CN114057516A - Method for preventing and treating insect pests by composting fallen leaves and waste branches of large-leaf peach blossom heartwood - Google Patents

Method for preventing and treating insect pests by composting fallen leaves and waste branches of large-leaf peach blossom heartwood Download PDF

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CN114057516A
CN114057516A CN202111429421.2A CN202111429421A CN114057516A CN 114057516 A CN114057516 A CN 114057516A CN 202111429421 A CN202111429421 A CN 202111429421A CN 114057516 A CN114057516 A CN 114057516A
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composting
leaf
heartwood
waste
peach blossom
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CN114057516B (en
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王旭
马王睿
董孜琦
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Hainan University
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
    • C05D9/00—Other inorganic fertilisers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
    • C05F17/50—Treatments combining two or more different biological or biochemical treatments, e.g. anaerobic and aerobic treatment or vermicomposting and aerobic treatment
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
    • C05G3/60—Biocides or preservatives, e.g. disinfectants, pesticides or herbicides; Pest repellants or attractants
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
  • Plant Pathology (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • Biotechnology (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Microbiology (AREA)
  • Fertilizers (AREA)
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Abstract

The invention provides a method for preventing and controlling insect pests by composting fallen leaf waste branches of large-leaf peach blossom heartwood, which comprises the following steps: (1) mixing fallen leaf waste branches of the large-leaf peach blossom heartwood, biochar and kitchen waste to serve as composting raw materials; (2) pretreating the compost raw materials to enable the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the raw materials to be 25-35; (3) feeding the pretreated raw materials into a fermentation tank for composting fermentation, and completing primary fermentation in an intermittent aeration mode, wherein the pile turning frequency is 3-5 d/time; then, continuously adopting an intermittent aeration mode to carry out secondary fermentation, wherein the pile turning frequency is 6-7 d/time; obtaining a fertilizer; (4) applying the fertilizer to soil. The method carries out two-stage composting treatment on the discarded branches and leaves of the large-leaf peach blossom heartwood to obtain the organic fertilizer, thereby not only utilizing waste, but also killing soil pests.

Description

Method for preventing and treating insect pests by composting fallen leaves and waste branches of large-leaf peach blossom heartwood
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of organic fertilizer production and the technical field of crop pest control, in particular to a method for preventing and treating pests by composting fallen leaf and waste branch of large-leaf peach blossom heartwood.
Background
The prior pesticide is faced with the problems of rising resistance, being unsafe to people and livestock, polluting environment and the like. Meanwhile, the mahogany rosewood is widely planted in the south of China and has the available value of wood, a large amount of branch and leaf waste is trimmed every year, and the treatment of the branch and leaf waste becomes a difficult problem. Mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla) is a perennial deciduous tree of the genus mahogany (Swietenia) of the family mahogany subfamily of the family Meliaceae (Meliaceae), native to central and south America, and widely distributed in Western India, Malaya and south China. Due to the antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antimutagenic, anticancer, antitumor and antidiabetic medicinal activity of mahogany, its fruits and seeds are used for folk treatment of various diseases in many asian countries.
The large-leaf mahogany has less research on agricultural activity, and has no related report on the fertilizer application and pest control of fallen leaves and waste branches. Related researches mainly relate to the repelling or contact killing activity of the extract on pests such as Tetranychus urticae Koch and Diaphycus lactuca, for example, Liuqie and the like indicate that the extract of the heartwood of the peach blossom has the repelling effect on the Tetranychus urticae Koch. Zhanghong and the like research the insecticidal activity of the mahogany pollen essential oil on 4 field pests, and the results show that the mahogany pollen essential oil has good contact killing activity on asparagus lettuce finger tube aphids (Uroleucon formosanum), has good repellent activity on maize elephants (Sitophilus zeamais), but has lower contact killing activity on cotton aphids (Aphis gossypii) and feeding repellency activity on 3-year-old prodenia litura (Spodoptera litura).
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a method for preventing and controlling insect pests by composting fallen leaves and waste branches of large-leaf peach blossom heartwood.
The technical scheme of the invention mainly comprises the following contents:
a method for preventing and controlling insect pests by composting fallen leaves and waste branches of large-leaf peach blossom heartwood comprises the following steps:
(1) mixing fallen leaf waste branches of the large-leaf peach blossom heartwood, biochar and kitchen waste to serve as composting raw materials;
(2) pretreating the compost raw materials to enable the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the raw materials to be 25-35;
(3) feeding the pretreated raw materials into a fermentation tank for composting fermentation, and completing primary fermentation in an intermittent aeration mode, wherein the pile turning frequency is 3-5 d/time; then, continuously adopting an intermittent aeration mode to carry out secondary fermentation, wherein the pile turning frequency is 6-7 d/time; obtaining a fertilizer;
(4) applying the fertilizer to soil.
The fertilizer obtained by the invention can be used for the purpose of providing nutrients for plants and/or for the purpose of pest control. Can be used as a base fertilizer or an additional fertilizer. The amount of the fertilizer is not particularly limited, and can be added according to the insect pest degree, the soil fertility degree and the nutrient requirement of plants.
Preferably, the pretreatment comprises crushing, uniformly mixing, adjusting the pH value, adjusting the water content and adjusting the carbon-nitrogen ratio;
preferably, the crushing and uniformly mixing means crushing the components to the particle size of 5-7 mm and then uniformly mixing; the pH value adjustment refers to adjusting the pH value of the composting raw material to 7.5-8.5 by using 1-3 wt% of sodium hydroxide solution; the water content adjustment means that water is added or removed to enable the water content of the compost raw material to be 55-65 wt%; the carbon-nitrogen ratio adjustment means that fallen leaf waste branches of the large-leaf peach blossom heartwood and biochar are mixed in proportion, and kitchen waste is added to enable the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the compost raw material to be 25-35.
Preferably, in the compost raw materials, the mass ratio of fallen leaf waste branches of the large-leaf peach blossom heartwood to the biochar is 6-7: 1.
Preferably, the intermittent aeration mode is aeration for 5-6 min and aeration stop for 15-20 min, and the aeration rate is set to be 4-5 L.min at a low temperature-1And high temperature period of 6-10 L.min-1。
Preferably, the low-temperature period refers to the temperature of the stack body being lower than 50 ℃, and the high-temperature period refers to the temperature of the stack body being more than or equal to 50 ℃.
Preferably, the primary fermentation time is 12-15 days.
Preferably, the secondary fermentation time is 10-15 days.
Preferably, the biochar is prepared by pyrolysis of household garbage or plant rhizomes.
Preferably, the insects include termites.
The fallen waste branches of the mahogany in the invention comprise naturally fallen branches and leaves or branches and leaves broken under the action of external force. Also can be called as the peach blossom heartwood waste.
The invention has the following effects:
the invention mixes the waste branches of big-leaf peach blossom heartwood fallen leaves with charcoal and kitchen garbage for composting. The nitrogen content, carbon-nitrogen ratio, water content and the like of the kitchen waste are complementary with the characteristics of the large-leaf peach blossom heartwood waste, and the compost substrate carbon-nitrogen ratio is adjusted to be 25-35, and the water content is adjusted to be 60% in the best state. Adding the biochar to optimize the composting process, improve the product quality and promote the harmless degree of the composting product. Two-stage composting technology is adopted to carry out intermittent aeration twice, so that the composting efficiency is effectively improved.
The fertilizer obtained by the invention has good control effect on pests such as termites.
Detailed Description
In order to better understand the technical content of the invention, specific examples are provided below to further illustrate the invention.
Example 1: method for producing fertilizer by using fallen leaf waste branches of large-leaf peach blossom heartwood as raw material
(1) Mixing fallen leaf waste branches of the large-leaf peach blossom heartwood, biochar and kitchen waste to serve as composting raw materials;
(2) pretreating compost raw materials, wherein the pretreatment comprises crushing, uniformly mixing, adjusting the pH value, adjusting the water content and adjusting the carbon-nitrogen ratio. Crushing the components to 5-7 mm in particle size, and then mixing uniformly; the pH value is adjusted to 8.0 by 3 wt% of sodium hydroxide solution; the water content is adjusted by adding water to make the water content of the compost raw material be 60 wt%; the carbon-nitrogen ratio is adjusted by mixing the fallen leaf waste branches of the large-leaf peach blossom heartwood and the biochar according to the mass ratio of 6:1, and then adding kitchen waste to adjust the carbon-nitrogen ratio to be 25;
(3) the pretreated feedstock was fed to a fermentor (0.8 m high, 0.5m diameter) for composting fermentation at a loading of about 75% of the volume of the fermentor. Completing primary fermentation by adopting an intermittent aeration mode, wherein the pile turning frequency is 5 d/time, and the primary fermentation time is 15 d; then, continuously adopting an intermittent aeration mode to carry out secondary fermentation, wherein the pile turning frequency is 7 d/time, and the secondary fermentation time is 15 d; obtaining a fertilizer; the intermittent aeration mode is aeration for 5-6 min and aeration stop for 20min, and the aeration rate is set to be 5 L.min at a low temperature-1High temperature period of 8L/min-1。
Experiment 1:
pathogenic bacteria can be killed at high temperature, and organic matters are degraded fastest in a proper temperature range, so that the composting speed is determined by the temperature of a compost body.
In this experiment, 5 treatment groups with carbon-nitrogen ratios of 15, 20, 25, 30 and 35 were designed by the method of example 1, and the core temperature and carbon conversion of the projectile were measured and recorded every day.
The results show that C/N15, C/N20, C/N25, C/N30 and C/N35 respectively increase the temperature to be above 40 ℃ at 17d, 10d and 11d, and the temperature increasing effect of the compost treated by C/N15 is obviously lower than that of the other 4 treatments, which indicates that the temperature increase of the compost is facilitated by increasing the carbon-nitrogen ratio. The temperature of 5 treated composts is greatly different, the low carbon-nitrogen ratio (C/N15, C/N20 and C/N25) affects the high-temperature maintaining days of the deciduous branches and waste branches of the peach blossoms and postpones the high-temperature occurrence time, and the high carbon-nitrogen ratio (C/N30 and C/N35) can reach the high temperature of the composts earlier and the high-temperature maintaining days are longer. In the test, the carbon conversion rate of the C/N25 treatment and the C/N30 treatment is higher, namely 22.54 percent and 20.55 percent respectively, which shows that the compost treated by the method is more quickly decomposed and has higher efficiency.
Experiment 2:
the method of example 1 is adopted in the experiment, and the comparison experiment is carried out by taking whether the biochar is added as an experimental variable, and the result shows that the temperature of the experimental group above 50 ℃ is maintained for 12 days, the temperature of the experimental group above 60 ℃ is maintained for 5 days, so that the harmless and sanitary requirements are met; the control group maintained the temperature above 50 ℃ for 8 days, and the control group maintained the temperature above 60 ℃ for 3 days. Therefore, the addition of the biochar promotes the harmless degree of the compost product.
Example 2: method for producing fertilizer by using fallen leaf waste branches of large-leaf peach blossom heartwood as raw material
(1) Mixing fallen leaf waste branches of the large-leaf peach blossom heartwood, biochar and kitchen waste to serve as composting raw materials;
(2) pretreating compost raw materials, wherein the pretreatment comprises crushing, uniformly mixing, adjusting the pH value, adjusting the water content and adjusting the carbon-nitrogen ratio. Crushing the components to 5-7 mm in particle size, and then mixing uniformly; the pH value is adjusted to 7.5 by using 3 wt% of sodium hydroxide solution; the water content is adjusted by adding water to make the water content of the compost raw material 65 wt%; the carbon-nitrogen ratio adjustment is to mix the fallen leaf waste branches of the large-leaf peach blossom heartwood and the biochar according to the mass ratio of 7:1, and then add kitchen waste to adjust the carbon-nitrogen ratio so as to enable the composting raw material to reach the carbon-nitrogen ratio of 25;
(3) feeding the pretreated raw materials into a fermentation tank (with the height of 0.8m and the diameter of 0.5m) for composting fermentation, wherein the filling amount is about 75% of the volume of the fermentation tank, and the primary fermentation is completed by adopting an intermittent aeration mode, the pile turning frequency is 3 d/time, and the primary fermentation time is 12 d; then, continuously adopting an intermittent aeration mode to carry out secondary fermentation, wherein the pile turning frequency is 6 d/time, and the secondary fermentation time is 15 d; obtaining a fertilizer; the intermittent aeration mode is aeration for 5-6 min and aeration stop for 20min, and the aeration rate is set to be 5 L.min at a low temperature-1High temperature period 10L/min-1。
Example 3: method for producing fertilizer by using fallen leaf waste branches of large-leaf peach blossom heartwood as raw material
(1) Mixing fallen leaf waste branches of the large-leaf peach blossom heartwood, biochar and kitchen waste to serve as composting raw materials;
(2) pretreating compost raw materials, wherein the pretreatment comprises crushing, uniformly mixing, adjusting the pH value, adjusting the water content and adjusting the carbon-nitrogen ratio. Crushing the components to 5-7 mm in particle size, and then mixing uniformly; the pH value is adjusted to 8.5 by using 3 wt% of sodium hydroxide solution; the water content is adjusted by adding water to make the water content of the compost raw material be 55 wt%; the carbon-nitrogen ratio adjustment is to mix the fallen leaf waste branches of the large-leaf peach blossom heartwood and the biochar according to the mass ratio of 6:1, and then add the kitchen waste to adjust the carbon-nitrogen ratio so as to enable the composting raw material to reach the carbon-nitrogen ratio of 25;
(3) feeding the pretreated raw materials into a fermentation tank (with the height of 0.8m and the diameter of 0.5m) for composting fermentation, wherein the filling amount is about 75% of the volume of the fermentation tank, and the primary fermentation is completed by adopting an intermittent aeration mode, the pile turning frequency is 5 d/time, and the primary fermentation time is 12 d; then, continuously adopting an intermittent aeration mode to carry out secondary fermentation, wherein the pile turning frequency is 7 d/time, and the secondary fermentation time is 10 d; obtaining a fertilizer; the intermittent aeration mode is aeration for 5-6 min and aeration stop for 15min, and the aeration rate is set to be 4 L.min at a low temperature-1High temperature period of 6L/min-1。
Comparative example 1: method for producing fertilizer
In this example, no waste fallen leaves of mahogany were added to the compost raw material.
(1) Mixing biochar and kitchen garbage to serve as composting raw materials;
(2) pretreating compost raw materials, wherein the pretreatment comprises crushing, uniformly mixing, adjusting the pH value, adjusting the water content and adjusting the carbon-nitrogen ratio. Crushing the components to 5-7 mm in particle size, and then mixing uniformly; the pH value is adjusted to 7.5-8.5 by using 1-3 wt% of sodium hydroxide solution; the water content is adjusted by adding water to enable the water content of the compost raw material to be 55-65 wt%; the carbon-nitrogen ratio is adjusted by mixing the biochar with the kitchen waste to ensure that the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the composting raw material is 25;
(3) the pretreated feedstock was fed to a fermentor (0.8 m high, 0.5m diameter) for composting fermentation at a loading of about 75% of the volume of the fermentor. Completing primary fermentation by adopting an intermittent aeration mode, wherein the pile turning frequency is 5 d/time, and the primary fermentation time is 15 d; then, continuously adopting an intermittent aeration mode to carry out secondary fermentation, wherein the pile turning frequency is 7 d/time, and the secondary fermentation time is 15 d; obtaining a fertilizer; the intermittent aeration mode is aeration for 5-6 min and aeration stop for 20min, and the aeration rate is set to be 5 L.min at a low temperature-1High temperature period of 8L/min-1。
Comparative example 2: method for producing fertilizer by using fallen leaf waste branches of large-leaf peach blossom heartwood as raw material
The continuous aeration mode is adopted in the embodiment.
(1) Mixing fallen leaf waste branches of the large-leaf peach blossom heartwood, biochar and kitchen waste to serve as composting raw materials;
(2) pretreating compost raw materials, wherein the pretreatment comprises crushing, uniformly mixing, adjusting the pH value, adjusting the water content and adjusting the carbon-nitrogen ratio. Crushing the components to 5-7 mm in particle size, and then mixing uniformly; the pH value is adjusted to 8.0 by using 3 wt% of sodium hydroxide solution; the water content is adjusted by adding water to make the water content of the compost raw material be 60 wt%; the carbon-nitrogen ratio adjustment is to mix the fallen leaf waste branches of the large-leaf peach blossom heartwood and the biochar according to the mass ratio of 6:1, and then add the kitchen waste to adjust the carbon-nitrogen ratio so as to enable the composting raw material to reach the carbon-nitrogen ratio of 25;
(3) feeding the pretreated raw materials into a fermentation tank (with the height of 0.8m and the diameter of 0.5m) for composting fermentation, wherein the filling amount is about 75% of the volume of the fermentation tank, and completing primary fermentation by adopting a continuous aeration mode, wherein the pile turning frequency is 5 d/time, and the primary fermentation time is 15 d; then, continuously adopting a continuous aeration mode to carry out secondary fermentation, wherein the pile turning frequency is 7 d/time, and the secondary fermentation time is 15 d; obtaining a fertilizer; the aeration mode is continuous aeration, and the aeration rate is set to be 5 L.min at a low temperature-1High temperature period of 8L/min-1。
Experiment 3: test of the control effect of the fertilizer on termites
The fertilizer and soil (10:1) are mixed, sterilized and then spread in a culture dish, the thickness is 0.5-0.6 cm, and sufficient termite bait is uniformly placed on the soil. 100 termites were introduced for each treatment, and the culture dish was placed in a dark condition of 25 + -2 deg.C and RH 80 + -5% for experiments, with appropriate amount of water added each day to keep the soil moist, and feeding behavior of termites was observed. The fertilizers of example 1, comparative example 1 and comparative example 2 were used as treatment groups 1 to 3, and the blank group without fertilizer was used. The remaining amount of bait was weighed at 10d and the food intake and food refusal rate were calculated. The food refusal rate is the food intake of the blank control group-the food intake of the treatment group/(the food intake of the blank control group) × 100%.
The results show that: the fertilizer of the example obviously influences the growth and development of the termites, and the termites have antifeedant behavior. The termites in the control group and the treatment group 1 (using the fertilizer of the comparative example 1) were active in behavior, normally developed, had a round drum abdomen, no obvious food refusal behavior, and had no significant difference in food intake from the blank group. Termites in treatment group 1 (using fertilizer from example 1) and treatment group 3 (using fertilizer from comparative example 2) were stunted, developed and lean, flattened in the abdomen, significantly lost weight, and in a dead or dying state. The food refusal rate of the treatment group 1 reaches 88 percent, which is higher than 72 percent of the treatment group 3 (p is less than 0.01), and the treatment group 1 is dead 2d earlier than the treatment group 3.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, but rather as the subject of the invention is to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the invention.

Claims (10)

1. A method for preventing and controlling insect pests by composting fallen leaves and waste branches of large-leaf peach blossom heartwood is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) mixing fallen leaf waste branches of the large-leaf peach blossom heartwood, biochar and kitchen waste to serve as composting raw materials;
(2) pretreating the compost raw materials to enable the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the raw materials to be 25-35;
(3) feeding the pretreated raw materials into a fermentation tank for composting fermentation, and completing primary fermentation in an intermittent aeration mode, wherein the pile turning frequency is 3-5 d/time; then, continuously adopting an intermittent aeration mode to carry out secondary fermentation, wherein the pile turning frequency is 6-7 d/time; obtaining a fertilizer;
(4) applying the fertilizer to soil.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the pre-treatment comprises crushing and blending, pH value adjustment, water content adjustment and carbon-nitrogen ratio adjustment.
3. The method according to claim 2, wherein the crushing and mixing are to crush the components to a particle size of 5-7 mm and then mix; adjusting the pH value to be 7.5-8.5 by using 1-3 wt% of sodium hydroxide solution; the water content is adjusted to be 55-65 wt% by adding or removing water; and the carbon-nitrogen ratio is adjusted to be that the fallen leaf waste branches of the large-leaf peach blossom heartwood and the biochar are mixed in proportion, and then kitchen waste is added, so that the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the composting raw material is 25-35.
4. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the compost raw material, the mass ratio of fallen leaf waste branches of the large-leaf peach blossom heartwood to the biochar is 6-7: 1.
5. According to the rightThe method of claim 1, wherein the intermittent aeration mode comprises aeration for 5-6 min and aeration stop for 15-20 min, and the aeration rate is set to 4-5 L.min at a low temperature-1And high temperature period of 6-10 L.min-1。
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the low temperature period is a stack temperature of less than 50 ℃ and the high temperature period is a stack temperature of greater than or equal to 50 ℃.
7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the primary fermentation time is 12-15 days.
8. The method according to claim 1, wherein the secondary fermentation time is 10-15 days.
9. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the biochar is made by pyrolysis of domestic waste or plant rhizomes.
10. The method of claim 1, wherein the insects comprise termites.
CN202111429421.2A 2021-11-29 2021-11-29 Method for preventing and treating insect pests by composting fallen leaves and waste branches of large-leaf peach blossom heartwood Active CN114057516B (en)

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PCT/CN2021/141066 WO2023092791A1 (en) 2021-11-29 2021-12-24 Method for controlling insect pests by means of composting fallen leaves and waste branches of swietenia macrophylla

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