CN113999642A - 一种单组分无溶剂光伏背板胶黏剂及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种单组分无溶剂光伏背板胶黏剂及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN113999642A CN113999642A CN202111287713.7A CN202111287713A CN113999642A CN 113999642 A CN113999642 A CN 113999642A CN 202111287713 A CN202111287713 A CN 202111287713A CN 113999642 A CN113999642 A CN 113999642A
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- component solvent
- adhesive
- free photovoltaic
- polyol
- silane
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- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title description 5
- 229920005906 polyester polyol Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000012948 isocyanate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 150000002513 isocyanates Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229920005862 polyol Polymers 0.000 claims description 24
- 150000003077 polyols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 claims description 12
- -1 bisphenol F polyol Chemical class 0.000 claims description 10
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- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910000077 silane Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000005058 Isophorone diisocyanate Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silane Chemical compound [SiH4] BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCO MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- NIMLQBUJDJZYEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N isophorone diisocyanate Chemical compound CC1(C)CC(N=C=O)CC(C)(CN=C=O)C1 NIMLQBUJDJZYEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000002009 diols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
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- UPMLOUAZCHDJJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,4'-Diphenylmethane Diisocyanate Chemical compound C1=CC(N=C=O)=CC=C1CC1=CC=C(N=C=O)C=C1 UPMLOUAZCHDJJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Terephthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C=C1 KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
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- 239000012752 auxiliary agent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- WERYXYBDKMZEQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N butane-1,4-diol Chemical compound OCCCCO WERYXYBDKMZEQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007822 coupling agent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- QQVIHTHCMHWDBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N isophthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC(C(O)=O)=C1 QQVIHTHCMHWDBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000006068 polycondensation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Succinic acid Natural products OC(=O)CCC(O)=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- LFSYUSUFCBOHGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-isocyanato-2-[(4-isocyanatophenyl)methyl]benzene Chemical compound C1=CC(N=C=O)=CC=C1CC1=CC=CC=C1N=C=O LFSYUSUFCBOHGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- OEOIWYCWCDBOPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-methyl-heptanoic acid Chemical compound CC(C)CCCCC(O)=O OEOIWYCWCDBOPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- PXKLMJQFEQBVLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bisphenol F Natural products C1=CC(O)=CC=C1CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 PXKLMJQFEQBVLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
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- 239000005057 Hexamethylene diisocyanate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene oxide Chemical compound CC1CO1 GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- ZJCCRDAZUWHFQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trimethylolpropane Chemical compound CCC(CO)(CO)CO ZJCCRDAZUWHFQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- ISKQADXMHQSTHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N [4-(aminomethyl)phenyl]methanamine Chemical compound NCC1=CC=C(CN)C=C1 ISKQADXMHQSTHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- NOKSMMGULAYSTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N [SiH4].N=C=O Chemical compound [SiH4].N=C=O NOKSMMGULAYSTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- AJDTZVRPEPFODZ-PAMPIZDHSA-J [Sn+4].[O-]C(=O)\C=C/C([O-])=O.[O-]C(=O)\C=C/C([O-])=O Chemical compound [Sn+4].[O-]C(=O)\C=C/C([O-])=O.[O-]C(=O)\C=C/C([O-])=O AJDTZVRPEPFODZ-PAMPIZDHSA-J 0.000 claims description 2
- KXBFLNPZHXDQLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N [cyclohexyl(diisocyanato)methyl]cyclohexane Chemical compound C1CCCCC1C(N=C=O)(N=C=O)C1CCCCC1 KXBFLNPZHXDQLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- UKLDJPRMSDWDSL-UHFFFAOYSA-L [dibutyl(dodecanoyloxy)stannyl] dodecanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)O[Sn](CCCC)(CCCC)OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCC UKLDJPRMSDWDSL-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002318 adhesion promoter Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001361 adipic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000011037 adipic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001343 alkyl silanes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002518 antifoaming agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth atom Chemical compound [Bi] JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- UQOQXWZPXFPRBR-UHFFFAOYSA-K bismuth dodecanoate Chemical compound [Bi+3].CCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O UQOQXWZPXFPRBR-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000416 bismuth oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- NSPSPMKCKIPQBH-UHFFFAOYSA-K bismuth;7,7-dimethyloctanoate Chemical compound [Bi+3].CC(C)(C)CCCCCC([O-])=O.CC(C)(C)CCCCCC([O-])=O.CC(C)(C)CCCCCC([O-])=O NSPSPMKCKIPQBH-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001718 carbodiimides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- TYIXMATWDRGMPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibismuth;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Bi+3].[Bi+3] TYIXMATWDRGMPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012975 dibutyltin dilaurate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005886 esterification reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- RRAMGCGOFNQTLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexamethylene diisocyanate Chemical compound O=C=NCCCCCCN=C=O RRAMGCGOFNQTLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- XXMIOPMDWAUFGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexane-1,6-diol Chemical compound OCCCCCCO XXMIOPMDWAUFGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- RXPAJWPEYBDXOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydron;methyl 4-methoxypyridine-2-carboxylate;chloride Chemical compound Cl.COC(=O)C1=CC(OC)=CC=N1 RXPAJWPEYBDXOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
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- SLCVBVWXLSEKPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N neopentyl glycol Chemical compound OCC(C)(C)CO SLCVBVWXLSEKPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- PARWUHTVGZSQPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenylsilane Chemical compound [SiH3]C1=CC=CC=C1 PARWUHTVGZSQPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000223 polyglycerol Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001451 polypropylene glycol Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000909 polytetrahydrofuran Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- FZHAPNGMFPVSLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silanamine Chemical compound [SiH3]N FZHAPNGMFPVSLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- KSBAEPSJVUENNK-UHFFFAOYSA-L tin(ii) 2-ethylhexanoate Chemical compound [Sn+2].CCCCC(CC)C([O-])=O.CCCCC(CC)C([O-])=O KSBAEPSJVUENNK-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCOCCO ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000013638 trimer Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- QXJQHYBHAIHNGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylolethane Chemical compound OCC(C)(CO)CO QXJQHYBHAIHNGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- UKRDPEFKFJNXQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N vinylsilane Chemical compound [SiH3]C=C UKRDPEFKFJNXQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000080 wetting agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- CXMXRPHRNRROMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N sebacic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O CXMXRPHRNRROMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 4
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 230000002745 absorbent Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002250 absorbent Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 claims 1
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-NUQCWPJISA-N butanedioic acid Chemical compound O[14C](=O)CC[14C](O)=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-NUQCWPJISA-N 0.000 claims 1
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
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- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 abstract description 5
- JOYRKODLDBILNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl urethane Chemical compound CCOC(N)=O JOYRKODLDBILNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 2
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- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 abstract description 2
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- 239000006087 Silane Coupling Agent Substances 0.000 description 9
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- ROORDVPLFPIABK-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenyl carbonate Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1OC(=O)OC1=CC=CC=C1 ROORDVPLFPIABK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- IQPQWNKOIGAROB-UHFFFAOYSA-N isocyanate group Chemical group [N-]=C=O IQPQWNKOIGAROB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052755 nonmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- 238000007151 ring opening polymerisation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003902 salicylic acid esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- SCPYDCQAZCOKTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silanol Chemical compound [SiH3]O SCPYDCQAZCOKTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000011179 visual inspection Methods 0.000 description 1
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- FHNFHKCVQCLJFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N xenon atom Chemical compound [Xe] FHNFHKCVQCLJFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
- C09J175/00—Adhesives based on polyureas or polyurethanes; Adhesives based on derivatives of such polymers
- C09J175/04—Polyurethanes
- C09J175/06—Polyurethanes from polyesters
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
- C08G18/40—High-molecular-weight compounds
- C08G18/4009—Two or more macromolecular compounds not provided for in one single group of groups C08G18/42 - C08G18/64
- C08G18/4018—Mixtures of compounds of group C08G18/42 with compounds of group C08G18/48
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
- C08G18/40—High-molecular-weight compounds
- C08G18/4009—Two or more macromolecular compounds not provided for in one single group of groups C08G18/42 - C08G18/64
- C08G18/4045—Mixtures of compounds of group C08G18/58 with other macromolecular compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
- C08G18/40—High-molecular-weight compounds
- C08G18/42—Polycondensates having carboxylic or carbonic ester groups in the main chain
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
- C08G18/40—High-molecular-weight compounds
- C08G18/42—Polycondensates having carboxylic or carbonic ester groups in the main chain
- C08G18/44—Polycarbonates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
- C08G18/40—High-molecular-weight compounds
- C08G18/48—Polyethers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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Abstract
本发明公开一种单组分无溶剂光伏背板胶黏剂，通过含有羟基的聚酯多元醇与异氰酸酯混合后,聚酯多元醇中的‑OH基团与异氰酸酯的‑NCO基团发生氨酯化反应,这种扩链反应生成网状高分子结构,从而形成牢固的粘结层。来有效提升背板胶的粘接性能以及耐高温、耐老化和耐候性能。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及单组分无溶剂聚氨酯胶黏剂制备领域，具体为一种高性能光伏背板用单组分无溶剂聚氨酯胶黏剂及其制备方法。
背景技术
随着工业的迅速发展，环境污染日益严重，同时近日来全球能源问题愈发紧张，多国相继出现电力供应不足问题，太阳能作为一种可再生能源，其清洁、覆盖面广等优势使其成为不可替代的绿色能源，如何更好的利用太阳能发电成为科学研究的重点。
光伏背板是太阳能电池组件的重要组成部分，其是由多层高分子薄膜粘合而成的复合膜，由于光伏背板位于太阳能电池板的背面并对电池片起着保护和支撑作用，因此光伏背板应当具有优秀的耐高温性、耐老化性、阻水性以及耐候性。而光伏背板胶作为光伏背板的重要组成部分，如何提高背板胶的粘接性能以及耐高温、耐老化和耐候性至关重要。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种单组分无溶剂光伏背板胶黏剂，所述光伏背板胶黏剂具有优异的耐高温、耐老化以及耐候性。
为了实现本发明的目的，所采用的技术方案是：
一种单组分无溶剂光伏背板胶黏剂，由如下质量百分比组分所制备的异氰酸酯预聚体，包括：
所述特种聚酯多元醇、聚碳酸酯多元醇、聚醚多元醇官能度均不低于二；
所述特种聚酯多元醇为分子量的分子量为1000-2000。
在本发明的一个优选实施例中，所述特种聚酯多元醇为由二元酸与多元醇进行缩聚酯化反应制得的聚酯多元醇；
优选由己内酯开环聚合制得聚酯多元醇或由小分子二醇作为起始剂与碳酸二甲酯或二苯基碳酸酯酯交换制得的聚酯多元醇。
在本发明的一个优选实施例中，所述二元酸为邻苯二甲酸、间苯二甲酸、对苯二甲酸、丁二酸、己二酸活葵二酸中的一种或任意两种以上的混合。
在本发明的一个优选实施例中，所述聚碳酸酯二元醇采用分子量在1000-2000范围内的一种。
在本发明的一个优选实施例中，所述聚醚多元醇为聚丙二醇、聚丙三醇、聚乙二醇、聚四氢呋喃二醇、乙二醇、二乙二醇、三乙二醇、1,4-丁二醇、新戊二醇、1,6-己二醇、三羟甲基乙烷或三羟甲基丙烷中的一种或任意两种以上的混合。
在本发明的一个优选实施例中，所述环氧树脂为双酚A型多元醇、双酚F型多元醇、双酚S型多元醇中的任意一种与环氧丙烷或环氧乙烷缩聚产物中的一种或任意两种以上混合产物。
环氧树脂的结构中含有羟基、醚键和活性极大的环氧基,因此可以粘接金属、非金属材料时强度较高，并且环氧树脂工艺性能好、收缩率小、耐介质、电绝缘性能良好，将环氧树脂引入胶黏剂体系中，环氧树脂分子中的仲羟基与异氰酸酯基反应,可使二者性能互补,显著提高聚氨酯胶黏剂的粘接强度、耐高温性、耐老化性以及耐候性。
在本发明的一个优选实施例中，所述异氰酸酯为4,4’-二苯甲烷二异氰酸酯、2,4’-二苯甲烷二异氰酸酯、碳化二亚胺液化的二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯、己二异氰酸酯、己二异氰酸酯三聚体、异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯或二环己基甲烷二异氰酸酯中的任意一种或多种。
在本发明的一个优选实施例中，所述偶联剂为乙烯基硅烷、氨基硅烷、环氧基硅烷、酰氧基硅烷、含氢硅烷、烷基硅烷、苯基硅烷、含硫硅烷或异氰酸酯基硅烷中的任意一种或多种。
硅烷偶联剂分子中同时拥有极性和非极性部分,其中表示烷基、苯基、乙烯基、环氧基以及氨基等有机官能团,可以与胶黏剂基体树脂的-NCO发生化学反应，X表示甲氧基、乙氧基等,这些基团易水解成硅醇而与被粘结基材上的羟基反应,生成稳定的硅氧键。因此,通过使用硅烷偶联剂,可以把两种性质不同的材料粘接在一起,有效地改善界面层的胶接强度,同时,适度的交联也改善了聚氨酯胶黏剂的耐老化性和耐热性能。
在本发明的一个优选实施例中，所述催化剂为二丁基锡二月桂酸酯、二醋酸二丁基锡、二烷基锡二马来酸酯、硫醇二锌基锡、辛酸亚锡或异辛酸铋、月桂酸铋、新癸酸铋、环烷酸铋、氧化铋或硝酸铋中的任意一种或多种。
在本发明的一个优选实施例中，所述助剂为阻聚剂、除水剂、流平剂、消泡剂、表面活性剂、附着力促进剂、基材润湿剂、抗氧剂、紫外光吸收剂或耐黄变剂中的任意一种或多种。
抗氧剂的作用是消除刚刚产生的自由基,或者促使氢过氧化物的分解,阻止链式反应的进行。
有机化合物的热氧化过程是一系列的自由基链式反应,在热、光或氧的作用下,有机分子的化学键发生断裂,生成活泼的自由基和氢过氧化物。
氢过氧化物发生分解反应,也生成烃氧自由基和羟基自由基。这些自由基可以引发一系列的自由基链式反应,导致有机化合物的结构和性质发生根本变化。
所述紫外光吸收剂为水杨酸酯类、苯酮类、苯并三唑类、取代丙烯腈类、三嗪类或受阻胺类中的任意一种或多种。
一种单组分无溶剂光伏背板胶黏剂的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
预处理步骤：
将所述特种聚酯多元醇、聚碳酸酯二元醇、聚醚多元醇、环氧树脂按照配比添加到反应釜中，进行真空脱水反应；
将脱水后的产物降温处理后加入所述偶联剂进行搅拌；
聚合反应：
将异氰酸酯加入第一步的产物中进行反应，而后加入催化剂、助剂搅拌得所述单组分无溶剂光伏背板胶黏剂。
所述真空脱水反应的温度为110℃，所述降温处理的温度为60℃。
通过含有羟基的聚酯多元醇与异氰酸酯混合后,聚酯多元醇中的-OH基团与异氰酸酯的-NCO基团发生氨酯化反应,这种扩链反应生成网状高分子结构,从而形成牢固的粘结层。
本发明的有益效果在于：
通过形成的网状高分子结构,从而形成牢固的粘结层来有效提升背板胶的粘接性能以及耐高温、耐老化和耐候性能。
具体实施方式
为了更好的说明本发明，展现本发明的优点以及方便理解本发明的技术方案，下面将对本发明的实施例进行详细的描述，显然，所描述的实施例并不是本发明的全部实例。
实施例1：
将70份聚酯多元醇、15份聚碳酸酯多元醇、20份环氧树脂加入反应釜中加热至110℃，真空条件下脱水2h；降温至50℃加入5分硅烷偶联剂，搅拌30min得预处理产物。
加入50份2,4-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯，升温至80℃反应2h，得到聚氨酯产物。
加入0.2份有机锌酸盐催化剂、0.1份抗氧剂、0.1份紫外光吸收剂，搅拌30min得单组分无溶剂光伏背板胶P1。
实施例2：
将35份聚酯多元醇、35份特种聚酯多元醇、15份聚碳酸酯多元醇、20份环氧树脂加入反应釜中加热至110℃，真空条件下脱水2h；降温至50℃加入5分硅烷偶联剂，搅拌30min得预处理产物。
加入50份2,4-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯，升温至80℃反应2h，得到聚氨酯产物。
加入0.2份有机锌酸盐催化剂、0.1份抗氧剂、0.1份紫外光吸收剂，搅拌30min得单组分无溶剂光伏背板胶P2。
实施例3：
将35份聚酯多元醇、35份特种聚酯多元醇、15份聚碳酸酯多元醇、5份小分子二元醇、20份环氧树脂加入反应釜中加热至110℃，真空条件下脱水2h；降温至50℃加入5分硅烷偶联剂，搅拌30min得预处理产物。
加入50份2,4-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯，升温至80℃反应2h，得到聚氨酯产物。
加入0.2份有机锌酸盐催化剂、0.1份抗氧剂、0.1份紫外光吸收剂，搅拌30min得单组分无溶剂光伏背板胶P3。
实施例4：
将35份聚酯多元醇、35份特种聚酯多元醇、15份聚碳酸酯多元醇、5份小分子二元醇、20份环氧树脂加入反应釜中加热至110℃，真空条件下脱水2h；降温至50℃加入5分硅烷偶联剂，搅拌30min得预处理产物。
加入50份2,4-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯，升温至80℃反应2h，得到聚氨酯产物。
加入0.2份有机锌酸盐催化剂、0.1份抗氧剂、0.1份紫外光吸收剂，搅拌30min得单组分无溶剂光伏背板胶P4。
实施例5：
将35份聚酯多元醇、35份特种聚酯多元醇、15份聚碳酸酯多元醇、3份小分子三元醇、20份环氧树脂加入反应釜中加热至110℃，真空条件下脱水2h；降温至50℃加入5分硅烷偶联剂，搅拌30min得预处理产物。
加入25份2,4-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯，25份异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯、升温至80℃反应2h，得到聚氨酯产物。
加入0.2份有机锌酸盐催化剂、0.1份抗氧剂、0.1份紫外光吸收剂，搅拌30min得单组分无溶剂光伏背板胶P5。
实施例6：
将35份聚酯多元醇、35份特种聚酯多元醇、15份聚碳酸酯多元醇、3份小分子三元醇、20份环氧树脂、20份环氧丁烷制备的聚醚多元醇加入反应釜中加热至110℃，真空条件下脱水2h；降温至50℃加入5分硅烷偶联剂，搅拌30min得预处理产物。
加入25份2,4-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯，35份异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯、升温至80℃反应2h，得到聚氨酯产物。
加入0.2份有机锌酸盐催化剂、0.1份抗氧剂、0.1份紫外光吸收剂，搅拌30min得单组分无溶剂光伏背板胶P5。
利用实施例所述的单组分无溶剂光伏背板胶粘合PET/PVDF/PE，先复合PET/PVDF，再复合PE；而后置入45℃烘箱中熟化48h。
测试实施例1、2、3、4、5、6背板胶粘合的复合膜性能并对比。
测试方法
剥离强度测试
将复合材料裁剪成15mm×150mm的长条形样品，使用智能电子拉力试验机以100mm/min的速度进行T型剥离试验。
高温高湿老化测试
将复合材料裁剪成15mm×150mm的长条形样品，置于高压蒸煮锅中处理30min，而后取出置于80℃烘箱中老化24h。再次测试老化后样品的T型剥离强度。
耐候性测试
将复合材料裁剪成15mm×150mm的长条形样品，使用氙气耐候测试仪对样品进行老化测试，测试结束后观察材料外观，再对样品进行剥离强度测试。
恒定耐湿热老化测试
将复合材料裁剪成30mm×300mm的片状样品，置于恒温恒湿烘箱中，温度设置为100℃，相对湿度为80％，放置2000h。
测试结果如表1所示，其中剥离强度≥12N/15mm为优，剥离强度在7-12N/15mm为良，剥离强度＜7N/15mm为差；
样品外观目测完好无损为优，有少许气泡及边角起层黄变为良，多处出现气泡及边角起层黄变为差。
根据测试结果显示，实施例6相比较实施例1-5各性能都为最优，其中实施例6对比实施例1加入了特种聚酯多元醇、小分子三元醇、异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯、环氧丁烷制备的聚醚多元醇。
其中特种聚酯多元醇、环氧丁烷制备的聚醚多元醇提供了更好的耐高温湿热老化性能，小分子三元醇的加入提升交联度从而提高胶层的强度，异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯的则使得材料更不易产生黄变。
Claims (10)
1.一种单组分无溶剂光伏背板胶黏剂，由如下质量百分比组分所制备的异氰酸酯预聚体，其特征在于，包括：
所述特种聚酯多元醇、聚碳酸酯多元醇、聚醚多元醇官能度均不低于二；
所述特种聚酯多元醇为分子量在1000-4000范围内的特种聚酯多元醇。
2.如权利要求1所述的一种单组分无溶剂光伏背板胶黏剂，其特征在于，所述特种聚酯多元醇为由二元酸与多元醇进行缩聚酯化反应制得的聚酯多元醇。
3.如权利要求1所述的一种单组分无溶剂光伏背板胶黏剂，其特征在于，所述二元酸为邻苯二甲酸、间苯二甲酸、对苯二甲酸、丁二酸、己二酸活葵二酸中的一种或任意两种以上的混合。
4.如权利要求1所述的一种单组分无溶剂光伏背板胶黏剂，其特征在于，所述聚碳酸酯二元醇的分子量为1000-2000。
5.如权利要求1所述的一种单组分无溶剂光伏背板胶黏剂，其特征在于，所述聚醚多元醇为聚丙二醇、聚丙三醇、聚乙二醇、聚四氢呋喃二醇、乙二醇、二乙二醇、三乙二醇、1,4-丁二醇、新戊二醇、1,6-己二醇、三羟甲基乙烷或三羟甲基丙烷中的一种或任意两种以上的混合。
6.如权利要求1所述的一种单组分无溶剂光伏背板胶黏剂，其特征在于，所述环氧树脂为双酚A型多元醇、双酚F型多元醇、双酚S型多元醇中的任意一种与环氧丙烷或环氧乙烷缩聚产物中的一种或任意两种以上混合产物。
7.如权利要求1所述的一种单组分无溶剂光伏背板胶黏剂，其特征在于，所述异氰酸酯为4,4’-二苯甲烷二异氰酸酯、2,4’-二苯甲烷二异氰酸酯、碳化二亚胺液化的二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯、己二异氰酸酯、己二异氰酸酯三聚体、异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯或二环己基甲烷二异氰酸酯中的任意一种或多种；
所述偶联剂为乙烯基硅烷、氨基硅烷、环氧基硅烷、酰氧基硅烷、含氢硅烷、烷基硅烷、苯基硅烷、含硫硅烷或异氰酸酯基硅烷中的任意一种或多种。
8.如权利要求1所述的一种单组分无溶剂光伏背板胶黏剂，其特征在于，所述催化剂为二丁基锡二月桂酸酯、二醋酸二丁基锡、二烷基锡二马来酸酯、硫醇二锌基锡、辛酸亚锡或异辛酸铋、月桂酸铋、新癸酸铋、环烷酸铋、氧化铋或硝酸铋中的任意一种或多种；
所述助剂为阻聚剂、除水剂、流平剂、消泡剂、表面活性剂、附着力促进剂、基材润湿剂、抗氧剂、紫外光吸收剂或耐黄变剂中的任意一种或多种。
9.如权利要求1-8当中任意一项所述的一种单组分无溶剂光伏背板胶黏剂的制备方法，其特征在于，包括如下步骤：
预处理步骤：
将所述特种聚酯多元醇、聚碳酸酯二元醇、聚醚多元醇、环氧树脂按照配比添加到反应釜中，进行真空脱水反应；
将脱水后的产物降温处理后加入所述偶联剂进行搅拌；
聚合反应：
将异氰酸酯加入第一步的产物中进行反应，而后加入催化剂、助剂搅拌得所述单组分无溶剂光伏背板胶黏剂。
10.如权利要求9所述的一种单组分无溶剂光伏背板胶黏剂的制备方法，其特征在于，所述真空脱水反应的温度为110℃，所述降温处理的温度为60℃。
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| CN112646529A (zh) * | 2020-12-18 | 2021-04-13 | 上海康达化工新材料集团股份有限公司 | 一种耐高温单组分无溶剂聚氨酯胶黏剂及其制备方法及应用 |
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| CN112646529A (zh) * | 2020-12-18 | 2021-04-13 | 上海康达化工新材料集团股份有限公司 | 一种耐高温单组分无溶剂聚氨酯胶黏剂及其制备方法及应用 |
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