CN114963906A - Blasting vibration control method - Google Patents
Blasting vibration control method Download PDFInfo
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- CN114963906A CN114963906A CN202210714372.5A CN202210714372A CN114963906A CN 114963906 A CN114963906 A CN 114963906A CN 202210714372 A CN202210714372 A CN 202210714372A CN 114963906 A CN114963906 A CN 114963906A
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D1/00—Blasting methods or apparatus, e.g. loading or tamping
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D1/00—Blasting methods or apparatus, e.g. loading or tamping
- F42D1/08—Tamping methods; Methods for loading boreholes with explosives; Apparatus therefor
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D5/00—Safety arrangements
- F42D5/04—Rendering explosive charges harmless, e.g. destroying ammunition; Rendering detonation of explosive charges harmless
- F42D5/045—Detonation-wave absorbing or damping means
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Abstract
The embodiment of the application provides a blasting vibration control method, which comprises the following steps: arranging N rings of annular blast holes on the blasting working surface along the undermining footage direction; the method comprises the following steps that (1) explosive charging is carried out on a cut blast hole and an expanded blast hole in a multilayer explosive charging structure, explosive charging is carried out on a side-burst blast hole in a multilayer explosive charging structure or a continuous explosive charging structure, and explosive charging is carried out on an energy-gathering joint-cutting blast hole in a multi-explosive-pack gradual-change explosive charging structure; sequentially detonating different explosive layers of the cut blast hole and the expanded blast hole along the cut footage direction, and detonating the cut blast hole and the expanded blast hole in the same explosive layer; different rings of the side-burst blast holes and the energy-gathering joint-cutting blast holes are sequentially detonated according to the diameter of the ring from small to large, and the blast holes in the same ring are detonated in groups at intervals or integrally detonated. Therefore, by adopting the sequence of multi-layered charging, alternate blasting and proper inter-hole delayed initiation, proper delay time is determined, accurate control of blasting vibration is realized, and the accuracy of blasting vibration is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of blasting, in particular to a blasting vibration control method.
Background
In the prior art, aiming at a series of hazards caused by blasting vibration, schemes of reducing vibration source energy, blocking the propagation of seismic waves, creating good free surfaces and the like are generally adopted at home and abroad for control. Although the techniques such as large blasting and deep hole blasting are widely used because of their high blasting efficiency, they cause certain damage to the surrounding environment, buildings or constructions, facilities and the like due to blasting vibration. The prior blasting technology has the problem of low blasting vibration control precision.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the above technical problem, an embodiment of the present application provides a method for controlling blasting vibration.
In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a method for controlling blast vibration, where the method includes:
arranging N circles of annular blast holes on a blasting working face along the undermining footage direction, wherein each circle of annular blast hole is respectively numbered as the ith circle of annular blast hole according to the circle diameter from small to large, the ith circle of annular blast hole is provided with a plurality of blast holes, the number of the blast holes of the ith circle of annular blast hole is determined according to the circle diameter and the distance between adjacent holes, i is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to N, the 1 st circle of annular blast hole is an undermining blast hole, the 2 nd circle of annular blast hole is an expanded-slot blast hole, the 3 rd to N-1 circles of annular blast holes are side-collapsing blast holes, and the N th circle of annular blast holes is an energy-gathering kerf blast hole;
the explosive charging is carried out on the cut blast holes and the slot-expanding blast holes by adopting a multilayer explosive charging structure, the explosive charging length of any layer of the cut blast holes is not more than 10 times of the square root of 2 times of the number of the cut blast holes, the explosive charging is carried out on the side-burst blast holes by adopting a multilayer explosive charging structure or a continuous explosive charging structure, and the explosive charging is carried out on the energy-gathering slot-cutting blast holes by adopting a multi-explosive-pack gradual-changing type explosive charging structure;
sequentially detonating different charge layers of the undercut blastholes and the expanded blast holes along the undercut footage direction, wherein the undercut blastholes and the expanded blast holes are firstly detonated and then detonated in the same charge layer, and the reasonable delay time of adjacent delayed detonations is not less than the sum of the time from the development of a primary stress field to a free surface, the time from the formation of cracks in a rock body to the beginning of displacement and the time from the beginning of displacement to the formation of the free surface;
and the side-burst blastholes and the energy-gathering joint-cutting blastholes are detonated in sequence from small to large according to the diameter of the ring between different rings, and the blastholes in the same ring of the side-burst blastholes and the energy-gathering joint-cutting blastholes are detonated in groups at intervals or integrally.
In an embodiment, the method further comprises;
respectively setting monitoring points at a plurality of objects to be protected with different blasting center distances according to a close far sparse and logarithmic arrangement strategy, and testing the blasting vibration of the annular blast hole to obtain the blasting vibration waveform of each object to be protected;
and acquiring a blasting vibration analysis result according to the blasting vibration waveform of each object to be protected.
In one embodiment, the effective hole depth of the 1 st to N-1 st annular blast holes is the maximum depth of the bottom surface of the multi-charge, and the effective hole depth of the Nth annular blast hole is the maximum depth of the bottom surface of the multi-charge package;
the effective hole depth of the 3 rd to the N th annular blast holes is less than 50% of the total advancing ruler of the combined space after the multi-layer explosive filling explosion.
In one embodiment, said loading in said undercut blastholes and said extended slot blastholes with a multi-layer loading structure comprises:
the cut blast holes and the expanded blast holes are in a multi-layer charge structure with solid intervals in the axial direction;
the side-burst blast hole adopts multilayer charge structure to carry out the powder charge, includes:
the side-burst blast hole adopts a solid or air-spaced multilayer charge structure in the axial direction;
the explosive charging is carried out in the energy-gathering kerf blast hole by adopting a multi-explosive-pack gradual-change type explosive charging structure, and the method comprises the following steps:
the energy-gathering joint-cutting blast hole adopts a multi-explosive-pack gradual-change type explosive loading structure with air intervals.
In one embodiment, the method further comprises:
any charge layer of the cut blast hole adopts axial continuous charge;
the charge length of any layer of the cut blast hole is determined according to the following formula:
wherein h represents the charging length of any layer of the cut blast holes, K represents the number of the cut blast holes, and d represents the diameter of a single hole of the cut blast holes.
In an embodiment, the method further comprises:
and any charge layer of the slot-expanding blast hole adopts axial continuous charge or air-spaced charge of a plurality of cartridges.
In one embodiment, the number of the explosive packages of the multi-explosive-package gradually-changing type charging structure is larger than or equal to the number of the charging layers of the multi-explosive-package gradually-changing type charging structure, and the lengths of the explosive packages of the multi-explosive-package gradually-changing type charging structure are reduced from the hole opening to the hole bottom.
In one embodiment, the cut blast holes and the expanded blast holes adopt M-layer charging structures with solid intervals in the axial direction, wherein M is more than or equal to 2;
the method further comprises the following steps:
sequentially naming each layer of explosive packages of the undercut blastholes and the expanded blastholes as a jth layer from an orifice to a hole bottom direction, wherein j is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to M, and M is the number of layers of the multilayer explosive loading structure; the depth of the bottom surface of each layer of explosive charge of the slot-expanded blast hole is less than or equal to the depth of the bottom surface of the explosive charge of the corresponding layer of explosive charge of the cut blast hole.
In one embodiment, the different charging layers of the cut blast hole and the expanded groove blast hole are sequentially detonated along the cut footage direction, and the cut blast hole and the expanded groove blast hole are detonated in the same charging layer of the cut blast hole and the expanded groove blast hole, wherein the process comprises the following steps:
the detonation sequence of the M layers of explosive packages of the cut blast holes and the expanded blast holes is that the ith layer of the cut blast holes is detonated first and then the ith layer of the expanded blast holes is detonated, wherein i is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to M;
the delay time for adjacent delayed firings is determined according to the following equation:
T≥T 1 +T 2 +T 3
wherein T represents the delay time of adjacent delay detonations, T 1 Represents the time for the initial stress field to develop into the free surface, T 2 Representing the time, T, from the formation of a fracture in the rock mass to the onset of displacement 3 Indicating the time from the start of displacement to the formation of the free surface.
In an embodiment, the method further comprises:
determining the time for the preliminary stress field to develop to the free surface according to the following formula:
the time from formation of a fracture in the rock mass to the onset of displacement is determined according to the following equation:
the time from the start of the displacement to the formation of the free surface is determined according to the following formula:
wherein, T 1 Denotes the time for the initial stress field to develop to the free surface, ω denotes the line of least resistance, Cp denotes the stress wave propagation velocity, V C Represents the fracture propagation velocity, T 2 Representing the time, η, from formation of a fracture in the rock to the onset of displacement C The fracture coefficient of rock mass is shown, beta represents the opening angle of the blasting funnel, r represents the volume weight of the rock, and d represents the diameter of the blast hole.
In an embodiment, the method further comprises:
the fracture propagation velocity was calculated according to the following formula:
wherein, gamma is 80 × 10 -6 ～100×10 -6 。
In one embodiment, the side-tipping blastholes and the energy-gathering kerf blastholes detonate in groups and at intervals in the same circle, and comprise:
under the condition that the single-shot dose allows, the side-burst blastholes and the energy-gathering joint-cutting blastholes in the same circle are divided into J +1 groups, J blastholes are arranged at intervals of adjacent blastholes in each group, the blastholes between the groups are sequentially detonated, and the blastholes in the groups are detonated simultaneously, wherein J is larger than or equal to 1.
In one embodiment, the setting of monitoring points at a plurality of objects to be protected at different explosive center distances according to a close-distant-sparse and logarithmic arrangement strategy respectively comprises:
the number of monitoring points is gradually changed from dense to sparse along with the increase of the distance between the object to be protected and the explosion source;
the distances between the monitoring points and the explosion sources are distributed logarithmically.
In an embodiment, the method further comprises:
and arranging the monitoring points at the target positions of the objects to be protected, wherein the target positions are the positions which are closest to the linear distance of the explosion source, have the weakest shock resistance and/or have the highest grade of protection.
In an embodiment, the method further comprises:
when a plurality of objects to be protected exist on the monitoring line, monitoring points are distributed on the monitoring line in an equidistant distribution mode;
and the connecting line of the explosion source and the monitoring point is prevented from passing through the dead zone or the inhomogeneous entity.
In an embodiment, the obtaining a blasting vibration analysis result according to a blasting vibration waveform at each of the objects to be protected includes:
linearly superposing blasting vibration waveforms of different objects to be protected according to any delay time to obtain superposition peak velocities under different superposition conditions;
generating a relation curve of delay time and superposition peak speed according to different superposition conditions;
and counting and obtaining a delay time interval at each object to be protected, wherein the superposition peak speed of the delay time interval is less than any one of the single peak vibration speed, the control vibration speed and the double peak vibration speed.
According to the control method for the blasting vibration, N circles of annular blast holes are arranged on a blasting working face along the underholing footage direction, and the circles of the annular blast holes are respectively numbered as the ith circle of annular blast hole according to the circle diameters from small to large; the explosive charging is carried out on the cut blast holes and the slot-expanding blast holes by adopting a multilayer explosive charging structure, the explosive charging length of any layer of the cut blast holes is not more than 10 times of the square root of 2 times of the number of the cut blast holes, the explosive charging is carried out on the side-burst blast holes by adopting a multilayer explosive charging structure or a continuous explosive charging structure, and the explosive charging is carried out on the energy-gathering slot-cutting blast holes by adopting a multi-explosive-pack gradual-changing type explosive charging structure; sequentially detonating different explosive layers of the cut blast hole and the expanded blast hole along the cut footage direction, and detonating the cut blast hole and the expanded blast hole in the same explosive layer; and the side-burst blastholes and the energy-gathering joint-cutting blastholes are detonated in sequence from small to large according to the diameter of the ring between different rings, and the blastholes in the same ring of the side-burst blastholes and the energy-gathering joint-cutting blastholes are detonated in groups at intervals or integrally. Therefore, by adopting the sequence of multi-layered charging, alternate blasting and proper inter-hole delayed initiation, proper delay time is determined, accurate control of blasting vibration is realized, and the accuracy of blasting vibration is improved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly explain the technical solutions of the present application, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments are briefly introduced below, and it should be understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present application and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope of protection of the present application. Like components are numbered similarly in the various figures.
Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart illustrating a control method of blast vibration according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 2 is another schematic flow chart of a control method of blasting vibration according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a toroidal bore provided by an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 4 illustrates a cross-sectional, partial schematic view of an annular blasthole provided by embodiments of the present application;
FIG. 5 is a schematic longitudinal cross-sectional view of a circular borehole provided in an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram illustrating a burst vibration waveform provided by an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a superimposed waveform provided by embodiments of the present application;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of another superimposed waveform provided by an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 9 shows another schematic superimposed waveform provided in the embodiment of the present application.
Icon: 1-blasting free surface, 2-blasting profile surface, 3-hole opening, 4-hole bottom, 5-layer-1 charging range, 6-layer-2 charging range, 7-air interval gradient multi-charge package, 8-solid interval, 9-air interval, 201-ring-1 annular blast hole, 202-ring-2 annular blast hole, 203-ring-3 annular blast hole, 204-ring-4 annular blast hole and 205-ring-5 annular blast hole.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, and not all of the embodiments.
The components of the embodiments of the present application, generally described and illustrated in the figures herein, can be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations. Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present application, presented in the accompanying drawings, is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed application, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the application. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments of the present application without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.
Hereinafter, the terms "including", "having", and their derivatives, which may be used in various embodiments of the present application, are intended to indicate only specific features, numbers, steps, operations, elements, components, or combinations of the foregoing, and should not be construed as first excluding the existence of, or adding to, one or more other features, numbers, steps, operations, elements, components, or combinations of the foregoing.
Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," "third," and the like are used solely to distinguish one from another and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
Unless otherwise defined, all terms (including technical and scientific terms) used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which the various embodiments of the present application belong. The terms (such as those defined in commonly used dictionaries) should be interpreted as having a meaning that is consistent with their contextual meaning in the relevant art and will not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense unless expressly so defined herein in various embodiments.
In the prior art, aiming at a series of hazards caused by blasting vibration, schemes of reducing vibration source energy, blocking the propagation of seismic waves, creating a good free surface and the like are generally adopted at home and abroad for control, and the schemes are briefly explained below.
The scheme for reducing the energy of the vibration source mainly comprises the following steps: controlling the maximum single-section loading amount, selecting reasonable delay time and creating a good free surface. The reason for controlling the maximum single-stage loading is as follows: the single-section maximum loading represents the maximum instantaneous input energy during explosion, the maximum instantaneous input energy plays a decisive role in the damage of the structure, and the reduction of the single-section maximum loading is the simplest and most effective method for reducing the explosion vibration intensity. The reason for choosing a reasonable delay time is as follows: the selection of the delay time is the key for realizing the delay blasting vibration reduction, and the unreasonable delay time can not reduce the vibration but increase the blasting vibration strength. The reason for creating a good free surface is as follows: the good free surface is beneficial to the rapid dilution of explosive explosion energy, thereby reducing the energy transmitted in the form of seismic waves, reducing the blocking and clamping effects of blast holes, avoiding the formation of 'blank shots' and reducing the explosion vibration effect.
The scheme for blocking the propagation of the seismic wave mainly comprises the following steps: adopting presplitting blasting technology, presetting damping grooves or damping holes and adopting comprehensive control measures. The main process of adopting the presplitting blasting technology is as follows: in the presplitting blasting process, when adjacent presplitting holes are detonated, initial cracks appear on rock on the hole wall along the center line of the holes under the action of violent impact pressure and stress waves, the cracks can be expanded and communicated under the action of quasi-static stress of blasting gas, and finally, the presplitting with certain depth and width is formed.
The reason for presetting the damping grooves or the damping holes is as follows: the damping groove or the damping hole is preset between the explosion area and the protected object, and can play a role in reflecting and interfering the propagation of the seismic wave, so that the attenuation of the seismic wave is accelerated, and the explosion vibration intensity is reduced.
The reason for adopting the comprehensive control measures is as follows: blasting vibration control is a comprehensive technology, and a single control technical measure is difficult to achieve an ideal vibration reduction target on the premise of ensuring a blasting effect and a construction progress. Therefore, in order to reduce the blasting vibration strength to the maximum extent, various control technical measures should be comprehensively applied according to the topographic and geological conditions of the blasting area and the surrounding environmental factors, so as to make the best use of the advantages and disadvantages in the engineering practice and bring the vibration reduction effect to the maximum.
Although the techniques such as large blasting and deep hole blasting are widely used because of their high blasting efficiency, they cause certain damage to the surrounding environment, buildings or constructions, facilities and the like due to blasting vibration. In order to control the explosion vibration, although various schemes such as layered charging, delayed detonation and the like are proposed, the following technical defects still exist: (1) under the condition of a single free surface, along with the increase of the depth of a blast hole, the conventional multi-layered explosive bag blasting scheme is difficult to overcome the technical defect of serious clamping of the single free surface and realize multi-layered charging; (2) the delayed detonation time is often determined by taking engineering experience or an empirical formula as a basis, and a sufficient and effective theoretical calculation scheme is lacked; (3) the fine design degree of charging blasting parameters such as a charging structure and a detonation mode is not enough, and the precise control of blasting vibration is difficult to realize; (4) and only performing routine analysis on the burst vibration field test, and performing post analysis without the help of a function equation, simulation calculation and the like for optimization. Overall, the prior blasting technique has the problem of relatively low blasting vibration control accuracy.
Example 1
The embodiment of the disclosure provides a control method of blasting vibration, which is suitable for blasting vibration control of various tunneling projects, mining projects, geotechnical projects and the like.
Specifically, referring to fig. 1, fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a control method of blasting vibration according to an embodiment of the present application, and as shown in fig. 1, the control method of blasting vibration includes:
and S101, arranging N circles of annular blast holes on a blasting working surface along the underholing footage direction, numbering the annular blast hole circles as the ith circle of annular blast hole according to the circle diameters from small to large, and arranging a plurality of blast holes in the ith circle of annular blast hole.
In the embodiment, the number of blast holes of the ith circle of annular blast holes is determined according to the diameter of the circle and the distance between adjacent holes, and i is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to N.
N is a positive integer, and i is a positive integer of 1 or more and N or less, which is determined according to actual conditions such as tunneling engineering, mining engineering, geotechnical engineering, and the like. For example, N may be 5, or may be other values, which is not limited herein.
In one embodiment, the 1 st ring of annular blastholes are undercut blastholes, the 2 nd ring of annular blastholes are expanded blastholes, the 3 rd to the N-1 th ring of annular blastholes are side-burst blastholes, and the N th ring of annular blastholes are energy-gathering kerf blastholes.
The effective hole depth of the 1 st to N-1 th annular blast holes is the maximum depth of the bottom surface of the multi-layer explosive, the effective hole depth of the Nth annular blast holes is the maximum depth of the bottom surface of the multi-explosive packaged explosive, and the effective hole depth of the 3 rd to N th annular blast holes is less than 50% of the total advancing ruler of the combined space after the multi-layer explosive is exploded.
In the embodiment, any layer of cut blast holes is charged, axial continuous charging is adopted in each charging layer, the charging length of each layer is h, the number of the blast holes is K, the diameter of a single hole is d, and the requirements of filling each layer of charging is satisfied
Any layer of the expanding slot blast holes is arrangedThe medicine can be charged in each charging layer in an axial continuous mode or in a plurality of cartridges at intervals. The side-burst blast hole adopts a solid or air-spaced M-layer charging structure or a continuous charging structure in the axial direction. The multi-medicine bag gradual-change type charging structure is characterized in that the number of the multi-medicine bags is generally not less than M, and the lengths of the medicine bags are sequentially reduced from an orifice to the bottom of a hole.
Exemplarily, the following description will be given by taking an example of tunneling blasting in which N is 5, 5 annular blast holes are provided in the blasting face along the undermining direction, and 2 explosive charges are provided, with reference to fig. 3, 4, and 5.
Referring to fig. 3, fig. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a circular blasthole. As shown in fig. 3, 5 circles of annular blast holes are arranged in the blasting working face along the plunge cutting depth direction. The diameter of each annular blast hole ring is named as a 1 st annular blast hole 201, a 2 nd annular blast hole 202, a 3 rd annular blast hole 203, a 4 th annular blast hole 204 and a 5 th annular blast hole 205 from small to large. The 1 st annular blast hole 201 has 10 blast holes, the 2 nd annular blast hole 202 has 12 blast holes, the 3 rd annular blast hole 203 has 16 blast holes, the 4 th annular blast hole 204 has 22 blast holes, and the 5 th annular blast hole 205 has 40 blast holes.
Referring to fig. 4, fig. 4 is a partial schematic view of the cross section of the annular blasthole shown in fig. 3, and in particular, fig. 4 is a partial schematic view of the cross section of 1/4 annular blasthole shown in the cross section of the annular blasthole shown in fig. 3, which is the same as the sector area at the lower right corner in the cross section schematic view of the annular blasthole shown in fig. 3. In fig. 3, there is shown a burst profile 2, an aperture 3 and a hole bottom 4. In fig. 4, there is also shown a burst profile 2, a port 3 and a hole bottom 4.
Referring to fig. 5, fig. 5 is a schematic longitudinal sectional view of the annular blast hole provided in the embodiment of the present application. As shown in fig. 5, the 1 st annular blast hole is an undercut blast hole, the 2 nd annular blast hole is an expanded blast hole, the 3 rd and 4 th annular blast holes are side-burst blast holes, and the blast holes of the 5 th annular blast hole are energy-gathered slot-cutting blast holes. In fig. 5 there is shown a free blasting surface 1, a layer 1 charge range 5, a layer 2 charge range 6, a graded multi-charge package of air-space 7, a solid space 8 and an air space 9.
In one embodiment, the effective hole depth of the 1 st to N-1 st annular blast holes is the maximum depth of the bottom surface of the multi-charge, and the effective hole depth of the Nth annular blast hole is the maximum depth of the bottom surface of the multi-charge package;
the effective hole depth of the 3 rd to the N th annular blast holes is less than 50% of the total advancing ruler of the combined space after the multi-layer explosive filling explosion.
For example, in the tunneling blasting of 5-circle annular blastholes and 2-layer explosive charges shown in fig. 3, the effective hole depth of the 1 st annular blasthole 201 and the 2 nd annular blasthole 202 is (basically) equal to the total combined space footage after 2-layer explosive charges. The effective hole depth of the 3 rd circle of annular blast holes 203, the 4 th circle of annular blast holes 204 and the 5 th circle of annular blast holes 205 is less than 50% of the total advancing rule of the combined space after the 2-layer explosive charge is exploded.
And S102, charging the undercut blastholes and the slot-expanded blastholes by adopting a multi-layer charging structure, charging the side-collapse blastholes by adopting a multi-layer charging structure or a continuous charging structure, and charging the energy-gathered kerf blastholes by adopting a multi-charge-pack gradual-change charging structure.
In this embodiment, the charging length of any layer of the undercut blast holes is not more than 10 times of the number of the 2-time square roots of the undercut blast holes.
Specifically, the cut blast hole with the enlarged groove blast hole adopt the multilayer charge structure to carry out the powder charge, include:
the cut blast holes and the expanded blast holes are in a multi-layer charge structure with solid intervals in the axial direction;
the side-burst blast hole adopts multilayer charge structure to carry out the powder charge, includes:
the side-burst blast hole adopts a solid or air-spaced multilayer charge structure in the axial direction;
the cumulative joint-cutting blast hole adopts a multi-explosive-pack gradual-change type explosive loading structure to charge, and the explosive loading structure comprises:
the energy-gathering joint-cutting blast hole adopts a multi-explosive-pack gradual-change type explosive loading structure with air intervals.
Further, any layer of the 1 st circle of annular blast holes is charged, namely, each charging layer of the cut blast holes is charged axially and continuously, and the charging length can be calculated according to the number of the blast holes and the diameter of the blast holes.
In one embodiment, the method for controlling blast vibration further comprises:
any charge layer of the cut blast hole adopts axial continuous charge;
the charge length of any layer of the cut blast hole is determined according to the following formula:
h represents the charging length of any layer of the undercut blast holes, K represents the number of the undercut blast holes, and d represents the diameter of a single hole of the undercut blast holes.
It should be noted that in fig. 3, any layer of the 2 nd annular blast hole 202 is charged, and each charging layer can be charged by axially continuous charging or multiple cartridges of air-spaced charging. The 3 rd circle of annular blast holes 203 and the fourth circle of annular blast holes adopt a solid or air-spaced 2-layer charge structure or a continuous charge structure in the axial direction. The 5 th ring of annular blast holes 205 adopt an air-spaced multi-explosive-pack gradual-change type explosive loading structure, the number of the multi-explosive-pack is generally not less than 2, and the length of the explosive pack is reduced from the hole opening to the hole bottom in sequence.
It is further supplemented to explain that the cut blast holes and the expanded blast holes adopt a multi-layer explosive loading structure with solid intervals in the axial direction, the explosive loading length of any layer of the cut blast holes is not more than 10 times of the square root of 2 times of the cut blast holes, and the explosive loading bottom depth of any layer of the expanded blast holes is not more than the explosive loading bottom depth of the corresponding layer of the cut blast holes. The energy-gathering joint-cutting blast hole adopts a multi-explosive-pack gradual-change type explosive loading structure with air intervals.
In one embodiment, the method for controlling blast vibration further comprises:
and any charge layer of the slot-expanding blast hole adopts axial continuous charge or multi-cartridge air interval charge.
In one embodiment, the number of the explosive packages of the multi-explosive-package gradually-changing type charging structure is larger than or equal to the number of the charging layers of the multi-explosive-package gradually-changing type charging structure, and the lengths of the explosive packages of the multi-explosive-package gradually-changing type charging structure are reduced from the hole opening to the hole bottom.
Referring to FIG. 5, the air-spaced gradient multi-pack 7 of FIG. 5 comprises 3 packs, and the lengths of the 3 packs decrease from the hole bottom to the hole bottom.
In one embodiment, the cut blast holes and the expanded blast holes adopt M-layer charging structures with solid intervals in the axial direction, wherein M is more than or equal to 2;
the control method of blasting vibration further comprises the following steps:
sequentially naming each layer of explosive packages of the cut blast holes and the expanded blast holes as a jth layer from the hole opening to the hole bottom direction, wherein j is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to M, and M is the number of layers of the multilayer charging structure; the depth of the bottom surface of each layer of explosive charge of the slot-expanded blast hole is less than or equal to the depth of the bottom surface of the explosive charge of the corresponding layer of explosive charge of the cut blast hole.
For example, in the tunneling blasting of 5-circle annular blastholes and 2-layer explosive charges shown in fig. 5, the 1 st circle of annular blastholes is an undercut blasthole, the 2 nd circle of annular blastholes is an expanded slot blasthole, the 1 st circle of annular blastholes and the 2 nd circle of annular blastholes adopt 2-layer explosive loading structures which are physically spaced in the axial direction, and the annular blastholes are named as the 1 st layer and the 2 nd layer in sequence from the hole opening to the hole bottom. The depth of the 2 nd circle of annular blast holes on any layer of charge bottom surface is not more than the depth of the 1 st circle of annular blast holes on the charge bottom surface of the corresponding layer. In fig. 5, the ring of the 5 th circle is an energy gathering kerf blast hole, and the included angle between the energy gathering kerf blast hole and the blasting free face 1 is 87 degrees.
And S103, sequentially detonating different charge layers of the undercut blastholes and the expanded blast holes along the undercut footage direction, wherein the undercut blastholes and the expanded blast holes are detonated in the same charge layer of the undercut blastholes and the expanded blast holes firstly and then, the expanded blast holes, and the reasonable delay time of adjacent delayed detonations is not less than the sum of the time from the development of an initial stress field to a free surface, the time from the formation of cracks in a rock body to the beginning of displacement and the time from the beginning of displacement to the formation of the free surface.
For example, if the 1 st annular blast hole and the 2 nd annular blast hole have 2-layer charge structures, delayed initiation is performed according to the sequence of the 1 st explosive charge of the first annular blast hole ring, the 1 st explosive charge of the 2 nd annular blast hole ring, the 2 nd explosive charge of the 1 st annular blast hole ring and the 2 nd explosive charge of the 2 nd annular blast hole ring, and the suitable delay time of delayed initiation between holes is greater than or equal to a preset delay threshold, i.e., the suitable delay time of delayed initiation in holes and the suitable delay time of delayed initiation between holes are greater than or equal to a preset delay threshold, i.e., the suitable delay time between the first explosive charge of the first annular blast hole ring and the first explosive charge of the second annular blast hole ring, the suitable delay time between the first explosive charge of the second annular blast hole ring and the second explosive charge of the first annular blast hole ring, and the suitable delay time between the second explosive charge of the first annular blast hole ring and the second annular blast hole ring is greater than or equal to a preset delay threshold And setting a delay threshold value, wherein the preset delay threshold value is the sum of the time of the preliminary stress field developing to the free surface, the time from the formation of the crack in the rock body to the beginning of displacement and the time from the beginning of displacement to the formation of the free surface.
Specifically, referring to fig. 3, as shown in fig. 3, the initiation sequence is initiated according to the numbers 1d to 10 d. Specifically, delayed initiation is carried out in the 1 st annular blast hole and the 2 rings of annular blast holes in a hole and between the holes, and the initiation sequence is as follows in sequence: the explosive package 1d on the 1 st layer of the 1 st ring of annular blast hole, the explosive package 2d on the 1 st layer of the 2 nd ring of annular blast hole, the explosive package 3d on the 2 nd layer of the 1 st ring of annular blast hole, the explosive package 4d on the 2 nd layer of the 2 nd ring of annular blast hole.
In one embodiment, step S103 may include:
the detonation sequence of the M layers of explosive packages of the cut blast holes and the expanded blast holes is that the ith layer of the cut blast holes is detonated first and then the ith layer of the expanded blast holes is detonated, wherein i is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to M;
the delay time of adjacent delay detonators is determined according to the following formula:
T≥T 1 +T 2 +T 3 ；
wherein T represents the delay time of adjacent delay detonations, T 1 Represents the time for the initial stress field to develop into the free surface, T 2 Representing the time, T, from the formation of a fracture in the rock mass to the onset of displacement 3 Indicating the time from the start of displacement to the formation of the free surface.
In one embodiment, the method for controlling blast vibration further comprises:
determining the time for the initial stress field to develop to the free surface according to the following formula:
the time from formation of a fracture in the rock mass to the onset of displacement is determined according to the following equation:
the time from the start of the displacement to the formation of the free surface is determined according to the following formula:
wherein, T 1 Represents the time for the initial stress field to develop to the free surface, omega represents the minimum resistance line, the unit of the minimum resistance line is meter, Cp represents the propagation velocity of the stress wave, the unit of the propagation velocity of the stress wave is meter/second, V C The unit of the fracture expansion speed is meter/second and T 2 Representing the time, η, from formation of a fracture in the rock to the onset of displacement C The fissuring coefficient of the rock mass is expressed by the average number of fissures contained in each meter of length C Beta is less than or equal to 1, the opening angle of the blasting funnel is represented, r is the volume weight of the rock, the unit of the volume weight of the rock is kilogram/cubic meter, d is the diameter of the blast hole, and the unit of the diameter of the blast hole is millimeter.
In one embodiment, the method for controlling blast vibration further comprises:
the fracture propagation velocity was calculated according to the following formula:
wherein, V C Denotes fracture propagation velocity, C p Representing stress wavesPropagation velocity, γ, 80 × 10 -6 ～100×10 -6 。
And S104, sequentially detonating different rings of the side-burst blastholes and the energy-gathering kerf blastholes according to the diameter of the rings from small to large, and detonating the blastholes in the same ring of the side-burst blastholes and the energy-gathering kerf blastholes at intervals in groups or integrally.
Therefore, by adopting the sequence of multi-layered charging, alternate blasting and proper inter-hole delayed initiation, proper delay time is determined, accurate control of blasting vibration is realized, and the accuracy of blasting vibration is improved.
In one embodiment, the initiation between different rings of the laterally-collapsing blastholes and the energy-gathering kerf blastholes is performed sequentially according to the ring diameter from small to large, and the initiation comprises the following steps:
under the condition of single explosive quantity allowance, the side-burst blastholes and the energy-gathering kerf blastholes in the same circle are divided into J +1 groups, adjacent blastholes in each group are separated by J blastholes, the blastholes between the groups are sequentially detonated, and the blastholes in the groups are simultaneously detonated, wherein J is more than or equal to 1.
In this embodiment, the 3 rd to N-1 th circles of annular blastholes are side-bursting blastholes, the nth circle of annular blastholes are energy-gathering kerf blastholes, and the detonation sequence between the side-bursting blastholes and the energy-gathering kerf blastholes is as follows: the 3 rd to the Nth circles of annular blast holes adopt inter-hole delay initiation, adjacent circles of annular blast holes are sequentially initiated according to the circle diameter from small to large, and blast holes in the same circle are initiated at intervals in groups or are initiated integrally. The grouping and interval initiation of the inner blast holes in the same circle of the side-burst blast holes and the energy-gathering joint-cutting blast holes is as follows: under the condition of single explosive quantity, blast holes in the same circle are divided into J +1 groups, adjacent blast holes in each group are separated by J (J is more than or equal to 1) blast holes, the blast holes between the groups are detonated in sequence, and the blast holes in the groups are detonated simultaneously. Taking the example that the blast holes in the same circle are divided into 2 groups of explosive packages, the meaning of the grouped and spaced detonation of the blast holes in the same circle is as follows: under the condition of single explosive quantity, adjacent blast holes in each group are separated by 1 blast hole, the blast holes between the groups are sequentially detonated, and the blast holes in the groups are simultaneously detonated.
As shown in fig. 3, the initiation is delayed between the third annular blast hole and the fifth annular blast hole, and the initiation sequence is as follows: the number of the blast holes in the 3 rd circle of annular blast holes is 5d, the number of the blast holes in the 3 rd circle of annular blast holes is 6d, the number of the blast holes in the 4 th circle of annular blast holes is 7d, the number of the blast holes in the 4 th circle of annular blast holes is 8d, the number of the blast holes in the 5 th circle of annular blast holes is 9d, and the number of the blast holes in the 5 th circle of annular blast holes is 10 d. The reasonable delay time T for adjacent delayed detonations between the holes can be determined according to the following formula:
T≥T 1 +T 2 +T 3 ；
wherein T represents the reasonable delay time of adjacent delay detonating between holes, T 1 Represents the time T of the initial stress field to develop to the free surface 2 Showing the time, T, from the formation of a fracture in the rock mass to the onset of displacement 3 Indicating the time from the start of displacement to the formation of the free surface.
For example, as above, a reasonable delay time for delayed detonation between a shot number 5d and a shot number 6d may be determined according to the above formula for calculating the appropriate delay time T.
Referring to fig. 2, fig. 2 is another schematic flow chart of the method for controlling the blasting vibration, and as shown in fig. 2, the method for controlling the blasting vibration further includes:
and S105, respectively setting monitoring points at a plurality of objects to be protected with different blasting center distances according to a close-distant-sparse and logarithmic arrangement strategy, and testing the blasting vibration of the annular blast hole to obtain the blasting vibration waveform of each object to be protected.
In one embodiment, the setting of monitoring points at a plurality of objects to be protected at different explosive center distances according to a close-distant-sparse and logarithmic arrangement strategy respectively comprises:
the number of monitoring points is gradually changed from dense to sparse along with the increase of the distance between the object to be protected and the explosion source;
the distances between the monitoring points and the explosion sources are distributed logarithmically.
In this embodiment, monitoring points are distributed at the positions of the objects to be protected at different distances from the core of the gun according to the near-dense-far-sparse and logarithmic arrangement strategies, the blasting vibration of the annular blasthole is tested, and single-section blasting vibration waveforms at different positions of the objects to be protected are obtained, as shown in fig. 6, and S1 represents a single-section blasting vibration waveform.
In one embodiment, the method for controlling blast vibration further comprises:
and arranging the monitoring points at the target positions of the objects to be protected, wherein the target positions are the positions which are closest to the linear distance of the explosion source, have the weakest shock resistance and/or have the highest grade of protection.
Therefore, the monitoring points are distributed and gradually thinned along with the increase of the distance between the monitoring points and the explosion source, the distances between the monitoring points and the explosion source are distributed in a logarithmic mode, the monitoring points are distributed at the positions with the closest linear distance, the weakest shock resistance and the highest grade to be protected, and the detection accuracy of the explosion vibration waveform of the monitoring points can be improved.
In one embodiment, the method for controlling blast vibration further comprises:
when a plurality of objects to be protected exist on the monitoring line, monitoring points are distributed on the monitoring line in an equidistant distribution mode;
and the connecting line of the explosion source and the monitoring point is prevented from passing through the dead zone or the inhomogeneous entity.
Therefore, if a plurality of objects to be protected exist on the same monitoring line, points are distributed equidistantly and uniformly; the connecting line of the blasting source and the monitoring point is prevented from passing through the dead zone or the inhomogeneous entity as far as possible, and the detection accuracy of the blasting vibration waveform of the monitoring point can be improved.
And S106, acquiring a blasting vibration analysis result according to the blasting vibration waveform of each object to be protected.
In this way, monitoring points are respectively arranged at a plurality of objects to be protected with different blasting center distances according to a close-distance and remote-sparse and logarithmic arrangement strategy, and blasting vibration of the annular blast hole is tested to obtain blasting vibration waveforms of the objects to be protected; and acquiring a blasting vibration analysis result according to the blasting vibration waveform of each object to be protected, realizing accurate control on blasting vibration and improving the accuracy of blasting vibration.
In one embodiment, step S106 includes:
linearly superposing blasting vibration waveforms of different objects to be protected according to any delay time to obtain superposition peak velocities under different superposition conditions;
generating a relation curve of delay time and superposition peak speed according to different superposition conditions;
and counting and obtaining a delay time interval at each object to be protected, wherein the superposition peak speed of the delay time interval is less than any one of the single peak vibration speed, the control vibration speed and the double peak vibration speed.
In this embodiment, a corresponding calculation program is programmed to determine the number of different superimposed segments. For values of different superposition sections, 2-20 sections of common non-electric detonators are generally selected, and 2-1000 sections of digital detonators are generally selected. The blasting vibration wave linear superposition is carried out on each vertical blasting vibration waveform of different objects to be protected according to any delay time (generally within 1000 ms), the vibration wave peak value speed under the condition of different superposition section numbers is solved through a max (abs (X)) function, and a relation curve of the delay time and the blasting vibration peak value speed is drawn, as shown in fig. 7, 8 and 9. The number of superimposed stages in fig. 7 is 5, the number of superimposed stages in fig. 8 is 10, and the number of superimposed stages in fig. 9 is 20, and in fig. 7, 8, and 9, L1 represents a superimposed peak vibration velocity waveform, L2 represents a single-peak vibration velocity waveform, L3 represents a controlled vibration velocity waveform, and L4 represents a double-peak vibration velocity waveform.
And obtaining reasonable delay time intervals aiming at different explosive center distances through statistics. The reasonable delay time is generally selected within 100ms and meets the time interval that the velocity of the superposed peak is less than or equal to (the single peak vibration velocity is U-controlled vibration velocity is U-doubled peak vibration velocity). The delay time interval is generally selected within 100 ms.
In the embodiment, aiming at the technical problem that the conventional deep hole blasting is difficult to overcome the serious clamping of a single free surface, a multi-layered charging and cut-and-groove-expanding alternative blasting technology is provided; aiming at the problem of inaccurate estimation of delayed detonation time by engineering experience or empirical formula, a fully effective theoretical calculation method is provided from the angles of blasting stress, damage and displacement; aiming at the difficult problem of insufficient fine design degree of explosive charging blasting parameters such as explosive charging structure, detonation mode and the like, the precise control of blasting vibration is realized through fine layered explosive charging, precise delayed detonation and the like; unlike conventional analysis performed only for burst vibration field testing, post-analysis is performed by employing functional equations, analog calculations, and the like for optimization.
In the control method for blasting vibration provided by the embodiment, N circles of annular blast holes are arranged on a blasting working face along the cut footage direction, and the circles of the annular blast holes are respectively numbered as the ith circle of annular blast hole according to the circle diameters from small to large; the method is characterized in that the cut blast holes and the expanded blast holes are charged by adopting a multi-layer charging structure, the charging length of any layer of the cut blast holes is not more than 10 times of 2 times of square roots of the cut blast holes, the side-burst blast holes are charged by adopting a multi-layer charging structure or a continuous charging structure, and the energy-gathering joint-cutting blast holes are charged by adopting a multi-explosive-pack gradual-changing charging structure; sequentially detonating different explosive layers of the cut blast hole and the expanded blast hole along the cut footage direction, and detonating the cut blast hole and the expanded blast hole in the same explosive layer; and the side-burst blastholes and the energy-gathering joint-cutting blastholes are detonated in sequence from small to large according to the diameter of the ring between different rings, and the blastholes in the same ring of the side-burst blastholes and the energy-gathering joint-cutting blastholes are detonated in groups at intervals or integrally. Therefore, by adopting the sequence of multi-layered charging, alternate blasting and proper inter-hole delayed initiation, proper delay time is determined, accurate control of blasting vibration is realized, and the accuracy of blasting vibration is improved.
It should be noted that, in this document, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or terminal that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or terminal. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising an … …" does not exclude the presence of other like elements in a process, method, article, or terminal that comprises the element.
While the present embodiments have been described with reference to the accompanying drawings, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the precise embodiments described above, which are meant to be illustrative and not restrictive, and that various changes may be made therein by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (16)
1. A method of controlling blast vibration, the method comprising:
arranging N circles of annular blast holes on a blasting working face along the undermining footage direction, wherein each circle of annular blast hole is respectively numbered as the ith circle of annular blast hole according to the circle diameter from small to large, the ith circle of annular blast hole is provided with a plurality of blast holes, the number of the blast holes of the ith circle of annular blast hole is determined according to the circle diameter and the distance between adjacent holes, i is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to N, the 1 st circle of annular blast hole is an undermining blast hole, the 2 nd circle of annular blast hole is an expanded-slot blast hole, the 3 rd to N-1 circles of annular blast holes are side-collapsing blast holes, and the N th circle of annular blast holes is an energy-gathering kerf blast hole;
the explosive charging is carried out on the cut blast holes and the slot-expanding blast holes by adopting a multilayer explosive charging structure, the explosive charging length of any layer of the cut blast holes is not more than 10 times of the square root of 2 times of the number of the cut blast holes, the explosive charging is carried out on the side-burst blast holes by adopting a multilayer explosive charging structure or a continuous explosive charging structure, and the explosive charging is carried out on the energy-gathering slot-cutting blast holes by adopting a multi-explosive-pack gradual-changing type explosive charging structure;
sequentially detonating different charge layers of the undercut blastholes and the expanded blast holes along the undercut footage direction, wherein the undercut blastholes and the expanded blast holes are firstly detonated and then detonated in the same charge layer, and the reasonable delay time of adjacent delayed detonations is not less than the sum of the time from the development of a primary stress field to a free surface, the time from the formation of cracks in a rock body to the beginning of displacement and the time from the beginning of displacement to the formation of the free surface;
and the side-burst blastholes and the energy-gathering joint-cutting blastholes are detonated in sequence from small to large according to the diameter of the ring between different rings, and the blastholes in the same ring of the side-burst blastholes and the energy-gathering joint-cutting blastholes are detonated in groups at intervals or integrally.
2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
respectively setting monitoring points at a plurality of objects to be protected with different blasting center distances according to a close far sparse and logarithmic arrangement strategy, and testing the blasting vibration of the annular blast hole to obtain the blasting vibration waveform of each object to be protected;
and acquiring a blasting vibration analysis result according to the blasting vibration waveform of each object to be protected.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the effective hole depth of the 1 st to N-1 st annular blastholes is the maximum depth of the bottom surface of the multi-charge, and the effective hole depth of the Nth annular blastholes is the maximum depth of the bottom surface of the multi-charge;
the effective hole depth of the 3 rd to the N th annular blast holes is less than 50% of the total advancing rule of the combined space after the multilayer explosive charging explosion.
4. A method according to claim 3, wherein said charging in said undercut blastholes and said extended slot blastholes is carried out using a multi-layer charge configuration comprising:
the cut blast holes and the expanded blast holes are in a multi-layer charge structure with solid intervals in the axial direction;
the side-burst blast hole adopts multilayer charge structure to carry out the powder charge, includes:
the side-burst blast hole adopts a solid or air-spaced multilayer charge structure in the axial direction;
the explosive charging is carried out in the energy-gathering kerf blast hole by adopting a multi-explosive-pack gradual-change type explosive charging structure, and the method comprises the following steps:
the energy-gathering joint-cutting blast hole adopts a multi-explosive-pack gradual-change type explosive loading structure with air intervals.
5. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
any charge layer of the cut blast hole adopts axial continuous charge;
the charge length of any layer of the cut blast hole is determined according to the following formula:
wherein h represents the charging length of any layer of the cut blast holes, K represents the number of the cut blast holes, and d represents the diameter of a single hole of the cut blast holes.
6. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
and any charge layer of the slot-expanding blast hole adopts axial continuous charge or air-spaced charge of a plurality of cartridges.
7. The method of claim 1 wherein the number of charges in the multi-charge gradient charge configuration is greater than or equal to the number of charges in the multi-charge gradient charge configuration, and the lengths of the charges in the multi-charge gradient charge configuration decrease from the opening to the bottom of the hole.
8. The method according to claim 4, wherein the undercut blastholes and the extended slot blastholes are in a solid spaced M-layer charging structure in the axial direction, wherein M is more than or equal to 2;
the method further comprises the following steps:
sequentially naming each layer of explosive packages of the undercut blastholes and the expanded blastholes as a jth layer from an orifice to a hole bottom direction, wherein j is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to M, and M is the number of layers of the multilayer explosive loading structure; the depth of the bottom surface of each layer of explosive charge of the slot-expanded blast hole is less than or equal to the depth of the bottom surface of the explosive charge of the corresponding layer of explosive charge of the cut blast hole.
9. The method according to claim 8, wherein the initiation of the undercut blastholes and the expanded blastholes sequentially occurs in different charge layers along the undercut footage direction, and the initiation of the undercut blastholes and the expanded blastholes occurs first and then in the same charge layer, and comprises the following steps:
the detonation sequence of the M layers of explosive packages of the cut blast holes and the expanded blast holes is that the ith layer of the cut blast holes is detonated first and then the ith layer of the expanded blast holes is detonated, wherein i is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to M;
the delay time for adjacent delayed firings is determined according to the following equation:
T≥T 1 +T 2 +T 3 ；
wherein T represents the delay time of adjacent delay detonations, T 1 Represents the time for the initial stress field to develop into the free surface, T 2 Representing the time, T, from the formation of a fracture in the rock mass to the onset of displacement 3 Indicating the time from the start of displacement to the formation of the free surface.
10. The method of claim 9, further comprising:
determining the time for the preliminary stress field to develop to the free surface according to the following formula:
the time from formation of a fracture in the rock mass to the onset of displacement is determined according to the following equation:
the time from the start of the displacement to the formation of the free surface is determined according to the following formula:
wherein, T 1 Denotes the time for the initial stress field to develop to the free surface, ω denotes the line of least resistance, Cp denotes the stress wave propagation velocity, V C Represents the fracture propagation velocity, T 2 Representing the time, η, from formation of a fracture in the rock to the onset of displacement C The fracture coefficient of rock mass is shown, beta represents the opening angle of the blasting funnel, r represents the volume weight of the rock, and d represents the diameter of the blast hole.
11. The method of claim 10, further comprising:
the fracture propagation velocity was calculated according to the following formula:
wherein, gamma is 80 × 10 -6 ～100×10 -6 。
12. The method of claim 1, wherein the side-tipping blastholes and the energy-gathering kerf blastholes are initiated in groups of blastholes spaced apart in the same round, comprising:
under the condition that the single-shot dose allows, the side-burst blastholes and the energy-gathering joint-cutting blastholes in the same circle are divided into J +1 groups, J blastholes are arranged at intervals of adjacent blastholes in each group, the blastholes between the groups are sequentially detonated, and the blastholes in the groups are detonated simultaneously, wherein J is larger than or equal to 1.
13. The method according to claim 1, wherein the respectively setting monitoring points at a plurality of objects to be protected with different explosive center distances according to a close-distant-sparse and logarithmic arrangement strategy comprises:
the number of monitoring points is gradually changed from dense to sparse along with the increase of the distance between the object to be protected and the explosion source;
the distances between the monitoring points and the explosion sources are distributed logarithmically.
14. The method of claim 13, further comprising:
and arranging the monitoring points at the target positions of the objects to be protected, wherein the target positions are the positions which are closest to the linear distance of the explosion source, have the weakest shock resistance and/or have the highest grade of protection.
15. The method of claim 14, further comprising:
when a plurality of objects to be protected exist on the monitoring line, monitoring points are distributed on the monitoring line in an equidistant distribution mode;
and the connecting line of the explosion source and the monitoring point is prevented from passing through the dead zone or the inhomogeneous entity.
16. The method according to claim 2, wherein the obtaining of the blasting vibration analysis result according to the blasting vibration waveform at each object to be protected comprises:
linearly superposing blasting vibration waveforms of different objects to be protected according to any delay time to obtain superposition peak velocities under different superposition conditions;
generating a relation curve of delay time and superposition peak speed according to different superposition conditions;
and counting and obtaining a delay time interval at each object to be protected, wherein the superposition peak speed of the delay time interval is less than any one of the single peak vibration speed, the control vibration speed and the double peak vibration speed.
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