CN113995058A - Coated amino acid and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Coated amino acid and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN113995058A CN113995058A CN202111184219.8A CN202111184219A CN113995058A CN 113995058 A CN113995058 A CN 113995058A CN 202111184219 A CN202111184219 A CN 202111184219A CN 113995058 A CN113995058 A CN 113995058A
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- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 132
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 150000004671 saturated fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 claims abstract 3
- 238000001694 spray drying Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 229920002907 Guar gum Polymers 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000665 guar gum Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 229960002154 guar gum Drugs 0.000 claims description 14
- 235000010417 guar gum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000004475 Arginine Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- FFEARJCKVFRZRR-BYPYZUCNSA-N L-methionine Chemical compound CSCC[C@H](N)C(O)=O FFEARJCKVFRZRR-BYPYZUCNSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- COLNVLDHVKWLRT-QMMMGPOBSA-N L-phenylalanine Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](N)CC1=CC=CC=C1 COLNVLDHVKWLRT-QMMMGPOBSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- ODKSFYDXXFIFQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N arginine Natural products OC(=O)C(N)CCCNC(N)=N ODKSFYDXXFIFQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 229930182817 methionine Natural products 0.000 claims description 12
- COLNVLDHVKWLRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenylalanine Natural products OC(=O)C(N)CC1=CC=CC=C1 COLNVLDHVKWLRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- ODKSFYDXXFIFQN-BYPYZUCNSA-P L-argininium(2+) Chemical compound NC(=[NH2+])NCCC[C@H]([NH3+])C(O)=O ODKSFYDXXFIFQN-BYPYZUCNSA-P 0.000 claims description 11
- 241000238557 Decapoda Species 0.000 claims description 9
- POULHZVOKOAJMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O POULHZVOKOAJMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000005639 Lauric acid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- GHVNFZFCNZKVNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N decanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC(O)=O GHVNFZFCNZKVNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000005632 Capric acid (CAS 334-48-5) Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- KDXKERNSBIXSRK-YFKPBYRVSA-N L-lysine Chemical compound NCCCC[C@H](N)C(O)=O KDXKERNSBIXSRK-YFKPBYRVSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- KDXKERNSBIXSRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lysine Natural products NCCCCC(N)C(O)=O KDXKERNSBIXSRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004472 Lysine Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000021314 Palmitic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- WQEPLUUGTLDZJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Pentadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O WQEPLUUGTLDZJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- TUNFSRHWOTWDNC-HKGQFRNVSA-N tetradecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCC[14C](O)=O TUNFSRHWOTWDNC-HKGQFRNVSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000009360 aquaculture Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 244000144974 aquaculture Species 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 abstract description 25
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 15
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 15
- 210000001035 gastrointestinal tract Anatomy 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000003674 animal food additive Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 235000018102 proteins Nutrition 0.000 description 25
- 241000209094 Oryza Species 0.000 description 20
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 16
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 13
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 12
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 9
- 241000238552 Penaeus monodon Species 0.000 description 9
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 7
- TWJNQYPJQDRXPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-cyanobenzohydrazide Chemical compound NNC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C#N TWJNQYPJQDRXPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 235000021360 Myristic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- TUNFSRHWOTWDNC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Myristic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O TUNFSRHWOTWDNC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000004584 weight gain Effects 0.000 description 5
- 235000019786 weight gain Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000006228 supernatant Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000009697 arginine Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000037396 body weight Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 2
- 244000144972 livestock Species 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000006109 methionine Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000008729 phenylalanine Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229910021642 ultra pure water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000012498 ultrapure water Substances 0.000 description 2
- IIZPXYDJLKNOIY-JXPKJXOSSA-N 1-palmitoyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](COP([O-])(=O)OCC[N+](C)(C)C)OC(=O)CCC\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/CCCCC IIZPXYDJLKNOIY-JXPKJXOSSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001817 Agar Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000019733 Fish meal Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 108010010803 Gelatin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108010064851 Plant Proteins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 240000004808 Saccharomyces cerevisiae Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000019764 Soybean Meal Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008272 agar Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- -1 compound vitamin Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 102000038379 digestive enzymes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108091007734 digestive enzymes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004467 fishmeal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013312 flour Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002496 gastric effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008273 gelatin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000159 gelatin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000019322 gelatine Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000011852 gelatine desserts Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004676 glycans Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000787 lecithin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010445 lecithin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940067606 lecithin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000012054 meals Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000021118 plant-derived protein Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920001282 polysaccharide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005017 polysaccharide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004455 soybean meal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011782 vitamin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940088594 vitamin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229930003231 vitamin Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 235000013343 vitamin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/80—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for aquatic animals, e.g. fish, crustaceans or molluscs
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/142—Amino acids; Derivatives thereof
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/142—Amino acids; Derivatives thereof
- A23K20/147—Polymeric derivatives, e.g. peptides or proteins
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/158—Fatty acids; Fats; Products containing oils or fats
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/163—Sugars; Polysaccharides
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K40/00—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K40/30—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs by encapsulating; by coating
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Proteomics, Peptides & Aminoacids (AREA)
- Insects & Arthropods (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Birds (AREA)
- Fodder In General (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of feed additives, and discloses coated amino acid and a preparation method and application thereof. The coating amino acid comprises crystal amino acid and a coating agent, and the coating agent is a combination of saturated fatty acid and rice protein. The coated amino acid has small solubility in water, and the absorption of the crystal amino acid in the digestive tract and the absorption of the protein-bound amino acid are more synchronous, so that the utilization rate of the amino acid is improved, and the cost of the feed is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of feed additives, and particularly relates to coated amino acid and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
In aquatic feeds, it is common to add additional crystalline amino acids to compensate for the deficiency in amino acid content of the formulation. However, the crystalline amino acid is easy to dissolve in water, and has high solubility in water, so that the waste of materials is caused, and the practical application of the crystalline amino acid in the aquatic compound feed is limited. In addition, the absorption of the aquatic animals to the crystal amino acid in the feed is too fast and is asynchronous with the absorption of the protein-bound amino acid in the feed, so that the effect of balanced and complementary amino acid in the feed cannot be achieved, and the utilization efficiency of the amino acid is reduced.
The research shows that the coating treatment of the crystalline amino acid can reduce the dissolution of the crystalline amino acid in water and can slow down the absorption rate of the crystalline amino acid by aquatic animals to a certain extent. Particularly for aquatic animals such as shrimps, which have low absorption and utilization rate of crystalline amino acid, the coating treatment is needed.
When amino acid coating treatment is performed on conventional shrimp feeds, gelatin, agar, hardened fat, starch, and the like are commonly used as coating materials. However, when the raw materials are adopted to coat the crystalline amino acid, the effect of reducing the dissolution loss in water is poor, or the absorption speed of the crystalline amino acid in the digestive tract is too fast or too slow, so that the adjustment to a reasonable range cannot be realized, and the actual use effect is limited. Therefore, there is a need to develop a better coating method to further improve the utilization rate of amino acid and reduce the cost of feed.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention is directed to solving at least one of the problems of the prior art described above. Therefore, the invention provides coated amino acid and a preparation method and application thereof. The coated amino acid has small solubility in water, and the coated crystal amino acid is more synchronous in absorption in digestive tract and protein-bound amino acid, so that the utilization rate of the amino acid is improved, and the cost of the feed is reduced.
The invention provides a coating amino acid, which comprises a crystal amino acid and a coating agent, wherein the coating agent is a combination of saturated fatty acid and rice protein.
Experiments show that when the single saturated fatty acid is used for coating the crystalline amino acid, the good effect of reducing the loss of the amino acid can be realized only at a higher dosage, but the slow release effect of the prepared coated amino acid is too strong, so that the absorption utilization rate of the amino acid by aquatic animals is reduced, and the problem of excessive coating is caused; however, when the crystalline amino acid is coated with a small amount of saturated fatty acid, the solubility of the coated amino acid in water is too high. The rice protein is a plant protein which is relatively insoluble, has a slightly poorer anti-dissolution effect than saturated fatty acid, cannot be fully contacted with digestive enzyme due to poor dispersibility and easy aggregation in gastrointestinal fluid, and thus influences the absorption of the coated crystalline amino acid.
Therefore, the coating effect of the single saturated fatty acid or the single rice protein on the crystal amino acid is relatively limited, but the coating performance of the rice protein is obviously improved by matching the saturated fatty acid with the rice protein, the dissolution rate of the coated crystal amino acid in water can be obviously reduced, and the using amount of a coating agent is also reduced. In addition, the saturated fatty acid plays roles of lubrication, stability and dispersion, the problem of poor dispersibility of the rice protein is greatly improved, and the absorption rate of the coated amino acid in the digestive tract of the aquatic livestock is adjusted, so that the coated crystalline amino acid and the protein-bound amino acid can be synchronously absorbed, and the actual utilization rate of the amino acid is improved.
Preferably, the saturated fatty acid includes at least one of capric acid, lauric acid, myristic acid and palmitic acid.
Preferably, the crystalline amino acid comprises at least one of lysine, methionine, arginine, phenylalanine. The amino acid is essential for aquatic animals, especially shrimp aquatic animals, and can be added in the form of crystal amino acid to make up for the deficiency of amino acid content in aquatic feed formula.
Preferably, the coating amino acid also comprises guar gum. The early test of the invention finds that the specific plant polysaccharide guar gum is selected from various thickening agents or adhesives, so that the bonding strength of the coated amino acid can be effectively improved, and the coated amino acid is not easy to disintegrate and lose in water.
Preferably, the coating amino acid consists of the following components in percentage by weight:
the invention also provides a preparation method of the coated amino acid, which comprises the following steps:
heating saturated fatty acid to dissolve, adding rice protein, guar gum and crystalline amino acid, dispersing, and spray drying to obtain coated amino acid.
Preferably, the heating temperature is 35-65 ℃.
Preferably, the air inlet temperature and the air outlet temperature of the spray drying are both 24-30 ℃.
Preferably, the pressure of the spray drying is 4-8MPa, and the spraying speed is 10-20L/min.
The invention also provides application of the coated amino acid in preparation of aquatic feeds.
Preferably, the aquatic feed is a shrimp feed. Since the absorption and utilization rate of the crystalline amino acid by shrimps is not high, the amino acid in the feed needs to be coated more highly. The coating effect of the coated amino acid is obvious, and the coated amino acid is more suitable for being added into shrimp feed.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention overcomes the defects of overhigh content of the coating agent and insufficient coating performance in the existing coating amino acid, obviously improves the coating effect of the crystal amino acid by matching the saturated fatty acid and the rice protein as the coating agent, reduces the dissolution of the crystal amino acid in water, can adjust the absorption rate of the crystal amino acid in the digestive tract of aquatic animals, synchronizes the absorption of the crystal amino acid and the protein-bound amino acid in the feed, and improves the utilization efficiency of the crystal amino acid. Meanwhile, the dosage of the coating agent is reduced through the matching of the saturated fatty acid and the rice protein, and the cost is reduced to a certain extent.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical solutions of the present invention more apparent to those skilled in the art, the following examples are given for illustration. It should be noted that the following examples are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the claimed protection scope is not limited thereto, and any modification, substitution, combination made without departing from the spirit and principle of the present invention are included in the protection scope of the present invention.
The starting materials, reagents or apparatuses used in the following examples are conventionally commercially available or can be obtained by conventionally known methods, unless otherwise specified.
Example 1
The present example provides a coating amino acid, a coated crystalline amino acid and a coating agent, wherein the coating agent is a combination of myristic acid and rice protein, the crystalline amino acid is a combination of methionine, arginine and phenylalanine, and the crystalline amino acid is all powder.
In this embodiment, the coated amino acid comprises the following components in percentage by weight:
the preparation method of the coated amino acid in the embodiment comprises the following steps:
weighing the components according to the formula, heating myristic acid to 55 ℃ for dissolving, adding rice protein, methionine, arginine and phenylalanine for dispersing, and performing spray drying to obtain the coated amino acid.
Wherein the air inlet temperature of the spray drying is 30 ℃, and the air outlet temperature is 25 ℃; the pressure of spray drying is about 5MPa, and the spraying speed is about 10L/min.
Example 2
The present example provides a coating amino acid, a coating crystalline amino acid, a coating agent and guar gum, wherein the coating agent is a combination of myristic acid and rice protein, the crystalline amino acid is a combination of methionine, arginine and phenylalanine, and the crystalline amino acids are all powders.
In this embodiment, the coated amino acid comprises the following components in percentage by weight:
the preparation method of the coated amino acid in the embodiment comprises the following steps:
weighing the components according to the formula, heating myristic acid to 55 ℃ for dissolving, adding rice protein, guar gum, methionine, arginine and phenylalanine for dispersing, and performing spray drying to obtain the coated amino acid.
Wherein the air inlet temperature of the spray drying is 30 ℃, and the air outlet temperature is 25 ℃; the pressure of spray drying is about 5MPa, and the spraying speed is about 10L/min.
Example 3
The present example provides a coating amino acid, a coating crystalline amino acid, a coating agent and guar gum, wherein the coating agent is a combination of lauric acid and rice protein, the crystalline amino acid is a combination of methionine, arginine and phenylalanine, and the crystalline amino acids are all powders.
In this embodiment, the coated amino acid comprises the following components in percentage by weight:
the preparation method of the coated amino acid in the embodiment comprises the following steps:
weighing the components according to the formula, heating lauric acid to 50 ℃ for dissolving, adding rice protein, guar gum, methionine, arginine and phenylalanine for dispersing, and performing spray drying to obtain the coated amino acid.
Wherein the air inlet temperature of the spray drying is 30 ℃, and the air outlet temperature is 25 ℃; the pressure of spray drying is about 5MPa, and the spraying speed is about 10L/min.
Comparative example 1
The present comparative example provides a coated amino acid comprising a crystalline amino acid, a coating agent and guar gum, wherein the coating agent is myristic acid, the crystalline amino acid is a combination of methionine, arginine and phenylalanine, and the crystalline amino acids are all powders.
The coated amino acid in the comparative example comprises the following components in percentage by weight:
the preparation method of the coated amino acid in the comparative example comprises the following steps:
weighing the components according to the formula, heating myristic acid to 55 ℃ for dissolving, adding guar gum, methionine, arginine and phenylalanine for dispersing, and performing spray drying to obtain the coated amino acid.
Wherein the air inlet temperature of the spray drying is 30 ℃, and the air outlet temperature is 25 ℃; the pressure of spray drying is about 5MPa, and the spraying speed is about 10L/min.
Comparative example 2
The present comparative example provides a coated amino acid comprising a crystalline amino acid, a coating agent and guar gum, wherein the coating agent is rice protein, the crystalline amino acid is a combination of methionine, arginine and phenylalanine, and the crystalline amino acids are all powders.
The coated amino acid in the comparative example comprises the following components in percentage by weight:
the preparation method of the coated amino acid in the comparative example comprises the following steps:
weighing the components according to the formula, mixing and dispersing the rice protein, the guar gum, the methionine, the arginine and the phenylalanine, and performing spray drying to obtain the coated amino acid.
Wherein the air inlet temperature of the spray drying is 30 ℃, and the air outlet temperature is 25 ℃; the pressure of spray drying is about 5MPa, and the spraying speed is about 10L/min.
Product effectiveness testing
1. Water loss test for crystalline amino acids
2.5g of each of the coated amino acids prepared in examples 1 to 3 and comparative examples 1 to 2 was taken, added to 100mL of ultrapure water, shaken and then allowed to stand; taking a small amount of supernatant respectively after standing for 5min, 10min, 20min and 40min, measuring the nitrogen content of the supernatant by adopting a Kjeldahl azotometer, converting the nitrogen content into the content of amino acid in the supernatant, and obtaining the dissolution rate of various coated amino acids in a water body by the following formula.
The dissolution rate (%). ratio (amino acid content in supernatant/total amino acid amount in ultrapure water) x 100%
The results of the dissolution rate test are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 results of coated amino acid dissolution rates
| Rate of dissolution | Example 1 | Example 2 | Example 3 | Comparative example 1 | Comparative example 2 |
| 5min | 5.1％ | 3.6％ | 4.2％ | 16.7％ | 25.6％ |
| 10min | 17.5％ | 14.5％ | 15.6％ | 30.3％ | 35.0％ |
| 20min | 28.4％ | 23.9％ | 25.5％ | 42.8％ | 47.3％ |
| 40min | 37.5％ | 35.1％ | 35.7％ | 56.2％ | 67.5％ |
As can be seen from Table 1, the coated crystalline amino acids obtained by coating crystalline amino acids with a single saturated fatty acid or a single rice protein (comparative examples 1-2) exhibited high dissolution rates in water, greater than 15% at 5min and greater than 55% at 40 min. And the coating effect of the embodiment 1-3 which adopts the combination of saturated fatty acid and rice protein as the coating agent is obviously improved, the dissolution rate at 5min is less than 10 percent, and the dissolution rate at 40min is less than 40 percent. In addition, in examples 2 to 3, a certain amount of guar gum was added as compared with example 1, and the coating effect was further improved and the loss of crystalline amino acid in water was reduced.
2. Breeding test
The coated amino acid prepared in the examples 1-3 and the comparative examples 1-2 is added into a basic feed (comprising 30 parts by weight of fish meal, 15 parts by weight of soybean meal, 15 parts by weight of flour, 5 parts by weight of yeast powder, 3 parts by weight of shrimp meal, 2 parts by weight of lecithin, 0.5 part by weight of compound vitamin and 0.5 part by weight of mineral) for the penaeus monodon in an amount of 1 wt% to obtain the corresponding feed for the penaeus monodon.
Selecting healthy penaeus monodon with average weight of 1.2 +/-0.1 g as test aquatic animals, dividing the number of the animals into 5 groups, and culturing 50 penaeus monodon in each group by adopting a glass fiber barrel, wherein the feed used for culturing the 5 corresponding penaeus monodon is the feed for the 5 corresponding penaeus monodon, and the culture period is 50 days. During the culture period, pollution is discharged and clean water is supplemented every morning, the natural lighting is realized, and the air is inflated for 24 hours. Feeding 3 times daily (8 am, 5 pm and 10 pm), with feeding amount of 6-8% of prawn weight. After the culture period is finished, the weight gain of each group of penaeus monodon (weight gain rate ═ end weight-initial weight)/initial weight × 100%) is counted and calculated, and the test results are shown in table 2.
TABLE 2 weight gain results for Penaeus monodon
| Example 1 | Example 2 | Example 3 | Comparative example 1 | Comparative example 2 | |
| Mean initial body weight (g) | 1.18 | 1.22 | 1.25 | 1.17 | 1.21 |
| Average terminal body weight (g) | 4.94 | 5.19 | 5.35 | 4.53 | 4.77 |
| Average rate of weight gain | 318.6％ | 325.4％ | 328.0％ | 287.2％ | 294.2％ |
As can be seen from Table 2, compared with comparative examples 1-2, the feed containing the coated amino acid prepared in examples 1-3 can achieve better weight gain effect of the cultured penaeus monodon, and the combination of the saturated fatty acid and the rice protein can effectively adjust the absorption rate of the crystalline amino acid in the digestive tract of the aquatic livestock, so that the crystalline amino acid and the protein-bound amino acid in the feed are absorbed synchronously, and the utilization efficiency of the crystalline amino acid is improved.
The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and various changes can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention within the knowledge of those skilled in the art. Furthermore, the embodiments and features of the embodiments of the present application may be combined with each other without conflict.
Claims (10)
1. A coated amino acid, which is characterized by comprising a crystal amino acid and a coating agent, wherein the coating agent is a combination of saturated fatty acid and rice protein.
2. The coated amino acid according to claim 1, wherein the saturated fatty acid comprises at least one of capric acid, lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid.
3. The coated amino acid of claim 1, wherein the crystalline amino acid comprises at least one of lysine, methionine, arginine, and phenylalanine.
4. The coated amino acid as claimed in claim 1, further comprising guar gum.
5. The coated amino acid according to claim 4, wherein the coated amino acid comprises the following components in percentage by weight:
6. the method for producing the coated amino acid according to claim 5, comprising the steps of:
heating saturated fatty acid to dissolve, adding rice protein, guar gum and crystalline amino acid, dispersing, and spray drying to obtain coated amino acid.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein the heating temperature is 35 to 65 ℃.
8. The method according to claim 6, wherein the pressure of the spray drying is 4-8MPa, and the spray rate is 10-20L/min.
9. Use of a coated amino acid according to any one of claims 1 to 5 in the preparation of an aquaculture feed.
10. Use according to claim 9, wherein the aquatic feed product is a shrimp feed product.
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| CN102165997A (en) * | 2011-04-01 | 2011-08-31 | 北京添竣科技有限公司 | Amino acid coating method for aquatic feeds |
| CN103110028A (en) * | 2009-02-20 | 2013-05-22 | 广东海纳川药业股份有限公司 | Amino acid preparation applied to aquatic product as well as preparation method and aquatic feed thereof |
| CN110574832A (en) * | 2019-10-15 | 2019-12-17 | 湖州师范学院 | Coated amino acid and preparation method thereof |
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