocking amplification effect |
| CN115662257B (en) * | 2022-12-26 | 2023-04-07 | 中国科学院、水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所 | Post-earthquake riverway evolution simulation test device |
| CN115662257A (en) * | 2022-12-26 | 2023-01-31 | 中国科学院、水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所 | Post-earthquake riverway evolution simulation test device |
| CN115965760A (en) * | 2023-03-15 | 2023-04-14 | 成都理工大学 | A Debris Flow Alluvial Simulation Experiment Deposit Surface Reconstruction System |
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