CN114057710A - 一种具有抗肿瘤活性的水飞蓟宾化学修饰物及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种具有抗肿瘤活性的水飞蓟宾化学修饰物及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN114057710A
CN114057710A CN202111522812.9A CN202111522812A CN114057710A CN 114057710 A CN114057710 A CN 114057710A CN 202111522812 A CN202111522812 A CN 202111522812A CN 114057710 A CN114057710 A CN 114057710A
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silybin
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pentaacetic acid
silibinin
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孟艳秋
刘家越
李学城
霍荣迪
赵风菊
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Shenyang University of Chemical Technology
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Abstract

一种具有抗肿瘤活性的水飞蓟宾化学修饰物及其制备方法,涉及一种对天然产物的结构改造制备抗肿瘤活性修饰物,本发明通过对天然产物水飞蓟宾的化学结构改造及修饰,得到一系列的具有抗肿瘤活性的结构类似物。本发明在水飞蓟宾的结构基础上,首先将羟基乙酰化,生成3,5,7,20,23‑五乙酸水飞蓟宾酯,随后C‑4位羰基与盐酸羟胺成为肟,再还原为氨基,最后在C‑4位氨基分别引入不同的酰基改造成为相应的酰胺,得到一系列化学修饰物物I1~I11。经研究表明,此类化合物对人体乳腺癌细胞(MCF‑7)和肝癌细胞(HepG‑2)具有很好的抑制活性。其中水飞蓟宾衍生物的结构如下所示:

Description

一种具有抗肿瘤活性的水飞蓟宾化学修饰物及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种对天然产物改造制备抗肿瘤活性修饰物,特别是涉及一种具有抗肿瘤活性的水飞蓟宾化学修饰物及其制备方法。
背景技术
水飞蓟宾(Silybin)是从植物水飞蓟种子中提取的一种黄酮木脂素,由两种非对映异构体水飞蓟宾A和水飞蓟宾B构成等比例混合组成。
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
分子式:C25H22O10,分子量:482.436。熔点:164-174℃,密度:1.527g/cm3。水飞蓟宾纯品为类白色结晶粉末,无臭、味微苦涩,有引湿性。易溶于丙酮、乙酸乙酯、甲醇、乙醇,略溶于氯仿,几乎不溶于水。水飞蓟宾有良好的护肝作用,临床上用于治疗急慢性肝炎、肝硬化和肝中毒等病。近年来研究表明,水飞蓟宾具有抗氧化,抗炎,抗肿瘤等多种生物活性。水飞蓟宾对前列腺癌细胞、乳腺癌细胞、宫颈癌细胞、结肠癌细胞,以及肝癌细胞等多种肿瘤细胞具有抑制作用。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种具有抗肿瘤活性的水飞蓟宾化学修饰物及其制备方法,本发明以水飞蓟宾为先导化合物,设计出一系列水飞蓟宾的化学修饰物,该类化合物对人体乳腺癌细胞(MCF-7)和人肝癌细胞(HepG-2)具有良好的抑制活性。
本发明的目的是通过以下技术方案实现的:
一种具有抗肿瘤活性的水飞蓟宾化学修饰物,所述修饰物为对C-4位羰基的结构改造,得到一系列水飞蓟宾类似物I1~I11,所述水飞蓟宾化学修饰物如下:
Figure 159298DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
C-4位氨基引入基团R如下表所示:
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
一种具有抗肿瘤活性的水飞蓟宾化学修饰物制备方法,所述方法包括以下制备步骤:
(1)水飞蓟宾与乙酸酐反应得到3,5,7,20,23-五乙酸水飞蓟宾酯;
(2)3,5,7,20,23-五乙酸水飞蓟宾酯与盐酸羟胺反应得到4-羟肟-3,5,7,20,23-五乙酸水飞蓟宾酯;
(3)将4-羟肟-3,5,7,20,23-五乙酸水飞蓟宾酯与硼氢化钠和乙酸铵反应,得到4-氨基-3,5,7,20,23-五乙酸水飞蓟宾酯;
(4)将4-氨基-3,5,7,20,23-五乙酸水飞蓟宾酯与不同的酰氯反应生成相应的酰胺,得到衍生物I1~I11
本发明的优点与积极效果是:
本发明通过对天然产物水飞蓟宾的化学结构改造及修饰,得到一系列的具有抗肿瘤活性的结构类似物。本发明在水飞蓟宾的结构基础上,首先将羟基乙酰化,生成3,5,7,20,23-五乙酸水飞蓟宾酯,随后C-4位羰基与盐酸羟胺成为肟,再还原为氨基,最后在C-4位氨基分别引入不同的酰基改造成为相应的酰胺,得到一系列化学修饰物物I1~I11。经研究表明,此类化合物对人体乳腺癌细胞(MCF-7)和肝癌细胞(HepG-2)具有很好的抑制活性。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明进行详细说明。
1.水飞蓟种粕以正己烷预脱脂后,以无水乙醇作为提取溶剂,加热溶解,活性炭脱色,滤液放置析出白色结晶,乙酸乙酯-甲醇重结晶得水飞蓟宾。
2.以水飞蓟宾为原料,吡啶作溶剂,在冰浴条件下滴加乙酸酐,用DMAP催化,反应数小时后,加入乙酸乙酯,用5%HCl溶液萃取,有机相用无水硫酸钠干燥,过夜抽滤,减压旋干溶剂得粗品,粗品经硅胶柱色谱纯化,得到3,5,7,20,23-五乙酸水飞蓟宾酯。
Figure 889488DEST_PATH_IMAGE004
3.水飞蓟宾全乙酰化后,将3,5,7,20,23-五乙酸水飞蓟宾酯溶于吡啶中,加入盐酸羟胺,加热回流数小时,TLC检测反应终点,反应结束后,加入乙酸乙酯,用5%HCl溶液萃取,有机相用无水硫酸钠干燥,抽滤,减压旋干溶剂得粗品,粗品经硅胶柱色谱纯化,得到4-羟肟-3,5,7,20,23-五乙酸水飞蓟宾酯。
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE005
4.将得到的4-羟肟-3,5,7,20,23-五乙酸水飞蓟宾酯溶于甲醇,冰浴条件下加入硼氢化钠与乙酸铵,反应数小时,TLC检测反应终点,反应结束,用5%NaOH溶液调节到pH,加入乙酸乙酯,用饱和食盐水萃取,有机相用无水硫酸钠干燥,抽滤,减压旋干溶剂。粗品用硅胶柱色谱纯化得到4-氨基-3,5,7,20,23-五乙酸水飞蓟宾酯。
Figure 544591DEST_PATH_IMAGE006
5.将4-氨基-3,5,7,20,23-五乙酸水飞蓟宾酯溶于二氯甲烷,用三乙胺调节pH至碱性,加入相应的酰氯,室温搅拌反应数小时,用5%HCl溶液和饱和食盐水洗涤。收集有机相,加入无水硫酸钠干燥,抽滤,减压回收溶剂,粗品用硅胶柱色谱纯化,得到目标化合物I1~I11
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE007
其中R为邻甲基苯甲酰基、对氟苯甲酰基酰基、对氯苯甲酰基、间氯苯甲酰基、对甲氧基苯甲酰基、对硝基苯甲酰基、2,4-二氯苯甲酰基、环丙基甲酰基、环己基甲酰基、正丁酰基、正己酰基。
Figure 2117DEST_PATH_IMAGE008
以Abemaciclib为阳性对照物,采取MTT法,对水飞蓟宾及其所合成的化合物进行初步的体外抗肿瘤活性检测。研究表明所合成的化合物对人体宫乳腺癌细胞(MCF-7)和人肝癌细胞(HepG-2)具有一定的抑制作用,化合物结构以及体外实验结果如下表:
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE009
注:a.化合物浓度在10 μM时测得的抑制率。b. IC50表示半数有效抑制浓度。
以MCF-7乳腺癌细胞、HepG2人肝癌细胞为靶细胞,采用MTT法对合成的水飞蓟宾衍生物进行生物活性测试,结果表明,水飞蓟宾衍生物对MCF-7乳腺癌细胞、HepG2人肝癌细胞表现出一定的抑制活性,且抑制活性显著高于母体水飞蓟宾。对乳腺癌MCF-7细胞的抑制活性高于肝癌细胞。其中I2、I3对MCF-7乳腺癌细胞生长抑制活性最好,且化合物I2对MCF-7乳腺癌细胞抑制活性与阳性对照药Abemaciclib相接近,说明酰胺基团的引入有利于显著提升抗癌活性。
下面结合实例对本发明进一步说明
实施例1
3,5,7,20,23-五乙酸水飞蓟宾酯的合成:
将水飞蓟宾(0.4820 g, 1 mmol)溶于吡啶中,吡啶除水处理,在冰浴条件下搅拌滴加乙酸酐(4.72 ml, 50 mmol),之后加入DMAP(0.0700 g, 0.57 mmol)。0℃条件下搅拌反应0.5 h后转室温搅拌反应3 h。反应结束后,加入乙酸乙酯,用5% HCl溶液萃取,有机相用无水硫酸钠、无水硫酸镁干燥,过夜抽滤,减压旋干溶剂得粗品,粗品经硅胶柱色谱纯化,洗脱剂为二氯甲烷-丙酮-冰醋酸(80: 1: 0.1),得到0.4298 g黄色粉末状固体3,5,7,20,23-五乙酸水飞蓟宾酯,产率89.17%, m.p.222.3~223.6℃。
实施例2
4-羟肟-3,5,7,20,23-五乙酸水飞蓟宾酯的合成:
将3,5,7,20,23-五乙酸水飞蓟宾酯(0.7700 g,1 mmol)溶于吡啶中,加入盐酸羟胺(0.3128g,4.5mmol),50℃下回流4h,TLC检测反应终点。反应结束后,加入乙酸乙酯,用5%HCl溶液萃取,有机相用无水硫酸钠干燥,抽滤,减压旋干溶剂得粗品,粗品经硅胶柱色谱纯化,洗脱剂为二氯甲烷-丙酮-冰醋酸(60:1:0.1),得到0.6650 g黄色粉末状固体4-羟肟-3,5,7,20,23-五乙酸水飞蓟宾酯,产率86.36%,m.p.221.3~222.4℃。
实施例3
4-氨基-3,5,7,20,23-五乙酸水飞蓟宾酯的合成:
将4-羟肟-3,5,7,20,23-五乙酸水飞蓟宾酯(0.7850 g,1 mmol)与乙酸铵(0.8855g,11.5 mmol)溶于甲醇中,在冰浴条件下加入硼氢化钠(0.1135 g,3 mmol),反应4 h,转室温反应6 h,TLC检测反应终点。反应结束,用5%NaOH溶液调节到PH=10,加入乙酸乙酯,用饱和食盐水萃取,有机相用无水硫酸钠干燥,抽滤,减压旋干溶剂。粗品用硅胶柱色谱纯化,洗脱剂为二氯甲烷-丙酮-冰醋酸(20:1:0.1),得到4-氨基-3,5,7,20,23-五乙酸水飞蓟宾酯。1HNMR (300HMz,DMSO) δ 8.74 (s, 2H, 4-NH), 7.26 (d, 1H, J = 8.3 Hz, H-21), 7.06(d, 1H, J = 2.6 Hz, H-13), 7.04(d, 1H, J = 2.0 Hz, H-18), 7.01 (dd, 1H, J =8.9 Hz, J = 2.6 Hz, H-15), 6.99 (dd, 1H, J = 8.3 Hz, J = 2.0 Hz, H-22), 6.89(d, 1H, J = 8.9 Hz, H-16), 6.79 (d, 1H, J = 2.6 Hz, H-8), 6.65 (d, 1H, J =2.6 Hz, H-6), 5.90 (dd, 1H, J = 11.7 Hz, J = 4.3 Hz, H-3), 5.49 (d, 1H, J =11.7 Hz, H-2), 5.41 (d, 1H, J = 7.7 Hz, H-11), 5.21 (m, 1H, H-10), 4.65 (dd,1H, J = 4.4 Hz, J = 1.9 Hz, H-23), 4.44 (d, 1H, J = 4.4 Hz, H-4), 4.33 (d,1H, J = 1.9 Hz, H-23), 3.82 (s, 3H, CH3), 2.30 (s, 3H, CH3), 2.27 (s, 3H,CH3), 2.05 (s, 3H, CH3), 2.01 (s, H, CH3).
实施例4
化合物I2:4-对氟苯甲酰胺-3,5,7,20,23-五乙酸水飞蓟宾酯的合成:
将4-氨基-3,5,7,20,23-五乙酸水飞蓟宾酯 (0.3465 g, 0.5 mmol)溶于15 ml二氯甲烷中,用三乙胺调节至pH=9,加入对氟苯甲酰氯100 μl,室温搅拌反应18 h。反应结束,用5% HCl溶液洗一遍,饱和食盐水洗两遍。收集有机相,加入无水硫酸钠干燥,抽滤,减压旋干溶剂,粗品用硅胶柱色谱纯化,洗脱剂为二氯甲烷-丙酮(60: 1),反应经一系列后处理,得到0.1966 g黄色粉末化合物I2:4-对氟酰胺-3,5,7,20,23-五乙酸水飞蓟宾酯,产率56.73%, m.p.213.3~214.9℃。1H NMR (DMSO) δ 8.89 (s, 1H, 4-NH), 8.13 (m, 2H, H-2'/6'), 7.32 (m, 2H, H-3'/5'), 7.15 (d, 1H, J = 8.2 Hz, H-21), 7.07 (d, 1H, J= 1.8 Hz, H-18), 7.03 (td, 1H, J = 8.6 Hz, J = 2.2 Hz, H-15), 7.00 (dd, 1H, J= 8.2 Hz, J = 1.9 Hz, H-22), 6.90 (d, 1H, J = 8.6 Hz, H-16), 6.73 (d, 1H, J =2.2 Hz, H-13), 6.72 (d, 1H, J = 2.0 Hz, H-8), 6.67 (d, 1H, J = 2.0 Hz, H-6),6.59 (dd, 1H, J = 12.0 Hz, J = 4.7 Hz, H-3), 5.46 (d, 1H, J = 12.0 Hz, H-2),5.41 (d, 1H, J = 7.8 Hz, H-11), 5.38 (d, 1H, J = 4.7 Hz, H-4), 5.09 (dd, 1H,J = 7.8 Hz, J = 2.6 Hz, H-10), 4.60 (dd, 1H, J = 4.8 Hz, J = 2.6 Hz, H-23),4.30 (d, 1H, J = 4.8 Hz, H-23), 3.82 (s, 3H, 19-OCH3), 2.46 (s, 3H, CH3), 2.34(s, 3H, CH3), 2.29 (s, 3H, CH3), 2.15 (s, 3H, CH3), 2.13 (s, 3H, CH3).
实施例5
化合物I3:4-对氯苯甲酰胺-3, 5, 7, 20, 23-五乙酸水飞蓟宾酯的合成:
将4-氨基-3,5,7,20,23-五乙酸水飞蓟宾酯 (0.3465 g, 0.5 mmol)溶于15 ml二氯甲烷中,用三乙胺调节至pH=9,加入对氯苯甲酰氯100 μl,室温搅拌反应20 h,待反应结束,用5% HCl溶液洗一遍,饱和食盐水洗两遍。收集有机相,加入无水硫酸钠干燥,抽滤,减压旋干溶剂,粗品用硅胶柱色谱纯化,反应经一系列后处理,得到0.1843 g淡黄色粉末化合物I3:4-对氯苯甲酰胺-3, 5, 7, 20, 23-五乙酸水飞蓟宾酯,产率 53.2%,m.p.221.3~223.0℃。1H NMR (DMSO) δ 8.89 (s, 1H, 4-NH), 7.85 (m, 2H, H-2'/6'), 7.57 (m,2H, H-3'/5'), 7.15 (d, 1H, J = 7.9 Hz, H-21), 7.07 (d, 1H, J = 2.2 Hz, H-22),7.04 (d, 1H, J = 2.2 Hz, H-18), 7.00 (d, 1H, J = 2.6 Hz, H-13), 6.97 (dd, J =8.8 Hz, J = 2.6 Hz, H-15), 6.91 (d, 1H, J = 8.8 Hz, H-16), 6.84 (d, 1H, J =2.5 Hz, H-8), 6.67 (d, 1H, J = 2.5 Hz, H-6), 6.50 (dd, 1H, J = 12.7 Hz, J =4.9 Hz, H-3), 5.50 (d, 1H, J = 12.7 Hz, H-2), 5.41 (d, 1H, J = 7.7 Hz, H-4),5.38 (d, 1H, J = 4.9 Hz, H-4), 5.09 (dd, 1H, J = 7.7 Hz, J = 2.3 Hz, H-10),4.65 (dd, 1H, J = 4.8 Hz, J = 2.3 Hz, H-23), 4.38 (d, 1H, J = 4.8 Hz, H-23),3.91 (s, 3H, 19-OCH3), 2.46 (s, 3H, CH3), 2.36 (s, 3H, CH3), 2.32 (s, 3H,CH3), 2.01 (s, 3H, CH3), 1.99 (s, 3H, CH3)。

Claims (2)

1.一种具有抗肿瘤活性的水飞蓟宾化学修饰物,其特征在于,所述修饰物为对C-4位羰基的结构改造,得到一系列水飞蓟宾类似物I1~I11,所述水飞蓟宾化学修饰物如下:
Figure 954922DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
C-4位氨基引入基团R如下表所示:
Figure 623801DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
2.一种具有抗肿瘤活性的水飞蓟宾化学修饰物制备方法,其特征在于,所述方法包括以下制备步骤:
(1)水飞蓟宾与乙酸酐反应得到3,5,7,20,23-五乙酸水飞蓟宾酯;
(2)3,5,7,20,23-五乙酸水飞蓟宾酯与盐酸羟胺反应得到4-羟肟-3,5,7,20,23-五乙酸水飞蓟宾酯;
(3)将4-羟肟-3,5,7,20,23-五乙酸水飞蓟宾酯与硼氢化钠和乙酸铵反应,得到4-氨基-3,5,7,20,23-五乙酸水飞蓟宾酯;
(4)将4-氨基-3,5,7,20,23-五乙酸水飞蓟宾酯与不同的酰氯反应生成相应的酰胺,得到衍生物I1~I11
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