CN103615941B - The blasting method of modernized railway shallow-buried sector - Google Patents
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- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 230000005641 tunneling Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000012790 confirmation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 6
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- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000009514 concussion Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 229910001751 gemstone Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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Abstract
The present invention relates to Tunnel Blasting field, particularly a kind of modernized railway shallow-buried sector blasting method; First, explosion place periphery house is assessed; Then confirm steel for shot position, tunneling boring is divided into two blast areas, left and right; Secondly the charge constitution in various big gun hole is confirmed; Determine the time of delayed ignition, borehole dose, explosive kind; Select cut shot method, perimeter shothole spacing, periphery hole minimum burden according to on-the-spot country rock feature again, then process various big gun hole at tunneling boring by step 2 established data, by step 3 established data, explosive is installed; Finally carry out explosion, reliever successively explosion from inside to outside with explosion subregion order for " snubber-reliever-periphery hole-base plate eye ", periphery hole adopts and detonates with section millisecond detonator; Goal of the invention of the present invention is the modernized railway shallow-buried sector blasting method providing a kind of energy steady decrease explosion impact when shallow-buried sector explosion.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to Tunnel Blasting field, particularly a kind of modernized railway shallow-buried sector blasting method.
Background technology
Existing Tunnel Blasting technology is generally general blasting technique, but when applying to shallow-buried sector, is just difficult to hold explosion impact, can not ensures that shallow tunnel Dong Ding room layer and other building are not damaged.
Summary of the invention
For prior art Problems existing, goal of the invention of the present invention is the modernized railway shallow-buried sector blasting method providing a kind of energy steady decrease explosion impact when shallow-buried sector explosion.
To achieve these goals, the technical solution used in the present invention is:
The blasting method of a kind of modernized railway shallow-buried sector, the steps include:
Step one, explosion place periphery house to be assessed;
Step 2, confirmation steel for shot position, tunneling boring is divided into two blast areas, left and right;
Step 3, confirm the charge constitution in various big gun hole, snubber, reliever, the powder charge of base plate eye all adopt continuous charging structure, big gun aperture stemming blocking or sealed water bag blocking; Periphery hole charge constitution adopts spaced loading structure, and adopts primacord propagation of explosion; Determine the time of delayed ignition, borehole dose, explosive kind;
Step 4, select cut shot method, perimeter shothole spacing, periphery hole minimum burden according to on-the-spot country rock feature, then process various big gun hole at tunneling boring by step 2 established data, by step 3 established data, explosive is installed;
Step 5, carry out explosion, reliever successively explosion from inside to outside with explosion subregion order for " snubber-reliever-inner ring eye-periphery hole-base plate eye ", periphery hole adopts and detonates with section millisecond detonator.
By this method explosion, the blasting process of links can be controlled scientifically and rationally, reduce and stability contorting explosion impact.
As preferred version of the present invention, in described step 3, when choosing explosive, coefficient of decoupling charge λ gets 1.25.
As preferred version of the present invention, in described step 3, selected explosive is No. two rock emulsion explosives.
As preferred version of the present invention, ignition during explosion between every section is interval greater than 50ms.
As preferred version of the present invention, when step 4 selection perimeter shothole spacing, periphery hole minimum burden, blast hole close coefficient gets 0.6-0.8, periphery hole minimum burden=perimeter shothole spacing/blast hole close coefficient.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
Reduce explosion impact.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is steel for shot figure of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the empty powder charge conceptual scheme of big gun of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is that in description, the figure of table 3 represents.
Mark in figure: 1A-detonator, 2A-powder stick, 3A-primacord, 4A-steeps mud.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with embodiment and detailed description of the invention, the present invention is described in further detail.But this should be interpreted as that the scope of the above-mentioned theme of the present invention is only limitted to following embodiment, all technology realized based on summary of the invention of the present invention all belong to scope of the present invention.
Embodiment 1
Georgia's modernized railway T9 shallow-buried sector has used this blasting method, prove that this blasting method can reduce explosion impact greatly through practice of construction, meet explosion code requirement, the single-track tunnel smooth construction the longest for Georgia's modernization project control engineering creates condition, simultaneously, well illustrate tunnel construction technology level to foreign friends, obtain owner and management accreditation, for company creates up to ten million benefits; Therefore here for Georgia modernized railway T9 shallow-buried sector, the blasting method of described modernized railway shallow-buried sector, the steps include:
Step one, explosion place periphery house to be assessed;
Western hole, tunnel is positioned at Lower and middle mountain areas, hypsography is larger, vegetation comparatively grows, ground mulching has the table soil of thin layer, subterrane is the Cretaceous period (K2tl) hard marl, have thin-middle level joint fissure, do not find obvious unfavorable geology and Special Rock, surface water does not have corrosivity;
Tunnel east hole be positioned at Shida Karti Western Tibetan Plateau Lower and middle mountain areas around intermountain basin edge, subterrane is Palaeogene (P) hard marl and tufaceous rock sand rock, rock mass is comparatively broken, there is the thick-layer weathered zone of a weathering in various degree, main Special Rock is softly mould shape silty clay, east mouth 540m(Km31+200 ~ IIKm31+740) be shallow location, buried depth is 4 ~ 40 meters, top, hole is Kvisikit residential block, local resident is had to reach family more than 500 in the line within the scope of the 50m of line left and right, major part house is all long neglected and in disrepair, housing quality is very poor,
Assess Dong Ding house, assessment company finally defines the level to house, and most of house is decided to be two classes (the block construction thing of general brick house, non-antidetonation), and Blasting Control have employed Chinese GB67222003 standard (seeing the following form 1);
Step 2, confirmation steel for shot position, tunneling boring is divided into two blast areas, left and right;
Blasting scheme important technological parameters:
Aperture d--blasthole diameter, changes, d=(38 ~ 48 with drilling machine change) mm; D=42mm and d=50mm two kinds of blasthole diameters are selected in this tunnel;
Pitch-row E--perimeter shothole spacing, E=(10 ~ 15) d, get E=(40 ~ 70) cm;
Minimum burden W--explosion layer thickness, i.e. periphery hole and nearest beeline of tunneling between reliever, generally should determine according to crater test, empirical value is calculated as: W=E/k, K are blast hole close coefficient, get 0.6 ~ 0.8;
Linear charging density q--unit hole length explosive payload, gets q=(150-250) g/m;
Coefficient of decoupling charge λ--borehole diameter and powder stick 2A diameter ratio, λ=d/ φ, gets 1.1 ~ 1.4;
The explosive average consumption of unit powder consumption k--explosion unit volume rock, 0.6 ~ 1.2kg/m3;
Blast hole utilizing factor η--actual excavation drilling depth and borehole jewel hole length ratio;
This tunnel steel for shot accomplishes following 4 points, and concrete layout drawing is shown in Fig. 1;
The effect of A, reliever is expanded further by vallecular cavity, and the explosion for follow-up borehole provides good free face condition, for ensureing that demolition effect reliever is suitably encrypted;
B, inner ring eye explosive payload are excessive or too concentrated, all can cause the destruction to country rock, and this tunnel makes explosive charge can be uniformly distributed at inner ring eye, reduces and destroys the explosion of country rock;
C, from inside to outside, be successively evenly arranged, branch successively detonates, progressively close to excavated section contour shape.
D, in order to reduce concussion of blasting peak value, tunneling boring is divided into two blast areas, left and right, two intervals utilize delay detonator 1A to contact, this tunnel have employed 1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,16,18,20 sections, three rows' as middle in figure 1,3,5 are snubber, middle vallecular cavity remaining 5,7,9,11 is reliever, 11,13 of first lap is inner ring eye from inside to outside, 13,15,16 of second circle is periphery hole from inside to outside, and 15,16,18,20 of the 3rd circle is base plate eye from inside to outside;
Step 3, confirm the charge constitution in various big gun hole, this tunnel coefficient of decoupling charge λ gets 1.25, and powder stick 2A diameter 40/1.25=32mm, chooses No. two rock emulsion explosives, external diameter 32mm, snubber, reliever, the powder charge of base plate eye all adopt continuous charging structure, and aperture stemming 4A blocks or sealed water bag, periphery hole, inner ring eye explosive payload should have the stress energy destroyed needed for rock, the unlikely heavy damage that country rock is caused again, therefore the explosive payload of periphery hole and degree of packing will reduce, and explosive is uniformly distributed along borehole total length, small diameter medicine roll 2A and low blasting speed, low brisance, explosive that quick-fried power is larger should be adopted, underground borehole blasting is realized by primacord 3A, periphery hole, inner ring eye charge constitution adopt spaced loading structure, for shortening the periphery hole explosion time difference, periphery hole, inner ring eye adopt the primacord 3A propagation of explosion that explosion velocity is very high, primacord 3A has enough initiation energies, can direct ignition charge, itself need detonate with detonator 1A, the primacord 3A detonator 1A adhesive plaster that detonates is tightened at distance 10 ~ 15cm place, primacord 3A termination, the sockets for collecting energy of detonator 1A points to its direction of propagation, the sharp knife of primacord 3A cuts, connect by sectional parallel splicing processes, overlapping splice length must not be less than 10cm, lapping direction is all on one side, i.e. main line blast direction of wave travel, simultaneously in order to reduce vibrations peak value, two parts interval, left and right is divided into by whole section to detonate, be equivalent to add a millisecond detonator hop count of accompanying, as Fig. 2,
Determine the time of delayed ignition, borehole dose, explosive kind; Every section interval time difference is when being greater than 50ms, Detonation waveform is substantially without superposition phenomenon, the explosion being conducive to back segment borehole sends, and detonating of back segment borehole should start after leading portion hole firing unloading, namely should be greater than every period of interval time of detonating from explosive detonation to this time mobile; But every section of Initiation time interval is unsuitable long, and interval time is oversize, and energy can not utilize mutually, and back segment explosion can not play fragmentation and the throwing effect of supplementary leading portion explosion;
Hard cutting eye, base plate eye, reliever dose are except the 30 ~ 40cm stemming 4A of aperture, and all the other are filled continuously; Periphery hole single hole explosive payload=L (hole length) × q, the overall control of same section explosive is the key reducing concussion of blasting, requires to control within 10Kg according to test of many times result same section explosive total amount.
All positions medicine calculation adds up to quantity to be total explosive consumption that often circulates, after explosion, the actual excavated volume that often circulates is calculated according to actual drilling depth, the total explosive consumption of unit powder consumption k=/actual excavated volume, explosive payload is adjusted according to k value, its value less explanation hole blasting design is more tending towards reasonable, different paragraph and appropriately adjusts according to country rock situation, (with reference to following table 2) blashole charge amount computational chart:
| Numbering | Hole type | Hole depth/m | Quantity | Section | Single hole explosive payload/kg | Add up to explosive payload/kg |
| 1 | Cutting hole No1 | 1.0 | 3 | 1 | 0．6 | 1．8 |
| 2 | Cutting hole No2 | 1．8 | 6 | 3 | 1．2 | 7．8 |
| 3 | Cutting hole No3 | 1．8 | 4 | 5 | 1．0 | 4．0 |
| 4 | Cutting hole No4 | 2．0 | 4 | 5 | 1．2 | 4．8 |
| 5 | Cutting hole No5 | 2．0 | 4 | 7 | 1．2 | 4．8 |
| 6 | Cutting hole No6 | 2．0 | 4 | 9 | 1．2 | 4．8 |
| 8 | Enlarging hole No1 | 1．8 | 2 | 9 | 0．8 | 1．6 |
| 9 | Enlarging hole No2 | 1．7 | 15 | 11 | 0．5 | 8．0 |
| 10 | Enlarging hole No3 | 1．7 | 17 | 13 | 0．5 | 8．5 |
| 11 | Enlarging hole No4 | 1．7 | 15 | 15 | 0．4 | 6．0 |
| 12 | Surrounding hole No1 | 1．7 | 20 | 18 | 0．3 | 6．O |
| 13 | Surrounding hole N o2 | 1．7 | 15 | 20 | 0．3 | 4．5 |
| 14 | Bottom hole No．1 | 1．9 | 2 | 15 | 1．2 | 2．4 |
| 15 | Bottom hole No．2 | 1．9 | 4 | 16 | 1．2 | 4．8 |
| 16 | Bottom hole No．3 | 1．9 | 2 | 18 | 1．2 | 2．4 |
| 17 | Bottom hole No．4 | 1．9 | 2 | 20 | 1．2 | 2．4 |
| Add up to | 119 | 74．6 |
Step 4, select cut shot method, perimeter shothole spacing, periphery hole minimum burden according to on-the-spot country rock feature, then process various big gun hole at tunneling boring by step 2 established data, by step 3 established data, explosive is installed; Tunnel Blasting is only have the blasting under single freedom face of a free face, the slotting technology forming second free face is the main points of explosion major control, Tunnel Blasting cut shot method has burn cut and angled cut two kinds, for this tunnel, owing to being large cross-section tunnel, adopt angled cut to compare with burn cut, there is, explosive consumption good, lower to jewel hole required precision to the adaptability of geological conditions and the relatively few advantage of detonator 1A hop count, therefore adopt angled cut;
The spacing of the main blast hole of gap ratio of periphery hole is little, and the minimum burden of periphery hole wants corresponding minimizing, specifically depending on the anti-knock properties of rock, explosive property, borehole diameter and explosive payload, generally should get E/W=0.6 ~ 0.8 and be advisable;
Step 5, carry out explosion with explosion subregion order for " snubber-reliever-inner ring eye-periphery hole-base plate eye ", reliever is successively explosion from inside to outside, periphery, inner ring eye eye adopt and detonate with section millisecond detonator 1A, by stress wave acting in conjunction between borehole, plane is formed than being easier to, for reducing the vibration that Explosion stress wave acting in conjunction produces, detonate in periphery hole, inner ring eye point arch and abutment wall interval, as far as possible close to outline excavation after reliever explosion, namely remaining explosion layer thickness is consistent as far as possible.
The M20 type intelligence explosion sseismograph adopting Chinese Chengdu Jiao Bo Science and Technology Ltd. to produce during this Tunnel Blasting carries out ground vibration detection, instrument built-in " shotfiring safety code " (GB67222003) industry standard; Evaluate explosion in bursting work to affect the earthquake sheet of dissimilar buildings or structures, facilities and equipment and other object of protection, using " shotfiring safety code " (GB67222003) as analysis foundation and permitting deformation, object of protection location base Peak Particle Velocity and principal oscillation frequency is adopted to judge; All concussion of blasting testing results all meet code requirement after testing, are below one group of testing result data (table 3):
Concrete data representation is shown in Fig. 3;
According to " shotfiring safety code GB6722-2003 " vibration safety standard this secondary amounts of block construction thing for general brick house, non-antidetonation:
X-direction Particle Vibration Velocity is in the standard prescribed limit of frequency 10Hz ~ 50Hz2.3 ~ 2.8cm/s; Y-direction Particle Vibration Velocity is in the standard prescribed limit of frequency 10Hz ~ 50Hz2.3 ~ 2.8cm/s; Z-direction Particle Vibration Velocity is in the standard prescribed limit of frequency 10Hz ~ 50Hz2.7 ~ 3.0cm/s;
So the application of this blasting method in this tunnel is successful.
Claims (4)
1. the blasting method of modernized railway shallow-buried sector, is characterized in that, step is:
Step one, explosion place periphery house to be assessed;
Step 2, confirmation steel for shot position, tunneling boring is divided into two blast areas, left and right, wherein select d=42mm and d=50mm two kinds of blasthole diameters, perimeter shothole spacing (40 ~ 70) cm, blast hole close coefficient gets 0.6 ~ 0.8, linear charging density (150-250) g/m, coefficient of decoupling charge gets 1.1 ~ 1.4, unit powder consumption 0.6 ~ 1.2kg/m
3;
Step 3, confirm the charge constitution in various big gun hole, snubber, reliever, the powder charge of base plate eye all adopt continuous charging structure, big gun aperture stemming blocking or sealed water bag blocking; Periphery hole charge constitution adopts spaced loading structure, and adopts primacord propagation of explosion; Determine the time of delayed ignition, borehole dose, explosive kind, wherein periphery hole, inner ring eye charge constitution realize underground borehole blasting by primacord, and same section explosive total amount requires to control within 10Kg;
Step 4, select cut shot method, perimeter shothole spacing, periphery hole minimum burden according to on-the-spot country rock feature, then process various big gun hole at tunneling boring by step 2 established data, by step 3 established data, explosive is installed;
Step 5, carry out explosion, reliever successively explosion from inside to outside with explosion subregion order for " snubber-reliever-inner ring eye-periphery hole-base plate eye ", periphery hole adopts and detonates with section millisecond detonator.
2. modernized railway shallow-buried sector according to claim 1 blasting method, is characterized in that, in described step 3, when choosing explosive, coefficient of decoupling charge λ gets 1.25.
3. modernized railway shallow-buried sector according to claim 1 blasting method, is characterized in that, in described step 3, selected explosive is No. two rock emulsion explosives.
4. modernized railway shallow-buried sector according to claim 1 blasting method, is characterized in that, ignition during explosion between every section is interval greater than 50ms.
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Application publication date: 20140305 Assignee: West Railway Construction (Shaanxi) Co.,Ltd. Assignor: CHINA RAILWAY 23RD CONSTRUCTION BUREAU., Ltd. Contract record no.: X2024980002523 Denomination of invention: Blasting methods for shallow buried sections of modern railway tunnels Granted publication date: 20150826 License type: Common License Record date: 20240307 |
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