CN114963906B - Control method of blasting vibration - Google Patents

Abstract

The embodiment of the application provides a blasting vibration control method, which comprises the following steps: arranging N circles of annular blast holes along the cutting footage direction on the blasting working surface; the method comprises the steps of loading the explosive in a multi-layer explosive loading structure at a slitting blast hole and a slot expanding blast hole, loading the explosive in a multi-layer explosive loading structure or a continuous explosive loading structure at a side-tipping blast hole, and loading the explosive in a multi-explosive loading gradual change type explosive loading structure at an energy-gathering cutting blast hole; sequentially detonating different charge layers of the slitting blasthole and the expanding slitting blasthole along the slitting and footage direction, and detonating the slitting blasthole and the expanding slitting blasthole in the same charge layer; and detonating the side-collapse blast holes and the energy-gathering kerf blast holes in different circles sequentially from small to large according to the diameters of the circles, and detonating the blast holes in the same circle at intervals or detonating the blast holes integrally. Therefore, by adopting multi-layered charging, alternate blasting and proper inter-hole delay detonation sequence, proper delay time is determined, precise control of blasting vibration is realized, and the accuracy of the blasting vibration is improved.

Description

Control method of blasting vibration

Technical Field

The application relates to the technical field of blasting, in particular to a blasting vibration control method.

Background

In the prior art, aiming at a series of hazards caused by blasting vibration, the control is generally carried out at home and abroad by adopting schemes of reducing vibration source energy, blocking the propagation of seismic waves, creating good free surfaces and the like. The technique such as large-scale blasting and deep hole blasting is widely used because of high blasting efficiency, but at the same time, causes a certain blasting vibration damage to the surrounding environment, the building or the construction, the equipment and facilities, and the like. The prior blasting technology has the problem of lower blasting vibration control accuracy.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the technical problems, an embodiment of the present application provides a control method for blasting vibration.

In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a method for controlling blasting vibration, the method including:

n circles of annular blastholes are arranged on the blasting working face along the cutting and footage direction, the circles of annular blastholes are respectively numbered as ith annular blastholes from small to large according to the diameters of the circles, a plurality of blastholes are arranged on the ith annular blastholes, the number of the blastholes of the ith annular blastholes is determined according to the diameters of the circles and the distances between adjacent holes, i is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to N, the 1 st annular blasthole is a cutting blasthole, the 2 nd annular blasthole is a slot expanding blasthole, the 3 rd to N-1 rd annular blastholes are side-collapse blastholes, and the N annular blastholes are energy gathering cutting blastholes;

the method comprises the steps that a multi-layer charging structure is adopted for charging the cut blast hole and the expanded cut blast hole, the charging length of any layer of the cut blast hole is not more than 10 times of the number of square roots of the cut blast hole for 2 times, a multi-layer charging structure or a continuous charging structure is adopted for charging the side-collapse blast hole, and a multi-charge gradual change charging structure is adopted for charging the energy-gathering kerf blast hole;

the method comprises the steps that different charge layers of the slitting blast hole and the expanding blast hole are sequentially detonated along the slitting footage direction, the slitting blast hole and the expanding blast hole are detonated in the same charge layer, and reasonable delay time of adjacent delayed detonating is not less than the sum of time from development of a primary stress field to a free surface, time from formation of cracks in a rock body to start displacement and time from the beginning of displacement to formation of the free surface;

The side-collapse blast holes and the energy-gathering kerf blast holes are sequentially detonated from small to large according to the diameters of the rings, and the blast holes in the same ring of the side-collapse blast holes and the energy-gathering kerf blast holes are detonated at intervals in groups or are detonated integrally.

In one embodiment, the method further comprises;

respectively setting monitoring points at a plurality of objects to be protected with different blasting center distances according to a tight disturbation and logarithmic arrangement strategy, and testing the blasting vibration of the annular blast holes to obtain blasting vibration waveforms at the positions of the objects to be protected;

and obtaining a blasting vibration analysis result according to the blasting vibration waveform of each object to be protected.

In one embodiment, the effective hole depth of the 1 st to N-1 st circles of annular blast holes is the maximum depth of the bottom surface of the multi-layer charge, and the effective hole depth of the N th circles of annular blast holes is the maximum depth of the bottom surface of the multi-layer charge;

the effective hole depth of the 3 rd to N th annular blast holes is less than 50% of the total feeding ruler of the combined space after the multi-layer explosive loading is exploded.

In an embodiment, the method for loading the undercut blast hole and the expanded blast hole with a multi-layer loading structure comprises:

the slotting blast holes and the expanding slot blast holes adopt physically-spaced multilayer charging structures in the axial direction;

The side-tipping blast hole adopts a multilayer charging structure to charge, and comprises:

the side-collapse blast hole adopts a solid or air-spaced multilayer charging structure in the axial direction;

the energy-gathering kerf blast hole adopts a multi-medicine bag gradual change type charging structure to charge, and the method comprises the following steps:

the energy-gathering kerf blast hole adopts an air-spaced multi-medicine-bag gradual change type charging structure.

In one embodiment, the method further comprises:

any charge layer of the slitting blast hole adopts axial continuous charge;

the charge length of any layer of the slitting blast hole is determined according to the following formula:

wherein h represents the charge length of any layer of the slitting blast hole, K represents the number of the slitting blast holes, and d represents the single hole diameter of the slitting blast hole.

In one embodiment, the method further comprises:

any one of the charging layers of the expanding slot blast hole adopts axial continuous charging or multi-cartridge air spaced charging.

In an embodiment, the number of charges of the multi-charge graded charging structure is greater than or equal to the number of charges of the multi-charge graded charging structure, and the lengths of the charges of the multi-charge graded charging structure are sequentially reduced from the orifice to the hole bottom.

In one embodiment, the slotting blast holes and the expanding slot blast holes adopt M layers of charging structures with solid intervals in the axial direction, wherein M is more than or equal to 2;

The method further comprises the steps of:

sequentially naming layers of medicine bags in the slitting blast hole and the expanding blast hole from the hole opening to the hole bottom as a j-th layer, wherein j is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to M, and M is the number of layers of the multilayer medicine filling structure; the depth of the loading bottom surface of each layer of medicine bag of the expanding slot blast hole is smaller than or equal to that of the corresponding layer of medicine bag of the slitting blast hole.

In an embodiment, the slitting big gun hole with expand different charge layers of slitting big gun hole are detonated along slitting footage direction in proper order, the slitting big gun hole with expand earlier slitting big gun hole, later expand the perforation detonation of slitting big gun hole in the same charge layer of slitting big gun hole, include:

the detonation sequence of the M layers of explosive packages of the slitting blast hole and the expanding blast hole is that the ith layer of the slitting blast hole is firstly and then the ith layer of the expanding blast hole is detonated, wherein i is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to M;

the delay time of adjacent delayed detonations is determined according to the following formula:

T≥T ₁ +T ₂ +T ₃

wherein T represents the delay time of adjacent delayed detonations, T ₁ Representing the time for the primary stress field to develop to the free surface, T ₂ T represents the time from the formation of a fracture in the rock mass to the onset of displacement ₃ Indicating the time from the start of displacement to the formation of the free surface.

In one embodiment, the method further comprises:

The time for the preliminary stress field to develop to the free surface is determined according to the following equation:

the time from the formation of a fracture in the rock mass to the onset of displacement is determined according to the following formula:

the time from the start of displacement to the formation of the free surface is determined according to the following formula:

/>

wherein T is ₁ Represents the time for the primary stress field to develop to the free surface, ω represents the minimum resistance line, cp represents the stress wave propagation velocity, V _C Represents crack expansion speed, T ₂ Represents the time from the formation of a fracture in the rock mass to the onset of displacement, η _C The rock mass fracture coefficient is represented, beta represents the opening angle of a blasting hopper, r represents the rock volume weight, and d represents the blast hole diameter.

In one embodiment, the method further comprises:

the fracture propagation rate was calculated according to the following formula:

wherein γ=80×10 ^-6 ～100×10 ^-6 。

In an embodiment, the side-tipping blast hole and the energy-gathering lancing blast hole are detonated at intervals in groups in the same circle, and the side-tipping blast hole and the energy-gathering lancing blast hole comprise:

under the allowable condition of single-shot explosive quantity, the side-collapse blast holes and the inner blast holes of the same circle of energy-gathering kerf blast holes are divided into J+1 groups, J blast holes are spaced from adjacent blast holes in each group, and inter-group blast holes are sequentially detonated and intra-group blast holes are detonated simultaneously, wherein J is more than or equal to 1.

In an embodiment, the setting monitoring points at the multiple objects to be protected with different explosion distances according to the tight disturbs and logarithmic arrangement strategy includes:

The number of the monitoring points gradually changes from dense to sparse along with the increase of the distance between the object to be protected and the explosion source;

the distances between the monitoring points and the explosion sources are distributed logarithmically.

In one embodiment, the method further comprises:

and arranging the monitoring points at target positions of the objects to be protected, wherein the target positions are the positions closest to the straight line of the explosion source, the weakest in shock resistance and/or the highest in level to be protected.

In one embodiment, the method further comprises:

when a plurality of objects to be protected exist on the monitoring line, monitoring points are distributed on the monitoring line in an equidistant distribution mode;

the connection line of the explosion source and the monitoring point is prevented from passing through the empty area or the heterogeneous entity.

In an embodiment, the obtaining the blasting vibration analysis result according to the blasting vibration waveform of each object to be protected includes:

linearly superposing blasting vibration waveforms at different objects to be protected according to any delay time to obtain superposition peak values of different superposition conditions;

generating a relation curve of delay time and superposition peak value speed according to different superposition conditions;

and counting and obtaining delay time intervals of each object to be protected, wherein the superposition peak value speed of the delay time intervals is smaller than any one of the single peak value vibration speed, the control vibration speed and the double peak value vibration speed.

According to the blasting vibration control method, N circles of annular blastholes are formed in the blasting working face along the cutting and footage direction, and the circles of the annular blastholes are respectively numbered as the ith circle of annular blastholes from small to large according to the circle diameter; the method comprises the steps that a multi-layer charging structure is adopted for charging the cut blast hole and the expanded cut blast hole, the charging length of any layer of the cut blast hole is not more than 10 times of the number of square roots of the cut blast hole for 2 times, a multi-layer charging structure or a continuous charging structure is adopted for charging the side-collapse blast hole, and a multi-charge gradual change charging structure is adopted for charging the energy-gathering kerf blast hole; the method comprises the steps that the slitting blasthole and the expanding slitting blasthole are sequentially detonated along the slitting and footage direction between different charging layers, and the slitting blasthole and the expanding slitting blasthole are detonated in the same charging layer firstly by slitting and then expanding slitting; the side-collapse blast holes and the energy-gathering kerf blast holes are sequentially detonated from small to large according to the diameters of the rings, and the blast holes in the same ring of the side-collapse blast holes and the energy-gathering kerf blast holes are detonated at intervals in groups or are detonated integrally. Therefore, by adopting multi-layered charging, alternate blasting and proper inter-hole delay detonation sequence, proper delay time is determined, precise control of blasting vibration is realized, and the accuracy of the blasting vibration is improved.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the present application, the drawings that are required for the embodiments will be briefly described, it being understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present application and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope of protection of the present application. Like elements are numbered alike in the various figures.

Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a blasting vibration control method according to an embodiment of the present application;

fig. 2 is another flow chart of a blasting vibration control method according to an embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 3 illustrates a schematic cross-sectional view of an annular blast hole provided in an embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 4 illustrates a partial schematic cross-sectional view of an annular blast hole provided in an embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a longitudinal section of an annular blast hole according to an embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a blast vibration waveform provided by an embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a superimposed waveform according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 8 illustrates another superimposed waveform schematic provided by an embodiment of the present application;

fig. 9 shows another superimposed waveform schematic provided by an embodiment of the present application.

Icon: 1-blasting free surface, 2-blasting profile surface, 3-orifice, 4-hole bottom, 5-1 st layer of charging range, 6-2 nd layer of charging range, 7-air interval gradual change type multi-charge, 8-entity interval, 9-air interval, 201-1 st round annular blast hole, 202-2 nd round annular blast hole, 203-3 rd round annular blast hole, 204-4 th round annular blast hole, 205-5 th round annular blast hole.

Detailed Description

The following description of the embodiments of the present application will be made clearly and completely with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present application, not all embodiments.

The components of the embodiments of the present application, which are generally described and illustrated in the figures herein, may be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations. Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present application, as provided in the accompanying drawings, is not intended to limit the scope of the application, as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the application. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present application without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the present application.

In the following, the terms "comprises", "comprising", "having" and their cognate terms may be used in various embodiments of the present application are intended only to refer to a particular feature, number, step, operation, element, component, or combination of the foregoing, and should not be interpreted as first excluding the existence of or increasing the likelihood of one or more other features, numbers, steps, operations, elements, components, or combinations of the foregoing.

Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," "third," and the like are used merely to distinguish between descriptions and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

Unless otherwise defined, all terms (including technical and scientific terms) used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which various embodiments of this application belong. The terms (such as those defined in commonly used dictionaries) will be interpreted as having a meaning that is identical to the meaning of the context in the relevant art and will not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense unless expressly so defined herein in connection with the various embodiments.

In the prior art, aiming at a series of hazards caused by blasting vibration, schemes such as reducing vibration source energy, blocking propagation of seismic waves, creating good free surfaces and the like are generally adopted at home and abroad for control, and the schemes are briefly described below.

The vibration source energy reducing scheme mainly comprises the following steps: controlling the maximum drug loading of a single section, selecting reasonable delay time and creating a good free surface. The reason for controlling the maximum drug loading of a single section is as follows: the single-stage maximum loading represents the maximum instantaneous input energy in the explosion, and the maximum instantaneous input energy plays a decisive role in the structural damage, and the reduction of the single-stage maximum loading is the simplest and effective method for reducing the explosion vibration intensity. The reason for choosing a reasonable delay time is as follows: the delay time is the key for realizing the delay blasting vibration reduction, and the unreasonable delay time can not reduce vibration, but can increase the blasting vibration intensity. The reason for creating a good free surface is as follows: the good free surface is beneficial to the rapid dilution of the explosive explosion energy, so that the energy transmitted in the form of earthquake waves is reduced, the blocking of blast holes and the manufacturing of clamps can be reduced, the formation of 'stuffy gun' can be avoided, and the blasting vibration effect is reduced.

The scheme for blocking the propagation of the seismic wave mainly comprises the following steps: adopts a presplitting blasting technique, presets a vibration damping ditch or a vibration damping hole and adopts comprehensive control measures. The main process of adopting the pre-splitting blasting technology is as follows: in the presplitting blasting process, when the adjacent presplitting holes are detonated, initial cracks appear on the rock of the hole wall along the center line of the hole under the action of strong impact pressure and stress waves, and the cracks are expanded and communicated under the action of quasi-static stress of explosive gas, so that the presplitting holes with certain depth and width are finally formed.

The reason for presetting the vibration damping grooves or holes is as follows: a vibration damping groove or a vibration damping hole is preset between the explosion region and the protection object, and the vibration damping groove or the vibration damping hole can reflect and interfere the propagation of seismic waves, so that the attenuation of the seismic waves is accelerated, and the explosion vibration intensity is reduced.

The reason for adopting the comprehensive control measures is as follows: the blasting vibration control is an integrated technology, and a single control technical measure is difficult to achieve an ideal vibration reduction target on the premise of ensuring blasting effect and construction progress. Therefore, in order to reduce the explosion vibration intensity to the greatest extent, various control technical measures should be comprehensively applied according to the terrain and geological conditions of the explosion region and the surrounding environment factors, so that the vibration reduction effect is exerted to the greatest extent in engineering practice.

The technique such as large-scale blasting and deep hole blasting is widely used because of high blasting efficiency, but at the same time, causes a certain blasting vibration damage to the surrounding environment, the building or the construction, the equipment and facilities, and the like. In order to control the blasting vibration, various schemes such as layered charging, delayed detonation and the like are proposed, but the following technical defects still exist: (1) Under the condition of single free surface, the conventional multi-layered explosive charge blasting scheme is difficult to overcome the technical defect of serious single free surface clamping and difficult to realize multi-layered explosive charge along with the increase of the depth of a blast hole; (2) Often, the delay detonation time is determined by taking engineering experience or an empirical formula as a basis, and a fully effective theoretical calculation scheme is lacked; (3) The fine design degree of the explosive loading blasting parameters such as the explosive loading structure, the blasting mode and the like is not enough, and the accurate control of blasting vibration is difficult to realize; (4) Conventional analysis is only performed on the blasting vibration field test, and post analysis is not performed by means of function equations, simulation calculations and the like for optimization. Overall, the existing blasting technique has the problem that the blasting vibration control accuracy is relatively low.

Example 1

The embodiment of the disclosure provides a blasting vibration control method, which is suitable for blasting vibration control of various tunneling projects, mining projects, geotechnical projects and the like.

Specifically, referring to fig. 1, fig. 1 is a flow chart illustrating a method for controlling blasting vibration according to an embodiment of the present application, where, as shown in fig. 1, the method for controlling blasting vibration includes:

step S101, arranging N circles of annular blastholes on a blasting working surface along the cutting and footage direction, wherein the circles of annular blastholes are respectively numbered as an ith circle of annular blastholes from small to large according to the circle diameter, and a plurality of blastholes are arranged in the ith circle of annular blastholes.

In the embodiment, the number of the ith annular blast holes is determined according to the circle diameter and the distance between adjacent holes, i is more than or equal to 1 and N is more than or equal to N.

N is a positive integer, and i is a positive integer of 1 or more and N or less, which is determined according to actual conditions such as tunneling, mining, geotechnical engineering, and the like. For example, N may take 5 or other values, and is not limited herein.

In one embodiment, the 1 st round of annular blast holes are undercut blast holes, the 2 nd round of annular blast holes are expansion blast holes, the 3 rd to N-1 th round of annular blast holes are side collapse blast holes, and the N th round of annular blast holes are energy gathering kerf blast holes.

The effective hole depth of the 1 st to N-1 th circles of annular blast holes is the maximum depth of the bottom surface of the multi-layer explosive charge, the effective hole depth of the N th circles of annular blast holes is the maximum depth of the bottom surface of the multi-explosive charge, and the effective hole depth of the 3 rd to N circles of annular blast holes is less than 50% of the total feeding rule of the combined space after the multi-layer explosive charge is exploded.

In the embodiment, any layer of charge of the undercut blast holes is charged, and each charge layer adopts axial continuous charge, so that the charge length of each layer is h, the number of the blast holes is K, and the diameter of a single hole is d, so that the requirements of

Any layer of charge for the slot expanding blast hole can be filled with axial continuous charge or multi-cartridge air spaced charge. The side-collapse blast hole adopts an M-layer charge structure or a continuous charge structure with solid or air spacing in the axial direction. The multiple medicine bag gradual change type medicine filling structure is that the number of the multiple medicine bags is generally not less than M, and the medicine bag length is sequentially reduced from the orifice to the hole bottom.

Exemplary, the following description will take N as 5 and set 5 circles of annular blastholes and 2 layers of bags in the cutting direction on the blasting face as an example in conjunction with fig. 3, 4 and 5.

Referring to fig. 3, fig. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the annular blast hole. As shown in fig. 3, 5 circles of annular blastholes are arranged on the blasting face along the cutting direction. The annular blastholes 201, 202, 203, 204 and 205 are named as 1 st annular blasthole, 2 nd annular blasthole, 3 rd annular blasthole, 4 th annular blasthole and 5 th annular blasthole in order from small to large according to the ring diameters of the annular blasthole rings. The 1 st round of annular blast holes 201 have 10 blast holes, the 2 nd round of annular blast holes 202 have 12 blast holes, the 3 rd round of annular blast holes 203 have 16 blast holes, the 4 th round of annular blast holes 204 have 22 blast holes, and the 5 th round of annular blast holes 205 have 40 blast holes.

Referring to fig. 4, fig. 4 is a partial schematic view showing a cross section of the annular blast hole shown in fig. 3, and in particular, fig. 4 is a partial schematic view showing a 1/4 annular blast hole cross section of the annular blast hole shown in fig. 3, which is identical to a sector area at a lower right corner of the cross section of the annular blast hole shown in fig. 3. In fig. 3, a burst profile 2, an orifice 3 and a hole bottom 4 are shown. In fig. 4, the burst profile 2, the orifice 3 and the hole bottom 4 are also shown.

Referring to fig. 5, fig. 5 is a schematic longitudinal section view of an annular blast hole according to an embodiment of the present application. As shown in fig. 5, the 1 st round of annular blast holes are cut blast holes, the 2 nd round of annular blast holes are spread blast holes, the 3 rd round of annular blast holes and the 4 th round of annular blast holes are side-collapse blast holes, and the 5 th round of annular blast holes are energy-gathering and kerf blast holes. In fig. 5 there are shown a blasting free surface 1, a layer 1 charge range 5, a layer 2 charge range 6, an air-spaced graded multi-charge 7, a physical space 8 and an air space 9.

In one embodiment, the effective hole depth of the 1 st to N-1 st circles of annular blast holes is the maximum depth of the bottom surface of the multi-layer charge, and the effective hole depth of the N th circles of annular blast holes is the maximum depth of the bottom surface of the multi-layer charge;

The effective hole depth of the 3 rd to N th annular blast holes is less than 50% of the total feeding ruler of the combined space after the multi-layer explosive loading is exploded.

For example, in the tunneling blasting of the 5-round annular blasthole and the 2-layer charge shown in fig. 3, the effective hole depths of the 1 st round annular blasthole 201 and the 2 nd round annular blasthole 202 are (substantially) equal to the combined space total size after the 2-layer charge blasting. The effective hole depth of the 3 rd round annular blast hole 203, the 4 th round annular blast hole 204 and the 5 th round annular blast hole 205 is less than 50% of the total feeding rule of the combined space after 2 layers of explosive are exploded.

Step S102, the multi-layer charging structure is adopted for charging the slitting blast hole and the expanding blast hole, the multi-layer charging structure or the continuous charging structure is adopted for charging the side-tipping blast hole, and the multi-charge gradual change type charging structure is adopted for charging the energy-gathering lancing blast hole.

In this embodiment, the length of any one layer of charge of the undercut blast holes is not more than 10 times of the number of 2 times square roots of the undercut blast holes.

Specifically, the slitting big gun hole with expand the groove big gun hole and adopt multilayer loading structure to carry out the loading, include:

the slotting blast holes and the expanding slot blast holes adopt physically-spaced multilayer charging structures in the axial direction;

the side-tipping blast hole adopts a multilayer charging structure to charge, and comprises:

The side-collapse blast hole adopts a solid or air-spaced multilayer charging structure in the axial direction;

the energy-gathering kerf blast hole adopts a multi-medicine bag gradual change type charging structure to charge, and the method comprises the following steps:

the energy-gathering kerf blast hole adopts an air-spaced multi-medicine-bag gradual change type charging structure.

The method is further described in that axial continuous charging is adopted in any layer of charging layers of the 1 st round of annular blast hole, namely, each charging layer of the undercut blast hole, and the charging length can be calculated according to the number of the blast holes and the diameter of the blast holes.

In an embodiment, the control method of blasting vibration further includes:

any charge layer of the slitting blast hole adopts axial continuous charge;

the charge length of any layer of the slitting blast hole is determined according to the following formula:

wherein h represents the charge length of any layer of the slitting blast hole, K represents the number of the slitting blast holes, and d represents the single hole diameter of the slitting blast hole.

In fig. 3, any layer of the annular blast hole 202 of the 2 nd round is charged, and each charging layer can adopt axial continuous charging or multi-cartridge air-spaced charging. The 3 rd round annular blastholes 203 and the fourth round annular blastholes adopt solid or air-spaced 2-layer charge structures or continuous charge structures in the axial direction. The 5 th round of annular blast holes 205 adopts an air-spaced multi-medicine-bag gradual change type medicine charging structure, the number of the multi-medicine bags is generally not less than 2, and the medicine bag length is sequentially reduced from the hole opening to the hole bottom.

The further supplementary explanation is that the slitting blast hole and the expanding blast hole adopt solid-spaced multilayer charging structures in the axial direction, the charging length of any layer of the slitting blast hole is not more than 10 times of the number of square roots of 2 times of the slitting blast hole, and the charging bottom surface depth of any layer of the expanding blast hole is not more than the charging bottom surface depth of the corresponding layer of the slitting blast hole. The energy-gathering kerf blast hole adopts an air-spaced multi-medicine-bag gradual change type charging structure.

In an embodiment, the control method of blasting vibration further includes:

any one of the charging layers of the expanding slot blast hole adopts axial continuous charging or multi-cartridge air spaced charging.

In an embodiment, the number of charges of the multi-charge graded charging structure is greater than or equal to the number of charges of the multi-charge graded charging structure, and the lengths of the charges of the multi-charge graded charging structure are sequentially reduced from the orifice to the hole bottom.

Referring to fig. 5, the air-spaced graded multi-pack 7 of fig. 5 comprises 3 packs, and the 3 packs decrease in length from the orifice to the bottom.

In one embodiment, the slotting blast holes and the expanding slot blast holes adopt M layers of charging structures with solid intervals in the axial direction, wherein M is more than or equal to 2;

the blasting vibration control method further comprises the following steps:

Sequentially naming layers of medicine bags in the slitting blast hole and the expanding blast hole from the hole opening to the hole bottom as a j-th layer, wherein j is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to M, and M is the number of layers of the multilayer medicine filling structure; the depth of the loading bottom surface of each layer of medicine bag of the expanding slot blast hole is smaller than or equal to that of the corresponding layer of medicine bag of the slitting blast hole.

For example, in the tunneling blasting of 5 circles of annular blastholes and 2 layers of explosive charges shown in fig. 5, the 1 st circle of annular blastholes are cut blastholes, the 2 nd circle of annular blastholes are spread blastholes, the 1 st circle of annular blastholes and the 2 nd circle of annular blastholes adopt 2 layers of explosive structures with solid intervals in the axial direction, and are named as 1 st layer and 2 nd layer in sequence from the hole opening to the hole bottom direction. The depth of the annular blast holes of the 2 nd circle on the bottom surface of any layer of the powder charge is not more than that of the annular blast holes of the 1 st circle on the bottom surface of the powder charge of the corresponding layer. In fig. 5, the 5 th ring is a energy-gathering kerf blast hole, and the included angle between the energy-gathering kerf blast hole and the blasting free surface 1 is 87 degrees.

Step S103, sequentially detonating different charge layers of the slitting blast hole and the expanding blast hole along the slitting footage direction, wherein the slitting blast hole and the expanding blast hole are detonated in the same charge layer, and the reasonable delay time of adjacent delayed detonating is not less than the sum of the time of the primary stress field developing to the free surface, the time from the formation of cracks in the rock body to the start of displacement and the time from the start of displacement to the formation of the free surface.

For example, if the 1 st round annular blasthole and the 2 nd round annular blasthole have 2-layer charge structures, the delayed initiation is performed according to the sequence of the 1 st layer charge of the first annular blasthole, the 1 st layer charge of the 2 nd annular blasthole, the 2 nd layer charge of the 1 st annular blasthole, and the 2 nd layer charge of the 2 nd annular blasthole, and the suitable delay time for inter-hole delayed initiation is greater than or equal to a preset delay threshold, that is, the suitable delay time between the first layer charge of the first annular blasthole and the first layer charge of the second annular blasthole, the suitable delay time between the first layer charge of the second annular blasthole and the second layer charge of the first annular blasthole, and the suitable delay time between the second layer charge of the first annular blasthole and the second layer charge of the second annular blasthole are all greater than or equal to the preset delay threshold, wherein the preset crack is a time for forming a free surface, and a time for forming a free surface and a time for a displacement from the initial surface to the initiation.

Specifically, referring to fig. 3, as shown in fig. 3, the detonation sequence is detonation according to the numbers 1d to 10 d. Specifically, the 1 st annular blast hole and the 2 nd annular blast holes adopt in-hole and inter-hole delayed detonation, and the detonation sequence is as follows: the 1 st layer of medicine bags 1d of the 1 st round of annular blast holes, the 2 nd round of annular blast holes, the 1 st layer of medicine bags 2d, the 1 st round of annular blast holes, the 2 nd layer of medicine bags 3d, and the 2 nd round of annular blast holes, the 2 nd layer of medicine bags 4d.

In an embodiment, step S103 may include:

the detonation sequence of the M layers of explosive packages of the slitting blast hole and the expanding blast hole is that the ith layer of the slitting blast hole is firstly and then the ith layer of the expanding blast hole is detonated, wherein i is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to M;

the delay time of adjacent delayed detonations is determined according to the following formula:

T≥T ₁ +T ₂ +T ₃ ；

wherein T represents the delay time of adjacent delayed detonations, T ₁ Representing the time for the primary stress field to develop to the free surface, T ₂ T represents the time from the formation of a fracture in the rock mass to the onset of displacement ₃ Indicating the time from the start of displacement to the formation of the free surface.

In an embodiment, the control method of blasting vibration further includes:

the time for the preliminary stress field to develop to the free surface is determined according to the following equation:

the time from the formation of a fracture in the rock mass to the onset of displacement is determined according to the following formula:

The time from the start of displacement to the formation of the free surface is determined according to the following formula:

wherein T is ₁ Represents the time for the primary stress field to develop to the free surface, ω represents the minimum resistance line, minimumThe units of the resistance line are meter, cp represents the propagation speed of the stress wave, the units of the propagation speed of the stress wave are meter/second, V _C Represents the crack extension speed, the unit of the crack extension speed is meter/second, T ₂ Represents the time from the formation of a fracture in the rock mass to the onset of displacement, η _C The rock mass fracture coefficient is expressed as average fracture number, eta, in each meter of length _C Beta is less than or equal to 1, beta represents the opening angle of the blasting hopper, r represents the volume weight of rock, the volume weight of rock is in kilograms per cubic meter, d represents the diameter of a blast hole, and the diameter of the blast hole is in millimeters.

In an embodiment, the control method of blasting vibration further includes:

the fracture propagation rate was calculated according to the following formula:

wherein V is _C Represents crack growth rate, C _p Representing the propagation velocity of the stress wave, γ=80×10 ^-6 ～100×10 ^-6 。

And S104, detonating the side-collapse blast holes and the energy-gathering lancing blast holes from small to large according to the diameters of the different circles, and detonating the side-collapse blast holes and the energy-gathering lancing blast holes in the same circle at intervals in groups or detonating the side-collapse blast holes and the energy-gathering lancing blast holes integrally.

Therefore, by adopting multi-layered charging, alternate blasting and proper inter-hole delay detonation sequence, proper delay time is determined, precise control of blasting vibration is realized, and the accuracy of the blasting vibration is improved.

In an embodiment, the detonation is sequentially performed between different circles of the side-collapse blast hole and the energy-gathering kerf blast hole according to the diameters of the circles from small to large, and the detonation method comprises the following steps:

under the allowable condition of single-shot explosive quantity, the side-collapse blast holes and the inner blast holes of the same circle of energy-gathering kerf blast holes are divided into J+1 groups, J blast holes are spaced from adjacent blast holes in each group, and inter-group blast holes are sequentially detonated and intra-group blast holes are detonated simultaneously, wherein J is more than or equal to 1.

In this embodiment, the 3 rd to N-1 th annular blast holes are side-collapse blast holes, the N th annular blast holes are energy-gathering kerf blast holes, and the detonation sequence between the side-collapse blast holes and the energy-gathering kerf blast holes is: the 3 rd to the N th annular blastholes are initiated by adopting inter-hole delay, and the adjacent annular blastholes are initiated sequentially from small to large according to the diameters of the circles, and the blastholes in the same circle are initiated at intervals or are initiated integrally. The blasting holes in the same circle of side-collapse blasting holes and energy-gathering kerf blasting holes are subjected to grouping interval detonation: under the allowable condition of single-shot explosive quantity, the same circle of inner blastholes are divided into J+1 groups, the adjacent blastholes in each group are separated by J (J is more than or equal to 1) blastholes, and the inter-group blastholes are sequentially detonated and the intra-group blastholes are detonated simultaneously. Taking the case that the same circle of inner blast holes are divided into 2 groups of medicine bags as an example, the meaning of the same circle of inner blast holes grouping and interval detonation is as follows: under the allowable condition of single-shot explosive quantity, 1 blast hole is spaced from adjacent blast holes in each group, and the inter-group blast holes are sequentially detonated, and the intra-group blast holes are detonated simultaneously.

As shown in fig. 3, the third to fifth annular blast holes are subjected to inter-hole delayed detonation, and the detonation sequence is as follows: the number of the annular blastholes is 5d, the number of the annular blastholes is 6d, the number of the annular blastholes is 7d, the number of the annular blastholes is 8d, the number of the annular blastholes is 9d, and the number of the annular blastholes is 10 d. The reasonable delay time T for the inter-aperture adjacent delayed detonation can be determined according to the following formula:

T≥T ₁ +T ₂ +T ₃ ；

wherein T represents reasonable delay time of adjacent delay initiation among holes, T ₁ Representing the time, T, of the development of the primary stress field to the free surface ₂ Indicating the time from the formation of a fracture in the rock mass to the onset of displacement T ₃ Indicating the time from the start of displacement to the formation of the free surface.

For example as above, a reasonable delay time for delayed detonation between the 5d numbered borehole and the 6d numbered borehole may be determined according to the above equation that calculates the appropriate delay time T.

Referring to fig. 2, fig. 2 is another flow chart of the blasting vibration control method, and as shown in fig. 2, the blasting vibration control method further includes:

And step 105, respectively setting monitoring points at a plurality of objects to be protected with different explosion distances according to a tight distance and logarithmic arrangement strategy, and testing the annular blast hole explosion vibration to obtain explosion vibration waveforms at the positions of the objects to be protected.

In an embodiment, the setting monitoring points at the multiple objects to be protected with different explosion distances according to the tight disturbs and logarithmic arrangement strategy includes:

the number of the monitoring points gradually changes from dense to sparse along with the increase of the distance between the object to be protected and the explosion source;

the distances between the monitoring points and the explosion sources are distributed logarithmically.

In this embodiment, monitoring points are distributed at the positions of objects to be protected at different distances from the explosion center according to a near-density far-scattering and logarithmic arrangement strategy, and annular blasthole explosion vibration is tested to obtain single-segment explosion vibration waveforms at different positions of the objects to be protected, as shown in fig. 6, and S1 represents the single-segment explosion vibration waveforms.

In an embodiment, the control method of blasting vibration further includes:

and arranging the monitoring points at target positions of the objects to be protected, wherein the target positions are the positions closest to the straight line of the explosion source, the weakest in shock resistance and/or the highest in level to be protected.

Therefore, the distance between the monitoring points and the explosion source is gradually increased along with the increase of the distance between the monitoring points and the explosion source, the distances between the monitoring points and the explosion source are in logarithmic distribution, the monitoring points are arranged at the positions with the nearest linear distance, the weakest shock resistance and the highest to-be-protected grade, and the detection accuracy of the explosion vibration waveform of the monitoring points can be improved.

In an embodiment, the control method of blasting vibration further includes:

when a plurality of objects to be protected exist on the monitoring line, monitoring points are distributed on the monitoring line in an equidistant distribution mode;

the connection line of the explosion source and the monitoring point is prevented from passing through the empty area or the heterogeneous entity.

Thus, if a plurality of objects to be protected exist on the same monitoring line, equidistant and uniform distribution points are adopted; the connection line of the explosion source and the monitoring point avoids passing through the empty area or the heterogeneous entity as far as possible, and the detection accuracy of the explosion vibration waveform of the monitoring point can be improved.

And S106, acquiring a blasting vibration analysis result according to the blasting vibration waveform of each object to be protected.

In this way, monitoring points are respectively arranged at a plurality of objects to be protected with different blasting center distances according to a tight disturbation and logarithmic arrangement strategy, and the blasting vibration of the annular blast holes is tested to obtain blasting vibration waveforms at the positions of the objects to be protected; and acquiring a blasting vibration analysis result according to the blasting vibration waveform of each object to be protected, so as to realize accurate control of the blasting vibration and improve the accuracy of the blasting vibration.

In one embodiment, step S106 includes:

linearly superposing blasting vibration waveforms at different objects to be protected according to any delay time to obtain superposition peak values of different superposition conditions;

Generating a relation curve of delay time and superposition peak value speed according to different superposition conditions;

and counting and obtaining delay time intervals of each object to be protected, wherein the superposition peak value speed of the delay time intervals is smaller than any one of the single peak value vibration speed, the control vibration speed and the double peak value vibration speed.

In this embodiment, a corresponding calculation program is programmed to determine the number of different superimposed segments. For the values of different superposition sections, 2-20 sections are generally selected for common non-electric detonators, and 2-1000 sections are generally selected for digital detonators. And (3) carrying out linear superposition on the vertical blasting vibration waveforms at different objects to be protected according to any delay time (generally within 1000 ms), solving the vibration peak value speeds under the condition of different superposition sections through a max (abs (X)) function, and drawing a relation curve of the delay time and the blasting vibration peak value speed, as shown in figures 7, 8 and 9. The number of superimposed segments in fig. 7 is 5, the number of superimposed segments in fig. 8 is 10, and the number of superimposed segments in fig. 9 is 20, and in fig. 7, 8 and 9, L1 represents a superimposed peak vibration velocity waveform, L2 represents a single peak vibration velocity waveform, L3 represents a control vibration velocity waveform, and L4 represents a double peak vibration velocity waveform.

And obtaining reasonable delay time intervals aiming at different explosion distances through statistics. The reasonable delay time is generally selected to be within 100ms, and the time interval of the superimposed peak value speed less than or equal to (the single peak value vibration speed is more than or equal to the control vibration speed is more than or equal to the double peak value vibration speed). The delay time interval is generally selected to be within 100 ms.

In the embodiment, aiming at the technical problem that the conventional deep hole blasting is difficult to overcome the serious clamping of a single free surface, the multi-layered charging and slotting and slot expanding alternate blasting technology is provided; aiming at the difficult problem of inaccurate delay initiation time estimated by engineering experience or an empirical formula, a fully effective theoretical calculation method is provided from the angles of blasting stress, damage and displacement; aiming at the difficult problem that the fine design degree of the explosive blasting parameters such as the explosive loading structure, the blasting mode and the like is insufficient, the accurate control of blasting vibration is realized through fine layered explosive loading, accurate delayed blasting and the like; unlike conventional analysis performed only for blast vibration field testing, post analysis is performed by employing function equations, simulation calculations, etc. for optimization.

According to the blasting vibration control method provided by the embodiment, N circles of annular blastholes are arranged on a blasting working surface along the cutting and footage direction, and the circles of the annular blastholes are respectively numbered as the ith circle of annular blastholes from small to large according to the diameters of the circles; the method comprises the steps that a multi-layer charging structure is adopted for charging the cut blast hole and the expanded cut blast hole, the charging length of any layer of the cut blast hole is not more than 10 times of the number of square roots of the cut blast hole for 2 times, a multi-layer charging structure or a continuous charging structure is adopted for charging the side-collapse blast hole, and a multi-charge gradual change charging structure is adopted for charging the energy-gathering kerf blast hole; the method comprises the steps that the slitting blasthole and the expanding slitting blasthole are sequentially detonated along the slitting and footage direction between different charging layers, and the slitting blasthole and the expanding slitting blasthole are detonated in the same charging layer firstly by slitting and then expanding slitting; the side-collapse blast holes and the energy-gathering kerf blast holes are sequentially detonated from small to large according to the diameters of the rings, and the blast holes in the same ring of the side-collapse blast holes and the energy-gathering kerf blast holes are detonated at intervals in groups or are detonated integrally. Therefore, by adopting multi-layered charging, alternate blasting and proper inter-hole delay detonation sequence, proper delay time is determined, precise control of blasting vibration is realized, and the accuracy of the blasting vibration is improved.

It should be noted that, in this document, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or terminal that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or terminal. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one … …" does not exclude the presence of other like elements in a process, method, article or terminal comprising the element.

The embodiments of the present application have been described above with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the present application is not limited to the above-described embodiments, which are merely illustrative and not restrictive, and many forms may be made by those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the spirit of the present application and the scope of the claims, which are also within the protection of the present application.

Claims (13)

1. A method of controlling blast vibration, the method comprising:

N circles of annular blastholes are arranged on the blasting working face along the cutting and footage direction, the circles of annular blastholes are respectively numbered as ith annular blastholes from small to large according to the diameters of the circles, a plurality of blastholes are arranged on the ith annular blastholes, the number of the blastholes of the ith annular blastholes is determined according to the diameters of the circles and the distances between adjacent holes, i is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to N, the 1 st annular blasthole is a cutting blasthole, the 2 nd annular blasthole is a slot expanding blasthole, the 3 rd to N-1 rd annular blastholes are side-collapse blastholes, and the N annular blastholes are energy gathering cutting blastholes;

charging the cut blast hole and the expanded cut blast hole by adopting a multilayer charging structure;

the charge length of any layer of the slitting blast hole is determined according to the following formula:

；

wherein h represents the charge length of any layer of the slitting blast holes, K represents the number of the slitting blast holes, and d represents the single hole diameter of the slitting blast holes;

the side-collapse blast hole adopts a multi-layer charging structure or a continuous charging structure for charging, and the energy-gathering kerf blast hole adopts a multi-medicine bag gradual change charging structure for charging;

the method comprises the steps that different charge layers of the slitting blast hole and the expanding blast hole are sequentially detonated along the slitting footage direction, the slitting blast hole and the expanding blast hole are detonated in the same charge layer, and reasonable delay time of adjacent delayed detonating is not less than the sum of time from development of a primary stress field to a free surface, time from formation of cracks in a rock body to start displacement and time from the beginning of displacement to formation of the free surface;

The side-collapse blast holes and the energy-gathering kerf blast holes are sequentially detonated from small to large according to the diameters of the rings, and the blast holes in the same ring of the side-collapse blast holes and the energy-gathering kerf blast holes are detonated at intervals in groups or are detonated integrally;

the number of the medicine bags of the multi-medicine bag gradual change type medicine filling structure is larger than or equal to the number of medicine filling layers of the multi-layer medicine filling structure, and the medicine bag length of the multi-medicine bag gradual change type medicine filling structure is sequentially reduced from an orifice to a hole bottom.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the method further comprises:

respectively setting monitoring points at a plurality of objects to be protected with different blasting center distances according to a tight disturbation and logarithmic arrangement strategy, and testing the blasting vibration of the annular blast holes to obtain blasting vibration waveforms at the positions of the objects to be protected;

and obtaining a blasting vibration analysis result according to the blasting vibration waveform of each object to be protected.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein the effective hole depth of the 1 st round to N-1 th round of annular blastholes is the maximum depth of the multi-charge bottom surface, and the effective hole depth of the N th round of annular blastholes is the maximum depth of the multi-charge bottom surface;

the effective hole depth of the 3 rd to N th annular blast holes is less than 50% of the total feeding ruler of the combined space after the multi-layer explosive loading is exploded.

4. A method according to claim 3, wherein said loading of said undercut and said enlarged slot bores with a multi-layered charge configuration comprises:

the slotting blast holes and the expanding slot blast holes adopt physically-spaced multilayer charging structures in the axial direction;

the side-tipping blast hole adopts a multilayer charging structure to charge, and comprises:

the side-collapse blast hole adopts a solid or air-spaced multilayer charging structure in the axial direction;

the energy-gathering kerf blast hole adopts a multi-medicine bag gradual change type charging structure to charge, and the method comprises the following steps:

the energy-gathering kerf blast hole adopts an air-spaced multi-medicine-bag gradual change type charging structure.

5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the method further comprises:

any one of the charging layers of the slitting blast hole adopts axial continuous charging.

6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the method further comprises:

any one of the charging layers of the expanding slot blast hole adopts axial continuous charging or multi-cartridge air spaced charging.

7. The method of claim 4, wherein the undercut and the expanded groove blastholes employ physically spaced apart M-layer charge arrangements in an axial direction, wherein M is greater than or equal to 2;

The method further comprises the steps of:

sequentially naming layers of medicine bags in the slitting blast hole and the expanding blast hole from the hole opening to the hole bottom as a j-th layer, wherein j is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to M, and M is the number of layers of the multilayer medicine filling structure; the depth of the loading bottom surface of each layer of medicine bag of the expanding slot blast hole is smaller than or equal to that of the corresponding layer of medicine bag of the slitting blast hole.

8. The method of claim 7, wherein different charge layers of the undercut and the enlarged undercut are initiated sequentially along an undercut penetration direction, wherein the initiation of the undercut and the enlarged undercut in the same charge layer comprises:

the detonation sequence of the M layers of explosive packages of the slitting blast hole and the expanding blast hole is that the j layers of the slitting blast hole are firstly and then the j layers of the expanding blast hole are detonated, wherein j is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to M;

the delay time of adjacent delayed detonations is determined according to the following formula:

；

wherein T represents the delay time of adjacent delayed detonations, T ₁ Representing the time for the primary stress field to develop to the free surface, T ₂ T represents the time from the formation of a fracture in the rock mass to the onset of displacement ₃ Indicating the time from the start of displacement to the formation of the free surface.

9. The method of claim 1, wherein the side-tipping blastholes and the energy-gathering kerf blastholes are blasted in groups of blastholes in the same circle at intervals, comprising:

under the allowable condition of single-shot explosive quantity, the side-collapse blast holes and the inner blast holes of the same circle of energy-gathering kerf blast holes are divided into J+1 groups, J blast holes are spaced from adjacent blast holes in each group, and inter-group blast holes are sequentially detonated and intra-group blast holes are detonated simultaneously, wherein J is more than or equal to 1.

10. The method of claim 2, wherein the setting monitoring points at the plurality of objects to be protected of different explosive distances according to the tight distal and logarithmic arrangement strategy comprises:

the number of the monitoring points gradually changes from dense to sparse along with the increase of the distance between the object to be protected and the explosion source;

the distances between the monitoring points and the explosion sources are distributed logarithmically.

11. The method according to claim 10, wherein the method further comprises:

and arranging the monitoring points at target positions of the objects to be protected, wherein the target positions are the positions closest to the straight line of the explosion source, the weakest in shock resistance and/or the highest in level to be protected.

12. The method of claim 11, wherein the method further comprises:

when a plurality of objects to be protected exist on the monitoring line, monitoring points are distributed on the monitoring line in an equidistant distribution mode;

The connection line of the explosion source and the monitoring point is prevented from passing through the empty area or the heterogeneous entity.

13. The method of claim 2, wherein the obtaining blast vibration analysis results from the blast vibration waveforms at each of the objects to be protected comprises:

linearly superposing blasting vibration waveforms at different objects to be protected according to any delay time to obtain superposition peak values of different superposition conditions;

generating a relation curve of delay time and superposition peak value speed according to different superposition conditions;

and counting and obtaining delay time intervals of each object to be protected, wherein the superposition peak value speed of the delay time intervals is smaller than any one of the single peak value vibration speed, the control vibration speed and the double peak value vibration speed.

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