CN114009601A - Special complete pellet feed capable of improving net meat rate for beef cattle - Google Patents
Special complete pellet feed capable of improving net meat rate for beef cattle Download PDFInfo
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- CN114009601A CN114009601A CN202111321453.0A CN202111321453A CN114009601A CN 114009601 A CN114009601 A CN 114009601A CN 202111321453 A CN202111321453 A CN 202111321453A CN 114009601 A CN114009601 A CN 114009601A
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- beef cattle
- feed
- compound
- meat rate
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Classifications
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- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/10—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for ruminants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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Abstract
The invention discloses a special complete pellet feed for beef cattle, which can improve the net meat rate, and comprises main materials and auxiliary materials, wherein the main materials comprise the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30-50 parts of corn, 10-20 parts of soybean meal, 5-10 parts of wheat bran, 5-15 parts of cottonseed meal, 5-15 parts of rice bran, 3-7 parts of rapeseed meal and 3-7 parts of vinasse powder; the auxiliary materials comprise compound vitamins, compound amino acids, medium and trace elements, compound microbial agents, sodium chloride, alkali, astragalus polysaccharide and sodium selenite; the alkali content is 4-6 g/kg; the content of the sodium chloride is 1-3.2 g/kg; the content of the astragalus polysaccharide is 0.3-0.5 g/kg; the addition amount of the sodium selenite is 0.7-2.5 mg/kg; the compound amino acid comprises Aspergillus niger 3 × 104cfu/g. The beef product with high net meat rate and low fat content can be produced by feeding the beef with the feed.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of beef cattle raising, and particularly relates to a special complete pellet feed for beef cattle, which can improve the net meat rate.
Background
Beef is a favorite food for people, so that the beef cattle breeding industry develops rapidly, the beef cattle industry becomes an important industry in the animal husbandry in China along with the rapid development of the beef cattle industry, and the beef cattle industry chain is also in the improvement. In the main beef cattle production areas in China, such as the central plains beef cattle zone and the northeast beef cattle zone, the method for encouraging farmers to raise beef cattle becomes an important measure for realizing local economic prosperity and income increase of farmers.
Because the international market pays more attention to the quality of beef carcass, high-grade beef is more and more favored by consumers. However, the problems of extensive feeding, unreasonable feed preparation and the like exist in the beef cattle breeding process in China. The existing complete feed for beef cattle mainly takes four raw materials of corn, bean pulp, wheat bran and pasture as main materials, and auxiliary materials for promoting growth comprise macroelements, microelements, various amino acids, various vitamins, phagostimulant and antibiotics, and the content of crude protein is 14-16%. Mixing the main material and the auxiliary material uniformly to prepare cylindrical granules, coloring to be pure yellow or light yellow or brown, mixing with forage uniformly before feeding, and directly feeding, or soaking in water to dilute, refining and then feeding coarsely before feeding.
The existing complete feed special for beef cattle has the following defects: firstly, the content of crude protein is low and the energy is high; secondly, the used natural protein and energy raw materials are few in variety, and artificially synthesized energy and protein are used; thirdly, the cattle are not classified according to the growth stage and the use in detail; fourthly, the content of coarse fiber is too high. The defects result in that the net meat yield of beef cattle bred by the complete feed for fattening is low, the fat content is too high, the beef quality and the taste are influenced to a certain extent, and the breeding benefit of the beef cattle is reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems, the invention provides the special complete pellet feed for the beef cattle, which can improve the net meat rate, has higher nutritional value and medicinal characteristics, can improve the production performance, slaughter performance and meat quality, reduces the feed-meat ratio and reduces the cost of breeding feed; the beef cattle feed contains traditional Chinese medicine components, so that the immunity of the organism can be effectively enhanced, the disease resistance of beef cattle can be improved, and the morbidity and mortality can be reduced; the selenium content in the meat is increased, the quality of beef cattle meat can be obviously improved, the meat flavor is increased, the mouthfeel is improved, and the accumulation of cholesterol in the meat is obviously reduced; the organic ecological beef cattle meat product can be produced by matching with scientific feeding, and the requirements of people on healthy food are met.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a special complete pellet feed for beef cattle capable of improving the net meat rate comprises main materials and auxiliary materials; the main material comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30-50 parts of corn, 10-20 parts of soybean meal, 5-10 parts of wheat bran, 5-15 parts of cottonseed meal, 5-15 parts of rice bran, 3-7 parts of rapeseed meal and 3-7 parts of vinasse powder;
the auxiliary materials comprise compound vitamins, compound amino acids, medium and trace elements, compound microbial agents, sodium chloride, alkali, astragalus polysaccharide and sodium selenite;
the alkali content is 4-6 g/kg;
the content of the sodium chloride is 1-3.2 g/kg;
the content of the astragalus polysaccharide is 0.3-0.5 g/kg;
the addition amount of the sodium selenite is 0.7-2.5 mg/kg;
the compound amino acid comprises Aspergillus niger 3 × 104cfu/g。
Further, the compound vitamins comprise 180-240 IU/kg of vitamin A, 334-100 IU/kg of vitamin D and 0.4mg/kg of vitamin E.
Furthermore, the compound amino acid comprises 20% of DL-methionine, 50% of L-lysine and 30% of L-arginine.
Further, the medium trace elements comprise 1.2-7.5 mg/kg of iron, 0.1-0.75 mg/kg of copper, 1.1-3 mg/kg of zinc, 0.6-3.7 mg/kg of manganese, 0.012-0.08 mg/kg of iodine and 3-7 mg/kg of calcium.
Furthermore, the compound microbial agent also comprises bacillus subtilis 5 multiplied by 104cfu/g, Bacillus licheniformis 1X 106cfu/g。
Further, the alkali is one or a mixture of two of sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the pellet feed, which comprises the following steps:
a: crushing the main material, mixing with compound vitamins, compound amino acids, medium and trace elements, sodium chloride, alkali and astragalus polysaccharide, stirring uniformly, sterilizing by steam, softening, modifying, and granulating in a granulator to obtain feed granules;
b: and cooling the feed particles in an upwind cooler, feeding the cooled feed particles into a drum-type stirrer, adding the compound microbial agent, and uniformly stirring to obtain the feed.
Furthermore, the steam pressure is 0.4-0.7 MPa.
Further, the tempering temperature is 75-85 ℃, and the conditioning time is 15-25 s.
The invention also provides a feeding method of the pellet feed, which comprises the following steps: mixing and stirring the pellet feed and the forage uniformly and then feeding the mixture directly; wherein the addition amount of the pellet feed is 0.8-2.5% of the weight of the beef cattle, and the addition amount of the forage is 0.4-2% of the weight of the beef cattle.
Description of the components of the invention:
astragalus membranaceus, Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bunge, also known as Astragalus membranaceus. Perennial herbs. [ PROPERTIES AND FLAVOUR-RESERVING CHANNEL ] PROPERTIES: sweet and warm. Meridian tropism: it enters lung, spleen, liver and kidney meridians. Has effects in enhancing immunity, protecting liver, promoting urination, resisting aging, resisting stress, lowering blood pressure, and inhibiting bacteria. Radix astragali has effects of invigorating qi, consolidating exterior, arresting sweating, promoting granulation, inducing diuresis, and relieving swelling. Can be used for treating deficiency of vital energy, asthenia, collapse of middle-warmer energy, chronic diarrhea, proctoptosis, hematochezia, metrorrhagia, superficial deficiency, spontaneous perspiration, carbuncle, cellulitis, intractable ulcer, blood deficiency, sallow complexion, internal heat, diabetes, chronic nephritis, albuminuria, diabetes, etc.
The Astragalus polysaccharides are water-soluble heteropolysaccharides obtained by extracting, concentrating and purifying dried root of Astragalus mongholicus (Fisch.) bge or Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) bge of Leguminosae. Yellowish, fine and smooth powder, uniformity, no impurities and hygroscopicity. The Astragalus polysaccharides comprises hexuronic acid, glucose, fructose, rhamnose, arabinose, galacturonic acid and glucuronic acid, can be used as immunopotentiator or regulator, and has antiviral, antitumor, antiaging, radioprotective, anti-stress, and antioxidant effects. Astragalus polysaccharides are the main components of Astragalus and contain various nutrients such as amino acids, vitamins, trace elements, etc., and contain Unknown Growth Factors (UGF).
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. in the feed raw materials, the corn, the bean pulp, the wheat bran, the cottonseed meal, the rice bran, the rapeseed meal and the vinasse are used as main materials, so that the content of crude fiber in the feed is reduced, and the content of crude protein is improved; in the auxiliary materials, the compound vitamins, compound amino acids and medium trace elements can help beef cattle to quickly grow and meet the daily physiological needs of beef cattle organisms; the sodium chloride can increase the feed intake of the beef cattle, promote the quick growth of the beef cattle and the daily physiological needs of the beef cattle body; the alkali can help beef cattle to invigorate stomach and prevent acidosis; in the compound microbial agent, the bacillus subtilis can enhance the functions of the digestive system of the beef cattle and promote the digestion of food and the absorption of nutrient substances; the bacillus licheniformis can enhance the function of the digestive system of the beef cattle, and promote the digestion of food and the absorption of nutrient substances.
2. In the feed raw materials, the astragalus polysaccharide is used as a traditional Chinese medicine extract, and has the functions of enhancing the body immunity, protecting the liver, promoting urination, resisting aging, resisting stress, reducing blood pressure and having wider antibacterial action; meanwhile, rumen fermentation can be improved, and the content of total volatile fatty acid is increased, so that the utilization rate of the feed is improved; the expression of the vinum meat somatostatin gene and protein can be inhibited, so that the muscle growth is promoted, the muscle fiber cell proliferation is promoted, the cell apoptosis is inhibited, and the meat purity is improved. The sodium selenite is used as a selenium source and can help beef cattle to supplement selenium element, the selenium element is an important component of glutathione peroxidase, and the antioxidation of the glutathione peroxidase can well eliminate free radicals and other oxidation groups in organisms, effectively block the oxidation of the oxidation groups to polyunsaturated fatty acid in the organisms, protect the integrity of cells and remarkably reduce the water drop loss of muscles. The aspergillus niger can crack macromolecular organic matters and sodium selenite, so that the beef cattle can absorb and utilize the organic matters conveniently; and has the ability to biologically convert sodium selenite into selenium polysaccharide, so that selenium is bonded to the astragalus polysaccharide in the form of seleninic acid groups to obtain selenized astragalus polysaccharide; the astragalus polysaccharide selenide converts toxic inorganic selenium into non-toxic organic selenium to form a five-membered ring selenite structure; the selenized astragalus polysaccharide has physiological and pharmacological effects of both selenium and astragalus polysaccharide, and the biological activity of the selenized astragalus polysaccharide is higher than that of unmodified astragalus polysaccharide, so that the selenized astragalus polysaccharide is more beneficial to absorption and utilization of organisms. The sodium selenite has synergistic effect with vitamin A and vitamin E, and can prevent oxidation of vitamin A and vitamin E and enhance the effects of vitamin A and vitamin E.
3. The pellet feed has higher nutritive value and medicinal property, high crude protein content, increased digestion energy, and is rich in various vitamins and amino acids, can improve the digestion function of beef cattle, is beneficial to improving the feed conversion rate, has the characteristic of selenium enrichment, improves the muscle quality, improves the oxidation resistance, increases the flavor and the taste, can eliminate the fishy smell of beef in a short period, and produces ecological beef cattle products; the herbal medicine components can play a role in health care and body building, improve the disease resistance of organisms, promote healthy development and improve the disease resistance rate; the beef cattle fed by the feed can reach the experimental example.
4. The feed is used for beef cattle breeding, can improve the meat quality, has wide prospect, and is suitable for vigorous popularization and use in the captive beef cattle industry.
Detailed Description
In order to facilitate a better understanding of the invention, the following examples are given to illustrate, but not to limit the scope of the invention.
The present invention is illustrated by the following more specific examples.
Example 1
The special complete granulated feed for beef cattle, which can improve the net meat rate, comprises main materials and auxiliary materials, wherein the main materials comprise the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30 parts of corn, 10 parts of bean pulp, 6 parts of wheat bran, 7 parts of cottonseed meal, 5 parts of rice bran, 3 parts of rapeseed meal and 4 parts of vinasse powder;
the auxiliary materials comprise 0.1 part of DL-methionine, 0.25 part of L-lysine, 0.15 part of L-arginine, 180IU/kg of vitamin A, 334 IU/kg of vitamin D, 0.4mg/kg of vitamin E, 1.2mg/kg of ferrum, 0.1mg/kg of copper, 1.1mg/kg of zinc, 1mg/kg of manganese, 0.012mg/kg of iodine, 3mg/kg of calcium content and 5 multiplied by 10 parts of bacillus subtilis4cfu/g, Bacillus licheniformis 1X 106cfu/g, Aspergillus niger 3X 104cfu/g, sodium chloride 1g/kg, sodium hydroxide 5g/kg, astragalus polysaccharide 0.3g/kg, sodium selenite 0.7 mg/kg.
The preparation method of the special complete pellet feed for beef cattle comprises the following steps:
a: pulverizing main materials, mixing with compound vitamins, compound amino acids, medium and trace elements, sodium chloride, alkali, and radix astragali polysaccharide, stirring, sterilizing with 0.4Mpa steam, softening, adjusting quality at 75 deg.C for 15s, and granulating in granulator to obtain feed granule;
b: and cooling the feed particles in a counter-wind cooler, feeding the cooled feed particles into a drum-type stirrer, adding bacillus subtilis and bacillus licheniformis, and uniformly stirring to obtain the feed.
Example 2
The special complete granulated feed for beef cattle, which can improve the net meat rate, comprises main materials and auxiliary materials, wherein the main materials comprise the following raw materials in parts by weight: 35 parts of corn, 20 parts of bean pulp, 5 parts of wheat bran, 5 parts of cottonseed meal, 15 parts of rice bran, 4 parts of rapeseed meal and 3 parts of vinasse powder;
the auxiliary materials comprise 0.12 part of DL-methionine, 0.3 part of L-lysine, 0.18 part of L-arginine, 180-240 IU/kg of vitamin A, 334-100 IU/kg of vitamin D, 0.4mg/kg of vitamin E, 1.2-7.5 mg/kg of ferrum, 0.25mg/kg of copper, 1.4mg/kg of zinc, 1.6mg/kg of manganese, 0.037mg/kg of iodine, 4mg/kg of calcium and 5 multiplied by 10 parts of bacillus subtilis4cfu/g, Bacillus licheniformis 1X 106cfu/g, Aspergillus niger 7X 104cfu/g, 1.8g/kg of sodium chloride, 4.5g/kg of sodium hydroxide, 0.3g/kg of astragalus polysaccharide and 1mg/kg of sodium selenite.
The preparation method of the special complete pellet feed for beef cattle comprises the following steps:
a: pulverizing main materials, mixing with compound vitamins, compound amino acids, medium and trace elements, sodium chloride, alkali, and radix astragali polysaccharide, stirring, sterilizing with 0.5Mpa steam, softening, adjusting quality at 78 deg.C for 20s, and granulating in granulator to obtain feed granule;
b: and cooling the feed particles in a counter-wind cooler, feeding the cooled feed particles into a drum-type stirrer, adding bacillus subtilis and bacillus licheniformis, and uniformly stirring to obtain the feed.
Example 3
The special complete granulated feed for beef cattle, which can improve the net meat rate, comprises main materials and auxiliary materials, wherein the main materials comprise the following raw materials in parts by weight: 40 parts of corn, 15 parts of bean pulp, 8 parts of wheat bran, 10 parts of cottonseed meal, 12 parts of rice bran, 5 parts of rapeseed meal and 7 parts of vinasse powder;
the auxiliary materials comprise 0.16 part of DL-methionine, 0.4 part of L-lysine, 0.24 part of L-arginine, 180-240 IU/kg of vitamin A, 334-100 IU/kg of vitamin D, 0.4mg/kg of vitamin E, 1.2-7.5 mg/kg of ferrum, 0.42mg/kg of copper, 3mg/kg of zinc, 3.7mg/kg of manganese, 0.066mg/kg of iodine, 5mg/kg of calcium content and 5 multiplied by 10 parts of bacillus subtilis4cfu/g, Bacillus licheniformis 1X 106cfu/g, Aspergillus niger 3X 104cfu/g, 1-3.2 g/kg of sodium chloride, 4-6 g/kg of potassium hydroxide, 0.4g/kg of astragalus polysaccharide and 1.5mg/kg of sodium selenite.
The preparation method of the special complete pellet feed for beef cattle comprises the following steps:
a: crushing main materials, mixing with compound vitamins, compound amino acids, medium and trace elements, sodium chloride, alkali and astragalus polysaccharide, stirring uniformly, sterilizing and softening by adopting 0.6Mpa steam, tempering at 80 ℃ for 25s, and then granulating in a granulator to obtain feed granules;
b: and cooling the feed particles in a counter-wind cooler, feeding the cooled feed particles into a drum-type stirrer, adding bacillus subtilis and bacillus licheniformis, and uniformly stirring to obtain the feed.
Example 4
The special complete granulated feed for beef cattle, which can improve the net meat rate, comprises main materials and auxiliary materials, wherein the main materials comprise the following raw materials in parts by weight: 45 parts of corn, 12 parts of bean pulp, 10 parts of wheat bran, 15 parts of cottonseed meal, 8 parts of rice bran, 7 parts of rapeseed meal and 5 parts of vinasse powder;
the auxiliary materials comprise 0.18 part of DL-methionine, 0.45 part of L-lysine, 0.27 part of L-arginine, 190IU/kg of vitamin A, 368 IU/kg of vitamin D, 0.4mg/kg of vitamin E, 5.5mg/kg of ferrum, 0.75mg/kg of copper, 2.0mg/kg of zinc, 0.6mg/kg of manganese, 0.025mg/kg of iodine, 6mg/kg of calcium and 5 multiplied by 10 parts of bacillus subtilis4cfu/g, Bacillus licheniformis 1X 106cfu/g, Aspergillus niger 3X 104cfu/g, 1.2g/kg of sodium chloride, 4g/kg of sodium hydroxide, 0.4g/kg of astragalus polysaccharide and 2mg/kg of sodium selenite.
The preparation method of the special complete pellet feed for beef cattle comprises the following steps:
a: pulverizing main materials, mixing with compound vitamins, compound amino acids, medium and trace elements, sodium chloride, alkali, and radix astragali polysaccharide, stirring, sterilizing with 0.6Mpa steam, softening, adjusting quality at 82 deg.C for 20s, and granulating in granulator to obtain feed granule;
b: and cooling the feed particles in a counter-wind cooler, feeding the cooled feed particles into a drum-type stirrer, adding bacillus subtilis and bacillus licheniformis, and uniformly stirring to obtain the feed.
Example 5
The special complete granulated feed for beef cattle, which can improve the net meat rate, comprises main materials and auxiliary materials, wherein the main materials comprise the following raw materials in parts by weight: 50 parts of corn, 18 parts of bean pulp, 7 parts of wheat bran, 12 parts of cottonseed meal, 15 parts of rice bran, 6 parts of rapeseed meal and 6 parts of vinasse powder;
the auxiliary materials comprise 0.2 part of DL-methionine, 0.5 part of L-lysine, 0.3 part of L-arginine, 200IU/kg of vitamin A, 350 IU/kg of vitamin D, 0.4mg/kg of vitamin E, 2.1mg/kg of ferrum, 0.2mg/kg of copper, 1.4mg/kg of zinc, 0.9mg/kg of manganese, 0.08mg/kg of iodine, 7mg/kg of calcium content and 5 multiplied by 10 parts of bacillus subtilis4cfu/g, Bacillus licheniformis 1X 106cfu/g, Aspergillus niger 3X 104cfu/g, 3.2g/kg of sodium chloride, 3g/kg of potassium hydroxide, 3g/kg of sodium hydroxide, 0.5g/kg of astragalus polysaccharide and 2.5mg/kg of sodium selenite.
The preparation method of the special complete pellet feed for beef cattle comprises the following steps:
a: pulverizing main materials, mixing with compound vitamins, compound amino acids, medium and trace elements, sodium chloride, alkali, and radix astragali polysaccharide, stirring, sterilizing with 0.7Mpa steam, softening, adjusting quality at 85 deg.C for 18s, and granulating in granulator to obtain feed granule;
b: and cooling the feed particles in a counter-air cooler, feeding the cooled feed particles into a drum mixer, adding bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis and aspergillus niger, and uniformly stirring to obtain the feed.
Comparative example 1
Substantially the same as example 3, except that the starting materials were prepared without sodium selenite and astragalus polysaccharides; the distribution ratio of other components is unchanged.
Comparative example 2
Substantially the same as example 3, except that the preparation raw materials comprise sodium selenite and no astragalus polysaccharide, and the compound microbial agent does not comprise aspergillus niger; the distribution ratio of other components is unchanged.
Comparative example 3
Substantially the same as example 3, except that the raw materials for preparation comprise astragalus polysaccharides without sodium selenite, and the complex microbial inoculant does not comprise aspergillus niger; the distribution ratio of other components is unchanged.
Comparative example 4
Basically the same as example 3, except that the preparation raw materials do not contain sodium selenite and astragalus polysaccharide, and the compound microbial agent does not contain aspergillus niger; the distribution ratio of other components is unchanged.
Nutrition index detection experiment
1. Test materials
300 siemens-masta bulls with the weight of 400-600 jin from the developing professional cooperative society of the Xingyang Tengfeng cattle industry are selected for the test. Before the test, corresponding immunization programs are carried out, and the body condition is healthy and the spirit is good.
Experimental groups: feeding the feed prepared in the invention in the embodiment 1-5 and the comparative example 1-4;
control group: feeding beef cattle with conventional basic ration;
the conventional basic ration for beef cattle comprises concentrated feed: 52% of corn, 18% of bran, 23% of soybean meal, 1.5% of ginger powder and 5.5% of premix; coarse fodder: 55% of silage corn, 10% of vinasse and 35% of hay; the weight ratio of the concentrated feed to the coarse feed is 0.9: 1.
Each group of feed adopts a random sampling method, samples of 500g are selected and sent to the Guangxi Zhuang autonomous region analysis and test research center for detecting the nutrition indexes, and the detection results are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 complete feed pellet nutritional index Condition
As can be seen from Table 1, the nutritional indexes of the complete granulated feeds of examples 1 to 5 and comparative examples 1 to 4 of the invention are superior to those of the control group. Compared with comparative examples 2, 3 and 4 which lack Aspergillus niger, all indexes are reduced, but the difference is not large; the increase and decrease of the sodium selenite and the astragalus polysaccharide basically have no influence on the nutritional indexes.
2. Feeding management
Randomly dividing 300 beef cattle into 10 treatment groups, each treatment group having 3 repetitions, each repetition having 10 beef cattle; the method adopts a barn feeding and captive breeding mode, the beef cattle barn and the surrounding environment are cleaned and disinfected comprehensively before the test, the beef cattle barn is fed in and out completely, natural illumination, temperature and humidity are kept, free drinking water is used for feeding, and the beef cattle barn is cleaned and disinfected regularly.
Mixing and stirring the pellet feed and the forage uniformly and then feeding the mixture directly; wherein the addition amount of the pellet feed is 0.8-2.5% of the weight of the beef cattle, and the addition amount of the forage is 0.4-2.0% of the weight of the beef cattle, as shown in Table 2.
TABLE 2 beef cattle body weight and daily ration composition
3. Test method
And (3) measuring the weight of each beef cattle when entering a fence, regularly observing the health condition of the beef cattle during feeding, weighing every 15 days, recording the feed consumption, and carrying out calculation statistics on average daily gain, average daily feed consumption, weight increase ratio, clean beef, net meat rate, total fat weight and fat content. The calculation formula is as follows:
average daily gain (jin) is total gain (jin)/feeding days (d)/number of heads;
② average daily material consumption (jin) is total material consumption (jin)/feeding days (d)/number of heads;
and the weight gain ratio is the average daily gain (jin)/the average daily material consumption (jin).
At the end of the test, the jugular vein of the beef cattle after fasting and water deprivation is killed by bloodletting. Recording the live weight of the beef cattle before slaughtering, removing the head, hoof and viscera, weighing the carcass after peeling, and calculating the slaughter rate:
the weight of the meat is clean beef (jin) + fat (jin)
Fifthly, the net meat rate (%) < net meat weight/carcass weight x 100;
sixthly, the fat content (%) < weight of fat (jin)/weight of live cattle (jin) × 100;
7cm meat samples of the longissimus dorsi of each slaughtered beef cattle are sent to Guangxi analysis and test research center to measure the muscle fat content.
4. Test results
TABLE 3 feed nutritional index Condition
(1) As can be seen from the data of the examples 1 to 5 and the comparison group, the example 4 is the optimal example, and each index of the examples 1 to 5 is obviously improved compared with the comparison group; therefore, the complete pellet feed can produce beef products with high net meat rate and low fat content, because the crude protein is an important nutrient substance for forming beef cattle, the complete pellet feed improves the crude protein content in the daily ration of the beef cattle, can greatly improve the yield of the clean beef cattle by reducing the energy intake, and simultaneously achieves the effect of reducing the formation of the fat.
(2) In example 4 and comparative examples 1 to 3, compared with comparative example 4, all indexes are improved, and in 6 indexes of average daily gain of each beef cattle, average daily material consumption of each beef cattle, clean beef, net meat rate, fat weight and fat content, the synergistic effect of example 4 relative to comparative example 4 is higher than the sum of the synergistic effects of comparative examples 1 to 3 relative to comparative example 4 by more than 10%. This is due to:
aspergillus niger has the ability to biologically convert sodium selenite into selenium polysaccharide, so that selenium is bonded to Astragalus polysaccharides in the form of seleninic acid groups to obtain selenized Astragalus polysaccharides; the astragalus polysaccharide selenide converts toxic inorganic selenium into non-toxic organic selenium to form a five-membered ring selenite structure; the selenized astragalus polysaccharide has physiological and pharmacological effects of selenium and the astragalus polysaccharide, and the biological activity of the selenized astragalus polysaccharide is higher than that of unmodified astragalus polysaccharide, so that the selenized astragalus polysaccharide is more beneficial to the absorption and utilization of organisms; the sodium selenite has synergistic effect with vitamin A and vitamin E, and can prevent oxidation of vitamin A and vitamin E and enhance the effects of vitamin A and vitamin E. The aspergillus niger, the sodium selenite and the astragalus polysaccharide generate a synergistic effect, so that the daily gain and the beef cleaning of each average beef cattle are improved, and the total weight of the daily feed and the fat of each average beef cattle is reduced.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The special complete granulated feed for beef cattle, which can improve the net meat rate, comprises main materials and auxiliary materials, and is characterized in that: the main material comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30-50 parts of corn, 10-20 parts of soybean meal, 5-10 parts of wheat bran, 5-15 parts of cottonseed meal, 5-15 parts of rice bran, 3-7 parts of rapeseed meal and 3-7 parts of vinasse powder;
the auxiliary materials comprise compound vitamins, compound amino acids, medium and trace elements, compound microbial agents, sodium chloride, alkali, astragalus polysaccharide and sodium selenite;
the alkali content is 4-6 g/kg;
the content of the sodium chloride is 1-3.2 g/kg;
the content of the astragalus polysaccharide is 0.3-0.5 g/kg;
the addition amount of the sodium selenite is 0.7-2.5 mg/kg;
the compound amino acid comprises Aspergillus niger 3 × 104cfu/g。
2. The complete pellet feed special for beef cattle capable of improving the net meat rate as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the compound vitamin comprises 180-240 IU/kg of vitamin A, 334-100 IU/kg of vitamin D and 0.4mg/kg of vitamin E.
3. The complete pellet feed special for beef cattle capable of improving the net meat rate as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the compound amino acid comprises 20 percent of DL-methionine, 50 percent of L-lysine and 30 percent of L-arginine.
4. The complete pellet feed special for beef cattle capable of improving the net meat rate as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the medium trace elements comprise 1.2-7.5 mg/kg of iron, 0.1-0.75 mg/kg of copper, 1.1-3 mg/kg of zinc, 0.6-3.7 mg/kg of manganese, 0.012-0.08 mg/kg of iodine and 3-7 mg/kg of calcium.
5. The complete pellet feed special for beef cattle capable of improving the net meat rate as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the compound microbial agent also comprises bacillus subtilis 5 multiplied by 104cfu/g, Bacillus licheniformis 1X 106cfu/g。
6. The complete pellet feed special for beef cattle capable of improving the net meat rate as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the alkali is one or the mixture of two of sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide.
7. The complete pellet feed special for beef cattle, which can improve the net meat rate, according to any one of claims 1 to 5, is characterized in that the preparation method comprises the following steps:
a: crushing the main material, mixing with compound vitamins, compound amino acids, medium and trace elements, sodium chloride, alkali and astragalus polysaccharide, stirring uniformly, sterilizing by steam, softening, modifying, and granulating in a granulator to obtain feed granules;
b: and cooling the feed particles to 30-35 ℃, feeding the feed particles into a drum mixer, adding the compound microbial agent, uniformly stirring, and fermenting for 4-7 days to obtain the feed.
8. The method for preparing the complete granulated feed special for beef cattle according to claim 7, which is characterized in that: the steam pressure is 0.4-0.7 Mpa.
9. The method for preparing the complete granulated feed special for beef cattle according to claim 7, which is characterized in that: the quenching and tempering temperature is 75-85 ℃, and the modulation time is 15-25 s.
10. The complete pellet feed special for beef cattle, which can improve the net meat rate, according to any one of claims 1 to 5, is characterized in that the feeding method comprises the following steps: mixing and stirring the pellet feed and the forage uniformly and then feeding the mixture directly; wherein the addition amount of the pellet feed is 0.8-2.5% of the weight of the beef cattle, and the addition amount of the forage is 0.4-2% of the weight of the beef cattle.
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| CN111184134A (en) * | 2019-12-30 | 2020-05-22 | 凤冈县陈双畜牧养殖农民专业合作社 | Beef cattle feed and preparation method thereof |
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| CN108719612A (en) * | 2017-04-23 | 2018-11-02 | 威海金牌生物科技股份有限公司 | A kind of ox feed and the method for making ox feed |
| CN110810640A (en) * | 2018-08-14 | 2020-02-21 | 云南龙谷生物科技有限公司 | Beef cattle anti-stress compound premix |
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Application publication date: 20220208 |