CN114057516B - Method for preventing and treating insect pests by composting fallen leaves and waste branches of large-leaf peach blossom heartwood - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a method for preventing and controlling insect pests by composting fallen leaf waste branches of large-leaf peach blossom heartwood, which comprises the following steps: (1) Mixing fallen leaf waste branches of the large-leaf peach blossom heartwood, biochar and kitchen waste to serve as composting raw materials; (2) Pretreating the compost raw materials to ensure that the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the raw materials is 25-35; (3) Feeding the pretreated raw materials into a fermentation tank for composting fermentation, and completing primary fermentation in an intermittent aeration mode, wherein the pile turning frequency is 3-5 d/time; then, continuously adopting an intermittent aeration mode to carry out secondary fermentation, wherein the pile turning frequency is 6-7 d/time; obtaining a fertilizer; and (4) applying the fertilizer to the soil. The method carries out two-stage composting treatment on the waste branches and leaves of the mahogany rosewood to obtain the organic fertilizer, thereby not only utilizing waste, but also killing soil pests.

Description

A method of composting fallen leaves and waste branches of big-leaf mahogany to prevent and control insect pests

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of organic fertilizer production and the technical field of crop pest control, in particular to a method for composting fallen leaves and waste branches of large-leaf mahogany to prevent and control pests.

Background technique

Existing pesticide applications are facing problems such as increased resistance, unsafe for humans and animals, and environmental pollution. At the same time, big-leaf mahogany is widely planted in the south of my country and has the value of timber. It prunes a large amount of branch and leaf waste every year, and the treatment of these branch and leaf waste has become a big problem. Big-leaf mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla) is a perennial deciduous tree of the genus Mahogany (Swietenia) in the Mahogany subfamily of Meliaceae (Meliaceae). It is native to Central and South America and widely distributed in western India, Malaysia and southern China. . Due to the medicinal activities of mahogany with antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-mutagenic, anti-cancer, anti-tumor and anti-diabetic properties, its fruits and seeds are used in many Asian countries for folk treatment of various diseases.

There are few studies on the agricultural activity of mahogany mahogany, and there are no relevant reports on the composting of its fallen leaves and waste branches to control insect pests. Relevant studies mainly involve the repelling or contact activity of its extracts against spider mite, banana leaf aphid and other pests. For example, Liu Kui et al. pointed out that the extract of mahogany has a repellent effect on banana peel mite. Zhang Zhuhong et al. studied the insecticidal activity of the essential oil of mahogany pollen to four kinds of field pests. The results showed that the essential oil of mahogany pollen had good contact killing activity against Uroleucon formosanum and corn weevil ( Sitophilus zeamais) had good repellent activity, but the contact activity to cotton aphid (Aphis gossypii) and the antifeedant activity to 3rd instar litura litura (Spodoptera litura) were both low.

Contents of the invention

Aiming at the deficiencies in the prior art, the invention provides a method for composting the fallen leaves and waste branches of big-leaf mahogany to prevent and control insect pests.

Technical scheme of the present invention mainly comprises the following contents:

A method for composting fallen leaves and waste branches of large-leaf mahogany to prevent and control insect pests, comprising the following steps:

(1) Mix the fallen leaves and waste branches of big-leaf mahogany, biochar, and kitchen waste as raw materials for composting;

(2) Pretreating the compost raw materials so that the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the raw materials is 25-35;

(3) Feed the pretreated raw materials into the fermenter for composting and fermentation, and complete the primary fermentation by using intermittent aeration, with a turning frequency of 3 to 5 days per time; continue to use intermittent aeration for secondary fermentation , turning frequency is 6~7d/time; get fertilizer;

(4) Apply fertilizer to the soil.

The fertilizer obtained in the present invention can be used for the purpose of providing nutrients to plants, and/or for the purpose of controlling pests. It can be used as base fertilizer or top dressing. The amount of fertilizer is not particularly limited, and it can be added as appropriate according to the degree of pest damage, the degree of soil fertility, and the nutrient requirements of plants.

Preferably, the pretreatment includes crushing and mixing, pH adjustment, water content adjustment and carbon-nitrogen ratio adjustment;

Preferably, the crushing and mixing refers to crushing each component to a particle size of 5-7mm, and then mixing; the pH adjustment refers to adjusting the pH of the compost raw material to 7.5 with 1%-3wt% sodium hydroxide solution ～8.5; the moisture content adjustment refers to adding or removing water, so that the moisture content of the compost raw material is 55～65wt%; After mixing, add kitchen waste to make the compost raw material reach a carbon-nitrogen ratio of 25-35.

Preferably, in the composting raw materials, the mass ratio of fallen leaves and waste branches of big-leaf mahogany to biochar is 6-7:1.

Preferably, the intermittent aeration method is aeration for 5-6 minutes, stop aeration for 15-20 minutes, and the aeration volume is set to 4-5 L·min ^-1 in the low temperature period and 6-10 L·min ^-1 in the high temperature period.

Preferably, the low temperature period means that the stack body temperature is lower than 50°C, and the high temperature period means that the stack body temperature is ≥ 50°C.

Preferably, the primary fermentation time is 12-15 days.

Preferably, the secondary fermentation time is 10-15 days.

Preferably, the biochar is made by pyrolysis of domestic garbage or plant roots.

Preferably, the pests include termites.

The fallen leaves and waste branches of the big-leaf mahogany described in the present invention include branches and leaves that fall naturally, or branches and leaves that break off under the action of external force. Also known as bigleaf mahogany litter.

Effects achieved by the present invention:

The invention mixes and composts the fallen leaves and waste branches of big-leaf mahogany with biochar and kitchen waste. The nitrogen content, carbon-nitrogen ratio, and water content of kitchen waste are complementary to the characteristics of large-leaf mahogany waste. Adjust the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the compost matrix to 25-35, and the best state of water content is 60%. Adding biochar optimizes the composting process, improves product quality, and promotes the harmlessness of composting products. The two-stage composting technology is used to aerate twice intermittently to effectively improve the composting efficiency.

The fertilizer obtained by the invention has a good control effect on insect pests such as termites.

Detailed ways

In order to better understand the technical content of the present invention, specific examples are provided below to further illustrate the present invention.

Embodiment 1: take the fallen leaves and waste branches of big-leaf mahogany as the method of raw material production fertilizer

(1) Mix the fallen leaves and waste branches of big-leaf mahogany, biochar, and kitchen waste as raw materials for composting;

(2) Pretreatment of compost raw materials, including crushing and mixing, pH adjustment, moisture content adjustment and carbon-nitrogen ratio adjustment. Crushing and mixing is to crush each component to a particle size of 5-7mm, and then mix; the pH adjustment is to adjust the pH of the compost raw material to 8.0 with 3wt% sodium hydroxide solution; the moisture content adjustment is to make the compost raw material moisture content by adding water. 60wt%; the adjustment of carbon-nitrogen ratio is to mix the fallen leaves and waste branches of big-leaf mahogany with biochar at a mass ratio of 6:1, and then add kitchen waste to adjust the carbon-nitrogen ratio to 25;

(3) Feed the pretreated raw materials into a fermenter (0.8m in height, 0.5m in diameter) for composting and fermentation, and the filling amount is about 75% of the volume of the fermenter. Intermittent aeration is used to complete the primary fermentation, the turning frequency is 5d/time, and the primary fermentation time is 15d; then the intermittent aeration method is used for secondary fermentation, the turning frequency is 7d/time, and the secondary fermentation time is 15 days; Fertilizers were obtained; the intermittent aeration method was aeration for 5-6 minutes, stop aeration for 20 minutes, and the aeration volume was set to 5L·min ^-1 in the low temperature period and 8L·min ^-1 in the high temperature period.

Experiment 1:

High temperature can kill pathogenic bacteria, and organic matter degrades fastest in an appropriate temperature range. Therefore, the temperature of the compost determines the speed of composting.

In this experiment, the method of Example 1 was adopted, and five treatment groups with carbon-nitrogen ratios of 15, 20, 25, 30, and 35 were designed, and the center temperature and carbon conversion rate of the pushing body were detected and recorded every day.

The results showed that the temperature of C/N15, C/N 20, C/N 25, C/N 30, and C/N 35 rose above 40°C at 17d, 10d, 10d, 10d, and 11d, respectively, and the temperature of compost treated with C/N15 increased The effect was significantly lower than that of the other 4 treatments, indicating that increasing the carbon-nitrogen ratio would help the compost to heat up. The composting temperature of the five treatments was very different, and the lower carbon-nitrogen ratio (C/N 15, C/N 20, C/N 25) would affect the high temperature maintenance days and delay the occurrence of high temperature The higher the carbon-nitrogen ratio (C/N30, C/N35), the higher the compost high temperature can be reached earlier, and the high temperature can be maintained for a longer period of time. In this experiment, the carbon conversion rates of C/N 25 and C/N 30 were higher, 22.54% and 20.55%, respectively, indicating that the compost treated by them matured faster and had higher efficiency.

Experiment 2:

In this experiment, the method of Example 1 was adopted, and whether biochar was added or not was used as the experimental variable to conduct a control experiment. The results showed that the temperature of the experimental group was maintained above 50°C for 12 days, and the temperature above 60°C was maintained for 5 days, which met the harmless hygiene requirements. ; In the control group, the temperature above 50°C was maintained for 8 days, and the temperature above 60°C was maintained for 3 days. It can be seen that the addition of biochar promotes the harmlessness of compost products.

Embodiment 2: take the fallen leaves and waste branches of big-leaf mahogany as the method for raw material production fertilizer

(1) Mix the fallen leaves and waste branches of big-leaf mahogany, biochar, and kitchen waste as raw materials for composting;

(2) Pretreatment of compost raw materials, including crushing and mixing, pH adjustment, moisture content adjustment and carbon-nitrogen ratio adjustment. Crushing and mixing is to crush each component to a particle size of 5-7 mm, and then mix; pH adjustment is to use 3wt% sodium hydroxide solution to adjust the pH of the compost raw material to 7.5; moisture content adjustment is to add water to make the compost raw material hydrated The carbon-nitrogen ratio adjustment is to mix the fallen leaves and waste branches of the big-leaf mahogany with biochar at a mass ratio of 7:1, and then add kitchen waste to adjust the carbon-nitrogen ratio, so that the compost raw materials reach a carbon-nitrogen ratio of 25;

(3) Feed the pretreated raw materials into a fermenter (0.8m in height, 0.5m in diameter) for composting and fermentation. The filling volume is about 75% of the volume of the fermenter. The batch aeration method is used to complete a fermentation, and the compost is turned over. The frequency is 3d/time, and the primary fermentation time is 12d; then continue to use the intermittent aeration method for secondary fermentation, the turning frequency is 6d/time, and the secondary fermentation time is 15d; fertilizer is obtained; the intermittent aeration method is aeration Aerate for 5-6 minutes, stop aeration for 20 minutes, and set the aeration volume to 5L·min ^-1 in the low temperature period and 10L·min ^-1 in the high temperature period.

Embodiment 3: the method for raw material production fertilizer with the fallen leaves and waste branches of big-leaf mahogany

(1) Mix the fallen leaves and waste branches of big-leaf mahogany, biochar, and kitchen waste as raw materials for composting;

(2) Pretreatment of compost raw materials, including crushing and mixing, pH adjustment, moisture content adjustment and carbon-nitrogen ratio adjustment. Crushing and mixing is to crush each component to a particle size of 5-7mm, and then mix; pH adjustment is to use 3wt% sodium hydroxide solution to adjust the pH of compost raw materials to 8.5; moisture content adjustment is to add water to make compost raw materials The moisture content is 55wt%; the carbon-nitrogen ratio adjustment is to mix the fallen leaves and waste branches of big-leaf mahogany with biochar at a mass ratio of 6:1, and then add kitchen waste to adjust the carbon-nitrogen ratio, so that the compost raw materials can reach the carbon-nitrogen ratio is 25;

(3) Feed the pretreated raw materials into a fermenter (0.8m in height, 0.5m in diameter) for composting and fermentation. The filling volume is about 75% of the volume of the fermenter. The batch aeration method is used to complete a fermentation, and the compost is turned over. The frequency is 5d/time, and the primary fermentation time is 12d; continue to use the intermittent aeration method for secondary fermentation, the turning frequency is 7d/time, and the secondary fermentation time is 10d; fertilizer is obtained; the intermittent aeration method is aeration Aerate for 5-6 minutes, stop aeration for 15 minutes, and set the aeration volume to 4L·min ^-1 in the low temperature period and 6L·min ^-1 in the high temperature period.

Comparative example 1: method of producing fertilizer

The fallen leaves and waste branches of big-leaf mahogany were not added in the composting raw materials of this example.

(1) Mix biochar and kitchen waste as raw materials for composting;

(2) Pretreatment of compost raw materials, including crushing and mixing, pH adjustment, moisture content adjustment and carbon-nitrogen ratio adjustment. Crushing and mixing is to crush each component to a particle size of 5-7mm, and then mix; pH adjustment is to use 1%-3wt% sodium hydroxide solution to adjust the pH of compost raw materials to 7.5-8.5; moisture content adjustment is to add Moisture makes the compost raw material have a moisture content of 55-65wt%; the carbon-nitrogen ratio adjustment is to mix biochar with kitchen waste to make the compost raw material reach a carbon-nitrogen ratio of 25;

(3) Feed the pretreated raw materials into a fermenter (0.8m in height, 0.5m in diameter) for composting and fermentation, and the filling amount is about 75% of the volume of the fermenter. Intermittent aeration is used to complete the primary fermentation, the turning frequency is 5d/time, and the primary fermentation time is 15d; then the intermittent aeration method is used for secondary fermentation, the turning frequency is 7d/time, and the secondary fermentation time is 15 days; Fertilizers were obtained; the intermittent aeration method was aeration for 5-6 minutes, stop aeration for 20 minutes, and the aeration volume was set to 5L·min ^-1 in the low temperature period and 8L·min ^-1 in the high temperature period.

Comparative example 2: the method for producing fertilizer with the fallen leaves and waste branches of big-leaf mahogany as raw material

In this example, continuous aeration is used.

(1) Mix the fallen leaves and waste branches of big-leaf mahogany, biochar, and kitchen waste as raw materials for composting;

(2) Pretreatment of compost raw materials, including crushing and mixing, pH adjustment, moisture content adjustment and carbon nitrogen ratio adjustment. Crushing and mixing is to crush each component to a particle size of 5-7mm, and then mix; pH adjustment is to use 3wt% sodium hydroxide solution to adjust the pH of compost raw materials to 8.0; moisture content adjustment is to add water to make compost raw materials The moisture content is 60wt%; the carbon-nitrogen ratio adjustment is to mix the fallen leaves and waste branches of big-leaf mahogany with biochar at a mass ratio of 6:1, and then add kitchen waste to adjust the carbon-nitrogen ratio, so that the compost raw materials can reach the carbon-nitrogen ratio is 25;

(3) Feed the pretreated raw materials into a fermenter (0.8m in height, 0.5m in diameter) for composting and fermentation, the filling amount is about 75% of the volume of the fermenter, and the continuous aeration method is used to complete the primary fermentation, turning over the compost The frequency is 5d/time, and the primary fermentation time is 15d; then continue to use the continuous aeration method for secondary fermentation, the turning frequency is 7d/time, and the secondary fermentation time is 15d; fertilizer is obtained; the aeration method is continuous aeration , the aeration rate is set to 5L·min ^-1 in the low temperature period and 8L·min ^-1 in the high temperature period.

Experiment 3: The control effect test of fertilizer on termites

Mix the fertilizer and soil (10:1), sterilize and spread it flat in a petri dish with a thickness of 0.5-0.6 cm, and place a sufficient amount of termite bait evenly on the soil. Introduce 100 termites into each treatment, and place the petri dish under dark conditions of 25±2°C and RH 80±5% for the experiment, add appropriate amount of water every day to keep the soil moist, and observe the feeding behavior of termites. Use the fertilizers of Example 1, Comparative Example 1 and Comparative Example 2 as treatment groups 1 to 3, and use no fertilizer as a blank control group. On the 10th day, the remaining bait was weighed, and the food intake and refusal rate were calculated. Feed refusal rate = food intake of the blank control group - food intake of the treatment group / (food intake of the blank control group) × 100%.

The results show that the fertilizers in the examples obviously affect the growth and development of termites, and the termites appear to refuse food. The termites in the control group and treatment group 1 (using the fertilizer of Comparative Example 1) had active behavior, normal development, round abdomen, no obvious antifeedant behavior, and no significant difference in food intake compared with the blank group. The termites in treatment group 1 (using the fertilizer of Example 1) and treatment group 3 (using the fertilizer of Comparative Example 2) were sluggish in behavior, thin in size, flat in abdomen, significantly lighter in body weight, and were in a dead or dying state. The food refusal rate of treatment group 1 reached 88%, which was higher than 72% of treatment group 3 (p<0.01), and treatment group 1 died 2 days earlier than treatment group 3.

The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but does not constitute a limitation to the present invention. All modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be included in the present invention. within the scope of protection.

Claims (5)

1. A method for preventing and controlling insect pests by composting fallen leaves and waste branches of large-leaf peach blossom heartwood is characterized by comprising the following steps:

(1) Mixing fallen leaf waste branches of the large-leaf peach blossom heartwood, biochar and kitchen waste to serve as composting raw materials;

(2) Pretreating the compost raw materials to ensure that the carbon nitrogen ratio of the raw materials is 25-35;

(3) Feeding the pretreated raw materials into a fermentation tank for composting fermentation, and completing primary fermentation in an intermittent aeration mode, wherein the pile turning frequency is 3-5 d/time; then, continuously adopting an intermittent aeration mode to carry out secondary fermentation, wherein the pile turning frequency is 6-7 d/time; obtaining a fertilizer; the intermittent aeration mode is aeration for 5-6 min and aeration stop for 15-20 min, and the aeration rate is set to be 4-5 L.min in the low-temperature period ^-1 And high temperature period of 6-10 L.min ^-1 (ii) a The low temperature stage is that the temperature of the stack is lower than 50 ℃, and the high temperature stage is that the stack isThe temperature is more than or equal to 50 ℃; the primary fermentation time is 12-15 days; the secondary fermentation time is 10-15 d;

(4) Applying a fertilizer to soil;

the insect is termite.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the pre-treatment comprises crushing and blending, pH value adjustment, water content adjustment and carbon-nitrogen ratio adjustment.

3. The method according to claim 2, wherein the crushing and mixing are to crush the components to a particle size of 5-7 mm and then mix; the pH value is adjusted to be 7.5-8.5 by using 1-3 wt% of sodium hydroxide solution; the moisture content is adjusted to be 55-65 wt% by adding or removing moisture; the carbon-nitrogen ratio is adjusted to be that the fallen leaf waste branches of the large-leaf peach blossom heartwood and the biochar are mixed according to a proportion, and then kitchen garbage is added to enable the compost raw material to reach the carbon-nitrogen ratio of 25-35.

4. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of fallen leaves and waste branches of mahogany to biochar in the compost raw material is 6-7:1.

5. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the biochar is made by pyrolysis of domestic waste or plant rhizomes.