CN111227138A - Expanded compound feed capable of replacing live fish and feeding mandarin fish in whole process and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Expanded compound feed capable of replacing live fish and feeding mandarin fish in whole process and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a mandarin fish puffed compound feed capable of replacing live fish and feeding in the whole process, which comprises the following components in parts by weight: 35-50 parts of Peru fish meal, 5-10 parts of intestinal mucosa protein powder, 10-25 parts of soybean meal, 7-15 parts of peanut bran, 5-10 parts of meat and bone meal, 2-5 parts of blood globulin powder, 13-18 parts of strong flour, 3-5 parts of wheat gluten protein, 1-3 parts of cuttlefish paste, 2-3 parts of yeast paste, 0.5-2 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 1-2 parts of fish oil, 1-2 parts of soybean oil, 1-2 parts of phospholipid, 0.1-0.2 part of vitamin premix, 0.2-0.5 part of mineral premix, 0.6-1.8 parts of functional additive, and the functional additive is choline chloride, glycine, taurine, betaine and yeast nucleotide. The preparation method comprises the following steps: weighing, mixing, extruding, puffing, granulating, drying, spraying grease, cooling and packaging. The feed can completely replace live fish and can be fed in the whole process.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of aquaculture, in particular to mandarin fish puffed compound feed capable of replacing live fish and feeding in the whole process and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The mandarin fish in China has more than ten varieties, wherein the siniperca chuatsi is the most important mandarin fish breeding variety because of high growth speed, strong environmental adaptability, fresh and tender meat quality, high economic value and high favor of consumers. The mandarin fish belongs to the fierce carnivorous animals, live fishes and shrimps are taken as food for the whole life from larval fish, the bait coefficient is usually more than 4, the mandarin fish is usually required to be matched with live fish bait culture facilities more than 4 times of the mandarin fish, and the live fish bait can carry various viruses, so that the mandarin fish is easy to attack, and the large-scale production of the mandarin fish is greatly limited.
The mandarin fish has high bait requirement, and does not ingest dead bait without domestication. At present, research on mandarin fish mainly focuses on cultivation technology, domestication method and feed research, but most of the mandarin fish feed inventions disclosed at present are made of smaller raw materials and cannot be produced commercially in a large scale (such as ' a mandarin fish feed ' ZL 201310479069.2; a prepared mandarin fish feed and a preparation method thereof ' ZL 201410251683.8). The existing mandarin fish compound feed in the market still has the disadvantages of uneven growth speed, low survival rate, slow growth, high feed ratio, liver lesion, inconvenient powder use and the like, and the main analysis reasons comprise poor feed palatability, unreasonable formula structure, low stability in water, high dissolution rate, difficult observation of sinking and the like.
Therefore, the research on the mandarin fish puffed compound feed capable of replacing live fish and feeding the mandarin fish in the whole process is urgently needed.
Disclosure of the invention
In order to overcome the problems of uneven growth speed, low survival rate, slow growth, high material ratio, pathological change of liver, inconvenient use of powder and the like of most mandarin fish feeds in the existing market, the invention provides the mandarin fish puffed compound feed capable of replacing live fishes and feeding in the whole process and the preparation method thereof, which can better solve the problems, and simultaneously, the raw materials are wide and easily available and can be commercially produced in a large scale.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical problem solved by the present invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a mandarin fish puffed compound feed capable of replacing live fish and feeding in the whole process, which is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by weight: 35-50 parts of Peru fish meal, 5-10 parts of intestinal mucosa protein powder, 10-25 parts of soybean meal, 7-15 parts of peanut bran, 5-10 parts of meat and bone meal, 2-5 parts of blood globulin powder, 13-18 parts of strong flour, 3-5 parts of wheat gluten protein, 1-3 parts of cuttlefish paste, 2-3 parts of yeast paste, 0.5-2 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 1-2 parts of fish oil, 1-2 parts of soybean oil, 1-2 parts of phospholipid, 0.1-0.2 part of vitamin premix, 0.2-0.5 part of mineral premix and 0.7-1.8 parts of functional additive, wherein the functional additive is choline chloride, glycine, taurine, betaine and yeast nucleotide.
Preferably, the weight ratio of the functional additive to the other additive is as follows: 0.2-0.5 part of choline chloride, 0.1-0.3 part of glycine, 0.1-0.4 part of taurine and 0.3-0.6 part of yeast nucleotide.
Further, the vitamin premix comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 2% of vitamin A, 1% of vitamin D, 0.1% of vitamin E, 0.2% of vitamin K, 10.5% of vitamin B, 20.5% of vitamin B, 60.5% of vitamin B, 2% of nicotinic acid, 2% of pantothenic acid, 0.1% of biotin, 1% of folic acid, 120.1% of vitamin B and 90% of defatted rice bran.
Further, the weight percentage of the mineral premix is as follows: 0.4% of copper carbonate, 1.5% of ferric citrate, 2.5% of magnesium oxide, 0.6% of manganese sulfate, 24% of potassium chloride, 6% of zinc sulfate, 5% of sodium chloride and 60% of zeolite powder.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the mandarin fish puffed compound feed capable of replacing live fish and feeding in the whole process, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
① weighing the raw materials according to the mass ratio;
② mixing the raw materials, and passing through a superfine pulverizer to make all components pass through 200-320 μm sieve;
③ transferring the uniformly mixed raw materials into a modem, introducing 100-105 ℃ of water vapor for modulation for 8-10 minutes, and then carrying out extrusion, expansion and granulation at the temperature of 90-100 ℃;
④, drying the feed particles at 75-90 ℃, and then feeding the feed particles into a roller oil sprayer to spray oil;
⑤ cooling the dried and sprayed granulated feed and packaging.
Preferably, the particle size of the raw material is 250 μm passing through a screen after passing through a micronizer.
Preferably, the modem is charged with steam at a temperature of 102 ℃, the brewing time is 8 minutes, and the extrusion-expansion-granulation temperature is 95 ℃.
Preferably, the feed pellet drying temperature is 80 ℃.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the cuttlefish extract, the yeast extract and the fish oil in the formula and the glycine, the taurine, the betaine and the yeast nucleotide in the functional additive have obvious food calling effects, so that the mandarin fish can adapt to the puffed feed quickly.
Meanwhile, choline chloride, taurine and yeast nucleotide also have the functions of protecting the liver and enhancing the immunity, and are beneficial to the healthy growth of the mandarin fish.
The intestinal mucosa protein powder is prepared from pig small intestine as a single source by enzymolysis and spray drying, contains a large amount of small peptides and free amino acids, and can promote the growth and reproduction of intestinal beneficial flora, improve the synthesis of mycoprotein, promote the intestinal health and improve the immunity of organisms.
The mandarin fish puffed compound feed provided by the invention can obviously improve the growth performance of mandarin fish, can replace live fish and can be fed into the market in the whole process.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by the following examples, which are intended to be purely exemplary and are not intended to be limiting.
The invention relates to a mandarin fish puffed compound feed capable of replacing live fish and feeding in the whole process, which comprises the following components in parts by weight: 40-50 parts of Peru fish meal, 5-10 parts of intestinal mucosa protein powder, 10-25 parts of soybean meal, 7-15 parts of peanut bran, 5-10 parts of meat and bone meal, 2-5 parts of blood globulin powder, 13-18 parts of strong flour, 3-5 parts of wheat gluten protein, 1-3 parts of cuttlefish paste, 2-3 parts of yeast paste, 0.5-2 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 1-2 parts of fish oil, 1-2 parts of soybean phospholipid, 0.1-0.2 part of vitamin premix, 0.2-0.5 part of mineral premix and 0.7-1.8 parts of functional additive.
Wherein: the weight percentage of the vitamin premix is as follows: 2% of vitamin A, 1% of vitamin D, 0.1% of vitamin E, 0.2% of vitamin K, 10.5% of vitamin B, 20.5% of vitamin B, 60.5% of vitamin B, 2% of nicotinic acid, 2% of pantothenic acid, 0.1% of biotin, 1% of folic acid, 120.1% of vitamin B and 90% of defatted rice bran.
The weight percentage of the mineral premix is as follows: 0.4% of copper carbonate, 1.5% of ferric citrate, 2.5% of magnesium oxide, 0.6% of manganese sulfate, 24% of potassium chloride, 6% of zinc sulfate, 5% of sodium chloride and 60% of zeolite powder.
The functional additive is choline chloride, glycine, taurine, betaine and yeast nucleotide, and the weight parts of the external additive are as follows: 0.2-0.5 part of choline chloride, 0.1-0.3 part of glycine, 0.1-0.4 part of taurine and 0.3-0.6 part of yeast nucleotide.
Clinical medicine and animal experiments show that choline chloride has obvious effects of promoting fat metabolism and reducing blood fat content, and belongs to one of B vitamins. The glycine, the taurine, the betaine and the yeast nucleotide have obvious functions of attracting food, promoting growth and resisting stress. In addition, the fish oil, the cuttlefish paste and the yeast paste in the formula also have obvious food calling effect, and can promote the mandarin fish to quickly change from live fish to feed. The intestinal mucosa protein powder contains a large amount of small peptides and free amino acids, and can promote the growth and reproduction of beneficial intestinal flora, promote intestinal health and improve immunity.
The preparation method of the mandarin fish puffed compound feed capable of replacing live fish and being fed in the whole process comprises the following steps: firstly, weighing the raw materials according to the mass part ratio; then, uniformly mixing the weighed raw materials, and enabling all the components to pass through a 200-320 mu m screen by using an ultrafine pulverizer; transferring the uniformly mixed raw materials into a modem, introducing 100-105 ℃ of water vapor for modulation for 8-10 minutes, and then carrying out extrusion, puffing and granulation at the temperature of 90-100 ℃; drying the feed particles at 75-90 ℃, and then feeding the feed particles into a roller oil sprayer to spray oil; finally, the dried and sprayed granulated feed is cooled and packaged.
Example 1:
the mandarin fish puffed compound feed capable of replacing live fish and being fed in the whole process comprises the following components in parts by weight: 38 parts of Peruvian fish meal, 5 parts of intestinal mucosa protein powder, 13 parts of soybean meal, 8 parts of peanut bran, 5 parts of meat and bone meal, 3 parts of blood cell protein powder, 16.7 parts of strong flour, 2 parts of cuttlefish paste, 2 parts of yeast paste, 1 part of monocalcium phosphate, 2 parts of fish oil, 2 parts of soybean lecithin, 0.1 part of vitamin premix, 0.4 part of choline chloride, 0.2 part of glycine, 0.2 part of taurine and 0.4 part of yeast nucleotide.
Example 2:
the mandarin fish puffed compound feed capable of replacing live fish and being fed in the whole process comprises the following components in parts by weight: 40 parts of Peruvian fish meal, 7 parts of intestinal mucosa protein powder, 11 parts of soybean meal, 7 parts of peanut bran, 5 parts of meat and bone meal, 3 parts of blood cell protein powder, 15 parts of strong flour, 2 parts of cuttle fish paste, 2 parts of yeast paste, 1 part of monocalcium phosphate, 2 parts of fish oil, 2 parts of soybean lecithin, 0.1 part of vitamin premix, 0.3 part of choline chloride, 0.1 part of glycine, 0.2 part of taurine and 0.3 part of yeast nucleotide.
Example 3:
the mandarin fish puffed compound feed capable of replacing live fish and being fed in the whole process comprises the following components in parts by weight: 40 parts of Peruvian fish meal, 10 parts of intestinal mucosa protein powder, 10 parts of soybean meal, 7 parts of peanut bran, 5 parts of meat and bone meal, 3 parts of blood cell protein powder, 13 parts of strong flour, 2 parts of cuttle fish paste, 2 parts of yeast paste, 1 part of monocalcium phosphate, 2 parts of fish oil, 2 parts of soybean lecithin, 0.1 part of vitamin premix, 0.3 part of choline chloride, 0.1 part of glycine, 0.2 part of taurine and 0.3 part of yeast nucleotide.
The preparation method of the mandarin fish puffed compound feed capable of replacing live fish and feeding in the whole process in the embodiment comprises the following steps: firstly, weighing the raw materials according to the mass part ratio; then, uniformly mixing the weighed raw materials, and enabling all the components to pass through a 250-micron screen by an ultrafine pulverizer; transferring the uniformly mixed raw materials into a modem, introducing 102 ℃ of water vapor for modulation for 8 minutes, and then carrying out extrusion, expansion and granulation at the temperature of 95 ℃; drying the feed particles at the temperature of 80 ℃, and then feeding the feed particles into a roller oil spraying machine to spray oil; finally, the dried and sprayed granulated feed is cooled and packaged.
In order to better illustrate the feeding effect of the mandarin fish puffed compound feed capable of replacing live fish and feeding the live fish in the whole process, the test process and the test results are explained and analyzed as follows:
the test time is from 6 months 23 days in 2019 to 8 months 22 days in 2019, the test period is 60 days, and the test place is as follows: in Sanshui district of Foshan City, Pond City, and United nations Water products Co.
The test fish is 1000 mandarin fishes hatched from the same parent of an individual farmer in a large pond town of three water areas in Fushan City, temporarily cultured in a culture barrel with the volume of 10 cubic meters for feed domestication, and after the expanded feed is completely adapted to the formal grouping test, 450 individuals with strong physique and similar specifications are selected, the test fish with the average initial weight of 25.1 +/-0.8 g is randomly distributed into 15 circulating water glass fiber reinforced plastic culture barrels with the effective water volume of 300L, the water exchange speed is 30 min/time, the test is divided into 5 groups, each group is 3 repeated, and each group repeats 30 fishes. The test used 5 groups of feed, respectively commercially available live fish (dace) group, commercially available mandarin fish feed group, example 1 group, example 2 group and example 3 group. Each group of feed was fed 3 barrels of mandarin fish at random. The water quality during the whole test period was: the water temperature is 25-30 ℃, the dissolved oxygen is 6.0-8.5mg/L, the pH is 7.0-7.8, the ammonia nitrogen is 0.05-0.20mg/L, and the nitrite is 0.02-0.05 mg/L. The transparent plastic roof is arranged indoors, the light cycle is a natural cycle, and feeding is stopped one day before the test is finished.
Counting and weighing each group of test fishes when the test starts and ends, and calculating the weight gain of the test fishes; and (4) counting the feed feeding amount, the residual bait weight and the residual material amount converted into dry weight, and calculating the food intake and the feed coefficient. After the growth test of 60 days, 10 fishes and 30 fishes in total are randomly taken from 3 parallel fishes in each test group, weighed and measured for body length, dissected and observed for liver color, and visceral, liver and mesenteric fat are taken and weighed to calculate the fullness, visceral body ratio, liver body ratio and fat body ratio.
The calculation formula of the related parameters is as follows:
body weight × 100/(body length × body length);
tail weight gain is equal to tail weight average-initial tail weight average;
tail food intake (feeding amount-residual bait weight-residual material)/mantissa;
the feed coefficient is the tail food intake/tail weight gain;
visceral weight x 100/body weight;
liver weight x 100/body weight;
fat-to-body ratio mesenteric fat weight × 100/body weight;
normal liver ratio-color normal liver mantissa × 100/sampling mantissa.
Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation (x ± SD), and differences between different treatment groups were analyzed by one-way anova. Mean values that reached significant differences (P <0.05) were examined with Duncan' S. Analysis of variance and multiple comparisons were processed using SPSS 22.0 software.
The effects of different feeds and live fish on growth performance, body type and visceral health of mandarin fish are given in tables 1 and 2 below:
TABLE 1 influence of different feeds and live baits on growth performance of Siniperca chuatsi
| Growth index | Live fish group | Commercial mandarin fish feed group | Example 1 feed | Example 2 feed | Example 3 feed |
| Initial weight (g/tail) | 25.1±0.7 | 25.0±0.3 | 24.9±0.4 | 25.1±0.2 | 25.0±0.1 |
| 60 days heavy (g/tail) | 252.5±7.4b | 180.3±3.7a | 252.4±8.2b | 253.1±3.1b | 255.3±2.1b |
| Food intake (g/tail) for 60 days | 955.1±3.2c | 198.8±6.1a | 245.7±5.8b | 241.7±4.2b | 241.8±3.1b |
| 60 days tail weight gain (g/tail) | 227.4±3.3b | 155.3±5.6a | 227.5±4.2b | 228.0±5.2b | 230.3±4.1b |
| Feed factor of 60 days | 4.20±0.03c | 1.28±0.02b | 1.08±0.06a | 1.06±0.02a | 1.05±0.04a |
Remarking: the difference between the same letters on the same row is not significant (P >0.05), and the difference between different letters is significant (P <0.05)
TABLE 2 influence of different feeds and live fish on the physique and visceral health of mandarin fish
| Body shape and internal organ index | Live fish group | Commercial mandarin fish feed group | Example 1 feed | Example 2 feed | Example 3 feed |
| Fullness (g/cm)3) | 2.41±0.11a | 2.32±0.17a | 2.62±0.08b | 2.64±0.12b | 2.68±0.13b |
| Visceral volume ratio (%) | 10.5±0.44a | 10.8±0.74a | 9.2±0.68b | 9.3±0.62b | 9.5±0.85b |
| Liver body ratio (%) | 1.75±0.18b | 2.82±0.08b | 1.73±0.17a | 1.72±0.07a | 1.70±0.09a |
| Body to body ratio (%) | 1.25±0.08a | 2.52±0.03b | 1.24±0.04a | 1.31±0.04a | 1.24±0.07a |
| Proportion of Normal liver (%) | 84.5±2.09b | 54.2±4.12a | 92.8±1.22c | 94.7±3.21c | 93.1±4.15c |
Remarking: the difference between the same letters on the same row is not significant (P >0.05), and the difference between different letters is significant (P <0.05)
The test results in tables 1 and 2 show that the growth performance of the mandarin fish cultured by the feeds in examples 1, 2 and 3 is obviously superior to that of a commercial mandarin fish feed group, and has no obvious difference with a live fish group; in terms of body type, the fatness of mandarin fish fed by the feeds of examples 1, 2 and 3 was significantly higher than that of live fish and commercial mandarin fish feed, while the visceral body ratio, hepatic body ratio and lipid body ratio were significantly lower than those of commercial mandarin fish feed, indicating an increase in the edible fraction; in terms of normal liver proportion, the mandarin fish cultured by the feeds of the examples 1, 2 and 3 groups is obviously superior to the market mandarin fish feed group and the live fish group.
It should be understood that the above examples are only for clarity of illustration and are not intended to limit the embodiments. Other variations and modifications will be apparent to persons skilled in the art in light of the above description. And are neither required nor exhaustive of all embodiments. And obvious variations or modifications therefrom are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Claims (8)
1. A mandarin fish puffed compound feed capable of replacing live fish and being fed in the whole process is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by weight: 35-50 parts of Peru fish meal, 5-10 parts of intestinal mucosa protein powder, 10-25 parts of soybean meal, 7-15 parts of peanut bran, 5-10 parts of meat and bone meal, 2-5 parts of blood globulin powder, 13-18 parts of strong flour, 3-5 parts of wheat gluten protein, 1-3 parts of cuttlefish paste, 2-3 parts of yeast paste, 0.5-2 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 1-2 parts of fish oil, 1-2 parts of soybean oil, 1-2 parts of phospholipid, 0.1-0.2 part of vitamin premix, 0.2-0.5 part of mineral premix and 0.7-1.8 parts of functional additive, wherein the functional additive is choline chloride, glycine, taurine, betaine and yeast nucleotide.
2. The expanded compound feed for mandarin fish as claimed in claim 1, wherein the functional additive is prepared from the following materials (by weight ratio): 0.2-0.5 part of choline chloride, 0.1-0.3 part of glycine, 0.1-0.4 part of taurine and 0.3-0.6 part of yeast nucleotide.
3. The expanded compound feed for mandarin fish capable of replacing live fish and being fed in whole process as claimed in claim 1, wherein the vitamin premix comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 2% of vitamin A, 1% of vitamin D, 0.1% of vitamin E, 0.2% of vitamin K, 10.5% of vitamin B, 20.5% of vitamin B, 60.5% of vitamin B, 2% of nicotinic acid, 2% of pantothenic acid, 0.1% of biotin, 1% of folic acid, 120.1% of vitamin B and 90% of defatted rice bran.
4. The expanded compound feed for mandarin fish capable of replacing live fish and being fed in whole course as claimed in claim 1, wherein the mineral premix comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 0.4% of copper carbonate, 1.5% of ferric citrate, 2.5% of magnesium oxide, 0.6% of manganese sulfate, 24% of potassium chloride, 6% of zinc sulfate, 5% of sodium chloride and 60% of zeolite powder.
5. The method for preparing expanded compound feed for mandarin fish as claimed in claim 1, which comprises the following steps:
① weighing the raw materials according to the mass ratio;
② mixing the raw materials, and passing through a superfine pulverizer to make all components pass through 200-320 μm sieve;
③ transferring the uniformly mixed raw materials into a modem, introducing 100-105 ℃ of water vapor for modulation for 8-10 minutes, and then carrying out extrusion, expansion and granulation at the temperature of 90-100 ℃;
④, drying the feed particles at 75-90 ℃, and then feeding the feed particles into a roller oil sprayer to spray oil;
⑤ cooling the dried and sprayed granulated feed and packaging.
6. The method for preparing expanded compound feed for mandarin fish as claimed in claim 5, wherein the raw material is processed through micronizer to obtain a particle size capable of passing through 250 μm sieve.
7. The method as claimed in claim 5, wherein the temperature of the steam introduced into the modem is 102 deg.C, the preparation time is 8 min, and the temperature of the extrusion-expansion-granulation process is 95 deg.C.
8. The method for preparing expanded compound feed for mandarin fish as claimed in claim 5, wherein the drying temperature of the feed granule is 80 deg.C.
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| CN110710618A (en) * | 2019-11-04 | 2020-01-21 | 湖州海皇生物科技有限公司 | Expanded compound feed for culturing mandarin fish in circulating water runway and preparation method thereof |
| CN113575796A (en) * | 2021-07-19 | 2021-11-02 | 鄂州品泓生物科技有限公司 | Suspension expanded feed for mandarin fish and production equipment thereof |
| CN114847415A (en) * | 2021-02-04 | 2022-08-05 | 山西中医药大学 | Functional traditional Chinese medicine bait for preventing influenza |
| CN114847414A (en) * | 2021-02-04 | 2022-08-05 | 山西中医药大学 | Functional traditional Chinese medicine fish bait for promoting gastrointestinal health of fishes |
| CN115606720A (en) * | 2022-10-21 | 2023-01-17 | 佛山市顺德区旺海饲料实业有限公司 | Prefabricated low-starch domesticated soft pellet feed for mandarin fish and preparation method thereof |
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| CN110710618A (en) * | 2019-11-04 | 2020-01-21 | 湖州海皇生物科技有限公司 | Expanded compound feed for culturing mandarin fish in circulating water runway and preparation method thereof |
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| CN114847414A (en) * | 2021-02-04 | 2022-08-05 | 山西中医药大学 | Functional traditional Chinese medicine fish bait for promoting gastrointestinal health of fishes |
| CN113575796A (en) * | 2021-07-19 | 2021-11-02 | 鄂州品泓生物科技有限公司 | Suspension expanded feed for mandarin fish and production equipment thereof |
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