CN114034218B - Large-footage cut blasting method and structure for multilayer circular truncated cone blasting - Google Patents
Large-footage cut blasting method and structure for multilayer circular truncated cone blasting Download PDFInfo
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- CN114034218B CN114034218B CN202110543859.7A CN202110543859A CN114034218B CN 114034218 B CN114034218 B CN 114034218B CN 202110543859 A CN202110543859 A CN 202110543859A CN 114034218 B CN114034218 B CN 114034218B
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D1/00—Blasting methods or apparatus, e.g. loading or tamping
- F42D1/08—Tamping methods; Methods for loading boreholes with explosives; Apparatus therefor
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
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- F42D3/04—Particular applications of blasting techniques for rock blasting
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Abstract
The invention provides a large-footage cut blasting method and a structure for multilayer circular truncated cone blasting, which relate to the technical field of blasting and comprise the following steps: at least three cut blast holes distributed annularly are distributed, and at least three expanded blast holes are distributed around each cut blast hole; charging: dividing each cut blast hole and each expanded-slot blast hole into N layers along the cut blasting footage direction, filling a first explosive into each layer of cut blast hole, and filling a second explosive into each layer of expanded-slot blast hole; and (3) blasting: and blasting layer by layer along the cut blasting footage direction, wherein each cut blast hole on the same layer is blasted into a circular truncated cone space preferentially, and each expanded blast hole is blasted into a cylindrical space after delay. The large-footage cut blasting method for multilayer circular truncated cone blasting overcomes the technical defects that the prior layered blasting only cuts, free surfaces in a mode of not expanding slots and distributing holes are limited, and the space after blasting is insufficient.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of blasting, in particular to a large-footage cut blasting method and a large-footage cut blasting structure for multilayer circular truncated cone blasting.
Background
The cut blasting is widely applied to roadway driving and stope stoping. The conventional cut blasting blast hole is shallow, the working procedures are circulated more, the cost consumption is high, the construction period is long, and the labor intensity is high; although the deep hole blasting technology can improve footage, increase construction efficiency, reduce construction cost and improve economic benefits, the cutting blasting only has a single and narrow free surface and increases along with the depth of blast holes, so that the rock clamping effect is greatly improved, and large footage cutting is difficult to realize.
The existing cutting method mainly comprises two main types of straight-hole cutting and wedge-straight combined cutting:
1. straight-hole cut
The straight-hole cut is composed of a plurality of blast holes which are perpendicular to the driving face, parallel to each other and small in distance, and is divided into two types of empty holes and non-empty holes, and the arrangement form is mainly divided into: (1) slot cutting: also called cracking undermining, the undermining holes are arranged on the same straight line, are parallel to each other, adopt the interval charge, every blast hole is detonated at the same time and form the strip-shaped slot cavity, is suitable for the well lane of small section such as medium hard rock, etc., as shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a vertical cracking undermining in the prior art, fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a horizontal cracking undermining in the prior art; (2) corner column channeling: also called barrel-shaped undermining, the undermining holes are distributed according to the plane geometry, the common forms are triangle, quadrangle, rhombus, pentagram and compound triangle, etc., the relative position relationship between the empty hole and the loading hole is determined according to the actual working surface and lithology, as shown in fig. 3 and 4, fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a quadrangle undermining in the prior art, and fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a compound triangle undermining in the prior art; (3) spiral cutting: the large empty hole is used as the center, the charging holes are spirally arranged, the charging holes closest to the central empty hole are sequentially detonated, the size of the groove cavity is gradually enlarged, and the detritus is thrown to have directionality, as shown in fig. 5 and 6, fig. 5 is a structural schematic diagram of a small-diameter empty hole spiral undercut in the prior art, fig. 6 is a structural schematic diagram of a large-diameter empty hole spiral undercut in the prior art, and the arrow direction in the figure is the direction of the initiation sequence.
2. Wedge-straight combined type cut
The line is resisted in the straight hole underholing of idle hole, and the vallecular cavity radius that obtains after exploding is often slightly little, for increasing effective free surface area, obtains more ideal underholing effect, often considers to add the supplementary broken rock of oblique eye hole, and the oblique eye underholing hole forms of laying mainly include: (1) unidirectional cutting: the plurality of blast holes are drilled in an inclined mode along the same direction, and the method is suitable for roadway tunneling of medium-hard and below rock masses with structural surfaces; (2) conical cutting: a plurality of blast holes are obliquely arranged towards the center, after explosion, the slot cavity is conical, and the cavity forming effect in hard rock is better, as shown in fig. 7, fig. 7 is a structural schematic diagram of a conical cut in the prior art; (3) wedge-shaped cutting: the blast hole blasting device is composed of a plurality of pairs of oppositely inclined blast holes which are symmetrically distributed, a cavity is wedge-shaped after blasting, the application range is wider, as shown in fig. 8, and fig. 8 is a structural schematic diagram of a wedge-shaped cut in the prior art; (4) carrying out sector cutting: the drilling angles and the drilling depths of the plurality of blast holes are different, and the blast hole drilling device is mainly applied to coal mine roadway tunneling.
In order to further improve the cutting efficiency, although the prior literature proposes to adopt a multi-layer cutting technology to increase the cutting footage, the following technical defects still exist: (1) The traditional single-layer spherical explosive bag blasting technology only uses the traditional Rivenston blasting funnel as a theoretical basis, and does not fully consider the blasting energy enhancement effect of an annular blast hole in the direction parallel to a free surface and the specificity of the space form of a round table after blasting; (2) Along with the increase of the depth of the blast hole, the technical defect of serious free surface clamping is difficult to overcome by conventional multi-layered cartridge blasting, the space after blasting is insufficient, and the cut footage is limited; (3) And the charging blasting parameters such as blast hole form, hole pattern parameters, charging structure, detonation time, blocking length and the like are not subjected to fine matching research and design according to the special morphological parameters of the round platform space after blasting, so that the precise control of the cut blasting is difficult to realize.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a large-footage cut blasting method and a large-footage cut blasting structure for multilayer circular truncated cone blasting, which overcome the technical defects that the traditional layered blasting only cuts, the free surfaces in the form of no-slot-expanding hole distribution are limited, the space after blasting is insufficient, and the like.
In order to realize the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
in a first aspect, the invention provides a large-footage cut blasting method for multilayer circular truncated cone blasting, which comprises the following steps: at least three cut blast holes distributed in an annular shape are distributed, and at least three slot expanding blast holes are distributed around each cut blast hole;
charging: dividing each cut blast hole and each expanded-slot blast hole into N layers along the cut blasting footage direction, loading a first explosive into each cut blast hole, and loading a second explosive into each expanded-slot blast hole;
and (3) blasting: and blasting layer by layer along the cut blasting footage direction, wherein each cut blast hole on the same layer is blasted into a circular truncated cone space preferentially, and each expanded blast hole is blasted into a cylindrical space after delay.
Further, the loading of the first explosive into each layer of the cut blast holes specifically includes:
and sequentially filling a first medicine bag and a barrier into each layer of the cut blast holes.
Further, the length of the barrier is 5-50 times of the diameter of the cut blast hole.
Further, the step of loading a second explosive into each layer of the expanded slot blast hole specifically includes:
and sequentially loading a plurality of sections of second explosive packages into each layer of the slot-expanding blast holes at intervals, wherein the dosage of each section of second explosive package in each layer of the slot-expanding blast holes is gradually increased along the drilling direction of the slot-expanding blast holes.
Further, a plurality of sections of the second medicine bags are arranged at equal intervals.
Further, the included angle between the length direction of the cut blast holes and the expanded groove blast holes and the cutting blasting footage direction is less than or equal to 45 degrees.
Further, the distance between two adjacent cut blast holes is smaller than or equal to the radial fracture area of a single cut blast hole;
each cut blast hole is distributed in a first circular ring shape, and the diameter of each first circular ring shape is less than or equal to 2 times of the radial fracture area of each cut blast hole;
the radial fracture area = 8-150 times the diameter of the cut blast hole;
the number of the undercut blastholes = pi/arcsin (the distance between two adjacent undercut blastholes/the diameter of the first circular ring).
Further, the distance between two adjacent expanded slot blastholes = ring spacing × blasthole density coefficient;
the annular space = 3-50 times of the diameter of the blast hole of the slot-expanding blast hole, and the density coefficient of the blast hole is 0.5-10;
each slot expanding blast hole is distributed in a second circular ring shape, and the diameter of the second circular ring shape is equal to the diameter of the first circular ring shape plus 2 times of the ring spacing;
the number of the expanded slot blast holes = pi/arcsin (the distance between two adjacent expanded slot blast holes/the diameter of the second circular ring).
Furthermore, the blasting interval between each undercut blast hole and each expanded blast hole on the same layer is 25-150ms, and the blasting interval between two adjacent layers along the undercut blasting footage direction is 25-150ms.
In a second aspect, the invention further provides a large-footage undermining structure for multilayer circular truncated cone blasting, which comprises at least three undermining blast holes distributed annularly and at least three expanded blast holes distributed annularly, wherein each expanded blast hole is arranged around each undermining blast hole;
the method comprises the following steps that the cut blast holes and the expanded blast holes are divided into N layers along the cut blasting footage direction, first explosives are loaded into the cut blast holes on each layer, and second explosives are loaded into the expanded blast holes on each layer.
Further, the first explosive comprises a first explosive charge and a barrier, and the first explosive charge is positioned inside the barrier along the drilling direction of the cut blast hole.
Further, the second explosive comprises a plurality of sections of second explosive packages which are arranged at intervals along the drilling direction of the slot-expanding blast hole;
and the dosage of each section of the second explosive package is gradually increased along the drilling direction of the slot-expanding blast hole.
Further, the included angle between the length direction of the cut blast holes and the expanded groove blast holes and the cutting blasting footage direction is less than or equal to 45 degrees.
The large-footage cut blasting method and the structure for multilayer circular truncated cone blasting provided by the invention have the following beneficial effects that:
in the large-footage undermining blasting method for multilayer circular truncated cone blasting provided by the first aspect of the invention, two rings of annular blast holes are distributed, namely the annular undermining blast hole positioned at the inner ring and the annular expanded groove blast hole positioned at the outer ring. The blasting is carried out layer by layer along the undermining blasting footage direction during the blasting, the side surface of a circular truncated cone space formed after the inner ring undermining blast hole of the outer layer expanded slot blast hole is blasted is a blasting free surface, and a cylindrical space is formed after the outer layer expanded slot blast hole blasting, so that a first explosive and a second explosive of a subsequent layer are always in a blasting environment without a clamping free surface, and the technical defects that only undermining is carried out in the prior layered blasting, the free surface in the form of no-expansion slot hole distribution is limited, the space after blasting is insufficient and the like are overcome.
Compared with the prior art, the large-footage undermining structure for multilayer circular truncated cone blasting provided by the second aspect of the invention gets rid of the hole arrangement form of the traditional undermining blasting without slot expansion blasting, the first explosives on each layer of undermining blast holes play a blasting energy enhancement effect of annular blast holes in the direction parallel to the free surface, and the slot expansion blast holes further expand the blasting space on the basis of the undermining blast holes, so that the structure has the advantage of sufficient space after blasting.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments or the prior art descriptions will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a vertical cracking cut in the prior art;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a horizontal cracking cut in the prior art;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a quadrangular cutting structure in the prior art;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a dual triangular undercut in the prior art;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a small diameter hollow spiral cut in the prior art;
FIG. 6 is a schematic structural view of a large-diameter hollow spiral cut in the prior art;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a prior art tapered undercut configuration;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of a prior art wedge cut configuration;
fig. 9 is a cross-sectional view of a large-footage slitting structure for multi-layer circular table blasting according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 10 is a longitudinal sectional view of a large-footage undermining structure for multilayer circular truncated cone blasting provided by an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 11 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of a layer of slot-expanding blastholes provided in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 12 is a longitudinal sectional view of another large-scale undercutting structure for multilayer circular truncated cone blasting according to an embodiment of the invention.
Icon: 1-cutting blast holes; 2-expanding a slot blast hole; 3-a first explosive; 31-a first pack; 32-a barrier; 4-a second pack; 5-round table surface after explosion; 6-cylindrical surface after explosion; 7-plug.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are some, but not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, but do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning either a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in a specific case to those of ordinary skill in the art.
The following detailed description of embodiments of the invention refers to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the detailed description and specific examples, while indicating the present invention, are given by way of illustration and explanation only, not limitation.
An embodiment of the first aspect of the present invention provides a large-footage undermining blasting method for multilayer circular truncated cone blasting, including:
a hole distribution step: at least three cut blast holes 1 distributed annularly are distributed, and at least three expanded blast holes 2 are distributed around each cut blast hole 1;
charging: dividing each undermining blast hole 1 and each expanded blast hole 2 into N layers along the undermining blasting footage direction, loading a first explosive 3 into each undermining blast hole 1, and loading a second explosive into each expanded blast hole 2;
and (3) blasting: blasting layer by layer along the cut blasting footage direction, wherein each cut blast hole 1 positioned on the same layer is blasted into a circular truncated cone space preferentially, and each expanded blast hole 2 is blasted into a cylindrical space after delay.
In the blasting process, on one hand, each layer of explosive packages of the undercut blastholes 1 takes the bottom surface of a cylindrical space formed by an initial working surface or a first initiation layer as a blasting free surface, a circular truncated cone space is formed after blasting, each layer of first explosives 3 of the undercut blastholes 1 plays a blasting energy enhancement effect of an annular blasthole in the direction parallel to the free surface, and the circular truncated cone space form formed after blasting is obviously different from the space form of a traditional Levenston blasting funnel; on the other hand, after the second explosive on each layer of the slot-expanded blast holes 2 expands the slot and explodes the round-table space after explosion of the first explosive 3 in the layer corresponding to the slot-expanded blast hole 1, a cylindrical space is formed, so that the first explosive 3 and the second explosive on the subsequent layer are always in the explosion environment without clamped free surfaces, and the technical defects that in the prior art, only the slot is formed by multi-layered explosive bags, the free surfaces in the form of hole distribution without slot expansion are limited, the space after explosion is insufficient and the like are overcome.
It should be noted that the method is suitable for the cut blasting of various projects such as vertical shafts, inclined shafts, slope roads, drifts, stopes and the like. The method of the underholing blasting will be described in detail below by taking the example of vertical downward tunneling, and the division of each underholing gun hole 1 and each slot-expanding gun hole 2 into two layers, and the underholing blasting method is set to be divided into a first blasting layer and a second blasting layer from top to bottom, and the underholing blasting method in other levels and the blasting footage direction is similar to the underholing blasting method.
In at least one embodiment, as shown in fig. 9, the respective undercut blastholes 1 are evenly distributed about an axis and the respective extended-slot blastholes 2 are evenly distributed about said axis.
In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 10, each layer of undercut blastholes 1 is filled with a first explosive 3, which includes: the first explosive charge 31 and the barrier 32 are sequentially charged into each layer of the undercut blastholes 1.
Facing in the direction of fig. 10, the barrier 32 is located on the upper layer of the first charge 31, and when the first charge 31 in the first explosive layer is exploded, the first explosive layer forms a circular truncated cone space.
Wherein, the barrier 32 plays a role of isolating the two adjacent first explosive packages 31, and the barrier 32 can be fine sand, drill cuttings and the like.
In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 10, the length of the barrier 32 is 5-50 times the diameter of the undercut blasthole 1.
Specifically, the length of the barrier 32 may be 5, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 times, etc. the diameter of the undercut blasthole 1.
Specifically, the length of the central axis of each layer of circular truncated cone space and the morphological parameters correspond to different corresponding explosive charges of each layer of first explosive package 31, and the length of the central axis of each layer of circular truncated cone space and the explosive charges of each layer of first explosive package 31 are respectively half infinite large free-face undercut blastholes 1, and the optimal explosive package burial depth and explosive consumption amount corresponding to each layer of first explosive package 31 are generally selected.
In some embodiments, the loading of the second explosive into each layer of the extended slot blastholes 2 specifically includes: and sequentially loading a plurality of sections of second explosive packages 4 into each layer of slot-expanding blast holes 2 at intervals, wherein the dosage of each section of second explosive package 4 in each layer of slot-expanding blast holes 2 is gradually increased along the drilling direction of the slot-expanding blast holes 2.
The circular truncated cone space side surface formed after the outer ring slot-expanding blast hole 2 and the inner ring cut-out blast hole 1 are exploded is a blasting free surface. Because the side surface of the circular truncated cone space is an inclined surface, the resistance line of each layer of second explosive in the slot-expanded blast hole 2 is increased in proportion to the increase of the depth of the blast hole, and in the embodiment, the dosage of each section of second explosive bag 4 in the same layer of slot-expanded blast hole 2 is gradually increased along with the increase of the resistance line, so that the refinement of charging and blasting of the slot-expanded blast hole 2 is realized.
Taking fig. 11 as an example for specific description, three first explosives 3 are loaded in each layer of slotted blast hole 1, and the charge length of each continuous cartridge is reduced proportionally along the direction from the bottom of the hole to the hole opening, namely, lower charge > middle charge > upper charge.
In at least one embodiment, as shown in figure 11, the second packs 4 are arranged in segments that are equally spaced.
In some embodiments, the included angle between the length direction of the undercut blastholes 1 and the expanded blast holes 2 and the plunge cutting blasting advance direction is less than or equal to 45 degrees. Specifically, as shown in fig. 10 and 12, the included angles between the longitudinal directions of the undercutting blastholes 1 and the expanded blastholes 2 and the plunge cutting blasting advancing direction may be 0 °, 10 °, 20 °, 30 °, 45 °, and the like.
In at least one embodiment, the included angle between the length direction of the undercut blastholes 1 and the expanded blastholes 2 and the plunge cut blasting footage direction is 0 degree, namely the length direction of the undercut blastholes 1 and the expanded blastholes 2 is parallel to the plunge cut blasting footage direction.
Before the hole distribution step, hole distribution, charging and blasting parameters need to be designed according to blasting conditions and blasting requirements, and the hole distribution, charging and blasting parameters mainly comprise the directions, the diameters, the lengths, the hole intervals, the annular diameters, the number of blast holes, the number of layers N, the charging structures, the initiation sequence and the like of the cut blast holes 1 and the expanded blast holes 2.
Wherein, the undercut blasthole 1 and the expanded blasthole 2 are arranged in the radial fracture area of the blasthole, the length direction is approximately along the undercut footage direction, the length of the blasthole is more than or equal to the undercut footage, and the parameters such as the distance between adjacent blastholes, the annular diameter, the number of the blastholes and the like meet certain mathematical relations.
In some embodiments, the distance between two adjacent undercut blastholes 1 is less than or equal to the radial fracture zone of a single undercut blasthole 1; each cut blast hole 1 is distributed in a first circular shape, and the diameter of the first circular shape is less than or equal to 2 times of the radial fracture area of each cut blast hole 1; the radial crack area = 8-150 times of the diameter of the cut blast hole 1; the number of the undercut blastholes 1 = pi/arcsin (the distance between two adjacent undercut blastholes 1/the diameter of the first circular ring).
The underholing blast hole 1 and the slot-expanding blast hole 2 can be shallow holes, medium-length holes or large-diameter deep holes, and the diameter of the blast hole is the diameter range of the blast hole which can be constructed by various rock drilling equipment.
In particular, the radial fracture zone may be 8, 20, 50, 100, 150 times, etc. the diameter of the undercut blasthole 1.
In at least one embodiment, the radial fracture zone is 8-20 times the diameter of the undercut blasthole 1.
In some embodiments, the spacing of two adjacent expanded slot blastholes 2 = circumferential spacing by blasthole concentration factor; the annular space = 3-50 times of the diameter of the blast hole of the slot-expanding blast hole 2, and the blast hole density coefficient is 0.5-10; each slot expanding blast hole 2 is distributed in a second circular ring shape, and the diameter of the second circular ring shape is equal to the diameter of the first circular ring shape plus 2 times of the ring spacing; the number of the expanded slot blastholes 2 = pi/arcsin (the distance between two adjacent expanded slot blastholes 2/the second circular ring diameter).
Specifically, the ring pitch may be 3, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 times, etc. the hole diameter of the expanded groove hole 2.
In addition, the hole packing factor may be 0.5, 2, 5, 10, etc.
In at least one embodiment, the hole packing factor is 1-2.
In some embodiments, the blasting interval between each undercut blasthole 1 and each expanded blasthole 2 in the same layer is 25-150ms, and the blasting interval between two adjacent layers in the undercut blasting footage direction is 25-150ms.
Specifically, taking fig. 10 as an example, each undercut blasthole 1 and each enlarged blasthole 2 are divided into 2 layers, which follow the following initiation sequence: firstly blasting first explosives 3 in a first layer of the slotted blast holes 1, then blasting second explosives in a first layer of the expanded slotted blast holes 2, then blasting the first explosives 3 in a second layer of the slotted blast holes 1, and finally blasting the second explosives in a second layer of the expanded slotted blast holes 2.
As shown in fig. 10, a circular truncated cone space is formed after each layer of first explosives 3 in the undercut blast hole 1 explodes, and two circular truncated cone spaces in the footage direction are formed after two layers of first explosives 3 explode and are sequentially accumulated and combined; and each layer of second explosive of the outer ring slot-expanding blast hole 2 forms a cylindrical space after explosion, and two cylindrical spaces in the footage direction are formed after the two layers of explosive bags are exploded and are sequentially accumulated and combined.
Wherein, the first explosive 3 in the same layer is blasted preferentially by the second explosive for 25-150ms, and the first explosive 3 in the next layer is blasted after the second explosive in the previous layer is blasted for 25-150ms between the adjacent layers.
The interval time may be 25ms, 50ms, 100ms, 150ms, or the like.
An embodiment of a second aspect of the present invention is to provide a large-footage undermining structure for multilayer circular truncated cone blasting, and as shown in fig. 9, the large-footage undermining structure for multilayer circular truncated cone blasting provided by the embodiment of the second aspect of the present invention includes at least three undermining blastholes 1 annularly distributed and at least three expanded blast holes 2 annularly distributed, and each expanded blast hole 2 is disposed around each undermining blasthole 1; and each undercut blast hole 1 and each expanded blast hole 2 are divided into N layers along the undercut blasting footage direction, a first explosive 3 is filled in each layer of undercut blast hole 1, and a second explosive is filled in each layer of expanded blast hole 2.
The large-footage undermining structure for multilayer circular truncated cone blasting breaks away from the hole distribution mode of traditional undermining blasting without undermining blasting, the first explosives 3 on each layer of the undermining blast holes 1 all exert the blasting energy enhancement effect of the annular blast holes in the direction of the parallel free surface, and the undermining blast holes 2 further enlarge the blasting space on the basis of the undermining blast holes 1, so that the large-footage undermining blasting undermining structure has the advantage of sufficient space after blasting.
The number of the undercut blastholes 1 and the expanded blastholes 2 can be three, four, five, six, seven, eight and the like. The numbers of the undercutting blast holes 1 and the expanding blast holes 2 can be consistent or inconsistent.
In at least one embodiment, the number of the expanded slotted blastholes 2 is more than the number of the undercut blastholes 1. As shown in fig. 9, the number of the undercut blastholes 1 is five, and the number of the enlarged blastholes 2 is eight.
In some embodiments, as shown in figure 10, the first explosive 3 comprises a first charge 31 and a barrier 32, the first charge 31 being located inside the barrier 32 in the drilling direction of the undercut blasthole 1.
The first explosive package 31 is internally provided with a detonator, and the detonator sections in the first explosive packages 31 in different layers are different, so that the purpose of layer-by-layer blasting is realized; the barrier 32 serves to isolate adjacent sections of the first pack 31, and the barrier 32 may be fine sand, drill cuttings, or the like.
In some embodiments, the second explosive comprises a plurality of second explosive charges 4 spaced apart in the direction of drilling of the reamed borehole 2; and the dosage of each section of the second explosive bag 4 is gradually increased along the drilling direction of the slot-expanding blast hole 2, so that the charging and blasting of the slot-expanding blast hole 2 are refined.
The second explosive charge 4 is internally provided with a detonator, the positions of the detonator sections in the second explosive charge 4 in different layers are different, and the positions of the detonator sections in the first explosive charge 31 and the second explosive charge 4 in the same layer are different, so that the aims of interval blasting in the layers and layer-by-layer blasting are fulfilled.
As shown in fig. 11, a plug 7 is inserted into the hole opening of the expanded hole 2.
In some embodiments, the included angle between the length direction of the undercut blastholes 1 and the expanded blast holes 2 and the plunge cutting blasting advance direction is less than or equal to 45 degrees. Specifically, as shown in fig. 10 and 12, the included angles between the longitudinal directions of the undercutting blastholes 1 and the expanded blastholes 2 and the plunge cutting blasting advancing direction may be 0 °, 10 °, 20 °, 30 °, 45 °, and the like.
In at least one embodiment, the included angle between the length direction of the undercut blastholes 1 and the expanded blastholes 2 and the plunge cut blasting footage direction is 0 degree, namely the length direction of the undercut blastholes 1 and the expanded blastholes 2 is parallel to the plunge cut blasting footage direction.
In summary, the method and structure for large-footage cut blasting in multilayer circular truncated cone blasting provided by the embodiment have the following advantages:
1. the structural form of multilayer annular blast holes is adopted, layer-by-layer blasting is carried out along the cut blasting footage direction during blasting, the side surface of a circular table space formed after the inner ring cut blast holes in the outer layer expanded blast holes are blasted is a blasting free surface, and a cylindrical space is formed after the outer layer expanded blast holes are blasted, so that a first explosive and a second explosive of a subsequent layer are always in a blasting environment without a clamped free surface, and the technical defects that only cutting is carried out in the conventional layered blasting, the free surface in the form of no-expansion-cut hole distribution is limited, the space after blasting is insufficient and the like are overcome;
2. the large-footage cut blasting structure for the layer circular truncated cone blasting gradually increases the dosage of each section of second explosive bag 4 in the same layer slot-expanded blast hole 2 along with the lengthening of the resistance line, and the refinement of the charging and blasting of the slot-expanded blast hole is realized.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit the same; while the invention has been described in detail and with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; and the modifications or the substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (12)
1. A large-footage cut blasting method for multilayer circular truncated cone blasting is characterized by comprising the following steps:
a hole distribution step: at least three cut blast holes (1) distributed annularly are distributed, and at least three expanded blast holes (2) are distributed around each cut blast hole (1);
a charging step: dividing each cut blast hole (1) and each expanded blast hole (2) into N layers along the cut blasting footage direction, filling a first explosive (3) into each layer of cut blast holes (1), and filling a second explosive into each layer of expanded blast holes (2);
the step of loading a second explosive into each layer of the slot-expanding blast holes (2) specifically comprises the following steps:
sequentially loading a plurality of sections of second explosive packages (4) into each layer of the slot-expanding blast holes (2) at intervals, and gradually increasing the dosage of each section of the second explosive package (4) in the slot-expanding blast holes (2) on the same layer along the drilling direction of the slot-expanding blast holes (2);
and (3) blasting: and blasting layer by layer along the cut blasting footage direction, wherein each cut blast hole (1) on the same layer is preferentially blasted into a circular truncated cone space, and the second explosive in each expanded blast hole (2) is blasted into a cylindrical space after delay.
2. The method of large-reach plunge-cut blasting of multilayer circular truncated cone blasting according to claim 1, wherein the loading of first explosives (3) into each layer of plunge-cut blastholes (1) specifically comprises:
and sequentially filling a first explosive package (31) and a barrier (32) into each layer of the cut blast holes (1).
3. The large-reach plunge-cut blasting method of multi-layer circular truncated cone blasting according to claim 2, characterized in that the length of said barrier (32) is 5-50 times the diameter of said plunge-cut blasthole (1).
4. The large-reach plunge-cut blasting method of multi-layer circular truncated cone blasting according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of sections of said second explosive charges (4) are arranged at equal intervals.
5. The large-footage plunge-cut blasting method of multilayer circular truncated cone blasting according to claim 1, wherein an included angle between the length direction of the plunge-cut blastholes (1) and the slot-expanded blastholes (2) and the footage direction of plunge-cut blasting is less than or equal to 45 °.
6. The large-footage plunge-cut blasting method of multilayer circular truncated cone blasting according to claim 1, characterized in that the distance between two adjacent plunge-cut blastholes (1) is less than or equal to the radial fracture area of a single plunge-cut blasthole (1);
each cut blast hole (1) is distributed in a first circular ring shape, and the diameter of each first circular ring shape is less than or equal to 2 times of the radial fracture area of each cut blast hole (1);
the radial fracture area = 8-150 times the diameter of the cut blast hole (1);
the number of the undercut blast holes (1) is = pi/arcsin (the distance between two adjacent undercut blast holes (1)/the diameter of the first circular ring).
7. The large-footage plunge-cut blasting method of multilayer circular truncated cone blasting according to claim 6, wherein the distance between two adjacent expanded blastholes (2) is = the ring distance and the blast hole density coefficient;
the annular distance = 3-50 times of the diameter of the expanded groove blast hole (2), and the density coefficient of the blast hole is 0.5-10;
each slot-expanding blast hole (2) is distributed in a second circular ring shape, and the diameter of the second circular ring shape is equal to the diameter of the first circular ring shape plus 2 times of the ring spacing;
the number of the expanded slot blast holes (2) is = pi/arcsin (the distance between two adjacent expanded slot blast holes (2)/the diameter of the second circular ring).
8. A large-reach plunge cut blasting method according to claim 1, characterized in that the blasting interval between each plunge cut blast hole (1) and each expanded blast hole (2) in the same layer is 25-150ms, and the blasting interval between two adjacent layers in the plunge cut blasting footage direction is 25-150ms.
9. A large-footage cut blasting structure for multilayer circular truncated cone blasting, which is used for the large-footage cut blasting method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, and comprises at least three cut blast holes (1) distributed annularly and at least three expanded blast holes (2) distributed annularly, wherein each expanded blast hole (2) is arranged around each cut blast hole (1);
the slotted blast holes (1) and the expanded blast holes (2) are divided into N layers along the slotted blasting footage direction, first explosives (3) are loaded into the slotted blast holes (1) on each layer, and second explosives are loaded into the expanded blast holes (2) on each layer.
10. The large-reach plunge-cut blasting structure of multi-layer circular bench blasting according to claim 9, characterized in that the first explosive (3) comprises a first charge (31) and a barrier (32), the first charge (31) being located inside the barrier (32) in the drilling direction of the plunge-cut blasthole (1).
11. The large-footage plunge-cut blasting structure of the multilayer circular truncated cone blasting according to claim 9, wherein the second explosive comprises a plurality of sections of second explosive charges (4) which are arranged at intervals in the drilling direction of the expanded blast hole (2);
and the dosage of each section of the second explosive package (4) is gradually increased along the drilling direction of the slot-expanding blast hole (2).
12. The structure of large-footage plunge-cut blasting of multilayer circular truncated cone blasting according to claim 9, wherein the included angle between the length direction of the plunge-cut blastholes (1) and the slot-expanded blastholes (2) and the footage direction of plunge-cut blasting is less than or equal to 45 °.
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