CN113995798B - 黑果枸杞花青素提取物及冻干粉的制备方法和在抗痛风性关节炎和降尿酸产品中的应用 - Google Patents
黑果枸杞花青素提取物及冻干粉的制备方法和在抗痛风性关节炎和降尿酸产品中的应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN113995798B CN113995798B CN202111272267.2A CN202111272267A CN113995798B CN 113995798 B CN113995798 B CN 113995798B CN 202111272267 A CN202111272267 A CN 202111272267A CN 113995798 B CN113995798 B CN 113995798B
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- lycium ruthenicum
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- anthocyanin
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- anthocyanin extract
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Abstract
本发明涉及黑果枸杞花青素提取物及其产品和应用技术领域,具体涉及黑果枸杞花青素提取物及冻干粉的制备方法和在抗痛风性关节炎和降尿酸产品中的应用,具体通过提取、高速离心和陶瓷膜过滤、有机膜脱胶和浓缩、模拟移动床色谱分离、低温浓缩、冷冻干燥及冻干粉制备几个步骤制得。本发明提供的黑果枸杞花青素提取物及冻干粉制备方法适合工业化生产,且花青素含量高、回收率高、产品色泽好,无外源性酸性物质残留。本发明提供的黑果枸杞花青素提取物及冻干粉能有效减轻MSU所致的急性痛风性关节炎的关节肿胀,改善步态,抑制血清尿酸升高,具有显著的降尿酸作用,可用于降尿酸抗痛风的功能性食品、保健食品和药品。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及黑果枸杞花青素提取物及其产品和应用技术领域,具体涉及黑果枸杞花青素提取物及冻干粉的制备方法和在抗痛风性关节炎和降尿酸产品中的应用。
背景技术
随着生活水平的日益提高及西式速食文化的冲击,高嘌呤、高蛋白食物的过量摄取导致痛风的发病率日益剧增,且罹患年龄层逐年降低。痛风性关节炎是嘌呤代谢障碍、血液尿酸浓度过高,并伴有结缔组织内尿酸盐结晶沉着,引起关节滑膜及周围组织炎症的一种终身性关节病。临床表现为高尿酸血症、痛风石形成、痛风性关节炎反复发作及关节畸形,常可累及肾脏引起各种肾脏性疾病。急性痛风性关节炎是痛风患者最常见的首发症状,患者的关节往往会出现红、肿、热、痛等,使患者活动受限,严重降低患者的生活质量。国内外治疗急性痛风性关节炎的传统药物有秋水仙碱、非甾体抗炎药、糖皮质激素、生物制剂等。这些药物虽有较好疗效,但因肾绞痛、肝功能损伤、腹泻等一系列让患者不能耐受的副作用,往往使药物选择受限,且影响疗效。痛风除了给患者带来自身痛楚外,也增加了其经济负担和心理压力。目前,痛风尚无法根治,治疗的目的主要是减轻患者痛楚,提高患者生活质量。因此,对痛风预先防护和积极治疗受到了广泛的重视。
黑果枸杞(Lycium ruthenicum Murr.),藏药中又称为“旁玛”,是茄科枸杞属多年生灌木,其生命力强,能耐盐、耐寒、抗旱,主要分布于我国青海、新疆、宁夏、西藏、陕西北部、甘肃等地。黑果枸杞被收载于《晶珠本草》《四部医典》等藏医药经典著作中,其味甘、性平、清心热,是一种药食两用植物。黑果枸杞中富含花青素和生物碱成分,花青素成分具有抗炎、抗氧化、抗衰老、抗肿瘤、保护视力等多种生理功能,是一种天然的抗氧化剂和自由基清除剂,在医药、食品、保健品、化妆行业中开发应用前景广阔。生物碱成分研究极少,除少数分析测定研究外,其化学成分、生物活性等方面的研究基本属于空白。
ZL201010542518.X“抗氧化黑果枸杞提取物制备方法”,公开了一种将黑果枸杞鲜果用水浸提、胶体磨研磨、高压均质技术、微滤陶瓷膜除杂、大孔树脂分离及喷雾干燥或冷冻干燥制备黑果枸杞提取物的方法;ZL201610548250.8“一种提取黑果枸杞花色苷的方法”,公开了一种将黑果枸杞粉用乙醇溶液混合提取、膜处理、大孔树脂纯化、减压浓缩、干燥得到黑果枸杞花色苷的制备方法;ZL201710686418.6“黑果枸杞粉在制备降尿酸或治疗痛风产品中的用途”,公开了一种粒径为300~500目的超微粉碎黑果枸杞粉在制备降尿酸的食品、药品或保健品中的用途;ZL201710686420.3“黑果枸杞多糖在制备治疗痛风产品中的用途”,公开了一种了黑果枸杞多糖在制备治疗痛风的食品、药品或保健品中的用途;ZL201710687783.9公开了一种黑果枸杞多糖在制备降尿酸的食品、药品或保健品中的用途,使用黑果枸杞多糖能够有效降低血尿酸,同时还能够很好地抑制黄嘌呤氧化酶。
现有方案黑果枸杞花青素的提取分离纯化多采用水或乙醇提取和大孔树脂吸附纯化,加工处理过程大都采用酸性乙醇溶液提取和洗脱,因此整个提取、分离纯化、浓缩、干燥过程都无法脱除加入的外源酸性物质,所得产品中含有大量的酸,导致花青素的颜色为暗红色(中性状态下花青素为蓝紫色),花青素活性降低,同时生产过程由于酸性腐蚀,导致产品增加了重金属铬污染的风险。胶体磨研磨、高压均质、超微粉碎、超声波-微波反应提取、仿生提取和超声波辅助提取等前处理、提取设备昂贵,实施产业化较为困难。另外喷雾干燥工艺的高温导致花青素分解或失活,此工艺不适合黑果枸杞花青素的生产。具有降尿酸作用的是黑果枸杞超微粉,或黑果枸杞多糖,而明确含花青素和生物碱成分的纯黑果枸杞花青素提取物的抗痛风性关节炎和降尿酸研究未见报道。
发明内容
基于上述技术问题,本发明的目的在于提供黑果枸杞花青素提取物及冻干粉的制备方法和在抗痛风性关节炎和降尿酸产品中的应用。
本发明保护黑果枸杞花青素提取物及冻干粉的制备方法,具体包括如下步骤:
步骤1,提取过程:将黑果枸杞干果粉碎加5~10倍体积去离子水浸泡、搅拌提取3~5次,得到粗黑果枸杞汁;或者黑果枸杞鲜果破碎、榨汁,残渣再每次加水榨汁提取,反复3次,合并滤液得粗黑果枸杞汁;
步骤2,高速离心和陶瓷膜过滤:将步骤1得到粗黑果枸杞汁,先用转速15000~20000r/min的离心机离心除杂,然后过50~200nm陶瓷膜澄清,得澄清黑果枸杞汁;
步骤3,有机膜脱胶和浓缩:将步骤2得到的澄清黑果枸杞汁,过截留分子量为50000~100000的超滤有机膜脱除果胶、蛋白及多糖大分子物质,加纯水清洗,收集流出液,再用截留分子量为300~5000及以下的超滤有机膜脱水浓缩,得膜浓缩液;
步骤4,模拟移动床色谱分离:将步骤3得到膜浓缩液加入模拟移动床色谱进行分离,得到黑果枸杞精细花青素分离液;
步骤5,低温浓缩:将步骤4所得的黑果枸杞精细花青素分离液,回收乙醇,并在10~50℃,真空度为-0.06MPa条件下,进行真空低温浓缩,得到黑果枸杞花青素浓缩液;
步骤6,冷冻干燥:将步骤5所得的黑果枸杞花青素浓缩液,直接冷冻干燥得到黑果枸杞花青素提取物;
步骤7,冻干粉制备:在步骤5所得的黑果枸杞花青素浓缩液,添加辅料后搅拌混匀,再冷冻干燥得到黑果枸杞花青素冻干粉。
进一步的,所述步骤4中模拟移动床分离方法为:模拟移动床色谱填充的吸附剂为:非极性大孔吸附树脂:D101、D101b、DA-201、DM-301、DM-11、HPD-100、HPD-450、HPD-750、D1400、D1300、D3520、D4006、D4020、HP-20、H-103、H107、X-5、ADS-5、ADS-8、BS-55、BS-65、BS-80、NKA-2及NKA-9;弱极性大孔树脂:AB-8、DM130、D860021、DS-401、BS-30、CAD-40及CAD-45;极性大孔树脂:ADS-F8、ADS-21、ADS-7、ADS-17、BS-75、BS-45、S-8、NKA-2及NKA-9中的任意一种或者几种,吸附区流速1~2BV/h;水洗区为纯化水,其用量为树脂体积的1~2倍,流速为1~3BV/h;解吸剂为5~90%的乙醇溶液,其用量是树脂体积的2~4倍,流速1~3BV/h;树脂再生溶剂为95%乙醇溶液,用量是树脂的1倍;流速2~3BV/h。
进一步的,所述步骤6中采用冷冻干燥机在-50~-70℃条件下冷冻干燥得到黑果枸杞花青素提取物。
进一步的,所述步骤7中所添加辅料为淀粉、麦芽糊精、低聚果糖、低聚半乳糖、乳糖、菊粉、β-环糊精、无水葡萄糖、聚葡萄糖、乳粉、柠檬酸钙、木糖醇、山梨糖醇、D-甘露糖醇中的一种,再采用冷冻干燥机,在-50~-70℃条件下,冷冻干燥得到黑果枸杞花青素冻干粉。
本发明还保护上述方法制备的黑果枸杞花青素提取物及冻干粉,其中,所述黑枸杞花青素提取物及冻干粉中的含有以下一种或几种的或全部的化学成分为:N-trans-sinapoyltyramine、(E)-N-(4-Acetamidobutyl)-2-[4,5-dihydroxy-2-[3-[2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethylamino]-3-oxopropyl]-phenyl]-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)prop-2-enamide、(1S,2R)-N3-(4-Acetamidobutyl)-1-(3,4-dihydroxy-phenyl)-7-hydroxy-N2-(4-hydroxyphenethyl)-6,8-dimethoxy-1,2-dihydro-naphthalene-2,3-dicarboxamide、petunidin3-O-[6-O-(4-O-(4-O-trans-(β-D-glucopyranoside)-p-coumaroyl)-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl)-β-D-glucopyranoside]-5-O-[β-D-glucopyranoside]]、N,N-dihydrocaffeoylspermidine、N-caffeoyl-N-hydrocaffeoylspermidine、N-hydrocaffeoyl-N-caffeoylspermidine、petunidin-3-O-(6-O-p-coumaryl)-rutinoside-5-O-glucoside、Malvidin-3-O-rutinoside(cis-p-coumaroyl)-5-O-gIucoside、petunidin-3-O-rutinoside(caffeoyl)-5-O-glucoside和malvidin-3-O-rutinoside(cis-p-coumaroyl)-5-O-gIucoside;
所述化学成分为的结构式依次为:
进一步的,所述黑果枸杞花青素提取物及冻干粉中花青素含量为0.1~90%,总生物碱含量为0.1~90%。
本发明还保护上述制备方法制备的黑果枸杞花青素提取物及冻干粉在抗痛风性关节炎和降尿酸产品中的应用;所述的抗痛风性关节炎和降尿酸产品为食品、保健食品或药品,具体将黑果枸杞花青素提取物和/或冻干粉作为有效成分,按药学上可接受的任何载体制成各类剂型药品,或按食品科学上可接受的任何载体制成各类食品或保健食品。
进一步的,所述食品、保健食品或药品的剂型为粉剂、片剂或者胶囊剂。
进一步的,所述食品为黑果枸杞花青素固体饮料、所述保健食品为黑果枸杞花青素压片糖果;所述药品为黑果枸杞花青素胶囊药品。
相比于现有的技术,本发明具有如下有益效果:
本发明提供的黑果枸杞花青素提取物及冻干粉制备方法适合工业化生产,且制备过程绿色、无污染,制备得到的提取物和冻干粉中花青素含量高,无需添加外源酸,完全保持了黑果枸杞花青素的天然属性,且脱除了原料中的重金属和农药残留等有害物质。制备的黑果枸杞花青素提取物能有效减轻MSU所致的急性痛风性关节炎的关节肿胀,改善步态,抑制血清尿酸升高,具有显著的抗痛风性关节炎和降尿酸功效。且现有的降尿酸作用的药物组合物中,均未明确含花青素和生物碱成分的纯黑果枸杞花青素提取物的抗痛风性关节炎和降尿酸的研究。
附图说明
图1为本发明制备的11种黑果枸杞花青素提取物的化学成分结构图;
图2为本发明实施例1所得黑果枸杞花青素提取物的HPLC图;
图3为本发明实施例1所得黑果枸杞花青素提取物的HPLC/MS-MS分析离子流图;
图4为本发明实施例1所得黑果枸杞花青素提取物模拟移动床分离图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合实施例对本发明的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
本发明实施例中所用黑果枸杞原料由青海金麦杞生物科技有限公司提供,采购于青海省格尔木市。
试验设备:CSJ-20粗碎机(江阴方圆机械制造有限公司),ZD-LZ-1.5榨汁机(中德食品机械靖江有限公司),提取设备(浙江温兄机械阀业有限公司),GQ105B管式离心机(上海浦东天本离心机械有限公司),PTSX40蝶式离心机(宜兴市华鼎机械有限公司),SMB-H-08-A模拟移动床(汉邦科技有限公司),GLZ-1B冷冻干燥机(上海浦东冷冻干燥设备有限公司),SCIENTZ-10冷冻干燥机(宁波新芝生物科技股份有限公司),ZPSX压片机(上海祥顺制药机械有限公司),NJP-300全自动胶囊填充机(瑞安市天宏制药机械有限公司)。
实验仪器:PV-200足趾容积测量仪(成都泰盟科技有限公司),ECA522型电子天平(南京伯尼塔科学仪器有限公司),ECC2201型电子天平(南京伯尼塔科学仪器有限公司),紫外-可见光分光光度计(北京普析通用仪器有限责任公司),SpectraMax190酶标仪(美国MD公司);台式高速冷冻离心机(Eppendorf5424R)。
实验试剂:黑果枸杞花青素提取物(青海金麦杞生物科技有限公司提供,批号20201001);DPPH(美国sigma公司),抗坏血酸素(VC)、吩嗪硫酸甲酯(PMS)均购自阿拉丁;还原型辅酶Ⅰ(NADH)、硝基四氮唑蓝(NBT)均购自碧云天;30%H2O2、硫酸铁、水杨酸均购自天津大茂试剂公司;秋水仙碱片(0.5mg/片,批号171202、121706,西双版纳版纳药业有限责任公司产品);生理盐水(批号C17010902,河北天成药业股份有限公司产品);羧甲基纤维素钠(批号20110520,上海科丰化学试剂有限公司产品);微晶型尿酸钠(批号20141031,天津药物研究院新药评价有限公司);LESINURAD(批号MYB16041402,上海再启生物技术有限公司)。
动物:SD大鼠,SPF级,北京维通利华实验动物技术有限公司提供,许可证号:SCXK(京)2016-0006。
实施例1
黑果枸杞花青素提取物的制备方法,具体包括如下步骤:
步骤1,提取过程:将30Kg黑果枸杞干果粉碎后,投入200L提取设备中,加5~10倍体积的去离子水浸泡、搅拌提取3~5次,得到粗黑果枸杞汁;
步骤2,高速离心和陶瓷膜过滤:将步骤1得到粗黑果枸杞汁,先用转速20000r/min的高速离心机离心除杂,然后过50nm陶瓷膜澄清,得澄清黑果枸杞汁约800L;
步骤3,有机膜脱胶和浓缩:将步骤2得到的澄清黑果枸杞汁,过截留分子量为50000的超滤有机膜脱除果胶、蛋白及多糖大分子物质,加3~5倍体积的纯水清洗,收集流出液,再用截留分子量为300的超滤有机膜脱水浓缩,得膜浓缩液15L左右;
步骤4,模拟移动床色谱分离:将步骤3得到膜浓缩液加入模拟移动床色谱进行分离,得到250L黑果枸杞精细花青素分离液;其中,模拟移动床分离方法为:模拟移动床色谱填充的吸附剂为:HPD-100:DM130:ADS-21=2:2:1混合树脂,吸附区流速1~2BV/h;水洗区为纯化水,其用量为树脂体积的1.5倍,流速为2BV/h;解吸剂为30~60%的乙醇溶液,其用量是树脂体积的3倍,流速1~2BV/h;树脂再生溶剂为95%乙醇溶液,用量是树脂的1倍;流速2~3BV/h;
步骤5,低温浓缩:将步骤4所得的黑果枸杞精细花青素分离液,回收乙醇,并在10℃,真空度为-0.06MPa条件下,进行真空低温浓缩,得到黑果枸杞花青素浓缩液约25Kg;
步骤6,冷冻干燥:将步骤5所得的黑果枸杞花青素浓缩液,采用冷冻干燥机在-50~-70℃条件下,直接冷冻干燥得到黑果枸杞花青素提取物约1.2Kg。
pH示差法测定上述黑果枸杞花青素提取物中花青素含量为56.0%,分光光度法测定总生物碱含量为5.5%。
黑果枸杞花青素提取物对有机自由基(DPPH·)的清除能力为92.9%,对超氧阴离子(·O2-)自由基清除能力为86.6%,对羟自由基(·OH)清除能力为96.3%。
经HPLC-MS/MS分析,黑果枸杞花青素提取物中含化学成分1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9、10和11,结构式详见附图1。
实施例2
黑果枸杞花青素提取物的制备方法,具体包括如下步骤:
步骤1,提取过程:将32Kg黑果枸杞干果粉碎后,投入200L提取设备中,加5~10倍体积的去离子水浸泡、搅拌提取3~5次,得到粗黑果枸杞汁;
步骤2,高速离心和陶瓷膜过滤:将步骤1得到粗黑果枸杞汁,先用转速20000r/min的高速离心机离心除杂,然后过100nm陶瓷膜澄清,得澄清黑果枸杞汁约800L;
步骤3,有机膜脱胶和浓缩:将步骤2得到的澄清黑果枸杞汁,过截留分子量为100000的超滤有机膜脱除果胶、蛋白及多糖大分子物质,加3~5倍体积的纯水清洗,收集流出液,再用截留分子量为5000的超滤有机膜脱水浓缩,得膜浓缩液15L左右;
步骤4,模拟移动床色谱分离:将步骤3得到膜浓缩液加入模拟移动床色谱进行分离,得到260L黑果枸杞精细花青素分离液;其中,模拟移动床分离方法为:模拟移动床色谱填充的吸附剂为:AB-8大孔树脂,吸附区流速1~2BV/h;水洗区为纯化水,其用量为树脂体积的1.5倍,流速为2BV/h;解吸剂为30~60%的乙醇溶液,其用量是树脂体积的3倍,流速1~2BV/h;树脂再生溶剂为95%乙醇溶液,用量是树脂的1倍;流速2~3BV/h;
步骤5,低温浓缩:将步骤4所得的黑果枸杞精细花青素分离液,回收乙醇,并在50℃,真空度为-0.06MPa条件下,进行真空低温浓缩,得到黑果枸杞花青素浓缩液约22Kg;
步骤6,冷冻干燥:将步骤5所得的黑果枸杞花青素浓缩液,采用冷冻干燥机在-50~-70℃条件下,直接冷冻干燥得到黑果枸杞花青素提取物约0.69Kg。
pH示差法测定上述黑果枸杞花青素提取物中花青素含量为88.6%,分光光度法测定总生物碱含量为0.12%。
黑果枸杞花青素提取物对有机自由基(DPPH·)的清除能力为92.9%,对超氧阴离子(·O2-)自由基清除能力为86.6%,对羟自由基(·OH)清除能力为96.3%。
经HPLC-MS/MS分析,黑果枸杞花青素提取物中含化学成分4、8、9、10和11,结构式详见附图1。
实施例3
黑果枸杞花青素提取物的制备方法,具体包括如下步骤:
步骤1,提取过程:将35Kg黑果枸杞干果粉碎后,投入200L提取设备中,加5~10倍体积的去离子水浸泡、搅拌提取3~5次,得到粗黑果枸杞汁;
步骤2,高速离心和陶瓷膜过滤:将步骤1得到粗黑果枸杞汁,先用转速20000r/min的高速离心机离心除杂,然后过200nm陶瓷膜澄清,得澄清黑果枸杞汁约870L;
步骤3,有机膜脱胶和浓缩:将步骤2得到的澄清黑果枸杞汁,过截留分子量为50000的超滤有机膜脱除果胶、蛋白及多糖大分子物质,加3~5倍体积的纯水清洗,收集流出液,再用截留分子量为1000的超滤有机膜脱水浓缩,得膜浓缩液17L左右;
步骤4,模拟移动床色谱分离:将步骤3得到膜浓缩液加入模拟移动床色谱进行分离,得到280L黑果枸杞精细花青素分离液;其中,模拟移动床分离方法为:模拟移动床色谱填充的吸附剂为:AB-8:NKA-9=1:1混合树脂,吸附区流速1~2BV/h;水洗区为纯化水,其用量为树脂体积的1.5倍,流速为2BV/h;解吸剂为20~50%的乙醇溶液,其用量是树脂体积的3倍,流速1~2BV/h;树脂再生溶剂为95%乙醇溶液,用量是树脂的1倍;流速2~3BV/h;
步骤5,低温浓缩:将步骤4所得的黑果枸杞精细花青素分离液,回收乙醇,并在20℃,真空度为-0.06MPa条件下,进行真空低温浓缩,得到黑果枸杞花青素浓缩液约26Kg;
步骤6,冷冻干燥:将步骤5所得的黑果枸杞花青素浓缩液,采用冷冻干燥机在-50~-70℃条件下,直接冷冻干燥得到黑果枸杞花青素提取物约1.26Kg。
pH示差法测定上述黑果枸杞花青素提取物中花青素含量为32.6%,分光光度法测定总生物碱含量为18.2%。
黑果枸杞花青素提取物对有机自由基(DPPH·)的清除能力为82.3%,对超氧阴离子(·O2-)自由基清除能力为75.6%,对羟自由基(·OH)清除能力为82.9%。
经HPLC-MS/MS分析,黑果枸杞花青素提取物中含化学成分1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9、10和11,结构式详见附图1。
实施例4
黑果枸杞花青素提取物的制备方法,具体包括如下步骤:
步骤1,提取过程:将150Kg黑果枸杞鲜果破碎、榨汁,残渣再每次加200L水榨汁提取,反复3次,合并滤液得粗黑果枸杞汁约750L;
步骤2,高速离心和陶瓷膜过滤:将步骤1得到粗黑果枸杞汁,先用转速15000r/min的蝶式离心机离心除杂,然后过50nm陶瓷膜澄清,得澄清黑果枸杞汁约850L;
步骤3,有机膜脱胶和浓缩:将步骤2得到的澄清黑果枸杞汁,过截留分子量为50000的超滤有机膜脱除果胶、蛋白及多糖大分子物质,加3~5倍体积的纯水清洗,收集流出液,再用截留分子量为5000的超滤有机膜脱水浓缩,得膜浓缩液13L左右;
步骤4,模拟移动床色谱分离:将步骤3得到膜浓缩液加入模拟移动床色谱进行分离,得到180L黑果枸杞精细花青素分离液;其中,模拟移动床分离方法为:模拟移动床色谱填充的吸附剂为:DS-401:BS-75=1:2混合树脂,吸附区流速1~2BV/h;水洗区为纯化水,其用量为树脂体积的1.5倍,流速为2BV/h;解吸剂为15~45%的乙醇溶液,其用量是树脂体积的3倍,流速1~2BV/h;树脂再生溶剂为95%乙醇溶液,用量是树脂的1倍;流速2~3BV/h;
步骤5,低温浓缩:将步骤4所得的黑果枸杞精细花青素分离液,回收乙醇,并在25℃,真空度为-0.06MPa条件下,进行真空低温浓缩,得到黑果枸杞花青素浓缩液约15Kg;
步骤6,冷冻干燥:将步骤5所得的黑果枸杞花青素浓缩液,采用冷冻干燥机在-50~-70℃条件下,直接冷冻干燥得到黑果枸杞花青素提取物约0.46Kg。
pH示差法测定上述黑果枸杞花青素提取物中花青素含量为15.2%,分光光度法测定总生物碱含量为75.6%。
黑果枸杞花青素提取物对有机自由基(DPPH·)的清除能力为77.8%,对超氧阴离子(·O2-)自由基清除能力为66.5%,对羟自由基(·OH)清除能力为82.3%。
经HPLC-MS/MS分析,黑果枸杞花青素提取物中含化学成分1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9、10和11,结构式详见附图1。
实施例5
黑果枸杞花青素提取物的制备方法,具体包括如下步骤:
步骤1,提取过程:将180Kg黑果枸杞鲜果破碎、榨汁,残渣再每次加200L水榨汁提取,反复3次,合并滤液得粗黑果枸杞汁约830L;
步骤2,高速离心和陶瓷膜过滤:将步骤1得到粗黑果枸杞汁,先用转速15000r/min的蝶式离心机离心除杂,然后过50nm陶瓷膜澄清,得澄清黑果枸杞汁约950L;
步骤3,有机膜脱胶和浓缩:将步骤2得到的澄清黑果枸杞汁,过截留分子量为50000的超滤有机膜脱除果胶、蛋白及多糖大分子物质,加3~5倍体积的纯水清洗,收集流出液,再用截留分子量为5000的超滤有机膜脱水浓缩,得膜浓缩液18L左右;
步骤4,模拟移动床色谱分离:将步骤3得到膜浓缩液加入模拟移动床色谱进行分离,得到80L黑果枸杞精细花青素分离液;其中,模拟移动床分离方法为:模拟移动床色谱填充的吸附剂为:NKA-2树脂,吸附区流速1~2BV/h;水洗区为纯化水,其用量为树脂体积的1.5倍,流速为2BV/h;解吸剂为5~25%的乙醇溶液,其用量是树脂体积的3倍,流速1~2BV/h;树脂再生溶剂为95%乙醇溶液,用量是树脂的1倍;流速2~3BV/h;
步骤5,低温浓缩:将步骤4所得的黑果枸杞精细花青素分离液,回收乙醇,并在30℃,真空度为-0.06MPa条件下,进行真空低温浓缩,得到黑果枸杞花青素浓缩液约8Kg;
步骤6,冷冻干燥:将步骤5所得的黑果枸杞花青素浓缩液,采用冷冻干燥机在-50~-70℃条件下,直接冷冻干燥得到黑果枸杞花青素提取物约0.22Kg。
pH示差法测定上述黑果枸杞花青素提取物中花青素含量为3.2%,分光光度法测定总生物碱含量为89.2%。
黑果枸杞花青素提取物对有机自由基(DPPH·)的清除能力为62.8%,对超氧阴离子(·O2-)自由基清除能力为56.5%,对羟自由基(·OH)清除能力为72.6%。
经HPLC-MS/MS分析,黑果枸杞花青素提取物中含化学成分1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8和10,结构式详见附图1。
实施例6
黑果枸杞花青素冻干粉的制备方法,具体包括如下步骤:
步骤1,提取过程:将40Kg黑果枸杞干果粉碎后,投入200L提取设备中,加5~10倍体积的去离子水浸泡、搅拌提取3~5次,得到粗黑果枸杞汁;
步骤2,高速离心和陶瓷膜过滤:将步骤1得到粗黑果枸杞汁,先用转速20000r/min的高速离心机离心除杂,然后过50nm陶瓷膜澄清,得澄清黑果枸杞汁约960L;
步骤3,有机膜脱胶和浓缩:将步骤2得到的澄清黑果枸杞汁,过截留分子量为50000的超滤有机膜脱除果胶、蛋白及多糖大分子物质,加3~5倍体积的纯水清洗,收集流出液,再用截留分子量为5000的超滤有机膜脱水浓缩,得膜浓缩液20L左右;
步骤4,模拟移动床色谱分离:将步骤3得到膜浓缩液加入模拟移动床色谱进行分离,得到320L黑果枸杞精细花青素分离液;其中,模拟移动床分离方法为:模拟移动床色谱填充的吸附剂为:HP750:D860021:ADS-7=1:1:1混合树脂,吸附区流速1~2BV/h;水洗区为纯化水,其用量为树脂体积的1.5倍,流速为2BV/h;解吸剂为20~50%的乙醇溶液,其用量是树脂体积的3倍,流速1~2BV/h;树脂再生溶剂为95%乙醇溶液,用量是树脂的1倍;流速2~3BV/h;
步骤5,低温浓缩:将步骤4所得的黑果枸杞精细花青素分离液,回收乙醇,并在35℃,真空度为-0.06MPa条件下,进行真空低温浓缩,得到黑果枸杞花青素浓缩液约28Kg;
步骤6,冻干粉制备:在步骤5所得的黑果枸杞花青素浓缩液,添加10Kg乳糖后搅拌混匀,得花青素乳糖混合液约38Kg,再采用冷冻干燥机,在-50~-70℃条件下,冷冻干燥得到黑果枸杞花青素冻干粉约12.5Kg。
pH示差法测定上述黑果枸杞花青素冻干粉中花青素含量为8.6%,分光光度法测定总生物碱含量为1.8%。
黑果枸杞花青素冻干粉对有机自由基(DPPH·)的清除能力为75.4%,对超氧阴离子(·O2-)自由基清除能力为65.6%,对羟自由基(·OH)清除能力为68.5%。
经HPLC-MS/MS分析,黑果枸杞花青素冻干粉中含化学成分1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9和10,结构式详见附图1。
实施例7
黑果枸杞花青素冻干粉的制备方法,具体包括如下步骤:
步骤1,提取过程:将200Kg黑果枸杞鲜果破碎、榨汁,残渣再每次加220L水榨汁提取,反复3次,合并滤液得粗黑果枸杞汁约900L;
步骤2,高速离心和陶瓷膜过滤:将步骤1得到粗黑果枸杞汁,先用转速15000r/min的蝶式离心机离心除杂,然后过50nm陶瓷膜澄清,得澄清黑果枸杞汁约950L;
步骤3,有机膜脱胶和浓缩:将步骤2得到的澄清黑果枸杞汁,过截留分子量为50000的超滤有机膜脱除果胶、蛋白及多糖大分子物质,加3~5倍体积的纯水清洗,收集流出液,再用截留分子量为5000的超滤有机膜脱水浓缩,得膜浓缩液22L左右;
步骤4,模拟移动床色谱分离:将步骤3得到膜浓缩液加入模拟移动床色谱进行分离,得到120L黑果枸杞精细花青素分离液;其中,模拟移动床分离方法为:模拟移动床色谱填充的吸附剂为:CAD-40:BS-45=1:1混合树脂,吸附区流速1~2BV/h;水洗区为纯化水,其用量为树脂体积的1.5倍,流速为2BV/h;解吸剂为15~40%的乙醇溶液,其用量是树脂体积的3倍,流速1~2BV/h;树脂再生溶剂为95%乙醇溶液,用量是树脂的1倍;流速2~3BV/h;
步骤5,低温浓缩:将步骤4所得的黑果枸杞精细花青素分离液,回收乙醇,并在40℃,真空度为-0.06MPa条件下,进行真空低温浓缩,得到黑果枸杞花青素浓缩液约22Kg;
步骤6,冻干粉制备:在步骤5所得的黑果枸杞花青素浓缩液,添加15Kg低聚果糖后搅拌混匀,得花青素低聚果糖混合液约37Kg,再采用冷冻干燥机,在-50~-70℃条件下,冷冻干燥得到黑果枸杞花青素冻干粉约16.5Kg。
pH示差法测定上述黑果枸杞花青素冻干粉中花青素含量为5.5%,分光光度法测定总生物碱含量为3.2%。
黑果枸杞花青素冻干粉对有机自由基(DPPH·)的清除能力为70.6%,对超氧阴离子(·O2-)自由基清除能力为61.2%,对羟自由基(·OH)清除能力为65.8%。
经HPLC-MS/MS分析,黑果枸杞花青素冻干粉中含化学成分1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9和10,结构式详见附图1。
实施例8
黑果枸杞花青素提取物对急性痛风性关节炎大鼠踝关节容积的影响。
采用微晶型尿酸钠(MSU)诱导大鼠急性痛风性关节炎实验模型
选用健康雄性SD大鼠60只,体重(185-210)g,按体重随机分组,分别为正常对照组、模型对照组、阳性药秋水仙碱1mg/kg剂量组、黑果枸杞花青素提取物1、4g生药/kg剂量组,共5组,每组12只,各组动物均分为2批(1-6号为第一批,7-12号为第二批)。灌胃给药,每天一次,灌胃容积均为10ml/kg体重,正常及模型对照组给予等容量蒸馏水,阳性药在试验结束前5天灌胃给予。给药2周(详见表1),取各组第一批大鼠进行实验,先测定右踝关节容积,然后除正常对照组右踝关节背侧注射生理盐水0.2ml外,其余各组均在右踝关节背侧(关节伸直45度进针),将0.2ml MSU混悬液50mg/mL注入关节腔造模。分别测定造模后6h(末次给药后2h)、24h、48h大鼠右踝关节容积,观察踝关节肿胀度变化(踝关节肿胀度=造模后踝关节容积-造模前踝关节容积),并记录各时间点步态;给药4周,取第二批动物同上方法进行实验;每批大鼠测定完成后均继续给药(详见表2)。
数据均以表示,以SPSS16.0软件进行数据统计分析,采用t检验进行组间比较,有等级关系的采用等级序值法进行显著性检验。
实验结果
表1黑果枸杞花青素提取物对急性痛风性关节炎大鼠踝关节容积的影响
注:与正常对照组比较:ΔΔP<0.01;与模型对照组比较:*P<0.05,**P<0.01.
表2黑果枸杞花青素提取物对急性痛风性关节炎大鼠踝关节容积的影响
注:与正常对照组比较:ΔΔP<0.01;与模型对照组比较:*P<0.05,**P<0.01.
结果显示,与正常对照组比较,模型对照组踝关节容积明显增加模型成功。与模型对照组比较,给药2周,黑果枸杞花青素提取物4g生药/kg剂量组能明显减轻造模后6h的踝关节肿胀;给药4周,1、4g生药/kg剂量组均能明显减轻造模后6h、24h踝关节肿胀,并随剂量增加,作用增强。表明黑果枸杞花青素提取物对急性痛风性关节炎有明显的预防作用。
实施例9
黑果枸杞花青素提取物对急性痛风性关节炎大鼠步态的影响
实验方法同实施例8。大鼠步态分级:0级:正常行走;1级:轻微跛行,受试下肢略有弯曲;2级:中度跛行,受试下肢刚触及地面;3级:重度跛行,受试下肢离开地面,三足着地行走。数据均以表示,以SPSS16.0软件进行数据统计分析,采用t检验进行组间比较,有等级关系的采用等级序值法进行显著性检验。
表3黑果枸杞花青素对急性痛风性关节炎大鼠步态的影响(给药2周)
注:不同分级下的数为各剂量组达到此分级的动物数,采用等级序值法进行统计分析。
表4黑果枸杞花青素提取物对急性痛风性关节炎大鼠步态的影响(给药4周)
注:不同分级下的数为各剂量组达到此分级的动物数,采用等级序值法进行统计分析。
结果显示,与正常对照组比较,模型对照组踝跛行较重,模型成功。与模型对照组比较,给药2周,黑果枸杞花青素提取物4g生药/kg剂量组能明显改善步态;给药4周,1、4g生药/kg剂量组均能明显改善造模后6h步态,4g生药/kg剂量组还能明显改善造模后24h步态,并随剂量增加,作用增强。表明黑果枸杞花青素提取物对急性痛风性关节炎有明显的预防作用。
实施例10
黑果枸杞花青素对急性痛风性关节炎大鼠高尿酸血症的影响
微晶型尿酸钠(MSU)诱导大鼠急性痛风性关节炎实验模型前四周造模给药同实施例2,给药5周,阳性药秋水仙碱组换成LESINURAD 40mg/kg(测定前连续给药3天),末次给药后测定喂食2.5%氧嗪酸钾饲料后2h、3h血清尿酸,观察药物的作用。
数据均以表示,以SPSS16.0软件进行数据统计分析,采用t检验进行组间比较,有等级关系的采用等级序值法进行显著性检验。表5黑果枸杞花青素对急性痛风性关节炎大鼠高尿酸血症的影响(给药5周,)
注:与正常对照组比较:ΔΔP<0.01;与模型对照组比较:*P<0.05,**P<0.01.
结果显示,与正常组比较,模型组大鼠喂食2.5%氧嗪酸钾饲料后2h、3h血清尿酸明显升高,已形成高尿酸血症,模型成功;与模型组比较,黑果枸杞花青素提取物1、4g生药/kg剂量组均能明显抑制血清尿酸的升高。表明黑果枸杞花青素提取物对急性痛风性关节炎有明显的预防作用。
实施例11
一种黑果枸杞花青素固体饮料食品
实施例3制备得到的黑果枸杞花青素提取物中加入20%麦芽糊精、0.3%羧甲基纤维素钠、5%蔗糖或木糖醇,用CH-200槽型混合机混匀,以常规方法制粒,即得黑果枸杞花青素固体饮料。
实施例12
一种黑果枸杞花青素压片糖果保健食品
实施例6制备得到的黑果枸杞花青素冻干粉中加入20%麦芽糖醇或木糖醇或阿巴斯甜或甜菊糖苷、15%微晶纤维素和5%硬质酸镁,用CH-200槽型混合机混匀,干法制粒,再用十冲头压片机(ZPSX)进行压片处理(压力40-60KN),得到压片糖果。
实施例13
一种黑果枸杞花青素胶囊药品
实施例1得到的黑果枸杞花青素提取物或实施例6制备得到的黑果枸杞花青素冻干粉中加30~50%乳糖或预胶化淀粉、2%硬脂酸镁、5%滑石粉或微粉硅胶,用CH-200槽型混合机混匀,干法制粒,再用NJP-300胶囊填充机灌装,得到胶囊。
尽管已经示出和描述了本发明的实施例,对于本领域的普通技术人员而言,可以理解在不脱离本发明的原理和精神的情况下可以对这些实施例进行多种变化、修改、替换和变型,本发明的范围由所附权利要求及其等同物限定。
Claims (3)
1.黑果枸杞花青素提取物的制备方法,具体包括如下步骤:
步骤1,提取过程:将32Kg黑果枸杞干果粉碎后,投入200L提取设备中,加5~10倍体积的去离子水浸泡、搅拌提取3~5次,得到粗黑果枸杞汁;
步骤2,高速离心和陶瓷膜过滤:将步骤1得到粗黑果枸杞汁,先用转速20000r/min的高速离心机离心除杂,然后过100nm陶瓷膜澄清,得澄清黑果枸杞汁;
步骤3,有机膜脱胶和浓缩:将步骤2得到的澄清黑果枸杞汁,过截留分子量为100000的超滤有机膜脱除果胶、蛋白及多糖大分子物质,加3~5倍体积的纯水清洗,收集流出液,再用截留分子量为 5000的超滤有机膜脱水浓缩,得膜浓缩液15L;
步骤4,模拟移动床色谱分离:将步骤3得到膜浓缩液加入模拟移动床色谱进行分离,得到260L黑果枸杞精细花青素分离液;其中,模拟移动床分离方法为:模拟移动床色谱填充的吸附剂为:AB-8大孔树脂,吸附区流速1~2BV/h;水洗区为纯化水,其用量为树脂体积的1.5倍,流速为2BV/h;解吸剂为30~60%的乙醇溶液,其用量是树脂体积的3倍,流速1~2BV/h;树脂再生溶剂为95%乙醇溶液,用量是树脂的1倍;流速2~3BV/h;
步骤5,低温浓缩:将步骤4所得的黑果枸杞精细花青素分离液,回收乙醇,并在50℃,真空度为-0.06MPa条件下,进行真空低温浓缩,得到黑果枸杞花青素浓缩液;
步骤6,冷冻干燥:将步骤5所得的黑果枸杞花青素浓缩液,采用冷冻干燥机在-50~-70℃条件下,直接冷冻干燥得到黑果枸杞花青素提取物。
2.权利要求1所述的制备方法制备得到的黑果枸杞花青素提取物在制备抗痛风性关节炎和降尿酸药物中的应用,具体将黑果枸杞花青素提取物作为有效成分,按药学上可接受的任何载体制成各类剂型药品。
3.根据权利要求2所述的应用,其特征在于:所述药品的剂型为粉剂、片剂或者胶囊剂。
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