CN114054055A - 一种用于负载贵金属催化剂的载体材料及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种用于负载贵金属催化剂的载体材料及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- 239000007836 KH2PO4 Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910000402 monopotassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
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- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- JGOBHUWKRDXZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-(chloromethyl)quinolin-8-ol Chemical compound C1=CN=C2C(O)=CC=C(CCl)C2=C1 JGOBHUWKRDXZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
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- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
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- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
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- 150000002823 nitrates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- BDZBKCUKTQZUTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethyl phosphite Chemical compound CCOP(OCC)OCC BDZBKCUKTQZUTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
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- 238000003763 carbonization Methods 0.000 abstract description 10
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 9
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 9
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 229910052588 hydroxylapatite Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 5
- XYJRXVWERLGGKC-UHFFFAOYSA-D pentacalcium;hydroxide;triphosphate Chemical compound [OH-].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O XYJRXVWERLGGKC-UHFFFAOYSA-D 0.000 abstract description 5
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- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
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- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- ARKIFHPFTHVKDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(3-nitrophenyl)ethanone Chemical compound CC(=O)C1=CC=CC([N+]([O-])=O)=C1 ARKIFHPFTHVKDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910002621 H2PtCl6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- B01J27/14—Phosphorus; Compounds thereof
- B01J27/16—Phosphorus; Compounds thereof containing oxygen, i.e. acids, anhydrides and their derivates with N, S, B or halogens without carriers or on carriers based on C, Si, Al or Zr; also salts of Si, Al and Zr
- B01J27/18—Phosphorus; Compounds thereof containing oxygen, i.e. acids, anhydrides and their derivates with N, S, B or halogens without carriers or on carriers based on C, Si, Al or Zr; also salts of Si, Al and Zr with metals other than Al or Zr
- B01J27/1802—Salts or mixtures of anhydrides with compounds of other metals than V, Nb, Ta, Cr, Mo, W, Mn, Tc, Re, e.g. phosphates, thiophosphates
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Abstract
本案涉及一种用于负载贵金属催化剂的载体材料及其制备方法,所述载体材料是由如式所示的
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及催化剂载体技术领域,具体为一种用于负载贵金属催化剂的载体材料及其制备方法。
背景技术
金属催化剂是现代化化学合成过程中占有重要地位的一种原料,是一种能改变化学反应速度而本身又不参与反应最终产物的贵金属材料,被广泛应用于新材料、精细化工、医药、石油精制、新能源等领域。贵金属催化剂以其
贵金属催化剂常用的主要活性金属有:钯催化剂、铂催化剂、铑催化剂等等,它们的d电子轨道都未填满,表面易吸附反应物,且强度适中,利于形成中间“活性化合物”,具有较高的催化活性,同时还具有耐高温、抗氧化、耐腐蚀等综合优良特性,成为最重要的催化剂材料。
在催化剂的制备过程中,引入载体可以有效提供催化剂的催化活性。对于贵金属催化剂而言,引入载体材料可减少贵金属的使用量从而降低成本,同时还能保证其催化活性。载体材料不仅能够使贵金属负载顺利进行,获得良好分散性,提高贵金属的有效利用率,同时还能提高催化剂的稳定性,延长催化剂的使用寿命。多孔碳材料是使用较为广泛的一类贵金属催化剂载体,申请人在前期工作中成功以多孔羟基磷灰石负载铂制得贵金属催化剂,金属催化剂的比表面积和孔径均匀,铂金属的催化活性得到了提高;然而,金属催化剂载体材料在制备过程中需要经过两次高温焙烧,且焙烧后的炭化得率较低,比表面积较小,活化得率较低。
发明内容
针对现有技术中的不足之处,本发明基于稀土配合物掺杂羟基磷灰石制备出新型的载体材料,其制备条件温和,炭化得率高,催化性能得到进一步提升、
为实现上述目的,本发明提供如下技术方案:
一种用于负载贵金属催化剂的载体材料的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
S1:8-羟基喹啉与甲醛和HCl反应得到5-氯甲基-8羟基喹啉;
S2:将5-氯甲基-8羟基喹啉和亚磷酸三乙酯混合后在150~160℃下反应得到5-甲基磷酸二乙酯-8羟基喹啉;
S4:分别称量并配制好一定浓度的Ca(NO3)·4H2O溶液和KH2PO4溶液,分别调节pH至10~11,然后将KH2PO4溶液逐滴滴加到Ca(NO3)·4H2O溶液中,得到悬浮液;
S5:将所述稀土配体在搅拌下加入到所述悬浮液中,然后转移至水热反应釜,120~150℃水热反应10~15h;反应完成后水洗干燥;
S6:将S5中干燥后的固体置于350~400℃下热处理1.5~3h,即得载体材料。
优选地,所述稀土的水合硝酸盐固体是将M2O3与硝酸按照1∶1.05的摩尔比溶解混合,在搅拌下不断加热蒸干水分得到。
优选地,M表示为La、Ce、Nd、Sm或Gd。
优选地,所述S4中Ca(NO3)·4H2O溶液和KH2PO4溶液的浓度分别为10~15wt%和4~5wt%,悬浮液中Ca/P的摩尔比为1.67。
优选地,所述稀土配体中的M与悬浮液中的Ca的摩尔比为0.5~1:9。
一种如上所述的制备方法制得的用于负载贵金属催化剂的载体材料。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果是:本案采用含磷的稀土配体与羟基磷灰石进行掺杂,先进行一次水热反应再在中高温度下进行炭化热处理即得载体材料,反应条件温和;炭化后的得率高,由于稀土配体的存在,炭化后形成了比表面积大、孔径均匀的纳米粒子;在稀土和磷的协同作用下,炭化后的纳米粒子表面暴露出更多的活性位点,因而很适合用于负载贵金属,并能最大程度激发贵金属的催化活性;当负载铂金属后,将其用于选择加氢制3-氨基苯乙酮显示出优异的催化性能。
具体实施方式
下面将结合实施例对本发明的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
此外,下面所描述的本发明不同实施方式中所涉及的技术特征只要彼此之间未构成冲突就可以相互结合。
实施例
以M为La为例,制备稀土配合物
首先以8-羟基喹啉为起始原料通过氯甲基化和Arbuzov反应制备配合物前体,化学方程式如下:
然后将La2O3与硝酸按照1∶1.05的摩尔比溶解混合,在搅拌下不断加热蒸干水分得到水合硝酸盐固体;
实施例1:
分别称量并配制好12wt%的Ca(NO3)·4H2O溶液和4wt%的KH2PO4溶液,分别调节pH至10~11,然后将KH2PO4溶液逐滴滴加到Ca(NO3)·4H2O溶液中,得到Ca/P的摩尔比为1.67的悬浮液;
稀土配体在搅拌下加入到所述悬浮液中,然后转移至水热反应釜,130℃水热反应12h;反应完成后水洗干燥;La/Ca的摩尔比为0.5/9.5。
将干燥后的固体置于350~400℃下热处理2h,即得载体材料。
实施例2:
分别称量并配制好14wt%的Ca(NO3)·4H2O溶液和4.5wt%的KH2PO4溶液,分别调节pH至10~11,然后将KH2PO4溶液逐滴滴加到Ca(NO3)·4H2O溶液中,得到Ca/P的摩尔比为1.67的悬浮液;
稀土配体在搅拌下加入到所述悬浮液中,然后转移至水热反应釜,130℃水热反应12h;反应完成后水洗干燥;Ce/Ca的摩尔比为1/9。
将干燥后的固体置于350~400℃下热处理2h,即得载体材料。
实施例3:
分别称量并配制好14wt%的Ca(NO3)·4H2O溶液和4.5wt%的KH2PO4溶液,分别调节pH至10~11,然后将KH2PO4溶液逐滴滴加到Ca(NO3)·4H2O溶液中,得到Ca/P的摩尔比为1.67的悬浮液;
稀土配体在搅拌下加入到所述悬浮液中,然后转移至水热反应釜,130℃水热反应12h;反应完成后水洗干燥;Nd/Ca的摩尔比为0.3/9.3。
将干燥后的固体置于350~400℃下热处理2h,即得载体材料。
实施例4:
分别称量并配制好14wt%的Ca(NO3)·4H2O溶液和4.5wt%的KH2PO4溶液,分别调节pH至10~11,然后将KH2PO4溶液逐滴滴加到Ca(NO3)·4H2O溶液中,得到Ca/P的摩尔比为1.67的悬浮液;
稀土配体在搅拌下加入到所述悬浮液中,然后转移至水热反应釜,130℃水热反应12h;反应完成后水洗干燥;Sm/Ca的摩尔比为0.4/9.6。
将干燥后的固体置于350~400℃下热处理2h,即得载体材料。
实施例5:
分别称量并配制好14wt%的Ca(NO3)·4H2O溶液和4.5wt%的KH2PO4溶液,分别调节pH至10~11,然后将KH2PO4溶液逐滴滴加到Ca(NO3)·4H2O溶液中,得到Ca/P的摩尔比为1.67的悬浮液;
稀土配体在搅拌下加入到所述悬浮液中,然后转移至水热反应釜,130℃水热反应12h;反应完成后水洗干燥;Gd/Ca的摩尔比为0.2/9.8。
将干燥后的固体置于350~400℃下热处理2h,即得载体材料。
对比例1:
8-羟基喹啉与稀土的水合硝酸盐固体直接制得稀土配体,其余步骤同实施例1。
对比例2:
分别称量并配制好12wt%的Ca(NO3)·4H2O溶液和4wt%的KH2PO4溶液,分别调节pH至10~11,然后将KH2PO4溶液逐滴滴加到Ca(NO3)·4H2O溶液中,得到Ca/P的摩尔比为1.67的悬浮液;
稀土配体在搅拌下加入到所述悬浮液中,继续搅拌30min后静置陈化24h;离心分离、水洗干燥;La/Ca的摩尔比为0.5/9.5。
将干燥后的固体置于350~400℃下热处理2h,即得载体材料。
将上述载体材料加入H2PtCl6水溶液中,然后在室温下搅拌静置后,用过量的硼氢化钠还原,洗涤干燥,400℃焙烧2h,得铂金属催化剂。
对实施例1-5以及对比例1-2的载体材料以及铂金属催化剂的性能进行验证分析,结果如表1所示。
表1
从表1中可以看出,本案实施例1-5的比表面积显著增大,炭化得率较高在50%左右,而对比例1和2的炭化得率仅20~30%,原料浪费较为严重。负载贵金属后的催化剂用于3-硝基苯乙酮的选择加氢性能测试,可以看到原料转化率较高达到了96%左右,对3-氨基苯乙酮的选择性也较高。
尽管本发明的实施方案已公开如上,但其并不仅仅限于说明书和实施方式中所列运用,它完全可以被适用于各种适合本发明的领域,对于熟悉本领域的人员而言,可容易地实现另外的修改,因此在不背离权利要求及等同范围所限定的一般概念下,本发明并不限于特定的细节。
Claims (6)
1.一种用于负载贵金属催化剂的载体材料的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
S1:8-羟基喹啉与甲醛和HCl反应得到5-氯甲基-8羟基喹啉;
S2:将5-氯甲基-8羟基喹啉和亚磷酸三乙酯混合后在150~160℃下反应得到5-甲基磷酸二乙酯-8羟基喹啉;
S4:分别称量并配制好一定浓度的Ca(NO3)·4H2O溶液和KH2PO4溶液,分别调节pH至10~11,然后将KH2PO4溶液逐滴滴加到Ca(NO3)·4H2O溶液中,得到悬浮液;
S5:将所述稀土配体在搅拌下加入到所述悬浮液中,然后转移至水热反应釜,120~150℃水热反应10~15h;反应完成后水洗干燥;
S6:将S5中干燥后的固体置于350~400℃下热处理1.5~3h,即得载体材料。
2.如权利要求1所述的用于负载贵金属催化剂的载体材料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述稀土的水合硝酸盐固体是将M2O3与硝酸按照1∶1.05的摩尔比溶解混合,在搅拌下不断加热蒸干水分得到。
3.如权利要求1所述的用于负载贵金属催化剂的载体材料的制备方法,其特征在于,M表示为La、Ce、Nd、Sm或Gd。
4.如权利要求1所述的用于负载贵金属催化剂的载体材料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述S4中Ca(NO3)·4H2O溶液和KH2PO4溶液的浓度分别为10~15wt%和4~5wt%,悬浮液中Ca/P的摩尔比为1.67。
5.如权利要求1所述的用于负载贵金属催化剂的载体材料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述稀土配体中的M与悬浮液中的Ca的摩尔比为0.5~1:9。
6.一种如权利要求1-5中任一项所述的制备方法制得的用于负载贵金属催化剂的载体材料。
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