CN114007785A - 切削刀片和切削刀具 - Google Patents

切削刀片和切削刀具 Download PDF

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CN114007785A
CN114007785A CN202080046242.8A CN202080046242A CN114007785A CN 114007785 A CN114007785 A CN 114007785A CN 202080046242 A CN202080046242 A CN 202080046242A CN 114007785 A CN114007785 A CN 114007785A
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矶部太志
萩原亚寿纱
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Kyocera Corp
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Abstract

本发明的切削刀片具备具有第1面的氮化硼烧结体。在与第1面垂直的氮化硼烧结体的截面所对应的透射型X射线衍射中,设与第1面垂直方向的立方晶氮化硼的111衍射峰顶点的X射线强度为IcBN(111)v。设压缩型氮化硼的002衍射峰顶点的X射线强度为IhBN(002)v。设与第1面平行的方向的立方晶氮化硼的111衍射峰顶点的X射线强度为IcBN(111)h。设压缩型氮化硼的002衍射峰顶点的X射线强度为IhBN(002)h。根据这些X射线强度求得的压缩型氮化硼含有值大于0.005。立方晶取向值大于0.5,压缩型氮化硼取向值大于立方晶取向值。

Description

切削刀片和切削刀具
技术领域
本发明涉及切削刀片和切削刀具。
背景技术
氮化硼烧结体具有高硬度。利用这一特性,可被用于粉碎构件或刀具的切削刀片等。在专利文献1中记载有一种含有立方晶氮化硼的氮化硼烧结体。另外,在专利文献1中记载有一种立方晶氮化硼复合多晶体,其含有纤维锌矿型氮化硼,并且具备立方晶氮化硼的(220)面的X射线衍射强度I(220)相对于立方晶氮化硼的(111)面的X射线衍射强度I(111)之比I(220)/I(111)低于0.1。换言之,就是在此立方晶氮化硼复合多晶体的取向面中,X射线强度I(111)是I(220)的10倍以上。即可以说,在取向面中,(111)面为强取向。该立方晶氮化硼复合多晶体,是作为原料使用取向后的pBN而得到的。另外还记载有,作为比较例而含六方晶氮化硼时,立方晶氮化硼在取向面中,即使(111)面为强取向,磨损量也大,作为切削刀具的性能差。
先行技术文献
专利文献
专利文献1:日本专利第5929655号
发明内容
提供一种具有优异的耐磨损性的切削刀片和切削刀具。
本发明的切削刀片具备氮化硼烧结体,所述氮化硼烧结体具有第1面、第2面和位于所述第1面与所述第2面的棱部的至少一部分上的刃口。所述氮化硼烧结体含有立方晶氮化硼和压缩型氮化硼。在与所述第1面垂直的所述氮化硼烧结体的截面所对应的透射型X射线衍射中,设在与所述第1面垂直的方向上的、所述立方晶氮化硼的111衍射峰顶点的X射线强度为IcBN(111)v,所述压缩型氮化硼的002衍射峰顶点的X射线强度为IhBN(002)v,设在与所述第1面平行的方向上的、所述立方晶氮化硼的111衍射峰顶点的X射线强度为IcBN(111)h,所述压缩型氮化硼的002衍射峰顶点的X射线强度为IhBN(002)h。由(IhBN(002)v+IhBN(002)h)/(IcBN(111)v+IcBN(111)h)表示的压缩型氮化硼含有值大于0.005。由IcBN(111)v/(IcBN(111)v+IcBN(111)h)表示的立方晶取向值大于0.5。由IhBN(002)v/(IhBNv(002)+IhBN(002)h)表示的压缩型氮化硼取向值,大于所述立方晶取向值。本发明的切削刀具具备:具有从第1端伸延到第2端的长度,在所述第1端侧具有卡槽的刀柄;位于所述卡槽的上述所记的切削刀片。
附图说明
图1是表示本发明切削刀片的一例的立体图。
图2是表示本发明切削刀片的另一例的立体图。
图3是表示本发明切削刀具的一例的正视图。
具体实施方式
以下,使用附图,对于本发明的氮化硼烧结体、切削刀片和切削刀具详细说明。但是,以下所参照的各图,为了便于说明,只简化显示必要的主要部分。
<切削刀片>
图1中显示本发明的切削刀片1的一例。在图1的示例中,切削刀片1是多边形的氮化硼烧结体3。图2中显示本发明的切削刀片1的另一例。在图2的示例中,氮化硼烧结体3被接合于硬质合金所构成的基体5。基体5与氮化硼烧结体1一起构成多边形的切削刀片。若具有这样的结构,则能够减少相对高价的氮化硼烧结体3在切削刀片1中所占的比例。在图2的示例中,氮化硼烧结体3位于切削刀片1的角部之中的一角,但也可以在多个角部分别配置氮化硼烧结体3。
例如,含有Ti和Ag的接合材(未图示)也可以位于氮化硼烧结体3与基体5之间。氮化硼烧结体3和基体5,能够使用以往公知的接合法经由接合材而一体化。
本发明的切削刀片1,在氮化硼烧结体3中具有第1面7和第2面9。在图1、2所示的例子中,上表面为第1面7,侧面为第2面。在这些示例中,第1面7成为前刀面7,第2面9成为后刀面9。以后,将第1面7称为前刀面7。另外,将第2面9称为后刀面9。切削刀片1,在第1面7与第2面9的棱线11的至少一部分上具有刃口13。
本发明的切削刀片1的氮化硼烧结体3,含有立方晶氮化硼和压缩型氮化硼。在与氮化硼烧结体3的第1面7垂直的截面所对应的透射型X射线衍射中,所得到的数据之中,设在与第1面7垂直的方向上的、立方晶氮化硼的111衍射的X射线强度为IcBN(111)v,压缩型氮化硼氮化硼的002衍射的X射线强度为IhBN(002)v,设在与第1面7平行的方向上的、立方晶氮化硼的111衍射的X射线强度为IcBN(111)h,压缩型氮化硼的002衍射的X射线强度为IhBN(002)h。
还有,上述各面的特别指定,关于立方晶氮化硼,以JCPDS卡No.01-075-6381为基础。另外,关于压缩型氮化硼,以JCPDS卡No.18-251为基础。关于六方晶氮化硼,以JCPDS卡No.00―045―0893为基础。另外,关于后述的纤维锌矿型氮化硼,以JCPDS卡No.00-049-1327为基础。
透射型X射线衍射,例如,可以使用株式会社Rigaku制的弯曲IPX射线衍射装置RINT RAPID2进行。
将基于上述的各X射线强度而得到的(IhBN(002)v+I(002)h)/(I(111)v+I(111)h)称为压缩型氮化硼含有值。压缩型氮化硼含有值,是与氮化硼烧结体3中所含的压缩型氮化硼的量相关的指标。该值越大,氮化硼烧结体3中所含的压缩型氮化硼的量越多。压缩型氮化硼含有值,不是其含量本身。
本发明的切削刀片1的氮化硼烧结体3,压缩型氮化硼含有值大于0.002且小于0.01。即,本发明的切削刀片1的氮化硼烧结体3,以满足该条件的程度含有压缩型氮化硼。
另外,将基于上述的各X射线强度而得到的IcBN(111)v/(IcBN(111)v+IcBN(111)h)称为立方晶取向值。若立方晶取向值为0.5,则立方晶氮化硼的111面朝向随机方向,是无取向状态。立方晶取向值越大,氮化硼烧结体3中所含的立方晶氮化硼的111面与第1面7平行取向的程度越大。
本发明的切削刀片1中的氮化硼烧结体3,立方晶取向值大于0.5。换言之,就是垂直方向的立方晶氮化硼的111衍射峰顶点的X射线强度,大于平行方向的立方晶氮化硼的111衍射峰顶点的X射线强度。即,可以说立方晶氮化硼的111面沿着第1面7的法线方向进行取向。
将基于上述的各X射线强度而得到的IhBN(002)v/(IhBNv(002)+IhBN(002)h)称为压缩型氮化硼取向值。若压缩型氮化硼取向值为0.5,则压缩型氮化硼的002面朝向随机方向,是无取向状态。压缩型氮化硼取向值越大,氮化硼烧结体3中所含的压缩型氮化硼的002面与第1面7平行取向的程度越大。
本发明的切削刀片1的氮化硼烧结体3,压缩型氮化硼取向值大于立方晶取向值。即,压缩型氮化硼的002面,相比立方晶氮化硼的111面,与第1面7平行取向的程度大。
本发明的切削刀片1,通过具有上述结构,从而具有优异的耐磨损性。该效果被推测是由于,本发明的切削刀片1含有少量的压缩型氮化硼,此外,在第1面中压缩型氮化硼的002面取向较多,由此,熔敷于第1面的被切削物与压缩型氮化硼一起被剥离。
本发明的切削刀片1的氮化硼烧结体3,压缩型氮化硼含有值也可以为0.004以上且0.008以下。若具有这样的结构,则切削刀片1的硬度高。
另外,本发明的切削刀片1的氮化硼烧结体3,立方晶取向值也可以为0.55以上。若具有这样的结构,则前刀面7的硬度高。
另外,本发明的切削刀片1的氮化硼烧结体3,压缩型氮化硼取向值也可以为0.8以上。若具有这样的结构,则切削刀片1的寿命长。
另外,本发明的切削刀片1,氮化硼烧结体3也可以含有纤维锌矿型氮化硼。具有这样结构的氮化硼烧结体3硬度高。
另外,本发明的切削刀片1,立方晶氮化硼的平均粒径可以为200nm以下。若具有这样的结构,则切削刀片1的强度高。还有,立方晶氮化硼的平均粒径可以为100nm以下。
另外,本发明的切削刀片1,也可以在氮化硼烧结体3的表面具有硬质涂层(未图示)。
<切削刀具>
接着,使用附图对于本发明的切削刀具进行说明。
本发明的切削刀具101,如图3所示,例如,是从第一端(图3中的上端)朝向第二端(图3中的下端)延伸的棒状体。
切削刀具101,如图3所示,具备:刀柄105,所述刀柄105具有从第1端(前端)延伸到第2端的长度,并具有位于第1端侧的卡槽103;位于卡槽103的所述切削刀片1。因为切削刀具101具备切削刀片1,所以能够长期进行稳定的切削加工。
卡槽103是安装切削刀片1的部分,具有相对于刀柄105的下表面平行的支承面、和相对于支承面垂直或倾斜的限制侧面。另外,卡槽103在刀柄105的第1端侧开口。
切削刀片1位于卡槽103。这时,切削刀片1的下表面可以与卡槽103直接相接,另外,也可以在切削刀片1与卡槽103之间夹隔垫片(未图示)。
切削刀片1以使前刀面7和后刀面9相交的棱线上的作为刃口13使用的部分的至少一部分从刀柄105向外方突出的方式被安装在刀柄105上。在本实施方式中,切削刀片1由固定螺栓107安装在刀柄105上。即,在切削刀片1的贯通孔55中插入固定螺栓107,将该固定螺栓107的前端插入形成于卡槽103的螺丝孔(未图示)而使螺栓部之间拧紧,由此切削刀片1被安装在刀柄105上。
作为刀柄105的材质,能够使用钢、铸铁等。这些构件之中也可以使用韧性高的钢。
在本实施方式中,例示的是用于所谓车削加工的切削刀具。作为车削加工,例如,可列举内径加工、外径加工和开槽加工等。还有,作为切削刀具,不限定用于车削加工。例如,用于滚削加工的切削刀具也可以使用上述实施方式的切削刀片1。
<制造方法>
以下,对于本发明的切削刀片的氮化硼烧结体的制造方法进行说明。首先,准备作为原料粉末的扁平形状的六方晶氮化硼粉末。使用平均粒径为0.7μm以上,市售原料之中氧杂质量低于0.5质量%的原料。所谓六方晶氮化硼粉末的平均粒径,意思是以电子显微镜测量的氮化硼粉末的长轴方向的长度的平均值。六方晶氮化硼粉末其平均粒径可以为0.2μm以上且30μm以下。六方晶氮化硼粉末,也可以是具有99%以上纯度的高纯度。另外,也可以含有制造立方晶的氮化硼粉末时所用的催化剂成分。另外,也可以使用纯度低于99%的原料粉末。
原料粉末的成形以单轴压制进行,通过控制成形时的压力,能够控制烧成后的立方晶取向值和压缩型氮化硼取向值。以单轴压制成形时,扁平的六方晶氮化硼粉末进行取向,六方晶氮化硼粉末的002面以垂直于压制的加压轴向的方式进行取向。在单轴压制时,若对同一成形体以反复施加压力的方式进行,则成形体的六方晶氮化硼粉末的取向性高。
接着,将由上述方法制作的成形体,以1800~2200度的温度、8~10GPa的压力进行烧成,由此能够得到本发明的氮化硼烧结体。氮化硼烧结体中所含的压缩型氮化硼的比例,能够由烧成时的温度和压力控制。
以上,对于本发明的氮化硼烧结体、切削刀片和切削刀具进行了说明,但不限定于上述的实施方式,在不脱离本发明要旨的范围,也可以进行各种改良和变更。
【实施例】
对于平均粒径为0.3μm、6μm、16μm,氧杂质量为0.3质量%的扁平形状的六方晶氮化硼粉末以单轴压制进行成形,得到成形体。另外,对于相同的六方晶氮化硼粉末进行等压加压而制作成形体。以表1所示的条件烧成这些成形体。
接着,将所得到的烧结体沿着与烧结体的第1面垂直的方向切断,制作具有相对于第1面呈直角相交面的厚度约0.5mm的试验片。以此试验片的与第1面垂直的截面为基准,使用株式会社Rigaku制的弯曲IPX射线衍射装置RINT RAPID2,求得压缩型氮化硼含有值、立方晶取向值、压缩型氮化硼取向值。所得各值显示在表1中。
【表1】
Figure BDA0003428836270000071
再截取所得到的烧结体的一部分,制作切削刀片。将此切削刀片的第1面作为前刀面进行切削试验。以下显示切削试验的条件。
<切削试验的条件>
被切削材:Ti合金(Ti-6Al-4V)
切削条件:Vc=100m/min、f=0.1mm/rev、ap=0.4mm、Wet
使用工具:CNGA120408
作为由等压成形的成形体得到的试料,即试料No.1~3、7、11、15,均没有本发明的切削刀片的氮化硼烧结体的结构。另外,即使使用单轴加压的成形体时,烧成温度为2100℃,烧成压力为11GPa的试料No.8~10,也不包含压缩型氮化硼。使用单轴加压的成形体,烧成温度为2300℃,烧成压力为7.7GPa的试料No.16中,含有压缩型氮化硼,但压缩型氮化硼取向值小于立方晶取向值。
另一方面,由单轴压制成形的试料之中,试料No.4~6、12~14,其压缩型氮化硼含有值大于0.005,立方晶取向值大于0.5,压缩型取向值大于立方晶取向值,为长寿命。还有,试料No.4~6、12~14的立方晶氮化硼的平均粒径,均为200nm以下。特别是使用了平均粒径小的原料粉末的试料No.4和试料No.12的平均粒径,为100nm以下。
立方晶取向值在0.55以上的试料No.5、6、12、13、14,寿命比立方晶取向值低于0.55的试料No.4长。压缩型氮化硼取向值为0.8以上的试料No.13、14,寿命比压缩型氮化硼取向值低于0.8的试料No.12长。
不满足本发明切削刀片的构成要件的试料,相比作为本发明切削刀片的试料No.4~6、12~14,寿命更短。
符号说明
1…切削刀片
3…氮化硼烧结体
5…基体
7…前刀面
9…后刀面
11…棱线
13…刃口
101…切削刀具
103v卡槽
105…刀柄。

Claims (6)

1.一种切削刀片,是具备氮化硼烧结体的切削刀片,所述氮化硼烧结体具有第1面、第2面和位于所述第1面与所述第2面的棱部的至少一部分上的刃口,其中
所述氮化硼烧结体含有立方晶氮化硼和压缩型氮化硼,
在与所述第1面垂直的所述氮化硼烧结体的截面所对应的透射型X射线衍射中,
设在与所述第1面垂直的方向上的、所述立方晶氮化硼的111衍射峰顶点的X射线强度为IcBN(111)v,所述压缩型氮化硼的002衍射峰顶点的X射线强度为IhBN(002)v,
设在与所述第1面平行的方向上的、所述立方晶氮化硼的111衍射峰顶点的X射线强度为IcBN(111)h,所述压缩型氮化硼的002衍射峰顶点的X射线强度为IhBN(002)h时,
由(IhBN(002)v+IhBN(002)h)/(IcBN(111)v+IcBN(111)h)表示的压缩型氮化硼含有值大于0.002且小于0.01,
由IcBN(111)v/(IcBN(111)v+IcBN(111)h)表示的立方晶取向值大于0.5,
由IhBN(002)v/(IhBNv(002)+IhBN(002)h)表示的压缩型氮化硼取向值大于所述立方晶取向值。
2.根据权利要求1所述的切削刀片,其中,所述立方晶取向值为0.55以上。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的切削刀片,其中,所述压缩型氮化硼取向值为0.8以上。
4.根据权利要求1~3中任一项所述的切削刀片,其中,所述氮化硼烧结体含有纤维锌矿型氮化硼。
5.根据权利要求1~4中任一项所述的切削刀片,其中,所述截面中的所述立方晶氮化硼的平均粒径为200nm以下。
6.一种切削刀具,其具备:具有从第1端延伸到第2端的长度,并在所述第1端侧具有卡槽的刀柄;
位于所述卡槽的权利要求1~5中任一项所述的切削刀片。
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