CN114009234A

CN114009234A - Method for quickly grafting Gyroscope fruit seedlings

Info

Publication number: CN114009234A
Application number: CN202111462068.8A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 唐明; 徐莹; 朱恒; 裘利洪; 于宏; 于芬; 沈爱民; 国春策; 张文根
Original assignee: Shangrao Forestry Research Institute; Jiangxi Agricultural University
Current assignee: Shangrao Forestry Research Institute; Jiangxi Agricultural University
Priority date: 2021-12-02
Filing date: 2021-12-02
Publication date: 2022-02-08

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for quickly grafting Gyroscope seedlings, belongs to the technical field of plant grafting, and has no successful case report at present. The method for quickly grafting the Gyroscope fruit seedlings comprises the following steps: selecting strong and disease and pest-free Gyroscope fruit mother trees, cutting branches, selecting plump buds, and cutting to obtain sheet bud grafting scions; selecting 2-3 years old gyro fruits which are robust in growth and free of diseases and insect pests for growing seedlings from the stock, cutting off the gyro fruits at a position 10-15 cm away from the ground, and cutting off one gyro fruit below the section; the scion is attached to the section of the stock, bound tightly by a grafting film and finally watered. The grafting scheme provided by the invention solves the problems of low seed propagation efficiency, long growth period and long flowering and fruiting time of the Gyroscope, can shorten the seedling growing period of the Gyroscope, can flower and fruit in advance so as to put into production, is high in grafting survival rate, enables grafted seedlings to grow robustly, and has wide application value.

Description

Method for quickly grafting Gyroscope fruit seedlings

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of plant grafting, in particular to a method for quickly grafting Gyroscope fruit seedlings.

Background

The existing Gyroscope propagation technology mainly comprises seed propagation and cutting propagation, but the Gyroscope seeds are thick in skin, lignified and contain germination inhibitors, so that the Gyroscope is long in dormancy period and difficult to germinate. The seed coat of the gyroscopic fruit is difficult to remove and needs to be broken by a hammer, but the seed kernel can be damaged in the breaking process, so that the seed propagation is difficult to popularize in a large area. The cuttage propagation of the Gyroscope has been successful, but the cuttage seedlings obtained by the cuttage propagation are not as good as the strong root systems of the stocks grafted with the seedlings for supporting the branches, so the cuttage seedlings are fragile, and the growth speed of the cuttage seedlings is slow.

The existing grafting technology mainly uses grafting, cutting grafting, cleft grafting and T-shaped bud grafting, and is supplemented with plant growth regulators of different types and concentrations, so that the stock and the scion can heal and grow as soon as possible, but environmental factors in the grafting process have great influence, such as high-temperature water loss, mold pollution and the like. Therefore, the method has the advantages of simple grafting technology, easy operation, no need of plant growth regulator assistance, and great significance for the water retention of the grafted seedling and the good effect of isolating germs.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a method for quickly grafting the young seedlings of the Gyroscope fruit, which mainly solves the problems of low reproduction efficiency, long growth period and long flowering and fruiting time of the Gyroscope fruit seeds, and can quickly flower and fruit for expanding propagation application.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following scheme:

one of the purposes of the invention is to provide a method for quickly grafting Gyroscope seedlings, which comprises the following steps:

(1) scion selection and treatment: selecting strong and disease and pest-free Gyroscope fruit mother trees, and cutting branches for standby; selecting plump buds on the branches, and cutting nearby the buds to obtain sheet-shaped scions with buds (as shown in figure 2);

(2) selecting and treating rootstocks: selecting 2-3 years old Gyroscope fruits which are robust in growth and free of diseases and insect pests to grow seedlings from the stock, cutting the selected stock at a position 10-15 cm away from the ground by using a branch shear, flattening the cut by using a double-sided blade (as shown in figure 1), cutting one piece below the section (as shown in figure 3), and cutting other branches on the trunk close to the base;

(3) grafting: attaching the scion obtained in the step (1) to the cut surface of the stock obtained in the step (2) (as shown in figure 4), and tightly binding the scion with a grafting film, wherein only the bud part is exposed (as shown in figure 5);

(4) and (3) carrying out post-treatment: bagging the upper part of the stock and the scion (as shown in figure 6), watering immediately after bagging to provide enough water for the grafted seedling, and watering once a day in a week; and (3) taking down the sleeve bag after the bud at the grafting part survives (as shown in figure 7), watering once every two days, checking whether other lateral buds germinate at the position of the stock once every 3 days, and uniformly wiping off the lateral buds.

Further, in the step (1), the branches are cut at 5-6 am in the morning of the cloudy day in the late ten days of 2 months, branches with bud points on the periphery of the crown are cut by using high branch scissors, and the branches are inserted into river sand with the humidity of 60% after being picked.

Further, in the step (1), the cutting is performed in a manner that the cutting is performed in a downward inclined manner at a position 1cm above the buds by 2-3 cm, and the distance between a lower cutting opening and the buds is more than 1.5 cm.

Further, in the step (2), a piece of the lower part of the section is cut off by a blade with the length of 2-3 cm obliquely downwards at a position 2-3 cm below the section.

Further, in the step (3), the upper part of the section of the stock is 0.2-0.5 cm longer than the scion, so that the two calluses can be tightly combined conveniently.

Further, in the step (3), the grafting film is a long strip-shaped grafting film with a length of 20cm and a width of 2 cm.

Further, in the step (4), the bagging treatment is to use a sterile plastic bag to cover and seal the bag, so as to reduce the loss of moisture.

The invention discloses the following technical effects:

the grafting scheme of the invention can shorten the seedling growing period of the gyroscope fruit, and the gyroscope fruit blooms and fruits in advance so as to be put into production. In the grafting process, the proper weather selection can reduce the water loss speed of the plant wound in the test process, the use of the sealing bag can effectively prevent the water loss of the grafting wound, and the grafting wound is isolated from pathogenic bacteria in the air and insects attracted by plant juice, so that the probability of plant diseases and insect pests of the grafted seedling is reduced, and the grafting survival rate is improved; and in the grafting process, the method of leaving some upper edge stock wounds when the scion is stuck to the stock wounds can enable the callus growth of the scion and the stock to be more compact, so that the grafting survival rate is improved, and the grafted seedling grows more robustly.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings without creative efforts.

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a rootstock with a double-sided blade to flatten the cut;

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a budded scion cut from a shoot;

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a part of the stock to be grafted after being cut;

FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the close fit between the stock and the scion wound;

FIG. 5 is a schematic view of binding the scion and the fitted part of the rootstock;

FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a bagging process of grafted seedlings;

FIG. 7 is a schematic view showing the removal of the cap after the growth of the sprouts.

Detailed Description

Reference will now be made in detail to various exemplary embodiments of the invention, the detailed description should not be construed as limiting the invention but as a more detailed description of certain aspects, features and embodiments of the invention.

It is to be understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. Further, for numerical ranges in this disclosure, it is understood that each intervening value, between the upper and lower limit of that range, is also specifically disclosed. Every smaller range between any stated value or intervening value in a stated range and any other stated or intervening value in a stated range is encompassed within the invention. The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges may independently be included or excluded in the range.

Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. Although only preferred methods and materials are described herein, any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein can be used in the practice or testing of the present invention. All documents mentioned in this specification are incorporated by reference herein for the purpose of disclosing and describing the methods and/or materials associated with the documents. In case of conflict with any incorporated document, the present specification will control.

It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made in the specific embodiments of the present disclosure without departing from the scope or spirit of the disclosure. Other embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art from consideration of the specification. The description and examples are intended to be illustrative only.

As used herein, the terms "comprising," "including," "having," "containing," and the like are open-ended terms that mean including, but not limited to.

Example 1

(1) Scion selection and treatment: selecting strong and disease and insect pest-free Gyroscope fruit tree, cutting branches with bud points on the periphery of a crown by using a high branch shear at 5 o' clock in the morning of the cloudy day in the late 2 th ten-day, and inserting the branches into river sand with the humidity of 60% after the branches are picked; selecting plump buds on the branches, obliquely cutting down at a position 1cm above the buds for 2cm, and cutting the lower openings of the buds for 2cm away from the buds to obtain sheet bud grafting scions;

(2) selecting and treating rootstocks: selecting strong 2-year-old gyroscopic fruit seedlings which are free from diseases and insect pests from the stock, cutting the selected stock at a position 10cm away from the ground, flattening the cut, obliquely cutting a 2 cm-long block downwards at a position 2cm below the section by using a blade, and cutting other branches on the trunk close to the base;

(3) grafting: attaching the scion obtained in the step (1) to the cut surface of the stock obtained in the step (2), wherein the upper part of the cut surface of the stock is 0.5cm longer than the scion, and binding the scion by using a long-strip grafting film with the length of 20cm and the width of 2cm, and only exposing the bud part;

(4) and (3) carrying out post-treatment: the upper part of the stock and the scion are sleeved and sealed by sterile plastic bags, and the water is watered once a day within a week after the bags are sleeved; and (4) taking off the sleeve bag after the bud at the grafting part survives, watering once every two days, checking whether other lateral buds germinate at the position of the stock once every 3 days, and uniformly wiping off the lateral buds.

Example 2

(1) Scion selection and treatment: selecting strong and disease and insect pest-free Gyroscope fruit tree, cutting branches with bud points on the periphery of a crown by using a high branch shear at 5 o' clock in the morning of the cloudy day in the late 2 th ten-day, and inserting the branches into river sand with the humidity of 60% after the branches are picked; selecting plump buds on the branches, obliquely cutting downwards at a position 1cm above the buds for 3cm, and cutting the lower cut at a distance of 2cm from the buds to obtain sheet bud grafting scions;

(2) selecting and treating rootstocks: selecting 3-year-old gyroscopic fruit seedlings which are strong in growth and free of diseases and insect pests from the stock, cutting off the selected stock at a position 15cm away from the ground, flattening a cut, obliquely cutting off a block with the length of 3cm downwards at a position 3cm below the section by using a blade, and cutting off other branches on the trunk by clinging to the base;

(3) grafting: attaching the scion obtained in the step (1) to the cut surface of the stock obtained in the step (2), wherein the upper part of the cut surface of the stock is 0.2cm longer than the scion, and binding the scion by using a long-strip grafting film with the length of 20cm and the width of 2cm, and only exposing the bud part;

Example 3

(1) Scion selection and treatment: selecting strong and disease and insect pest-free Gyroscope fruit tree, cutting branches with bud points on the periphery of a crown by using a high branch shear at 5 o' clock in the morning of the cloudy day in the late 2 th ten-day, and inserting the branches into river sand with the humidity of 60% after the branches are picked; selecting plump buds on the branches, obliquely cutting down at a position 1cm above the buds by 2.5cm, and cutting down at a position 2cm away from the buds to obtain sheet-shaped bud scions;

(2) selecting and treating rootstocks: selecting strong 2-year-old gyroscopic fruit seedlings without diseases and insect pests from the stock, cutting the selected stock at a position 12cm away from the ground, flattening the cut, obliquely cutting a 2.5 cm-long block downwards at a position 2.5cm below the cross section by using a blade, and cutting other branches on the trunk close to the base;

Comparative example 1

The difference from example 1 is that the seedlings of Gyroscope fruit grow naturally without grafting.

Comparative example 2

The difference from example 1 is that bagging treatment was not performed.

Comparative example 3

The difference from example 1 is that the upper edge of the cut surface of the stock is tightly combined with the scion.

50 grafted seedlings are respectively treated in examples 1 to 3 and comparative examples 1 to 3, the survival rate, the water retention rate and the germ isolation effect of the grafted seedlings are recorded, and specific results are shown in table 1.

TABLE 1

As can be seen from table 1, in the case of no treatment with the plant growth regulator, by using the grafting technique of the present invention (example 3), the survival rate of the grafted seedlings after 1 month can reach 65%, the survival rate after 3 months can reach 40%, and after continuing to 7 months, the whole number of the grafted seedlings that survived at 3 months can remain alive, and new shoots germinate in the last ten months of 9 months; as can be seen from Table 1, by adopting the grafting technology of the invention, the water retention rate of the grafted seedling is high, the dry-fresh weight ratio at the interface is averagely 0.384, and the dry-fresh weight ratio at the interface under the condition of not bagging is 0.433; as can be seen from Table 1, by adopting the grafting technology of the present invention, the incidence of diseases at the grafted seedling interface is 0, and compared with the incidence of diseases of 15% of the grafted seedlings without bagging treatment, the present invention has significant germ isolation effect.

The above-described embodiments are merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and do not limit the scope of the present invention, and various modifications and improvements of the technical solutions of the present invention can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and the technical solutions of the present invention are within the scope of the present invention defined by the claims.

Claims

1. A method for quickly grafting Gyroscope seedlings is characterized by comprising the following steps:

(1) scion selection and treatment: selecting strong and disease and pest-free Gyroscope fruit mother trees, and cutting branches for standby; selecting plump buds on the branches, and cutting nearby the buds to obtain sheet-shaped grafting ears with buds;

(2) selecting and treating rootstocks: selecting 2-3 years old Gyroscope fruits which are robust in growth and free of diseases and insect pests for growing seedlings from the stock, cutting off the selected stock at a position 10-15 cm away from the ground, flattening the cut, cutting off one block below the section, and cutting off other branches on the trunk close to the base;

(3) grafting: attaching the scion obtained in the step (1) to the section of the stock obtained in the step (2), binding the scion with a grafting film, and only exposing a bud part;

(4) and (3) carrying out post-treatment: bagging the upper part of the stock and the scion, and watering once a day within a week after bagging; and (4) taking down the sleeve bag after the bud at the grafting part survives, watering once every two days, checking whether other side buds germinate at the position of the stock once every 3 days, and wiping off the germinated side buds.

2. The method for quickly grafting the Gyroscope seedlings from the top of the fruit according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the cut branches are branches with bud points on the periphery of the crown cut by a tree pruner at 5-6 pm in the shade of 2 late ten days, and the branches are inserted into river sand with the humidity of 60% after being harvested.

3. The method for quickly grafting Gyroscope fruit seedlings according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the cutting is performed in a manner that the cutting is 1cm above the bud.

4. The method for quickly grafting Gyroscope seedlings onto Gyroscope seedlings according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the cut-off part below the cross section is a part which is cut off 2-3 cm below the cross section and is obliquely cut off by a blade, and the cut-off part is a part which is cut off 2-3 cm below the cross section.

5. The method for fast grafting Gyroscope fruit seedlings according to claim 1, wherein in the step (3), the upper part of the tangent plane of the rootstock is 0.2-0.5 cm longer than the scion.

6. The method for fast grafting gyroscopic fruit seedlings according to claim 1, wherein in the step (3), the grafting film is a long strip-shaped grafting film with the length of 20cm and the width of 2 cm.

7. The method for fast grafting of Gyroscope seedlings according to claim 1, wherein in the step (4), the bagging treatment is performed by bagging with a sterile plastic bag and sealing.