CN114008031A - 喹诺酮羧酸衍生物 - Google Patents
喹诺酮羧酸衍生物 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN114008031A CN114008031A CN202080045651.6A CN202080045651A CN114008031A CN 114008031 A CN114008031 A CN 114008031A CN 202080045651 A CN202080045651 A CN 202080045651A CN 114008031 A CN114008031 A CN 114008031A
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- China
- Prior art keywords
- compound
- pharmaceutically acceptable
- hydrogen
- alkyl
- halogen
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 103
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- 239000000651 prodrug Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 229940002612 prodrug Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 239000012453 solvate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000008194 pharmaceutical composition Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 208000015181 infectious disease Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- -1 chloro, methyl Chemical group 0.000 claims description 37
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 37
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 claims description 37
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- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 33
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- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000001559 cyclopropyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C1([H])* 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003937 drug carrier Substances 0.000 claims description 6
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- 125000000956 methoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])O* 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 4
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- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 17
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-MZCSYVLQSA-N Deuterated methanol Chemical compound [2H]OC([2H])([2H])[2H] OKKJLVBELUTLKV-MZCSYVLQSA-N 0.000 description 30
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- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 3
- XGIHQYAWBCFNPY-AZOCGYLKSA-N hydrabamine Chemical compound C([C@@H]12)CC3=CC(C(C)C)=CC=C3[C@@]2(C)CCC[C@@]1(C)CNCCNC[C@@]1(C)[C@@H]2CCC3=CC(C(C)C)=CC=C3[C@@]2(C)CCC1 XGIHQYAWBCFNPY-AZOCGYLKSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 3
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- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
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- FYSNRJHAOHDILO-UHFFFAOYSA-N thionyl chloride Substances ClS(Cl)=O FYSNRJHAOHDILO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- LXJOYRVJPWDJBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2-acetamido-3-hydroxyphenyl)arsonic acid Chemical compound OC=1C(=C(C=CC1)[As](O)(O)=O)NC(C)=O LXJOYRVJPWDJBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DQXKOHDUMJLXKH-PHEQNACWSA-N (e)-n-[2-[2-[[(e)-oct-2-enoyl]amino]ethyldisulfanyl]ethyl]oct-2-enamide Chemical compound CCCCC\C=C\C(=O)NCCSSCCNC(=O)\C=C\CCCCC DQXKOHDUMJLXKH-PHEQNACWSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- IWQRJKGYECVOAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-hexoxycarbonylbenzoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC(C(O)=O)=C1 IWQRJKGYECVOAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D401/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom
- C07D401/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings
- C07D401/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings directly linked by a ring-member-to-ring-member bond
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
- A61K31/47—Quinolines; Isoquinolines
- A61K31/4709—Non-condensed quinolines and containing further heterocyclic rings
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
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Abstract
一种如下所示的式(I)化合物、其药学上可接受的盐、立体异构物、溶剂合物或前药：
其中，R1、R2、R3、R5、R6及R7的定义如说明书中所述。并进一步公开使用上述化合物、其盐、立体异构物、溶剂合物或前药来治疗微生物感染的方法，以及包含其的药物组合物。
Description
技术领域
本发明公开涉及非氟喹诺酮羧酸衍生物、其药物组合物及其在治疗微生物感染中的用途。
背景技术
感染性疾病一直是人类存在以来的主要死亡原因之一，微生物感染严重威胁着人类的生命。虽然已经有抗生素被开发出来对抗微生物感染，然而，在过去的几十年中，与抗生素抗药性有关的感染已成为医学领域的主要挑战。
喹诺酮类是众所周知的抗微生物剂，其已经在市面上存在超过30年。喹诺酮类药物包括传统的氟喹诺酮类药物(例如吉米沙星、加替沙星、莫西沙星和左氧氟沙星)和非氟喹诺酮类药物。非氟喹诺酮类药物(例如奈诺沙星)与氟喹诺酮类药物的不同之处在于，非氟喹诺酮类药物在C6部位缺少氟。参见，例如，Ledoussal Benoit等人所公开的WO9914214。喹诺酮类药物的作用方式是通过抑制细菌DNA旋转酶(DNA gyrase)。喹诺酮类药物已被证明在临床上非常有效，但是这些现有药物的大规模使用危及了它们未来的长期实用性。随着对上市抗生素的耐药性不断提高，新的抗生素开发有望帮助解决这一重要且尚未满足的医疗需求。
发明内容
本公开涉及一种非氟喹诺酮羧酸衍生物，这些衍生物显示出优异的活性及出乎意料的有利特性。
本文提供以下式(I)的化合物、其药学上可接受的盐、立体异构体、溶剂合物或前药：
式中，R1是氢；R2是被1至3个卤素所取代的环丙基；R3是氢、卤素、C1-3烷基或C1-3烷氧基，其中，C1-3烷基或C1-3烷氧基可各自任选地被1至3个卤素所取代；R5、R6和R7中的每一个独立地是氢、卤素、C1-3烷基或NH2，其中，C1-3烷基可任选地被1至3个卤素所取代，条件是R5、R6和R7中只有一个是NH2。
本公开还提供了药物组合物，其包含本文公开的化合物，例如式(I)的化合物，包括其立体异构体、其对映异构体、其药学上可接受的盐、溶剂合物或其前药，和一个或多个药学上可接受的载体或赋形剂。该药物组合物可用于治疗微生物感染或与病原性微生物有关的疾病。
本公开还提供了一种治疗、预防或改善个体微生物感染或病原性微生物介导的病症、疾病或一个或多个症状的方法，包括向个体施用治疗有效量的本文公开的化合物，例如式(I)的化合物，包括其立体异构体、其对映异构体、其药学上可接受的盐、溶剂合物或其前药。在相关的实施例中，该方法可以进一步包括给予本文公开的化合物(例如式(I)的化合物，包括其立体异构体、其对映异构体、其药学上可接受的盐、溶剂合物或其前药)以及与一个或多个其他治疗剂的组合，其中，本文公开的化合物和一个或多个其他治疗剂的组合可以以单一制剂的形式一起施用，或以不同的制剂形式分别施用，此外，本文公开的化合物和其他治疗剂可以是同时或依次进行给药的。
本公开另外提供了制备本文公开的化合物(例如式(I)的化合物，包括其立体异构体、其对映异构体、其药学上可接受的盐、溶剂合物或其前药)的方法。
具体实施方式
为便于理解本文所阐述的发明内容，下文定义多个术语。
一般而言，本文所用的命名法及本文所描述的有机化学、药物化学及药理学中的实验室程序为熟知且常用于此项技术中的命名法及实验室程序。除非另外定义，否则本文所用的所有技术及科学术语一般具有与本发明所属领域的普通技术人员通常所理解相同的含义。
术语“约”将被本领域的普通技术人员理解，并且将在使用它的上下文中有所变化。如本文所使用，当涉及诸如量、期间等可测量的数值时，术语“约”意在包括±20％或±10％的变化，包括±5％、±1％或相对于既定值的±0.1％范围，这样的变化适合于所公开的方法。
术语“治疗”是指包括缓解或消除病症、疾病或与该病症、疾病或病状相关联的一个或多个症状；或缓解或根除该病症、疾病或症状本身的起因。
术语“预防”是指包括一种实现以下目的的方法：推迟和/或排除病症、疾病或病状和/或其伴随症状的发作；防止个体罹患病症、疾病或病状；或降低个体罹患病症、疾病或病状的风险。
术语“患者”、“个体”或“受试者”是指人类或非人类的哺乳动物。在一个实施例中，患者、个体或受试者为人类。
术语“治疗有效量”是指包括在投与时足以防止所治疗的病症、疾病或病状的一或多种症状的发展或在一定程度上减轻该一或多种症状的活性化合物的量。
术语“药学上可接受的载体”或“药学上可接受的赋形剂”系指药学上可接受的材料、组合物或媒剂，诸如液体或固体填充剂、稀释剂、溶剂或包封材料，其不会消除活性化合物的生物活性或特性，并且是相对无毒的，亦即，可以将该材料施用于个体而不会引起不良的生物学效应或以有害的方式与组合物中的任何组分相互作用。参见Remington:TheScience and Practice of Pharmacy，第21版；Lippincott Williams&Wilkins:Philadelphia,PA,2005；Handbook of Pharmaceutical Excipients，第6版；Rowe等人编；The Pharmaceutical Press and the American Pharmaceutical Association:2009；Handbook of Pharmaceutical Additives，第3版，Ash及Ash编；Gower PublishingCompany:2007；Pharmaceutical Preformulation and Formulation，第2版，Gibson编；CRCPress LLC:Boca Raton,FL,2009。
术语“一个或多个(一种或多种)”是指一个或大于一的个数(例如2、3、4、5、6或7)。
术语“卤素”或“卤代”(可单独或作为其他取代基的一部分)是指氟、氯、溴或碘原子。
术语“C1-3烷基”(可单独或作为其他取代基的一部分)是指含有1至3个碳原子的具支链或直链单价饱和脂肪族烃基团。C1-3烷基的实例包含甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基及诸如此类基团。
术语“C1-3烷氧基”(可单独或作为其他取代基的一部分)是指基团-OR’，其中R’是C1-3烷基，C1-3烷氧基的实例包含甲氧基、乙氧基、丙氧基及异丙氧基。
术语“羟基保护基”是指防止OH官能团用于进一步反应并且可以在受控条件下被除去的化学基团。羟基保护基是本领域众所周知的，代表性的保护基包括但不限于烯丙基、甲氧基甲基(MOM)、2-甲氧基乙氧基甲基(MEM)、甲硫基甲基(MTM)、芐氧基甲基(BOM)、2-(三甲基甲硅烷基)乙氧基甲基(SEM)、四氢吡喃基(THP)、2,4-二硝基芐基、二苯甲基(DPM)、三苯甲基(Tr)、对甲氧基苯基二苯甲基(MMTr)、芐基(Bn)、萘基(NAP)、对甲氧基芐基(PMB)、对硝基芐基、甲酰基、酰基(Ac)、氯酰基、甲氧酰基、新戊酰基(Piv)、苯甲酰基(Bz)、对硝基苯甲酰基、对甲氧基苯甲酰基、对溴苯甲酰基、对苯苯甲酰基、三甲基甲硅烷基(TMS)、三甲基甲硅烷基(TES)、异丙基二甲基甲硅烷基(IPDMS)、三异丙基甲硅烷基(TIPS)、叔丁基二甲基甲硅烷基(TBS)、叔丁基二苯基甲硅烷基(TBDPS)、甲基二苯基甲硅烷基、己基二甲基甲硅烷基(TDS)、碳酸甲酯、碳酸乙酯、2,2,2-三氯乙基碳酸酯(Troc)、烯丙基碳酸酯(Alloc)、9-芴甲基碳酸酯(Fmoc)、芐基碳酸酯(Cbz)、碳酸叔丁酯(Boc)、硫酸酯(sulfate)、烯丙基磺酸酯(allylsulfonate)、甲磺酸酯(methanesulfonate)、芐基磺酸酯(benzylsulfonate)、甲苯磺酸酯(tosylate)及诸如此类的保护基。
术语“溶剂合物”是指活性化合物和药学上可接受的溶剂所形成的络合物。药学上可接受的溶剂的实例包括但不限于水、乙醇、异丙醇、乙酸乙酯、乙酸和乙醇胺。
本文的公开内容涉及式(I)的化合物、药学上可接受的盐、立体异构体、溶剂合物或其前药：
其中，R1是氢；
R2是被1至3个卤素所取代的环丙基；
R3是氢、卤素、C1-3烷基或C1-3烷氧基，其中，C1-3烷基或C1-3烷氧基可各自任选地被1至3个卤素所取代；
R5、R6和R7中的每一个独立地是氢、卤素、C1-3烷基或NH2，其中，C1-3烷基可任选地被1至3个卤素所取代，条件是R5、R6和R7中只有一个是NH2。
在另一个实施例中，本文涉及式(II)的化合物、药学上可接受的盐、立体异构体、溶剂合物或其前药：
其中，R1是氢；
R2是被1至3个卤素所取代的环丙基；
R3是氢、卤素、C1-3烷基或C1-3烷氧基，其中，C1-3烷基或C1-3烷氧基可各自任选地被1至3个卤素所取代；
R5、R6和R7中的每一个独立地是氢、卤素、C1-3烷基或NH2，其中，C1-3烷基可任选地被1至3个卤素所取代，条件是R5、R6和R7中只有一个是NH2。
在另一个实施例中，本文还涉及式(III)的化合物、药学上可接受的盐、立体异构体、溶剂合物或其前药：
其中，R3是氢、卤素、C1-3烷基或C1-3烷氧基，其中，C1-3烷基或C1-3烷氧基可各自任选地被1至3个卤素所取代；
R5、R6和R7中的每一个独立地是氢、卤素、C1-3烷基或NH2，其中，C1-3烷基可任选地被1至3个卤素所取代，条件是R5、R6和R7中只有一个是NH2。
以下的实施例包括在式(I)、(II)及/或(III)化合物的定义内。
在一实施例中，R2是被1个卤素所取代的环丙基；在另一实施例中，R2是被1个氟所取代的环丙基。
在一实施例中，R3是卤素、C1-3烷基或C1-3烷氧基；在另一实施例中，R3是氯、甲基或甲氧基。
在一实施例中，R5是氢、卤素、可被1至3个卤素所取代的C1-3烷基或是NH2；在另一实施例中，R5是氢、氟、C1-3烷基或NH2；在另一实施例中，R5是氢或NH2；在其他实施例中，R5是氢；在其他实施例中，R5是NH2。
在一实施例中，R6是氢、卤素、可被1至3个卤素所取代的C1-3烷基或是NH2；在另一实施例中，R6是氢、氟、可被1至3个卤素所取代的C1-3烷基或NH2；在另一实施例中，R6是NH2；在其他实施例中，R6是氢、氟、可被1至3个卤素所取代的C1-3烷基。
在一实施例中，R7是氢、卤素或可被1至3个卤素所取代的C1-3烷基；在另一实施例中，R7是氢、卤素或C1-3烷基；在另一实施例中，R7是氢、氟或甲基。
在一实施例中，本文所公开的化合物选自下组：
本公开的化合物是针对广泛的病原微生物的有效抗微生物剂，其具有出乎意料的抗微生物活性和对微生物耐药性的敏感性小的特性。
除非指定特定立体化学，否则本文所提供的化合物意欲涵盖所有可能的立体异构体。当本文所提供的化合物含有烯基或亚烯基时，化合物可以一种几何顺式/反式(或Z/E)异构体形式存在或以其混合物形式存在。当结构异构体可经由低能量障壁相互转化时，化合物可以单一互变异构体形式或互变异构体的混合物形式存在。此在含有例如亚胺基、酮基或肟基的化合物中可呈质子互变异构形式；或在含有芳族部分的化合物中呈所谓的价互变异构形式。由此得出结论：单一化合物可呈现一种以上类型的异构现象。
本文所提供的化合物可为对映异构纯的，诸如单一对映异构体或单一非对映异构体或立体异构混合物，诸如对映异构体混合物、外消旋混合物或非对映异构体混合物。因而，本领域普通技术人员应认识到对于经历活体内差向异构化反应的化合物而言，给药呈(R)形式的化合物与给药呈(S)形式的化合物等效。制备/分离个别对映异构体的常规技术包括自适合光学纯前驱体合成、自手性起始物质不对称合成或拆分对映异构体混合物，例如手性色谱、再结晶、拆分、非对映异构盐形成或在衍生成非对映异构加合物后分离。
当本文提供的化合物包含酸性或碱性部分时，它也可以作为药学上可接受的盐提供。药学上可接受的盐通常由药学上可接受的无毒碱或酸(包括无机或有机碱以及无机或有机酸)制备。适用于制备药学上可接受的盐的酸包括但不限于乙酸盐、抗坏血酸盐、己二酸盐、海藻酸盐、天冬氨酸盐、苯磺酸盐、苯甲酸盐、碳酸氢盐、硫酸氢盐、酒石酸氢盐、硼酸盐、溴化物、丁酸盐、樟脑酸盐、樟脑磺酸盐、右旋樟脑磺酸盐、碳酸盐、氯化物、克拉维酸盐(clavulanate)、柠檬酸盐、环戊烷丙酸盐、二乙基乙酸、二葡萄糖酸盐、二盐酸盐、十二烷基磺酸盐、依地酸盐、乙二磺酸盐、依托酸盐(estolate)、乙磺酸盐、乙烷磺酸盐、甲酸盐、富马酸盐、葡庚糖酸盐、葡庚酸盐、葡萄糖酸盐、谷氨酸盐、甘油磷酸盐、对羟乙酰胺基苯胂酸盐(glycollylarsanilate)、半硫酸盐、庚酸盐、己酸盐、己基间苯二酚盐、哈胺(hydrabamine)、氢溴酸盐、盐酸盐、2-羟基乙烷磺酸盐、羟基萘甲酸盐、碘化物、异烟碱酸盐、羟乙磺酸盐、乳酸盐、乳糖酸盐、月桂酸盐、苹果酸盐、马来酸盐、扁桃酸盐、甲磺酸盐、甲基溴化物、甲基硝酸盐、甲基硫酸盐、甲烷磺酸盐、黏酸盐、2-萘磺酸盐、萘磺酸盐、烟碱酸盐、硝酸盐、N-甲基葡萄糖胺铵盐、油酸盐、草酸盐、双羟萘酸盐(恩波酸盐(embonate))、棕榈酸盐、泛酸盐、果冻酸盐、过硫酸盐、磷酸盐/磷酸氢盐、庚二酸盐、苯基丙酸盐、聚半乳糖醛酸盐、丙酸盐、柳酸盐、硬脂酸盐、硫酸盐、次乙酸盐、琥珀酸盐、鞣酸盐、酒石酸盐、茶氯酸盐、硫氰酸盐、甲苯磺酸盐(tosylate)、三乙碘化物、三氟乙酸盐、十一酸盐、戊酸盐及诸如此类。适用于制备药学上可接受的盐的碱包括但不限于氢氧化镁、氢氧化钙、氢氧化钾、氢氧化锌或氢氧化钠；及有机碱，诸如第一、第二、第三及四级、脂族及芳族胺，包括L-精氨酸、苄苯乙胺(benethamine)、苄乙二胺(benzathine)、胆碱、二甲胺乙醇、二乙醇胺、二乙胺、二甲胺、二丙胺、二异丙基胺、2-(二乙胺基)-乙醇、乙醇胺、乙胺、乙二胺、异丙胺、N-甲基-葡糖胺、哈胺(hydrabamine)、1H-咪唑、L-赖氨酸、吗啉、4-(2-羟乙基)-吗啉、甲胺、哌啶、哌嗪、丙胺、吡咯烷、1-(2-羟乙基)-吡咯烷、吡啶、奎宁环(quinuclidine)、喹啉、异喹啉、二级胺、三乙醇胺、三甲胺、三乙胺、N-甲基-D-葡糖胺、2-胺基-2-(羟甲基)-1,3-丙二醇、胺丁三醇及诸如此类。
本文所提供的化合物也可以前药形式提供，其为例如式(I)的化合物的官能性衍生物，且可易于活体内转化成母体化合物。前药通常适用，因为在一些情况下，其可能比母体化合物更容易给药。其可例如通过口服可能具有生物可利用性，而母体化合物不能。前药也可在药物组合物中相较于母体化合物具有增强的溶解度。前药可经由各种机制转化成母药，包括酶促方法及代谢水解。
本公开提供了药物组合物，其包含本公开所提供的化合物，例如式(I)化合物(包括其立体异构体或非对映异构体、或其药学上可接受的盐、溶剂合物或前药)作为活性成分，以及至少一个药学上可接受的载体或赋形剂。
适合的载剂或赋形剂为本领域技术人员所熟知的，且适合的赋形剂的非限制性实例提供于本文中。特定赋形剂是否适合于并入药物组合物或剂型中视本领域中熟知的多种因素而定，包括(但不限于)给药方法。载体或赋形剂可包括黏合剂、填充剂、稀释剂、崩解剂、pH调节剂、湿润剂、润滑剂、滑动剂、着色剂、染料迁移抑制剂(dye-migrationinhibitors)、甜味剂、调味剂、乳化剂、悬浮和分散剂、防腐剂、溶剂、非水性液体、有机酸和二氧化碳来源及诸如此类。载体或赋形剂的实例包括但不限于水、乳糖、右旋糖、果糖、蔗糖、山梨糖醇、甘露醇、聚乙二醇、丙二醇、淀粉、树脂、明胶、海藻酸盐、硅酸钙、磷酸钙、纤维素、水性糖浆、甲基纤维素、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、对羟基苯甲酸山梨酯烷基酯、滑石粉、硬脂酸镁、硬脂酸、甘油、各种油，例如芝麻油、橄榄油和大豆油，及诸如此类。
本公开的药物组合物包含本公开的化合物(例如，包括其立体异构体或非对映异构体的式(I)化合物、或其药学上可接受的盐、溶剂合物或前药)，以及一个或多个药学上可接受的载体或赋形剂，和任选的其他治疗成分或佐剂。该药物组合物包括适合于经口、直肠、局部和肠胃外(包括皮下、肌肉内和静脉内)给药的组合物。这些剂型可以根据本领域技术人员已知的常规方法和技术来制备。
本公开所提供的药物组合物可以单位剂型或多重剂型提供。如本公开所用的单位剂型是指以物理方式分散适合于向人类及动物个体给药的单元，且按照本领域已知的那样单独封装。各单位剂量含有预定量的活性成分，其与所需药物载剂或赋形剂结合足以产生所要的治疗效应。单位剂型的实例包括安瓿、注射器及单独封装的片剂(tablet)及胶囊。举例而言，100mg单位剂量在封装的片剂或胶囊中含有约100mg活性成分。单位剂型可以其部分或倍数给药。多重剂型为多个封装于单一容器中的待以分离的单位剂型形式给药的相同单位剂型。多重剂型的实例包括小瓶、片剂或胶囊瓶，或品脱、加仑瓶。
本公开所提供的药物组合物可一次性或以时间间隔多次给药。应理解，精确剂量及治疗持续时间可随所治疗的患者的年龄、体重及条件而变化，且可使用已知测试协议凭经验确定或藉由自活体内或活体外测试或诊断资料外推来确定。此外，应理解，对于任何特定个体，应根据个体需要及管理调配物或监督调配物给药的个人的专业判断随时间推移而调整具体剂量方案。
本公开所提供的用于口服给药的药物组合物可以用于口服给药的固体、半固体或液体剂型提供。如本公开所用，口服给药也包括颊内、经舌及舌下给药。适合的口服剂型包括但不限于片剂、速溶剂、咀嚼片、胶囊、丸剂、带状物、糖衣锭(troches)、口含锭(lozenges)、片剂(pastilles)、扁囊剂、丸粒、药用口嚼片、块状粉末、发泡或非发泡粉末或颗粒、口服喷雾、溶液、乳液、悬浮液、粉片、撒剂、酏剂、糖浆剂、脂质体、胶束、微球体、纳米系统、缓释剂及诸如此类。
本公开所提供的药物组合物可经由注射、灌注或植入而非经肠(肠胃外)给药，以用于局部或全身给药。如本公开所用，非经肠给药包括静脉内、动脉内、腹膜内、鞘内、心室内、尿道内、胸骨内、颅内、肌内、滑膜内、膀胱内及皮下给药。本公开提供的用于肠胃外给药的药物组合物可以配制成适合于肠胃外给药的任何剂型，包括溶液、悬浮液、乳液、胶束、脂质体、微球体、纳米系统和适合于注射前在液体中的溶液或悬浮液的固体形式。这样的剂型可以根据本领域技术人员已知的常规方法和技术来制备。
本公开所提供的药物组合物可向皮肤、孔口或黏膜局部给药。如本公开所用，局部给药包括经皮(皮内)、经结膜、角膜内、眼内、经眼、经耳、透皮、经鼻、经阴道、经尿道、经呼吸道及经直肠给药。本公开所提供的药物组合物可以适合于局部给药的任何剂型调配以获得局部或全身作用，包括乳液、溶液、悬浮液、乳膏、凝胶、水凝胶、软膏、敷粉、敷料、酏剂、洗剂、悬浮液、酊剂、糊剂、发泡体、膜、气雾剂、冲洗剂、喷雾剂、栓剂、绷带及经皮贴片。本公开所提供的药物组合物的局部调配物也可包含脂质体、胶束、微球体、纳米系统及其混合物。
本公开还提供所公开的化合物，例如式(I)的化合物(包括立体异构体或其对映异构体、或其药学上可接受的盐、溶剂合物或前药)与一种或多种其他治疗剂(包括但不限于第二种不同的抗微生物剂)的组合。在一个实施例中，本公开的化合物与一种或多种另外的治疗剂组合还可以同时、分开或依序施用。
本公开还提供了试剂盒(Kit)，其包含本公开所提供的化合物，例如式(I)的化合物(包括立体异构体或其对映异构体、或其药学上可接受的盐、溶剂合物或前药)，及/或不同剂型的其他活性成分。试剂盒可进一步包含使用说明书，例如用于治疗微生物感染的说明书。使用说明通常是书面说明，但是包含说明的电子存储介质(例如磁盘或光盘)也是可以接受的。
本文还提供了一种治疗、预防或改善个体微生物感染或病原性微生物介导的病症、疾病或一个或多个症状的方法，包括向个体施用治疗有效量的本文公开的化合物，例如式(I)的化合物，包括其立体异构体、其对映异构体、其药学上可接受的盐、溶剂合物或其前药。这种微生物感染或病源性微生物介导的疾病的一个或多个症状包括(例如)中枢神经系统感染、外耳感染、中耳感染(例如急性中耳炎)、颅窦感染、眼部感染、口腔感染(例如牙齿、牙龈和粘膜感染)、上呼吸道感染、下呼吸道感染(包括肺炎)、泌尿生殖系统感染、胃肠道感染、妇科感染、败血病、败血症、腹膜炎、骨和关节感染、皮肤和皮肤结构的感染、细菌性心内膜炎、烧伤、手术的抗菌预防、术后患者或免疫抑制患者的抗菌预防(例如接受癌症化疗的患者或器官移植患者)。
以下说明合成本公开示例化合物的方法。除非另有说明，否则所有试剂和溶剂均购自商业来源并且无需进一步纯化即可使用。所有反应均在干燥氮气或氩气下进行，并使用Merck Silica Gel 60F254玻璃背板通过薄层色谱(TLC)监测。通过Merck Silica Gel 60(0.040-0.063mm,230-400mesh)进行管柱层析。通过Varian Mercury-300和Varian BrukerAVIII-500光谱仪测量1H NMR和13C NMR光谱，化学位移(δ)以每百万分之一(ppm)计且相对于溶剂共振峰。使用以下缩写来表示多重性：s(单重态)、d(双重态)、t(三重态)、q(四重态)、quin(五重态)、m(多重态)或br(宽)。通过HP Hewlett Packard 1100系列来测量低分辨率质谱。
式(I)化合物可依方案1的通用步骤来合成：
在一实施例中，可以如方案1所示的方法制备式(I)化合物。首先通过常规的喹诺酮合成方法将化合物A转化为化合物B。随后，通过侧链偶联延伸方法将侧链基团G键结到化合物B以获得化合物C。将化合物C去保护以获得化合物D。对于方案1中所示的化合物，其中R1、R2和R3如本文所述的任何实施例所定义，R是羟基保护基。
通过以下非限制性实施例将进一步理解本公开。
实施例1：化合物1至15的制备及表征
对于所有以下实例，可使用本领域技术人员已知的标准处理及纯化方法。除非另外指示，否则所有温度均以℃(摄氏度)表示。除非另外指出，否则所有反应均在室温下进行。本文中的合成方法意欲经由使用具体实例来例示可适用的化学方法且不指示本发明的范畴。在本公开所描述的实例中使用的起始材料为市售可得的或可通过本领域技术人员已知的方法来制备。
化合物1(7-(3-氨基-4-甲基-哌啶-1-基)-1-(2-氟-环丙基)-8-甲氧基-4-氧代-1,4-二氢-喹啉-3-羧酸的合成。
化合物I-5首先按照以下所示方案由市售的2,4-二氟-3-甲氧基-苯甲酸进行制备：
试剂和条件：(a)SOCl2，(E)-3-(二甲氨基)丙烯酸乙酯，TEA，甲苯；(b)(1R，2S)-2-氟环丙胺-4-甲基苯磺盐盐酸盐，TEA，DCM；(c)NaH，THF；(d)12N HCl，EtOH，回流；(e)，H3BO3，Ac2O，AcOH，
在室温下，向2，4-二氟-3-甲氧基-苯甲酸(12g，63.8mmol)在100毫升甲苯的溶液中滴加DMF(1mL)和亚硫酰氯(23mL，316mmol)。将混合物搅拌3小时，接着真空浓缩得到棕色油状物。向(E)-3-(二甲基氨基)丙烯酸乙酯(11.8mL，107mmol)和TEA(13.8mL，95.6mmol)在50毫升甲苯的搅拌溶液中逐滴加入20毫升在甲苯溶液中的棕色油状物。将反应混合物回流16小时，接着用100毫升的水洗涤，用MgSO4干燥并真空浓缩，得到化合物I-1(20g)。
在冰浴中向化合物I-1(20g)的DCM(300mL)溶液中添加TEA(20mL，138mmol)和(1R，2S)-2-氟环丙胺-4-甲基苯磺酸盐(20g，80.8mmol)，将混合物持续搅拌2小时，接着用200毫升的水洗涤，用MgSO4干燥并真空浓缩，得到化合物I-2(21g)。
在0℃下向氢化钠(2.7g，67.5mmol)在100毫升的甲苯溶液中滴加100毫升在甲苯溶液中的化合物I-2(21g)，搅拌1小时。在0℃下将反应混合物逐滴加入100毫升的10％H2SO4，然后搅拌30分钟。通过过滤收集沉淀物，并用水洗涤以得到化合物I-3(15g，产率73％)。
将化合物I-3(15g，46.4mmol)在200毫升EtOH和12N HCl(19.5mL，230mmol)的混合物加热并搅拌16小时。冷却后，通过过滤收集沉淀物，并用水洗涤，得到化合物I-4(12.5g，产率92％)。
将H3BO3(1g，16.2mmol)在Ac2O(21mL，222mmol)的溶液加热至115℃，并搅拌30分钟。在115℃下于1小时内将两部分的H3BO3(3.2g，51.6mmol)逐步加入反应中。在115℃下向反应混合物添加AcOH(30mL)，并搅拌30分钟。在115℃下向反应混合物进一步添加化合物I-4(12.5g，42.3mmol)，并搅拌16小时。在0℃下将200毫升的水滴加到反应混合物中并搅拌10分钟。通过过滤收集沉淀物，并用水洗涤以得到化合物I-5(15g，产率86％)。
进一步，通过以下所示的合成方式制备化合物1
试剂和条件：(a)(1)TEA，ACN；(2)NaOH；(b)2N Hcl
在10毫升的烧瓶中，添加化合物I-5(0.17g，0.4mmol)、化合物I-6(0.10g，0.46mmol)的乙腈(3mL)溶液及三乙胺(0.08mL，0.6mmol)。将反应混合物加热至50℃维持15小时，接着将反应混合物冷却至20℃，然后在30±10℃下添加10％的NaOH(0.5mL，2.4mmol)，并搅拌1小时。相分离后收集有机层。用2毫升乙腈萃取水相并与有机层合并。含有化合物I-7的合并有机层无需进一步处理即可用于下一步。
向最后步骤取得的化合物I-7的2毫升CH2Cl2混合物中，添加0.33毫升的2NHCl。在室温搅拌2小时后，将混合物用蒸馏水(2.5mL)稀释。接着该水溶液用二氯甲烷(5mL×3)洗涤，以30％氨水滴定至pH＝7.8-8.0，形成黄色粉末浆液。在两小时内将所得浆液冷却至15±2℃并抽滤。将黄色粉末依次用蒸馏水(1mL×2)和95％EtOH(0.5mL×2)洗涤，然后真空干燥，得到化合物1(0.1g，产率67％)。MS：m/z 390.2(M+1)；1H NMR(300MHz，CD3OD)δppm 8.83(s，1H)，8.14(d，1H)，7.35(d，1H)，5.06(s，1H)，4.18-4.08(m，2H)，3.83(s，1H)，3.14-3.09(m，1H)，2.92-2.85(m，2H)，1.99-1.94(m，1H)，1.74-1.70(m，4H)，1.19(d，3H)。
依照前述方案1以及制备化合物1中所描述的相似方法来制备化合物2至化合物15。化合物2至15的光谱分析数据如下所列：
化合物2：MS：m/z 404.2(M+1)；1H NMR(300MHz，CD3OD)δppm 8.84(s，1H)，8.15(d，1H)，7.36(d，1H)，5.08(s，1H)，4.19-4.03(m，2H)，3.85(s，1H)，3.31(s，1H)，2.97-2.90(m，2H)，2.14-1.34(m，7H)，1.06-1.01(m，3H)。
化合物3：MS：m/z 418.2(M+1)；1H NMR(300MHz，CD3OD)6ppm 8.84(s，1H)，8.13(s，1H)，7.36(s，1H)，4.26-4.17(m，2H)，3.77-3.61(m，1H)，3.10-2.94(m，2H)，2.15-2.12(m，1H)，1.71-1.17(m，10H)，1.03-0.93(m，3H)。
化合物4：MS：m/z 444.2(M+1)；1H NMR(300MHz，CD3OD)δppm 8.87(s，1H)，8.18(d，1H)，7.39(d，1H)，5.07(s，1H)，4.16-3.72(m，4H)，3.29-2.71(m，3H)，2.29(d,1H),1.98-1.67(m,3H)。
化合物5：MS:m/z 394.2(M+1)；1H NMR(300MHz,CD3OD)δppm 8.84(s,1H),8.15(d,1H),7.36(d,1H),5.05-4.84(m,2H),4.18-3.64(m,4H),3.03(t,2H),2.39-2.05(m,2H),1.49(m,2H)。
化合物6：MS:m/z 380.2(M+1)；1H NMR(300MHz,CD3OD)δppm 8.85(s,1H),8.16(d,1H),7.34(d,1H),4.17-4.15(m,1H),3.92-3.85(m,2H),3.70-3.51(m,2H),3.29-2.94(m,2H),2.22-1.47(m,6H)。
化合物7：MS:m/z 394.2(M+1)；1H NMR(300MHz,CD3OD)δppm 8.88(s,1H),8.31(d,1H),7.43(d,1H),5.14(s,1H),4.39(s,1H),3.87-3.47(m,2H),3.29-2.93(m,3H),2.03-1.33(m,5H),1.21(d,3H)。
化合物8：MS:m/z 408.2(M+1)；1H NMR(300MHz,CD3OD)δppm 8.89(s,1H),8.35(d,1H),7.45(d,1H),5.15(s,1H),4.38(s,1H),3.85(d,1H),3.53-2.99(m,4H),2.17-2.14(m,1H),1.98-1.32(m,6H),1.07-1.02(m,3H)。
化合物9：MS:m/z 360.2(M+1)；1H NMR(300MHz,CD3OD)δppm 8.90(s,1H),8.26(d,1H),7.38(d,1H),4.30-4.28(m,1H),3.62-3.58(m,3H),3.31-3.13(m,2H),2.77(s,3H),2.30-1.68(m,5H),1.32-1.28(m,2H)。
化合物10：MS:m/z 388.2(M+1)；1H NMR(300MHz,CD3OD)δppm 8.87(d,1H),8.25(d,1H),7.36(d,1H),4.27(s,1H),3.68(s,1H),3.38-2.91(m,5H),2.17(d,1H),1.84-1.23(m,9H),1.07-1.02(m,3H)。
化合物11：MS:m/z 394.2(M+1)；1H NMR(300MHz,CD3OD)δppm 8.90(d,1H),8.37(d,1H),7.48(d,1H),4.39-4.37(m,1H),3.75(s,1H),3.59-3.48(m,2H),3.34-3.29(m,2H),2.77(t,1H),2.32(br,1H),2.05-1.98(m,1H),1.76-1.68(m,2H),1.63-1.36(m,1H),1.09-1.06(m,3H)。
化合物12：MS:m/z 374.2(M+1)；1H NMR(300MHz,CD3OD)δppm 8.86(d,1H),8.26(d,1H),7.34(d,1H),4.27-4.23(m,1H),3.77(s,1H),3.38(s,1H),2.79(s,3H),2.62-2.59(m,1H),2.32-1.70(m,6H),1.33-1.07(m,5H)。
化合物13：MS:m/z 394.2(M+1)；1H NMR(300MHz,CD3OD)δppm 8.86(s,1H),8.18(d,1H),7.39(d,1H),5.18-4.89(m,2H),4.19-4.08(m,3H),3.82-3.79(m,4H),3.22-3.00(m,2H),2.59-2.51(m,1H),1.98-1.49(m,3H)。
化合物14：MS:m/z 394.2(M+1)；1H NMR(300MHz,CD3OD)δppm 8.89(s,1H),8.16(d,1H),7.38(d,1H),5.08-4.73(m,1H),4.26-4.13(m,3H),3.85-3.81(m,4H),3.53-3.49(m,1H),3.30-2.99(m,2H),2.26(br,1H),1.98-1.58(m,3H)。
化合物15：MS:m/z 380.1(M+1)；1H NMR(300MHz,CD3OD)δppm 8.89(s,1H),8.34(d,1H),7.43(d,1H),5.15(s,1H),4.40-4.37(m,1H),3.76-3.66(m,2H),3.36-3.34(m,1H),3.16-3.00(m,2H),2.19-1.40(m,6H)。
实施例2：MIC(最低抑菌浓度)测定
根据临床和实验室标准协会的指南，使用微量稀释法确定了针对所有细菌菌株的化合物的MIC。从新鲜条纹培养板中选出来自两个或三个克隆的细菌，并在培养液中温育8小时。然后将细菌培养物用双倍浓缩培养液稀释至终浓度为5×105CFU/ml。通过用DMSO稀释储备溶液来制备测试化合物。将稀释的细菌悬浮液添加到单个微孔中的等体积药物溶液中，并在37℃下培育24小时。没有可见细菌生长的微孔中的最小浓度定义为MIC。所有MIC测定在不同的日期重复两次。化合物1-15对革兰氏阳性(gram(+))和革兰氏阴性(gram(-))细菌的MIC如下所示：
*Pa27853:绿脓假单胞菌(Pseudomonas aeruginosa)ATCC 27853
**PaK2376:绿脓假单胞菌(Pseudomonas aeruginosa)K2376
***Sa29213:金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus aureus)ATCC 29213
****Sp49619:肺炎双球菌(Streptococcus pneumoniae)ATCC 49619
此外，观察到在C7位含有哌啶和在C1位含有氟取代的环丙基的本公开的式(I)化合物出乎意料地表现出比结构相似的类似化合物更高的抑制细菌生长的效力。比较例化合物(结构上相似的类似化合物)和实施例化合物(在C7位含有哌啶和在C1位含有氟取代的环丙基)之间的MIC差异的结果显示在下表中：
*MIC差异＝(比较例化合物的MIC值)/(实施例化合物的MIC值)
这些结果表示，与其结构上相似的类似比较例化合物相比，本揭露的化合物出乎意料地表现出更高的抑制细菌生长的效力。
其他实施例
说明书中所揭示的所有特征可以以任意的组合方式结合。说明书中所揭示的各种特征可以被起到相同、等同或类似目的的特征所替换。因此，除非另有说明，所揭示的各种特征仅仅是一系列等同或类似特征的示例。
通过以上说明，本领域技术人员可以很容易地确定本发明的主要特征，同时可以在不背离本发明的精神和范围的前提下，对本发明进行各种改变和改良，以使其适用于各种应用和条件。因此，其他的实施方式也在所附申请专利范围之内。
Claims (10)
1.一种式(I)化合物、其药学上可接受的盐、立体异构体、溶剂合物或前药，
其中，
R1是氢；
R2是被1至3个卤素所取代的环丙基；
R3是氢、卤素、C1-3烷基或C1-3烷氧基，其中，C1-3烷基或C1-3烷氧基可各自任选地被1至3个卤素所取代；
R5、R6和R7中的每一个独立地是氢、卤素、C1-3烷基或NH2，其中，C1-3烷基可任选地被1至3个卤素所取代，条件是R5、R6和R7中只有一个是NH2。
2.如权利要求1所述的化合物、其药学上可接受的盐、立体异构体、溶剂合物或前药，其中，式(I)化合物以式(II)表示：
3.如权利要求1所述的化合物、其药学上可接受的盐、立体异构体、溶剂合物或前药，其中，式(I)化合物以式(III)表示：
4.如权利要求1至3中任一项所述的化合物、其药学上可接受的盐、立体异构体、溶剂合物或前药，其中，R3是氯、甲基或甲氧基。
5.如权利要求1至3中任一项所述的化合物、其药学上可接受的盐、立体异构体、溶剂合物或前药，其中，R5是氢或NH2；R6是氢、卤素、可任选地被1至3个卤素所取代的C1-3烷基、或NH2；R7是氢、卤素或C1-3烷基；条件是R5和R6中只有一个是NH2。
6.如权利要求1或2中所述的化合物、其药学上可接受的盐、立体异构体、
溶剂合物或前药，其中，R3是氯、甲基或甲氧基；R5是氢或NH2；R6是氢、卤素、可任选地被1至3个卤素所取代的C1-3烷基、或NH2；R7是氢、卤素或C1-3烷基；条件是R5和R6中只有一个是NH2。
7.如权利要求3所述的化合物、其药学上可接受的盐、立体异构体、溶剂合物或前药，其中，R3是氯、甲基或甲氧基；R5是氢或NH2；R6是氢、卤素、可任选地被1至3个卤素所取代的C1-3烷基、或NH2；R7是氢、卤素或C1-3烷基；条件是R5和R6中只有一个是NH2。
8.如权利要求1所述的化合物、其药学上可接受的盐、立体异构体、溶剂合物或前药，其选自下组：
9.一种药物组合物，其包含权利要求1至8中任一项所述的化合物、其药学上可接受的盐、立体异构体、溶剂合物或前药，以及一种或多种药学上可接受的载体。
10.如权利要求1至8中任一项所述的化合物、其药学上可接受的盐、立体异构体、溶剂合物或前药或权利要求9所述的药物组合物用于治疗、预防、或改善有需要的受试者中的微生物感染。
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO1999014214A1 (en) * | 1997-09-15 | 1999-03-25 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Antimicrobial quinolones, their compositions and uses |
| WO2008082009A2 (en) * | 2007-01-05 | 2008-07-10 | Daiichi Sankyo Company, Limited | Fused substituted aminopyrrolidine derivative |
| CN103467448A (zh) * | 2013-09-18 | 2013-12-25 | 浙江司太立制药股份有限公司 | 7-（3-氨基-4-烷氧亚胺基-1-哌啶基）-1-[(1r,2s)-2-氟环丙基]喹诺酮羧酸类化合物及其制备方法 |
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| EP0997466A1 (en) * | 1988-10-24 | 2000-05-03 | PROCTER & GAMBLE PHARMACEUTICALS, INC. | Novel antimicrobial lactam-quinolones |
| DE19962470A1 (de) * | 1999-12-22 | 2001-07-12 | Schulz Hans Herrmann | Verwendung von Chemotherapeutika |
| EP2536408A1 (en) * | 2010-02-16 | 2012-12-26 | Wockhardt Research Centre | Efflux pump inhibitors |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO1999014214A1 (en) * | 1997-09-15 | 1999-03-25 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Antimicrobial quinolones, their compositions and uses |
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| WO2008082009A2 (en) * | 2007-01-05 | 2008-07-10 | Daiichi Sankyo Company, Limited | Fused substituted aminopyrrolidine derivative |
| CN103467448A (zh) * | 2013-09-18 | 2013-12-25 | 浙江司太立制药股份有限公司 | 7-（3-氨基-4-烷氧亚胺基-1-哌啶基）-1-[(1r,2s)-2-氟环丙基]喹诺酮羧酸类化合物及其制备方法 |
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| AU2020369579A1 (en) | 2022-04-14 |
| EP4048663A4 (en) | 2023-08-30 |
| EP4048663A1 (en) | 2022-08-31 |
| MX2022004742A (es) | 2022-05-16 |
| WO2021081267A1 (en) | 2021-04-29 |
| KR20220080176A (ko) | 2022-06-14 |
| IL291981A (en) | 2022-06-01 |
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