CN114413694A - Duplex triangular combined barrel-shaped layered segmented straight-hole cut blasting method - Google Patents
Duplex triangular combined barrel-shaped layered segmented straight-hole cut blasting method Download PDFInfo
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D1/00—Blasting methods or apparatus, e.g. loading or tamping
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D1/00—Blasting methods or apparatus, e.g. loading or tamping
- F42D1/08—Tamping methods; Methods for loading boreholes with explosives; Apparatus therefor
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
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- F42D3/04—Particular applications of blasting techniques for rock blasting
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Abstract
The invention discloses a duplex triangular combined barrel-shaped layered and segmented straight-hole undermining blasting method, which comprises the following steps: step A: arranging compound triangular combined barrel-shaped blast holes in a straight-hole cutting mode, wherein the compound triangular combined barrel-shaped blast holes consist of an outer barrel-shaped structure blast hole group and an inner compound triangular structure blast hole group; and B: filling explosives into blast holes of the inner-layer compound triangular structure blast hole group and blocking the stemming; and C: filling explosives into each blast hole of the blast hole group with the outer-layer barrel-shaped structure and blocking the stemming; step D: and detonating each blast hole of the compound triangular combined barrel-shaped blast hole to finish blasting. The invention organically combines the duplex triangular and barrel-shaped straight-hole cutting modes, fully exerts the advantages of the two modes, ensures that the rock at the bottom of the blast hole has good crushing effect, can throw out the crushed rock retained in the groove cavity and has high utilization rate of the blast hole.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of straight-hole cutting. In particular to a duplex triangle combined barrel-shaped layered and segmented straight-hole undermining blasting method.
Background
In tunnel and rock tunnel excavation blasting, each excavation cycle must be performed with cutting blasting firstly, and the aim is to create a crushing compensation space and a free surface for a large amount of subsequent blast hole blasting. The decisive factor influencing the tunnel and rock roadway blasting tunneling footage is cut blasting, which determines the blasting quality and the tunneling footage of each tunneling cycle. Therefore, the cut blasting is the key of the tunnel and rock roadway tunneling blasting technology. The quality of the cutting effect depends on the reasonable cutting mode and cutting parameters. The cutting mode can be divided into a straight-hole cutting mode and an inclined-hole cutting mode, and the straight-hole cutting mode is preferably adopted during medium-length hole blasting.
When the medium-length hole is blasted in a straight-hole cut mode, the clamping force of rocks is increased along with the increase of the depth of a blast hole, so that the difficulty of rock crushing at the bottom of the blast hole is increased, in addition, the crushed rocks at the bottom of the blast hole need to be thrown out of a slot cavity during blasting, and the rock throwing height is influenced by various factors such as the height of the blast hole, the charging amount, the distribution of the blast hole and the like, so that the rocks at the bottom of the slot cavity need to be broken after blasting, the rocks need to be thrown out of the slot cavity, equipment and a supporting structure cannot be damaged or the difficulty of rock loading cannot be caused by too high throwing or too far throwing, and the problem needs to be solved during the current medium-length hole blasting.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, the technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a duplex triangular combined barrel-shaped layered segmented straight-hole undermining blasting method to solve the problems of poor rock crushing effect at the bottom of a slot cavity, incomplete rock breaking throwing, overhigh or overlong throwing distance and the like during the underway deep hole blasting.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
the duplex triangular combined barrel-shaped layered segmented straight-hole undermining blasting method comprises the following steps:
step A: arranging compound triangular combined barrel-shaped blast holes in a straight-hole cutting mode, wherein the compound triangular combined barrel-shaped blast holes consist of an outer barrel-shaped structure blast hole group and an inner compound triangular structure blast hole group;
and B: filling explosives into each blast hole of the inner-layer compound triangular structure blast hole group and blocking the stemming;
and C: filling explosives into each blast hole of the blast hole group with the outer-layer barrel-shaped structure and blocking the stemming;
step D: and detonating each blast hole of the compound triangular combined barrel-shaped blast hole to finish blasting.
In the duplex triangular combined barrel-shaped layered segmented straight-hole undermining blasting method, in the step A, on the same horizontal plane: all blast holes of the outer barrel-shaped structure blast hole group are distributed on the same circle at equal intervals, and the circle center of the circle where the outer barrel-shaped structure blast hole group is located is the center of the inner compound triangular structure blast hole group.
The duplex triangular combined barrel-shaped layered and segmented straight-hole cut blasting method is characterized in that on the same horizontal plane: the inner-layer compound triangular structure gun hole group is located inside a circle where the outer-layer barrel-shaped structure gun hole group is located, the shortest distance between the gun holes of the outer-layer barrel-shaped structure gun hole group and the gun holes of the inner-layer compound triangular structure gun hole group is 300-350 mm, and the radius of the circle where the gun holes of the outer-layer barrel-shaped structure gun hole group are located is 600-630 mm.
According to the duplex triangular combined barrel-shaped layered segmented straight-hole undermining blasting method, the outer barrel-shaped structure blast hole group consists of 7 blast holes, and the distance between every two adjacent blast holes is 500-550 mm.
In the step A, the inner-layer compound triangular structure blast hole group consists of a large triangular blast hole group, a middle triangular blast hole group, a small triangular blast hole group and a central blast hole.
According to the compound triangular combined barrel-shaped layered segmented straight-hole undermining blasting method, the large triangular gun hole group, the medium triangular gun hole group and the small triangular gun hole group are all in equilateral triangle structures with three gun holes as vertexes, the small triangular gun hole group is an internal triangle of the medium triangular gun hole group, the medium triangular gun hole group is an internal triangle of the large triangular gun hole group, and the central gun hole is located in the center of the gun hole group with the inner-layer compound triangular structure.
According to the duplex triangular combined barrel-shaped layered segmented straight-hole cut blasting method, the distance between two adjacent blast holes in the large triangular blast hole group is 480-520 mm; the distance between two adjacent blast holes in the middle triangular blast hole group is 280-320 mm; the distance between two adjacent blast holes in the small triangular blast hole group is 130-180 mm.
According to the duplex triangular combined barrel-shaped layered segmented straight-hole cut blasting method, the depth of each blast hole of the middle triangular blast hole group is 1.8m, the depth of each blast hole of the large triangular blast hole group, the small triangular blast hole group, the central blast hole and the outer barrel-shaped structure blast hole group is 2.5m, and the aperture of each blast hole of the outer barrel-shaped structure blast hole group and the aperture of each blast hole of the inner duplex triangular structure blast hole group are 42 mm.
In the step B, the explosive loading of each blast hole of the small triangular blast hole group and the central blast hole is 0.75-0.85 kg/blast hole, and the stemming blocking length of each blast hole is 350 mm; the explosive loading of each blast hole of the middle triangular blast hole group is 0.75-0.85 kg/blast hole, and the stemming blocking length of each blast hole is 500-600 mm; the explosive loading of each blast hole of the large triangular blast holes is 1.20-1.30 kg/blast hole, and the stemming blocking length of each blast hole is 500-600 mm;
in the step C, the explosive loading of each blast hole is 1.1-1.15 kg, and the stemming blockage length of each blast hole is 500-600 mm.
In the step D, blasting is carried out in sequence according to the detonation sequence of the middle triangular blast hole group, the small triangular blast hole group, the central blast hole, the large triangular blast hole group and the outer barrel-shaped structure blast hole group.
The technical scheme of the invention achieves the following beneficial technical effects:
the duplex triangle combined barrel-shaped layered segmented straight-hole undermining blasting method organically combines the duplex triangle and barrel-shaped straight-hole undermining modes when in-process deep hole blasting, fully exerts the advantages of the duplex triangle and the barrel-shaped straight-hole undermining modes, firstly uses the duplex triangle blast hole to blast at the center to form a small groove cavity, and the existence of the small groove cavity ensures that not only can the rock between the barrel-shaped blast hole and the duplex triangle blast hole be crushed during the barrel-shaped blast hole blasting, but also the crushed rock remained in the groove cavity can be thrown out, and the blasting parameters of each blast hole are adjusted by controlling the arrangement mode of each blast hole, so that the rock at the bottom of the groove cavity after the medium-length hole blasting has good crushing effect, the utilization rate of the blast holes is high, and more than 90% of the crushed rock in the groove cavity is thrown out.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a front sectional view of blast hole distribution of a compound triangular combined barrel-shaped layered segmented straight-hole undermining in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a sectional top view of the blast hole distribution of the compound triangular combined barrel-shaped layered segmented straight-hole undermining of the present invention.
The reference numbers in the figures denote: 1-1# blast hole; 2-2# blast hole; 3-3# blast hole; 4-4# blast hole; 5-5# blast hole; 6-6# blast hole; 7-7# blast hole; 8-8# blast hole; 9-9# blast hole; 10-10# blast hole; 11-11# blast hole; 12-12# blast hole; 13-13# blast hole; 14-14# blast hole; 15-15# blast hole; 16-16# blast hole; 17-17# blast hole; 20-inner layer duplex triangular structure blast hole group; 21-small triangular blast hole group; 22-outer barrel-shaped structure blast hole group; 23-big triangle perforation group; 24-middle triangular blast hole group; 25-central blast hole.
Detailed Description
The duplex triangular combined barrel-shaped layered segmented straight-hole undermining blasting method comprises the following steps:
step A: arranging compound triangular combined barrel-shaped blast holes in a straight-hole cutting mode, wherein the compound triangular combined barrel-shaped blast holes consist of an outer barrel-shaped structure blast hole group 22 and an inner compound triangular structure blast hole group 20; as shown in fig. 1, on the same horizontal plane: all blast holes of the outer barrel-shaped structure blast hole group 22 are distributed on the same circle at equal intervals, and the circle center of the circle where the outer barrel-shaped structure blast hole group 22 is located is the center of the inner compound triangular structure blast hole group 20; the inner-layer compound triangular structure gun hole group 20 is positioned inside a circle where the outer-layer barrel-shaped structure gun hole group 22 is positioned, the shortest distance between the gun holes of the outer-layer barrel-shaped structure gun hole group 22 and the gun holes of the inner-layer compound triangular structure gun hole group 20 is 320mm, and the radius of the circle where the gun holes of the outer-layer barrel-shaped structure gun hole group 22 are positioned is 607 mm;
and B: filling explosives into each blast hole of the inner-layer compound triangular structure blast hole group 20 and blocking the stemming;
as shown in fig. 1, the inner-layer compound triangular-structure perforation group 20 is composed of a large triangular perforation group 23, a middle triangular perforation group 24, a small triangular perforation group 21 and a central perforation 25; the large triangular gun hole group 23, the middle triangular gun hole group 24 and the small triangular gun hole group 21 are all in an equilateral triangle structure with three gun holes as vertexes, the small triangular gun hole group 21 is an internal triangle of the middle triangular gun hole group 24, the middle triangular gun hole group 24 is an internal triangle of the large triangular gun hole group 23, and the central gun hole 25 is positioned at the center of the inner-layer compound triangular gun hole group 20; as shown in table 1, the distance between two adjacent blast holes in the large triangular blast hole group 23 is 496 mm; the distance between two adjacent blast holes in the middle triangular blast hole group 24 is 300 mm; the distance between two adjacent blast holes in the small triangular blast hole group 21 is 150 mm.
As shown in fig. 2, each gun hole depth of the medium triangular gun hole group 24 is 1.8m, each gun hole depth of the large triangular gun hole group 23, the small triangular gun hole group 21, the central gun hole 25 and the outer barrel-shaped structure gun hole group 22 is 2.5m, and as shown in table 1, each gun hole aperture of the outer barrel-shaped structure gun hole group 22 and each gun hole aperture of the inner compound triangular structure gun hole group 20 are 42 mm.
In the step, the explosive loading of each blast hole in each blast hole of the medium triangular blast holes 24 is 0.804kg, and the stemming length of each blast hole is 500-600 mm; the explosive loading of each of the small triangular blast holes 21 and the central blast holes 25 is 0.804kg, and the stemming length of each blast hole is 350 mm; the loading amount of each blast hole in each blast hole of the large triangular blast holes 23 is 1.25kg, and the filling length of each blast hole is 500-600 mm.
And C: filling explosive into each blast hole of the outer barrel-shaped structure blast hole group 22 and blocking the stemming; the outer barrel-shaped structure blast hole group 22 consists of 7 blast holes, and the distance between every two adjacent blast holes is 527 mm; the explosive loading of each blast hole is 1.125kg, and the stemming blockage length of each blast hole is 500-600 mm.
Step D: detonating each blast hole of the inner layer duplex triangular structure blast hole group 20 and the outer layer barrel-shaped structure blast hole group 22 to finish blasting; during detonation, the blast holes are connected in series, and then the blast holes are blasted in sequence according to the sequence of the middle triangular blast hole group 24, the small triangular blast hole group 21, the central blast hole 25, the large triangular blast hole group 23 and the outer barrel-shaped structure blast hole group 22. Table 1 shows the blasting parameters of each blast hole of this example.
TABLE 1
In this embodiment, the 1-3 # blastholes of the medium triangular blasthole group are shallow holes, the hole depth is 1.8m, the charging structure is charging from the hole bottom to the hole opening, the opposite detonation is carried out, the I-section detonators are charged, the 1-3 # blastholes are firstly detonated, the upper-section rock is firstly blasted, a new free surface is created for the blasting of the lower-section rock, and the resistance of the blasting of the lower-section rock is greatly reduced.
The shot holes 4-7 of the small triangular shot hole group and the central shot hole are deep holes with the depth of 2.5m, and the third-section detonators are arranged, and the purpose of not adopting the second-section detonators is to ensure enough initiation time delay after the 1-3 shot holes are initiated, so that the rock is sufficiently crushed and thrown, and the rock compaction regeneration is prevented. When the 1-3 # blast hole is detonated, in order to utilize the free surface of the hollow hole of the 4-7 # blast hole, the 4-7 # blast hole is only filled with a small amount of explosive at the bottom of the hole, the detonation is carried out reversely, the sufficient stemming blocking length is ensured, and the stemming length is 35-50% of the filling length. The upper part of the 4-7 # blast hole can play a role of a free surface of a hollow hole when the 1-3 # blast hole is blasted. And if the stemming blockage length is too long, the hollow hole is shortened, and the effect of the free surface of the hollow hole is weakened. When the lower subsection explosive is blasted, the crushing of the lower subsection rock can be enhanced by utilizing the residual stress and a large number of blasting cracks in the rock when the upper subsection is blasted.
The blast holes 8-10 # of the large triangular blast hole group are deep holes with the depth of 2.5m, the charging structure is charging from the bottom of the hole to the hole opening, the blasting is carried out reversely, the blasting sequence is IV sections, the bottom rocks of the lower sections can be fully crushed, and the rocks which are not thrown out at the upper parts can be thrown out. After blasting of No. 1-10 blast holes of the triangular cut holes, small cavities are formed.
The 11-17 # blastholes are in a circle of closed barrel shape, all the blastholes are deep holes, the hole depth is 2.5m, the charging structure charges from the hole bottom to the hole opening, the initiation sequence is a V section, after the duplex type triangular cut hole blasthole is blasted, a large free surface is provided for the blasting of the 11-17 # blastholes, the barrel-shaped cut blasthole is finally detonated, not only can the rock between the barrel-shaped blasthole and the duplex type triangular blasthole be crushed, but also more than 90% of crushed rock remained in the groove cavity can be thrown out. When the blast holes are detonated, the 11-17 # blast holes can play a role of free surfaces of empty holes, so that the rock clamping force borne by the duplex triangular cut blast holes during blasting is reduced, and the formation of a slot cavity is facilitated. The peripheral barrel-shaped cut blast holes can ensure that a plurality of empty holes exist when each blast hole of the central compound triangular cut hole is blasted, and the effect of the free surface of each empty hole is greatly enhanced.
The compound triangular layered and segmented straight-hole undermining method has the advantages that the funnel-shaped groove cavity is formed after the upper segmented explosive charging blasting, a new free surface is created for the lower segmented explosive charging, the rock breaking is enhanced by the residual stress and a large number of explosive cracks of the lower segmented explosive charging in the rock, the throwing effect is small, the explosive pile is concentrated, and the rock charging is facilitated; the disadvantage is that the method has a small cut area range and a large rock clamping effect.
The barrel-shaped straight-hole undermining method has the advantages that the undermining area range is large, and a large free surface and a rock crushing expansion space are provided for subsequent blast hole blasting; its disadvantages are high rock block rate after explosion, over-digging at hole bottom and serious door curtain hanging at hole mouth.
In the duplex triangle combined barrel-shaped layered segmented straight-eye undermining blasting method in the embodiment, the duplex triangle and barrel-shaped straight-eye undermining modes are organically combined, and the advantages of the duplex triangle and barrel-shaped straight-eye undermining modes are fully exerted: after going up the segmentation rock blasting promptly, provide new free surface for lower segmentation rock blasting, make the blasting of lower segmentation rock resist and obviously reduce, improved explosive explosion energy and the broken matching relation of rock, the upper portion hole effect of inlayer deep hole can also be utilized during the blasting of outer shallow hole, the undercutting regional scope is big, the vallecular cavity is darker and bulky, and through the mode of arranging of controlling each big gun hole, adjust the blasting parameter of each big gun hole, make vallecular cavity bottom rock crushing effectual, big gun hole high-usage, and the broken rock more than 90% in the vallecular cavity is all thrown out, the vallecular cavity cleanliness is high. In addition, when the embodiment is used for blasting, the throwing height of the broken stones is low, the supporting structure cannot be damaged, the throwing distance of the broken stones is small, the equipment cannot be easily damaged, blasting piles are concentrated, and rock loading is facilitated.
It should be understood that the above examples are only for clarity of illustration and are not intended to limit the embodiments. Other variations and modifications will be apparent to persons skilled in the art in light of the above description. It is not necessary or necessary to exhaustively enumerate all embodiments herein, and obvious variations or modifications can be introduced thereby while remaining within the scope of the claims of the present patent application.
Claims (10)
1. The duplex triangular combined barrel-shaped layered and segmented straight-hole undermining blasting method is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step A: compound triangular combined barrel-shaped blast holes are arranged in a straight-hole cutting mode, and each compound triangular combined barrel-shaped blast hole consists of an outer barrel-shaped structure blast hole group (22) and an inner compound triangular structure blast hole group (20);
and B: filling explosives into each blast hole of the inner-layer compound triangular structure blast hole group (20) and blocking the stemming;
and C: filling explosives into each blast hole of the blast hole group (22) with the outer-layer barrel-shaped structure and blocking the stemming;
step D: and detonating each blast hole of the compound triangular combined barrel-shaped blast hole to finish blasting.
2. A duplex triangular combined barrel-shaped segmented straight-hole undermining blasting method according to claim 1, wherein in step a, on the same horizontal plane: all blast holes of the outer barrel-shaped structure blast hole group (22) are distributed on the same circle at equal intervals, and the circle center of the circle where the outer barrel-shaped structure blast hole group (22) is located is the center of the inner compound triangular structure blast hole group (20).
3. A compound triangular combined barrel-shaped layered segmented straight-hole undermining blasting method according to claim 2, characterized in that on the same horizontal plane: the inner-layer compound triangular structure gun hole group (20) is located inside a circle where the outer-layer barrel-shaped structure gun hole group (22) is located, the shortest distance between the gun holes of the outer-layer barrel-shaped structure gun hole group (22) and the gun holes of the inner-layer compound triangular structure gun hole group (20) is 300-350 mm, and the radius of the circle where the gun holes of the outer-layer barrel-shaped structure gun hole group (22) are located is 600-630 mm.
4. A duplex triangular combined barrel-shaped segmented straight-hole undermining blasting method according to claim 2, wherein the outer barrel-shaped structure blast hole group (22) consists of 7 blast holes, and the distance between two adjacent blast holes is 500-550 mm.
5. A duplex triangular combined barrel-shaped segmented straight-hole undermining blasting method according to claim 1, wherein in step a, the inner-layer duplex triangular structure hole group (20) is composed of a large triangular hole group (23), a middle triangular hole group (24), a small triangular hole group (21) and a central hole (25).
6. A duplex triangular combined barrel-shaped segmented straight-hole undermining blasting method according to claim 5, wherein the large triangular blasthole group (23), the middle triangular blasthole group (24) and the small triangular blasthole group (21) are all in an equilateral triangle structure with three blastholes as vertexes, the small triangular blasthole group (21) is an inscribed triangle of the middle triangular blasthole group (24), the middle triangular blasthole group (24) is an inscribed triangle of the large triangular blasthole group (23), and the central blasthole (25) is located in the center of the inner-layer duplex triangular structure blasthole group (20).
7. A duplex triangular combined barrel-shaped layered segmented straight-hole undermining blasting method according to claim 5, wherein the distance between two adjacent blast holes in the large triangular blast hole group (23) is 480-520 mm; the distance between two adjacent blast holes in the middle triangular blast hole group (24) is 280-320 mm; the distance between two adjacent blast holes in the small triangular blast hole group (21) is 130-180 mm.
8. A compound triangular combined barrel-shaped layered segmented straight-hole undermining blasting method according to claim 5, wherein each hole depth of the medium triangular hole group (24) is 1.8m, each hole depth of the large triangular hole group (23), the small triangular hole group (21), the central hole (25) and the outer barrel-shaped structure hole group (22) is 2.5m, and each hole diameter of the outer barrel-shaped structure hole group (22) and the inner compound triangular structure hole group (20) is 42 mm.
9. A compound triangular combined barrel-shaped layered segmented straight-hole undermining blasting method according to claim 8, wherein in step B, the loading of each blast hole of the small triangular blast hole group (21) and the central blast hole (25) is 0.75-0.85 kg/blast hole, and the stemming length of each blast hole is 350 mm; the explosive loading of each blast hole of the middle triangular blast hole group (24) is 0.75-0.85 kg/blast hole, and the stemming blocking length of each blast hole is 500-600 mm; the explosive loading of each blast hole of the large triangular blast holes (23) is 1.20-1.30 kg/blast hole, and the stemming length of each blast hole is 500-600 mm;
in the step C, the explosive loading of each blast hole is 1.1-1.15 kg, and the stemming blockage length of each blast hole is 500-600 mm.
10. A duplex triangular combined barrel-shaped segmented straight-hole undermining blasting method according to claim 9, wherein in step D, the blasting is performed sequentially according to the order of initiation of the medium triangular hole group (24), the small triangular hole group (21) and the central hole (25), the large triangular hole group (23) and the outer barrel-shaped structure hole group (22).
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114754644A (en) * | 2022-06-01 | 2022-07-15 | 北京科技大学 | Cut blasting method for optimizing number of blast holes in rock roadway tunneling |
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| CN109029176A (en) * | 2018-08-30 | 2018-12-18 | 西北矿冶研究院 | Sectional type cutting method |
| CN111457800A (en) * | 2020-04-14 | 2020-07-28 | 郑州信息科技职业学院 | Straight-eye barrel-shaped cutting hole arrangement structure and roadway straight-eye barrel-shaped cutting blasting method thereof |
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- 2022-01-13 CN CN202210046546.5A patent/CN114413694A/en active Pending
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| CN109029176A (en) * | 2018-08-30 | 2018-12-18 | 西北矿冶研究院 | Sectional type cutting method |
| CN111457800A (en) * | 2020-04-14 | 2020-07-28 | 郑州信息科技职业学院 | Straight-eye barrel-shaped cutting hole arrangement structure and roadway straight-eye barrel-shaped cutting blasting method thereof |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN114754644A (en) * | 2022-06-01 | 2022-07-15 | 北京科技大学 | Cut blasting method for optimizing number of blast holes in rock roadway tunneling |
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